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Category: - (15 questions) What was the immediate cause of the First severing of pilgrimage trade to by Crusade Seljuk Turks after 1071 When did Basil II conquer Bulgaria 986 - 1016 Decisive battle by Basil II in conquering Battle of Cleidon Pass Bulgarians When was Otto I crowned Holy Roman 962 Emperor Who was Otto II () Theophano a Byzantine princess and cousin married to of Basil in 971 Who were the nieces of Basil II's Zoe and Theodora Who captured Romanus IV at Battle of Sultan Alp Arslan Manzikert Who is the prime source for Basil II's nieces, Michael Psellus Zoe and Theodora Who succeeded Basil II (emperor of Constantine VIII in 1025 Byzantium) When did the first come to 1030s southern Who ruled as count in southern Italy in William the Strong-arm 1030's (Norman) By when had Normans overrun southern 1071 Italy What was name of Seljuk Turk nomadic ghazi warriors Who united Seljuk Turks in 1055 Sultan Tuhgril Bey Who restored the Abbasid caliphate in 1055 Seljuk Turks under Sultan Tuhgril Bey Category: Islamic Caliphate - (9 questions) Who constructed a new Islamic capital at Caliph al-Mansur (754-775) Baghdad Who were the first 3 caliphs after Abu BakrUmarUthman Muhammad How did early Islam divide the world House of Islam - under MuslimsHouse of War - land of unbelievers Who was bypassed for caliph in first 3 Ali, a cousin of Muhammad and husband to elections after Muhammad Fatima (daughter of Muhammad) What happened in Islamic world in 657 Arab army in rebelled, marched on Medina, and murdered the then-reigning caliph, Uthman When was Ali, cousin of Muhammad, 661 murdered Name of non-Arab converts to Islam mawali Who led the Fatimids in conquest of north al-Mahdi in 909 Africa When did Fatimids overrun Egypt 962 Category: Turks - (3 questions) Who was leader of Seljuk Turks when they Tuhgril Bey overran Baghdad in 1055 What was the kinship group called in early yurt Turkomen society When did Tuhgril Bey consolidate Seljuk 1037 Turks into army Category: Western Europe - (9 questions) Who was the source for descriptions of Anna Comena western Europeans in First Crusades What was the main shift in agricultural shift from 2 field to 3 field production in that increased systemdevelopment of coulter plough and production around 1000 horse collar What was main increase in productivity of shift from labor-intensive shell system to ship building in Middle Ages more efficient skeleton system How many Western Europeans march off to 100,000 Who were the 3 great monarchs of Western Holy Roman Emperor Henry IVKing Philip I Europe during First Crusade of FranceKing William Rufus of England What Christian kingdom held out against Asturias Muslim conquest in Spain during 8th and 9th century Who was elected monarch of Western Hugh Capet Francia after was deposed Name of famous tapestry about Battle of Bayeux Tapestry Hastings How many men did William the Conqueror 6,000 lead across English Channel in 1066 Category: Papacy - (9 questions) When was Benedictine monastery at Cluny 911 by Duke William of Aquitaine established Famous reformer of Benedictine monastery Abbot Berno of Cluny of Cluny Who were the reformers of 1,000 Cluniac monks monasteries in 10th and 11th centuries Which Pope clashed with Holy Roman Pope Gregory VII Emperor Henry IV What was specific issue for war between investiture of bishops Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII When and where did Henry IV gain Pope Canossa in 1077 Gregory VII forgiveness Who developed the model itinerary for Gallic woman, Aetheria pilgrimage to Palestine in later 4th century 2 major sites of pilgrimage destinations in St. James at Santiago de CompostelaSt. Western Europe before First Crusade Martin of Tours Who did Charlemagne conclude a treaty with Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Raschid to extend pilgrimage to Jerusalem Category: Spain and Sicily - (8 questions) What king summoned French and Norman King Ferdinand in 1064 knights to help with defense of Spanish Leon and Castile When did Christians recapture Toledo 1085 What Muslim governor did Carthage Musa ibn Nusair surrender to What Visigothic king did Moors defeat King Roderick When was Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman 756 declared caliph of Spain Who and when was pilgrimage shrine of St. 977 by al-Mansur James at Santiago de Compostela sacked Which Norman invaded and started Roger of Calabria (brother of Robert conquest of Sicily Guiscard) Which Norman united Sicily and Italy Roger II Category: First Crusade - (26 questions) Where did Urban II preach the First Crusade Council of Clermont Who did Philip I (of France) send on the First Hugh of Vermandois Crusade When did the members of First Crusade July 15, 1099 storm into Jerusalem 3 main princes on First Crusade Godfrey of Boulion, Raymond IV of Toulouse, and Bohemond Who was leader of Normans on First Bohemond Crusade 1st target city of First Crusade Nicaea Result of attack on Nicaea by First Crusade capitulated to Alexia before crusaders conquered What was first victory of First Crusaders over July 1097 in pass at Bozuyuk against Sultan Seljuk Turks Kilij Arslan What was 2nd city attacked by First Crusade How was Antioch conquered by First secured by treachery of disgruntled Crusade Armenian official in June 1098 Who was 1st of Outremer Baldwin I, count of Edessa period In 1100, Baldwin