DOCSLIB.ORG

Enhancing-Municipal-Finance-In-Nepal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Enhancing-Municipal-Finance-In-Nepal ENHANCING MUNICIPAL FINANCE IN NEPAL 205 Enhancing Municipal EnhancingFinance in Municipal Nepal Finance in Nepal NEPAL TOWN DEVELOPMENT FUND Enhancing Municipal Finance in Nepal TOWN DEVELOPMENT FUND Copyright © 2019 by Town Development Fund, Kathmandu, Nepal Published by Town Development Fund, All rights reserved Kathmandu, Nepal Website: www.tdf.org.np e-mail: [email protected] First published: February 2019 500 copies Design & Printing: Masterpiece with Imagination (9851031259) Liability and Disclaimer: The views and interpretations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Town Development Fund or any of the organizations that sponsored and contributed to its development. The designation of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material herein, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publisher, the authors or the participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Editor: Roy Kelly Full book available as: TDF Publications Number: 01 ISBN: 978-9937-0-5091-3 Hon'ble Mohammad Ishtiyaq Rayi Phone : 977-1-4200034 (Off.) Minister Fax : 977-1-4200035 (Off.) Ministry of Urban Development Website: www.moud.gov.np Singhadurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Ref. No.: Message I am pleased to know that Town Development Fund (TDF) is publishing a book on 'Enhancing Municipal Finance in Nepal'. While the Government of Nepal is going through a paradigm shift from rural to urban focus with increasing priority for urban development as growth engines, sub national borrowing through TDF has become more crucial. Currently, more than 60% of the national population lives in 293 municipalities, where the infrastructure is relatively poor and financing needs are tremendously high. The Urban Financing Framework worked out while preparing 'The National Urban Development Strategy of Nepal' estimated that Nepal’s municipalities need NPR 1.23 trillion for infrastructure development during the period 2016 to 2031. However, there is high dependency on capital grants, coming from federal government to finance urban infrastructure projects in municipalities. As such grants are inadequate, non-grant financing options that include borrowing from TDF, municipal bond issue and building Public Private Partnerships could be innovative avenues for municipalities. The Government is committed to enhance financing to the municipalities by streamlining inter- governmental fiscal transfers, assigning clear mandates on expenditures right of sub-national governments, supporting own source revenue mobilization of municipalities and transforming TDF into a strong financial intermediary for enhanced sub- national borrowing. This publication, I believe will bring valuable insights among the readers regarding exploring of non-grant financing in municipalities of Nepal. Mohammad Ishtiyaq Rayi Minister, Ministry of Urban Development, Nepal III Foreword I am delighted to learn of this publication which incorporates the papers presented during the National Conference on Municipal Finance in Nepal which was held on 20 December 2016 in Kathmandu. This publication, Enhancing Municipal Finance in Nepal, is both relevant and timely, as Nepal is implementing fiscal federalism after the promulgation of constitution of Nepal and is going through a paradigm shift from rural to with urban economy now touching a high percentage of Nepal’s population. However, Nepal’s under-performing urban infrastructure is hindering economic growth and social and environmental progress. It is vital for Nepal to excel in the area of urban infrastructure development, making it more efficient and effective towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. This publication effectively captures the principles, ideas, and best practices of municipal finance, including intergovernmental fiscal transfers, municipal own-source revenues, and innovative financing tools, such as public private partnerships (PPPs), public community partnerships (PCPs), land value capture, blended financing and consortium financing. I congratulate the TDF team for their commendable task in publishing this book. Similarly, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to each of the authors whose papers have been included in this book. Last but not the least, I would like to thank Prof. Roy Kelly for his valuable contribution in editing this publication. It is my firm belief that this publication will serve as a valuable reference for all related policy makers, academics, students and professionals alike working in the field of municipal finance in Nepal. Dr. Ramesh Prasad Singh Secretary Ministry of Urban Development Government of Nepal (GoN) V Message It gives me immense pleasure to know that TDF is publishing the book on 'Enhancing Municipal Finance in Nepal', which is a milestone of knowledge management in the area of urban infrastructure finance in Nepal. Town Development Fund (TDF) has been successful in developing local borrowing culture in the country through its loan and grant financing instruments to municipalities and small towns. More importantly, projects financed by TDF have proved to be sustainable since loan financing instruments follow the asset management plans to make the facility operationally efficient and effective. This has often created conducive environment for facility users to pay the required tariff and lead towards making projects sustainable. This publication attempts