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Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire | International Encyclopedia of The
Version 1.0 | Last updated 02 March 2021 Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire By Mathieu Panoryia Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire French general and statesman Born 14 January 1852 in Rivesaltes, France Died 03 January 1931 in Paris, France Joseph Joffre was commander-in-chief of the French army at the beginning of the First World War, which was supposed to be short. He fought to stop German progression and maintain the war effort in France over time. Despite being idolized by the people of France, he was removed from his positions at the end of 1916 due to a mixed record of success. Table of Contents 1 A colonial officer of the French Republic 2 At the head of the Army (1911-1916) 2.1 From preparations for war to practice 2.2 A global vision of the conflict 2.3 French dissensions 3 Disgrace or apotheosis? 4 Selected Archives: Selected Bibliography Citation A colonial officer of the French Republic Born in Rivesaltes, southern France, Joseph Joffre (1852-1931) entered the prestigious École Polytechnique in 1869, the youngest student of his year. In 1870, the Franco-Prussian War interrupted his classes and he was called to command an artillery battery in Paris. He was, however, never involved in action. A year later, he refused to take part in the Commune. After the second siege of Paris, he went back to his classes. He was a brilliant student and after graduating joined the Engineer Corps, where he became a specialist in fortifications and railways. He helped build several forts in mainland France, before applying his expertise, with great success, during the French colonial expeditions in Taïwan, Tonkin, Mali, and Madagascar. -
Aberystwyth University Civilian Specialists At
Aberystwyth University Civilian Specialists at War Phillips, Christopher DOI: 10.14296/420.9781909646926 Publication date: 2020 Citation for published version (APA): Phillips, C. (2020). Civilian Specialists at War: Britain's Transport Experts and the First World War. (New Historical Perspectives). University of London Press. https://doi.org/10.14296/420.9781909646926 Document License CC BY-NC-ND General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Aberystwyth Research Portal (the Institutional Repository) are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Aberystwyth Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Aberystwyth Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. tel: +44 1970 62 2400 email: [email protected] Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 Downloaded from the Humanities Digital Library http://www.humanities-digital-library.org Open Access books made available by the School of Advanced Study, University of London Press ***** Publication details: Civilian Specialists -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
Sex Work in French Mandate Lebanon and Syria: a History of Representations and Interventions (1920-1946)
Sex Work in French Mandate Lebanon and Syria: A History of Representations and Interventions (1920-1946) Pascale Nancy Graham Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University, Montréal August 2019 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Pascale Nancy Graham Table of Contents Abstract/Résumé iii Acknowledgements vii List of Abbreviations of Archives ix Chapter One: Introduction 1 Regulatory Structures of Sex Work through the Early Modern Ottoman Empire 8 From Ottoman Administration to the French System: Sex Work as Pathology 25 Implicating the League of Nations 39 Public Debates and the Creation of “Diametrically Opposed States of Existence” 46 Colonialism and Humanitarianism: Power and Exclusion 57 Primary Sources and Methodology 61 Thesis Overview 66 Chapter Two: The Power of Medicine: Sex Work, Containment, and the New Discourse of Public Health 71 The Insertion of Scientific Vocabulary into the State Apparatus: The “Truth” about Sex Work 75 Research on Sex Work in the Metropole: The “Indispensable Excremental Phenomenon” 78 The Transmission of Knowledge: The Pathologizing of Sex Work Comes to the Levant 85 The Commission of Medical Reports with the Same Old Message under the New Regime 95 Assessing the Risk of Social Contagion in a Rural Context 108 Conclusion 114 Chapter Three: The Paradox of Liminality: Medico-Administrative and Legal Discourses in Defense of Public Health 119 Those Existing Outside the Law: The Paradox of the French System in the Levant -
Romania's Relations with France and Russia And
H. Gorun. Romania’s Relations with France and Russia... Commentarii / Статьи ББК 63.3(0)53б УДК 94(100) «1914/19 « H. Gorun ROMANIA’S RELATIONS WITH FRANCE AND RUSSIA AND BUCHAREST’S FEARS CONCERNING A BULGARIAN OFFENSIVE (FALL OF 1915 – AUGUST 1916). SOME FRENCH DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Since the summer of the year 1915, the powers of the Entente have intensified their efforts in order to simultaneously attract Romania and Bulgaria into the conflagration. The Allies expressed their trust in the good intentions of the government from Sofia, headed by Vasil Radoslavov. Actually, Ion I. C. Brătianu, the president of Romania’s Council of ministers perceived that government as a tool in the hands of the emperor Wilhelm II and of the Bulgaria’s King, Ferdinand. Brătianu promised to do all his best to please as much as possible Bulgaria regarding its territorial solicitations1. He shared the opinion of the French diplomats concerning a possible conflict between Serbia and Bulgaria. This conflict would have very bad effects on the geostrategic interests of the Allies in the Balkan zone and therefore it had to be avoided2. Brătianu was afraid that a war between Serbia and Bulgaria would complicate much more the situation in Balkans, anyway characterized by uncertainty. For this reason, the Balkan region was qualified as the «powder keg» of the Europe. The attitudes that Bulgaria and Romania would adopt in the world conflict have not been known yet despite the efforts of the Entente’s diplomacy. Entente failed to attract Turkey on its side and hoped to obtain at least Bulgaria’s intervention into the war. -
Civilian Specialists at War Britain’S Transport Experts and the First World War
Civilian Specialists at War Britain’s Transport Experts and the First World War CHRISTOPHER PHILLIPS Civilian Specialists at War Britain’s Transport Experts and the First World War New Historical Perspectives is a book series for early career scholars within the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Books in the series are overseen by an expert editorial board to ensure the highest standards of peer-reviewed scholarship. Commissioning and editing is undertaken by the Royal Historical Society, and the series is published under the imprint of the Institute of Historical Research by the University of London Press. The series is supported by the Economic History Society and the Past and Present Society. Series co-editors: Heather Shore (Manchester Metropolitan University) and Jane Winters (School of Advanced Study, University of London) Founding co-editors: Simon Newman (University of Glasgow) and Penny Summerfield (University of Manchester) New Historical Perspectives Editorial Board Charlotte Alston, Northumbria University David Andress, University of Portsmouth Philip Carter, Institute of Historical Research, University of London Ian Forrest, University of Oxford Leigh Gardner, London School of Economics Tim Harper, University of Cambridge Guy Rowlands, University of St Andrews Alec Ryrie, Durham University Richard Toye, University of Exeter Natalie Zacek, University of Manchester Civilian Specialists at War Britain’s Transport Experts and the First World War Christopher Phillips LONDON ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS Published in 2020 by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU © Christopher Phillips 2020 The author has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the author of this work. -
May 2009 May 2009
May 2009 May 2009 SUMMARY SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION: A GENERAL PERSPECTIVE 2 I. INTRODUCTION: A GENERAL PERSPECTIVE 2 II. BULGARIA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: THE CHALLENGE OF II. BULGARIA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: THE CHALLENGE OF RESPONSIBILITY 9 RESPONSIBILITY 9 II.1. BULGARIA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: The road towards accession II.1. BULGARIA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: The road towards accession II.2. JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS: The heart of the crisis II.2. JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS: The heart of the crisis II.3. THE WEAKNESS OF THE BULGARIAN ADMINISTRATION: Overcoming the II.3. THE WEAKNESS OF THE BULGARIAN ADMINISTRATION: Overcoming the lack of administrative capacity lack of administrative capacity III. THE EUROPEAN UNION AND BULGARIA: A TEST FOR EUROPEAN III. THE EUROPEAN UNION AND BULGARIA: A TEST FOR EUROPEAN SOLIDARITY 55 SOLIDARITY 55 III.1. THE SUSPENSION OF EU FUNDS TO BULGARIA: An unprecedented III.1. THE SUSPENSION OF EU FUNDS TO BULGARIA: An unprecedented decision decision III.2. THE MISMANAGEMENT OF EU FUNDS: To preserve European solidarity III.2. THE MISMANAGEMENT OF EU FUNDS: To preserve European solidarity III.3. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REFORMS: Achieving European living standards III.3. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REFORMS: Achieving European living standards IV. BUILDING A DYNAMIC PARTNERSHIP 77 IV. BUILDING A DYNAMIC PARTNERSHIP 77 IV.1. STRENGHTENING DIALOGUE: Enhanced cooperation between the European IV.1. STRENGHTENING DIALOGUE: Enhanced cooperation between the European Commission, Member States and the Bulgarian government Commission, Member States and the Bulgarian government IV.2. BULGARIA IN THE EU: Setting up a national European agenda IV.2. -