to explore the possibilities of sustainable financing other than the grant financing, which I believe, will be useful for officials working in the municipal level, development partners, academia and general readers at large. I take this opportunity to thank TDF management, UNCDF, GiZ and writers of the book for making this publication possible. Dhruba Rijal Chairperson Town Development Fund VII Preface Nepal is currently undergoing a phase of rapid urbanization and struggling with under-performing infrastructure that is hindering economic growth and social and environmental progress. This has prompted the Government of Nepal (GoN) to prioritize the filling of the wide gap in urban infrastructure and services. To address this challenge and deliver sustainable and affordable infrastructure, scarce public resources need to be judiciously applied along with alternative and innovative financing methods. Nepalese municipalities require annual financing of about NPR 1.9 trillion to address the urban infrastructure demand, as per the current status, but have managed annually only about NPR 70 billion. Rapid urbanization, while posing many challenges, also indicates the possibility of prosperity, since urban centers are engines of economic growth. Strengthening municipal finance is particularly relevant in realizing the goals of the National Urban Development Strategy of Nepal for 2030, which aim to “make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”. Well- planned urbanization would help municipalities address the aspirations of its citizens and help Nepal transform itself from a Least Development Country (LDC) to a “developing country” status within the next 4 to 5 years. The new Constitution of Nepal has devolved greater expenditure rights to subnational level governments (provinces and local governments). This devolution of public service responsibilities must be accompanied by adequate financial resources, including locally-generated own-source revenues. A sound public financial management system at the local level is also a prerequisite for achieving sustainable fiscal decentralization and achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Enhancing the four tenets of financial management (i.e. budgeting, accounting, reporting and auditing) is critical to realizing these objectives. In light of the above concerns, a national conference on "Municipal Finance in Nepal” was jointly organized by the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) and the Town Development Fund (TDF), with technical support from UNCDF. The conference brought together policy makers and a gamut of experts (academicians, practitioners, and regulators) from across the country to discuss their recent works and good practices on municipal finance, particularly with respect to local taxes, user fees, inter-governmental fiscal transfers and subnational borrowing, including municipal bonds and PPP financing arrangements. This publication aimed to share knowledge among stakeholders on how to draw upon both internal revenue streams (e.g., taxes, user fees, land value capture) and external revenue streams VIII (e.g., intergovernmental transfers, borrowing, bonds, PPPs) to finance sustainable development within urban and rural municipalities. The private sector, despite much skepticism, has an important role to play in infrastructure financing in Nepal. Attracting private sector attention and interest to partner with and invest in infrastructure calls for a strong initiative from both central and local governments. The conference, attended by over 135 participants, included a series of key note addresses, paper presentations and workshop deliberation sessions which focused on contemporary issues of municipal finance. These interactive sessions enabled the participants to formulate options for moving forward in the context of mobilizing resources to help finance urban infrastructures and improve
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Federalism Is Debated in Nepal More As an ‘Ism’ Than a System
    The FEDERALISM Debate in Nepal Post Peace Agreement Constitution Making in Nepal Volume II Post Peace Agreement Constitution Making in Nepal Volume II The FEDERALISM Debate in Nepal Edited by Budhi Karki Rohan Edrisinha Published by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal (SPCBN) 2014 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal (SPCBN) UNDP is the UN’s global development network, advocating for change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. United Nations Development Programme UN House, Pulchowk, GPO Box: 107 Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: +977 1 5523200 Fax: +977 1 5523991, 5523986 ISBN : 978 9937 8942 1 0 © UNDP, Nepal 2014 Book Cover: The painting on the cover page art is taken from ‘A Federal Life’, a joint publication of UNDP/ SPCBN and Kathmandu University, School of Art. The publication was the culmination of an initiative in which 22 artists came together for a workshop on the concept of and debate on federalism in Nepal and then were invited to depict their perspective on the subject through art. The painting on the cover art titled ‘’Emblem” is created by Supriya Manandhar. DISCLAIMER: The views expressed in the book are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of UNDP/ SPCBN. PREFACE A new Constitution for a new Nepal drafted and adopted by an elected and inclusive Constituent Assembly (CA) is a key element of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) of November 2006 that ended a decade long Maoist insurgency.