Illusions of Glory—The Great War on the Eastern Front ADVANCED RULES and PLAY BOOK (Rev
Illusions of Glory—The Great War on the Eastern Front ADVANCED RULES AND PLAY BOOK (Rev. 2/18/2016) (Designer: Perry R. Silverman; Developer: Fred Schachter; Assistant Designer & Developer: Aaron H. Silverman) 18.0 Regions 29.0 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 18.1 Movement and Regions 30.0 More Than Two Players 18.2 Control of Regions 30.1 Two AP Players 18.3 Combat and Regions 30.2 Two CP Players 18.4 Regions and Terrain 31.0 Introductory Game 18.5 Regions and Retreat 31.1 The 1914 Invasion of Serbia 18.6 Regions and Advance After Combat 32.0 Shorter Game Scenarios 18.7 Regions and Supply 32.1 From Mobilization to Limited War 19.0 Trenches 32.2 The Brusilov Offensive and Beyond 19.1 Building Trenches 33.0 Strategy Guide 19.2 Trench Construction Die Rolls 33.1 Allied Powers Strategy 19.3 Trench Levels 33.2 Central Powers Strategy 19.4 Removing Trench Markers 34.0 Strategy Card Histories and Notes 19.5 Trench Effects on Combat 34.1 Allied Powers Cards 20.0 Forts 34.2 Central Powers Cards 20.1 General Rules 35.0 Acknowledgments 20.2 Destroying a Fort 36.0 Bibliography 20.3 Besieging a Fort 20.4 Surrender of Besieged Forts 20.5 Forts and Supply 21.0 Flank Attacks 21.1 Restrictions on Flank Attacks 21.2 Forts and Flank Attacks 21.3 Pinning Spaces and Flank Attack DRMs 21.4 Resolving Flank Attacks 22.0 Assembling Units 22.1 Only LCUs Can Be Assembled 22.2 Composition of Assembled LCUs 22.3 How to Assemble LCUs 23.0 Rebellions and Revolution 23.1 Mechanics of Rebellion 23.2 Tracking National Will 23.3 Uprising Units 23.4 Russian Revolution 23.5 Collapse -
Communities, Identities and Migrations in Southeast Europe Collected Articles
Anamnesis electornic books series Communities, Identities and Migrations in Southeast Europe Collected Articles Alexei Kalionski © Author: Alexei Kalionski © Photo on the front cover: Alexei Kalionski © Editor: Iskra Baeva © Design: Andrey Lunin Сдружение “Анамнезис”, София 2014 ISBN 978-619-90188-4-2 Сдружение “Анамнезис”, София 2014 Communities, Identities and Migrations in South- FOREWORD east Europe The articles contained in this collection appeared during the years Collected Articles 1993-2011 in several journals and books, aimed mostly at academic audi- ences. All of them are case-studies corresponding to the broad framework of communities, identities and migrations in specific historical, social and region- al contexts. They reflect various approaches to phenomena that are interre- CONTENTS 4 lated: nomadism and pastoralism, “ethnicity”, pre-modern and modern group identities, state policy towards minorities and refugees, and the attempt at I. THE POMAK DILEMMA 5 combining various types of historical sources and anthropological fieldwork. All of the texts are supplied with up-to-date bibliographies (“further II. ETHNICITY AND MIGRATIONS: THE BULGARIAN CASE, 1830- 22 reading”), for two main reasons: firstly, in order to orientate the readers in the 1915 ongoing research, approaches and discussions and secondly, for educational purposes. The selection of the articles is closely related to several interdisci- III. REFUGEES IN BULGARIA BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS: 59 plinary courses, taught at the University of Sofia “St. Kliment Ohridski” and PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION aimed at students of history and cultural studies. IV. TRANSHUMANCE AND NOMADISM IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: 99 THE CASE OF SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE, 15th-20th C. V. HOW TO BE KARAKACHAN IN BULGARIA? 116 Sofia ALEXEI KALIONSKI April, 2014 VI. -
Cmdr Coe Proceedings 2014–2015