    [Show full text]
  • Silence Breaking the Silence
    www.fridayweekly.com.np Every Thursday | ISSUE 194 | RS. 20 SUBSCRIBER COPY | ISSN 2091-1092 13 NOVEMBER 2013 @& sflt{s @)&) 9 772091 109009 www.facebook.com/fridayweekly Silence Breaking the Silence 9/11 will experience the country’s loudest musical explosion this year in the form of Silence Festival, allowing fans an opportunity to witness great acts right here in the city. Continued on page 2 Model: Ashma Singh Model: 2007 record “The Apostasy” At a glance was inspired by his trip here. getstarted What Silence Festival start off with our picks Hailed for the last two decades as one of the few metal bands Who Silence Entertainment getting better with each album, When Behemoth could be the ultimate 9 November (Saturday) Silence Breaking the Silence treat for fans here. Time 12:00 pm onwards Samyam Shrestha Opening for the Polish Where Bhrikuti Mandap Fun Park juggernauts are six killer eavy metal has come here has steadily grown. It was bands from Nepal, India and Ticket Price Rs. 700 a long way in Nepal as if the Michael Jacksons of Switzerland - UgraKarma, Hsince its introduction in metal were playing here one Underside, Newaz, Jugaa, to promote our music and bring While the previous editions late 80s-early 90s. But until after the other, while the people Zygnema, Derrick and And it to an international standard. I of the festival were held at a few years ago, no major beyond the metal circle were We Came. The festival has believe it’s getting better every Jawlakhel Football Ground, international metal band had totally oblivious to it all.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemjong Cornellgrad 0058F
    “LIMBUWAN IS OUR HOME-LAND, NEPAL IS OUR COUNTRY”: HISTORY, TERRITORY, AND IDENTITY IN LIMBUWAN’S MOVEMENT A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Dambar Dhoj Chemjong December 2017 © 2017 Dambar Dhoj Chemjong “LIMBUWAN IS OUR HOME, NEPAL IS OUR COUNTRY”: HISTORY, TERRITORY, AND IDENTITY IN LIMBUWAN’S MOVEMENT Dambar Dhoj Chemjong, Ph. D. Cornell University 2017 This dissertation investigates identity politics in Nepal and collective identities by studying the ancestral history, territory, and place-naming of Limbus in east Nepal. This dissertation juxtaposes political movements waged by Limbu indigenous people with the Nepali state makers, especially aryan Hindu ruling caste groups. This study examines the indigenous people’s history, particularly the history of war against conquerors, as a resource for political movements today, thereby illustrating the link between ancestral pasts and present day political relationships. Ethnographically, this dissertation highlights the resurrection of ancestral war heroes and invokes war scenes from the past as sources of inspiration for people living today, thereby demonstrating that people make their own history under given circumstances. On the basis of ethnographic examples that speak about the Limbus’ imagination and political movements vis-à-vis the Limbuwan’s history, it is argued in this dissertation that there can not be a singular history of Nepal. Rather there are multiple histories in Nepal, given that the people themselves are producers of their own history. Based on ethnographic data, this dissertation also aims to debunk the received understanding across Nepal that the history of Nepal was built by Kings.
    [Show full text]
  • Silk Road Bottom-Up: Regional Perspectives on the ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ Impressum
    China-Programm China-Programme/Stiftung Asienhaus, chinadialogue (Eds.) Silk road bottom-up: Regional perspectives on the ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ Impressum Titel: Silk road bottom-up: Regional perspectives on the ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ Edited by: China-Programme/Stiftung Asienhaus Hohenzollernring 52 50672 Cologne, Germany Conception, coordination and editing: Nora Sausmikat Editorial cooperation: Christopher Davy, Vivien Markert, Gisa Dang, Courtney Tenz, Lena Marie Hufnagel, Frederik Schmitz Supported by MISEREOR The authors are responsible for the content. Concept and Design: Chanika Ronczka Typesetting, lithography and printing: Klartext Medienwerkstatt GmbH, Essen (www.k-mw.de) Coverphoto: Free Seide in der Seuk 5 (FreeImages.com/Cecilia Reifschneider) Price: 5,00 Euro Orders: Stiftung Asienhaus, Vertrieb, Hohenzollernring 52, 50672 Cologne E-Mail: [email protected] | Tel.: 0221-7116121-13 | Fax: 0221-716121-10 All rights reserved © Stiftung Asienhaus, Cologne, Germany 2017 Reprinting in any form or any means only permitted when citing authors, editors and publisher. This brochure is published under the licence of Creative-Commons-Lizenz 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) ISBN 978-3-933341-76-0 2 China-Programme/Stiftung Asienhaus, chinadialogue (Eds.) Silk road bottom-up: Regional perspectives on the ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ 1 links: Foreword Foreword Asia and, above all, China is playing a major role in The purpose of the BRI project of the Stiftung Asien- implementing development and sustainability goals, as haus is to examine the effects of this initiative on the well as working towards global climate protection. And development perspectives of participating countries. thanks to China’s efforts to carve out a more active Our first report was in German and offered an initial international role, thousands of scholars, practitioners analysis of important sections of the “new Silk Road”, and NGOs, as well as politicians and think tanks, are focusing in particular on the economic corridors.
    [Show full text]
  • Documentation of Indigenous Knowledge, Skill and Practices of Kirata Nationalities with Special Focus on Biological Resources by Mr
    Documentation of Indigenous Knowledge, Skill and Practices of Kirata Nationalities with Special Focus on Biological Resources By Mr. Kamal Maden1, Mr. Ramjee Kongren2 & Mrs. Tanka Maya Limbu3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am especially thankful to Social Inclusion Research Fund (SIRF), SNV Nepal for providing financial support to carry out this research. Thanks are also due to Dr. R. Pradhan, Dr. H. Sharma and Dr. S. Sharma, who had exposed us (SIRF, SNV Nepal Research Fellow) to reading material and relevant issues on social exclusion/inclusion and research methodology, and also valuable comments on the first inception report. Thanks are also to Dr. K.R. Rajbhandari, Dr. M.K. Adhikari, Mr. P.P. Kurmi, Mr. K.P. Limbu and Dr. K.R. Khambu for their kind help in specimens' identification. Few plant specimens were identified by tallying with the authentic specimens deposited in National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories, Godavari, Lalitpur (KATH). So, thanks to Dr. S.R. Baral for providing opportunity to work in KATH. Thanks are due to Prof. R.P. Chaudhary for his constant encouragement and help during this research. I'm also thankful to Prof. Dr. K.K. Shrestha and Associate Prof. Dr. M. Siwakoti for giving valuable inputs in developing research questionnaires and providing literatures. Similarly, I would like to thank Associate Prof. Dr. R.B. Chhetri for his valuable comments on the report contents. Thanks are also due to Dr. S.N. Jha for script correction. I also thankful to Ministry of Forest & Soil Conservation and its joint secretory Dr. K.C. Paudel for providing print copies of Access of Benefit Sharing Draft Bill 2063.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Aesthetics, Tourism, and Change: Case Studies in Nepal
    LANDSCAPE AESTHETICS, TOURISM, AND CHANGE: CASE STUDIES IN NEPAL BY JHARNA JOSHI A thesis Submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington In fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2019 ABSTRACT This research explores how residents and tourists perceive landscape aesthetics in tourism-based landscapes that are continuously changing. Three case study sites in Nepal are examined. Landscapes are dynamic, multifunctional and an amalgamation of natural and human-made components that are constantly evolving, both naturally and due to human activities. Landscape aesthetics, related to experiences within and with multiple dimensions of landscape that engage all human senses, are perceived differently by different groups of people and have implications for their preservation and modification. Tourism, an integral part of contemporary society, reflects and influences changes in society and the landscape. The interrelationships amongst landscapes, change, perceptions and tourism are complex with paradoxical tensions that arise from their interconnections and interdependence. Researchers have studied and interpreted the interrelationship between landscape and tourism from different perspectives that are sometimes contradictory. The literature is fragmented with similar aspects of the landscape-tourism relationship described and conceptualized using different terminologies (landscapes, cultural landscapes, environment, place, space, nature) and with an absence of an integrated approach and a holistic concept of landscape. This research addresses this fragmentation and multiple interpretations to build an integrated approach of landscape taken as a holistic entity, where the natural, cultural, social and economic dimensions, including tourism, interact, integrate and overlap. This study adds a new perspective by looking closely at landscape aesthetics and its relation to change and tourism incorporating the perspectives of both residents and tourists.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepali Times #19, ‘Nepal Oil Corruption’)
    Subscriberís copy #184 20 - 26 February 2004 24 pages Rs 25 Cute cars Kathmandu The 3rd NADA Auto Show 2004 is underway at the BICC till Sunday. braces for a Among the sleek cars on exhibit are all the latest model sedans and SUVs. But springtime of three cute cars need special mention: Democrazy Nepal’s very own Sherpa light commercial vehicles, India’s road queen unrest the Ambassador, and the tried and trusted rear-engined Volkswagen Beetle. The Sherpa is made by Hulas Motors in Biratnagar and has launched Nepal into the list of countries with its own automobile industry.Cube International is importing the newest model Ambassadors to Nepal and promoting them as ideal taxis. The 4th Great Himalayan VW Beetle Rally kicks off on 13 March, with money raised going to cleft palate surgery. Read all about these great cars on p 12-13. Weekly Internet Poll # 124 Q. Do you think King Gyanendra overstepped the bounds of a constitutional monarch with the royal address in Nepalganj? Government supporters at the statue of King Tribhuban Thursday shouted pro-monarchy slogans. Later in the afternoon, political parties also marked Democracy Total votes:2,130 Day by shouting anti-king slogans. Weekly Internet Poll # 125. To vote go to: www.nepalitimes.com KIRAN PANDAY Q. Do you agree the extradition of two senior Maoists indicates New Delhis policy shift? KHADGA SINGH However, this week, several The Maoist campaign of sabotage late last year in an operation that district level cadres from the UML, and assassinations in the capital come also yielded a large quantity of he Maoists are still able to set Nepali Congress and RPP have been as King Gyanendra himself continues weapons and explosives.