CMDR COE Proceedings 2014-2015 CMDR COE PROCEEDINGS 2014–2015 Editorial Board: Orlin Nikolov, Vassil Roussinov Mihaela Kouteva-Guentcheva Juliana Karakaneva, Jordan Tabov Lyubka Pashova, Nikolay Tomov Milen Milkov, Rositsa Ruseva Irena Nikolova, Iliyan Hutov Technical Board: Boris Guenov, Desislav Zmeev Svetlin Denchev, Zornitsa Doychinova CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE (CMDR COE) 1 CMDR COE Proceedings 2014-2015 Crisis Management and Disaster Response Centre of Excellence (CMDR COE), September 2015 All rights reserved. Crisis Management and Disaster Response Centre of Excellence (CMDR COE) 34A Totleben Boulevard, Shipka Hotel, floor 2 1606 Sofia BULGARIA Phones: 359 29224700, 359 2 9224705 Fax: 359 2 9224755 www.cmdrcoe.org Published in Bulgaria ISSN 2367-766X Published by Crisis Management and Disaster Response Centre of Excellence, CMDR COE Editors: Orlin Nikolov, Vassil Roussinov, Milen Milkov, Rositsa Ruseva, Juliana Karakaneva, Jordan Tabov, Lyubka Pashova, Nikolay Tomov, Mihaela Kouteva-Guentcheva, Irena Nikolova, Iliyan Hutov Front cover: Boris Guenov Design: Crisis Management and Disaster Response Centre of Excellence, CMDR COE CMDR COE Proceedings accepts publications submission of papers in the crisis management and disaster relief domain. Any views or opinions presented in this book are solely those of the author/s and do not necessarily represent those of the CMDR COE. Authors are responsible for the content of their papers and for the quality of the English language, used in the paper. It is also the authors’ responsibility to ensure that data have been collected in an ethical manner. Authors are responsible for disclosing potential conflicts of interest. 2 CMDR COE Proceedings 2014-2015 Ladies and Gentlemen, Seeing the first issue of CMDR COE Proceeding I am pleased of our common effort. -
България Bulgaria Държава Darzhava
Проект "Разбираема България" Вид Транслитера Собствено име Транслитерация на собственото име Вид обект Транслитерация Местоположение Транслитерация местоположение ция България Bulgaria държава darzhava Абаджиев Abadzhiev фамилно име familno ime Абаджийска Abadzhiyska улица ulitsa Сливен Sliven град grad Абаносов Abanosov фамилно име familno ime Абдовица Abdovitsa квартал kvartal София Sofia град grad Абланица Ablanitsa село selo Абланов Ablanov фамилно име familno ime Абланово Ablanovo улица ulitsa Сливен Sliven град grad Абланово Ablanovo улица ulitsa Ямбол Yambol град grad Аблановска низина Ablanovska nizina низина nizina Абоба Aboba улица ulitsa Бургас Burgas град grad Абоба Aboba улица ulitsa Разград Razgrad град grad Абоба Aboba улица ulitsa София Sofia град grad Абрашев Abrashev фамилно име familno ime Абрашков Abrashkov фамилно име familno ime Абрит Abrit село selo Абритус Abritus улица ulitsa Разград Razgrad град grad Ав. Гачев Av. Gachev улица ulitsa Габрово Gabrovo град grad Ав. Митев Av. Mitev улица ulitsa Враца Vratsa град grad Ав. Стоянов Av. Stoyanov улица ulitsa Варна Varna град grad Аваков Avakov фамилно име familno ime Авгостин Avgostin лично име lichno ime Август Avgust лично име lichno ime Август Попов Avgust Popov улица ulitsa Шумен Shumen град grad Августа Avgusta лично име lichno ime Августин Avgustin лично име lichno ime Августина Avgustina лично име lichno ime Авджиев Avdzhiev фамилно име familno ime Аверкий Averkiy улица ulitsa Кюстендил Kyustendil град grad Авксентий Велешки Avksentiy Veleshki улица ulitsa Варна -
Issn 1311-9753 I Free Monthly Guide + Map I July 2014 I Issue 253
ISSN 1311-9753 I FREE MONTHLY GUIDE + MAP I JULY 2014 I ISSUE 253 BULGARIA IN BRIEF 1 2 BULGARIA IN BRIEF 4 BULGARIA IN BRIEF 5 KM RUN 18 SOFIA OVERVIEW 26 ACCOMMODATION 36 BARS AND p. 35 RESTAURANTS 44 ENTERTAINMENT YANNI 52 CULTURE 58 UsEFUL NUMBERS TORI AMOS 60 INDEX p. 57 For Advertising, Bulk Orders and Subscriptions: (before 10th of the preceding month, please!) Sofia City ® Info Guide Phone: 02 980 85 01 Publisher: Cell: 0896 717 225 Nova Advertising Ltd. E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] /Нова Адвъртайзинг ЕООД/ Manager: Lyudmila Mladenova Translations: Pro Trans Expert Ltd. Sofia City Info Guide Design: Nova Advertising Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior On the Cover: Photo by Mihail Spirov permission. Monthly circulation: 20 000 Print: Janet 45 Ltd. www.cityinfoguide.net www.cityinfoguides.com BULGARIA IN BRIEF 3 44 BULGARIABULGARIA ININ BRIEFBRIEF WELCOME TO BULGARIA Welcome to one of the oldest European states with 6000-year old gold treasures, a centre of ancient civilizations, a country that hosts the sanctuary of the mystical singer Orpheus and gave to the Slavonic world the first letters. Bulgaria is a small country by area and population, but it was this spectacular piece of land that God Almighty blessed with unearthly beautiful nature, proud people and rich cultural heritage Bulgarians are also quite hospitable nation – they will greet you like dear guests, will open their hearts filigree gold and silver jewelry. The great Homer and homes to you and will see you off with sincere described in his masterpiece Iliad a Thracian king, wishes for you to come back soon again..