    [Show full text]
  • Hitting the High Notes November Is Just Around the Corner and So Is Jazzmandu
    www.fridayweekly.com.np Every Thursday | ISSUE 141 | RS. 20 SUBSCRIBER COPY 24 October 2012 | * sflt{s @)^( ISSN 2091-1092 9 772091 109009 HAPPY www.facebook.com/fridayweekly DASHAIN Note 4 8 10 12 14 The next issue of Fr!day will hit stands FEATURE EVENTS HALLOFFRAME ENTERTAINMENT GOURMET on Cocktails and Dreams Tres Flamencas—a Those caught in our frames The interactive New Media An Italian recapitulates 1 November trains interested youth to performance to raise got a glimpse of the latest in is what we suggest you his culinary encounters bring the needed finesse to awareness and generate Himalayan Atelier and Astik track in the spectacle of art and formulates some the beverage facet of the interest in the fiery dance Designs while enjoying La that KIAF is bringing you advices for newcomers in hospitality sector. form of Spanish Flamenco. Sherpa’s wine-tasting. this year. Kathmandu. Hitting the High Notes November is just around the corner and so is Jazzmandu. Celebrating its 10th year the festival is going strong, staying true to its values and bursting at the seams with top draw entertainment. — Dikson uzy and 2, playing thumb piano - mbira playing uzy and 2, S For more, turn to page 2 ecilie Giskemo, lead singer of ecilie Giskemo, C Model: Model: 2 Issue 141 | 24 October 2012 Fr!day cover Hitting the High Notes azz lovers are slowly time, Jazzmandu should be your to please festival-goers. From collaboration and interaction Stretching further than just ticking off days in the home away from home this No- Brazil to the UK, artists from between the local and interna- live performances Jazzmandu calendar as we approach vember.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepali Times Author Takes You on Walks That and an Index
    #337 23 February - 1 March 2007 16 pages Rs 30 PREYING ON FEAR: A Maoist rally Weekly Internet Poll # 337 against King Gyanendra's Democracy Q. How much do you know about the Day speech on Monday attracted crowds federalism debate? of onlookers in Ratna Park. Total votes: 2,516 Weekly Internet Poll # 338. To vote go to: www.nepalitimes.com Q. What do you think about an ethnic federalist structure for the Nepali state? KIRAN PANDAY What’s a constituent assembly? Who can we trust to run Nepal? Big questions ANAGHA NEELAKANTAN As in previous polls, the so, support for the Maoists has freedom of expression and the largest proportion of those polled eroded in the last six months. right to information. nationwide opinion poll were undecided about which As in a previous poll in Republicanism, federalism, and conducted last month by political party they would vote October 2006, Nepalis are still secularism may be the most-heard A the research group for if elections were held. This divided on whether or not to keep slogans from political groupings Interdisciplinary Analysts shows time, many also didn’t want to the monarchy. Most of those who but they are lower that Nepalis still don’t have much say who they’d vote for. Among favour the monarchy want a down on the faith in politicians. Respondents those who had made up their ceremonial one but don’t like agenda. The fate Editorial p2 were also found to be surprisingly minds, Maoist leader Pushpa Gyanendra as king. of the monarchy The undecided ill-informed about the constituent Kamal Dahal is marginally more Close to two-thirds of the is rated as the assembly elections.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Language Contact in the Himalayaoffers Nuanced Insights Into Language and Its Rela�On to Power in This Geopoli�Cally Complex Region
    The Politics of Language S Contact in the Himalaya ONNTAG AND EDITED BY SELMA K. SONNTAG AND MARK TURIN This book brings together linguistic theory and empirical studies addressing human rights, multilingual education, language ecology and endangered languages. It is essential reading T URIN The Politics of for students, practitioners, language activists and scholars working on language planning, multilingual education, endangered languages and language politics. This is indeed an interdisciplinary book that is testimony to why lesser-known languages matter in the Himalaya ( Language Contact and beyond. EDS —Prof. Nirmal Man Tuladhar, Chair, Social Science Baha .) Although this book was written for a specialist audience of advanced scholars and doctoral in the Himalaya students, the authors successfully link these specific cases to broader issues in sociolinguistics, language policy and planning, and political science. Hence this book will be of interest to scholars working on other contexts besides the Himalayan region; I am very pleased to see such a complex and interesting analysis of the politics of language contact. —Prof. James Tollefson, University of Washington The Politics The Contact in the Hima of Language This highly original and �mely collec�on brings together case studies from salient areas of the Himalayan region to explore the poli�cs of language contact. Promo�ng a linguis�cally and historically grounded perspec�ve, The Politics of Language Contact in the Himalayaoffers nuanced insights into language and its rela�on to power in this geopoli�cally complex region. Edited by respected scholars in the field, the collec�on comprises five new research contribu�ons by established and early-career researchers who have been significantly engaged in the Himalayan region.
    [Show full text]
  • From Pokhara to Kandahar: the Two Hundred Year Journey of the Force That Made Nepal Famous
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2013 From Pokhara to Kandahar: The woT Hundred Year Journey of the Force That Made Nepal Famous Elijah Wohl SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Military, War, and Peace Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Wohl, Elijah, "From Pokhara to Kandahar: The wT o Hundred Year Journey of the Force That Made Nepal Famous" (2013). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 1742. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1742 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. From Pokhara to Kandahar: The Two Hundred Year Journey of the Force That Made Nepal Famous Wohl, Elijah Academic Director: Onians, Isabelle Senior Faculty Advisor: Decleer, Hubert Project Advisor: Latham, Andrew Macalester College Political Science Asia, Nepal, Pokhara Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Nepal: Tibetan and Himalayan Peoples, SIT Study Abroad, Fall 2013 ! ""! Abstract The Gurkhas are renown throughout the world for their fighting skills, their bravery, and their loyalty to the British Crown. Much
    [Show full text]
  • Dewali Through Sociological Lens: Ancestor Worship Among the Chettri of Gaurada in Nepal
    Dewali Through Sociological Lens: Ancestor Worship among the Chettri of Gaurada in Nepal A Dissertation Submitted To Sikkim University In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Philosophy By Rachana Bista Department of Sociology School of Social Sciences February, 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the completion of my work, I always find my reflection on those people who’ve helped me along the way. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Sandhya Thapa, Department of Sociology, Sikkim University for her support and guidance throughout my research process. It would have never been achieved in its present form without her continual valuable suggestion and sage advice. My sincere gratitude to the entire faculty members for giving me this opportunity and encouragement throughout my work, Dr. Swati Akshay Sachdeva, Binod Bhattarai, Dr. Khangembam Indira, Sona Rai and Shankar Narayan Bagh. I express my heartfelt thanks to Dev Narayan Khadka, Gyanendra Khatri Adhikari and all respondents from Gaurada who contributed great support, by answering my questions during my field. I would also express my indebtedness to my seniors Shomit Choudhary, Tikendra Chettri and Nishal Rai for assisting me and providing me with all the necessities. My friends Neha, Shunami, Kimla, Sujata and Krishna were my immense support without whom the list of thanks giving would have been incomplete. Lastly, I gratefully acknowledge the most important person of my life, my family for their encouragement and constant faith in me. Rachana Bista MAP OF JHAPA DISTRICT Source: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jhapa,+Nepal/@26.6034978,87.6328537,10z/dat a=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x39e5bcb8fd2d8589:0x17a56116204711c!8m2!3d26.6398 2!4d87.8942451 Note: The red highlighted region in the map shows Gauradaha/ Gaurada Nagar Palika MAP OF GAURADA NAGAR PALIKA Source: Collected from Municipality office of Gaurada Note: Field work was conducted on the encircled ward numbers, as show in the Map (Ward no.
    [Show full text]