could field only ____ 3,000 soldiers to defend Jerusalem What were 4 feudal Western states in Levant Antiochcounty of Edessacounty of after 1st Crusade Tripolikingdom of Jerusalem Name for crusader kingdoms in Levant Outremer What happened to Crusade of 1101 all 3 columns were ambushed by Seljuk Turks By 1140, there were ______Western 150,000 European were living in 4 Who ruled Antioch after First Crusade Bohemond What did Bohemond do after being released raised forces to capture , from Turkish capture defeated and forced to make confessions After First Crusade, the Crusaders decided Geofreyadvocate of the Holy Sepulcher no king should rule Jerusalem, so they elected ______as _____ After death of Baldwin (ruler of Jerusalem) Baldwin II, count of Edessa who did nobility elect as king of Jerusalem Who succeeded Baldwin II as king of Fulk Jerusalem At the death of King Fulk of Jerusalem, 50,000 _____ Western Europeans ruled over 3 million residents of Outremer 2 military monastic orders that were HospitallersTemplars important in Crusaders holding Outremer 2 successors to Byzantine emperor Alexius I John IIManuel I What was treaty between Alexius I and Treaty of Devol Bohemond after defeat of Bohemond in invasion of Greece What role did Alexius I play during First he swept the Seljuk Turks out of the western Crusade of Asia Minor Category: - (15 questions) Which Turkomen general waged holy war Zengi against the " of the coast" after First Crusade When was Edessa captured from Outremer 1144 by Turk Zengi Which pope preached the Second Crusade Pope Eugenius III What 2 kings assumed the cross on Second King Louis VIII of FranceHoly Roman Crusade Emperor Conrad III When was Second Crusade 1143-1148 What was the immediate cause of Second capture of city of Edessa by Zengi Crusade What was motivation of King Louis VII to go massacre of innocents at Vitry on Second Crusade Who was wife of Louis VII of France on Eleanor, duchess of Aquitaine Second Crusade What ruler of Sicily was waging naval war Roger II of Norman Sicily against Byzantine ruler Manuel I in 1147 What happened to Conrad on Second fell into Turkish ambush at Dorylaeum in Crusade 1147 Who penned an account of Second Crusade Odo of Deuil blaming failure of Second Crusade on Byzantines What victory propelled 's rise as Hattin at 1187 leader of Muslims When was Manuel I of Byzantium battling 1147 - 1158 Roger II When did Normans sack Thessalonica 1185 under William II during Byzantium rule What was capital of Seljuk Turks when Konya Manuel I was ruling Byzantium Category: Rise of Saladin - (13 questions) What event led to Henry II rise in status Eleanor of Aquitaine divorced Louis VII of France and married Henry II Plantagenet Who was German king on Second Crusade Conrad III Who was named as successor to Conrad III Frederick Barbarossa as Holy Roman Emperor What port did King Baldwin III capture in Ascalon, the gateway to Egypt 1153 What Egyptian ruler request Frankish military vizier Shawar help from 1163-1169 What Muslim ruler intervened in Egypt to Nur-ad-Din block Frankish intervention during 1163-1169 Who were military leaders sent by Shirkuh and nephew Saladin (Kurds) Nur-ad-Din to Egypt When was Abbassid caliphate restored in 1171 Egypt by Saladin What prevented civil war between Saladin Nur-ad-Din died suddenly in 1174 and Nur-ad-Din Battle in which Saladin decisively defeated Battle of Horns of Hattin, July 4, 1187 Crusaders What was Raymond III strategy for dealing perceived how unpopular he was as a Kurd with Saladin with Turks and avoided a decisive battle waiting for him to be overthrown from within What action by Saladin drew out Crusaders entered Galilee with an army of 25,000 and into decisive battle besieged castle near Tiberias, which was defended by Eschiva, wife of Count Raymond III Which leader mobilized against Saladin after King Guy he entered Galilee Category: Comnenians - (10 questions) When was the Turkish conquest of Asia 1071-1086 Minor leading to First Crusade Who wrote an account of Byzantium rulers John Cinnamus John II and Manuel I What historian recorded Byzantium history Nicetas Choniates after 1180, and presented Byzantine perspective on When and who minted the first European 1231, Frederick II (Holy Roman Emperor) gold coin since the Dark Ages Name of gold coin by Florence in 1200's florin Name of gold coin minted by Venice in ducat 1200's How many people did it take to support a 5 noble families single soldier on First Crusade 2 historians who wrote about First Crusade Fulcher of ChartresRaymond de Aguilers from crusaders perspective Epic written about First Crusade siege of Chanson de Antioch Antioch - the Hospitaller in Syria protecting route to Tripoli Category: - (12 questions) When did King Richard the Lionhearted and 1191 Philip Augustus arrive for Third Crusade Which Pope preached the Third Crusade Pope Celestine III Who was rival of King Guy after his release Conrad of by Saladin Who was Byzantine emperor when Frederick Isaac II I arrived on Third Crusade What action did Richard the Lionhearted intervened in civil war in Norman Sicily take that delayed his arrival on Third Crusade What was impetus for Richard the when Byzantine petty dynast Isaac Lionhearted to overrun Comnenus has plotted to seize Richard's wife, Berengaria, and sister, Joanna, who had been shipwrecked off the Cypriot coast What power struggle in Outramer Crusader's between Guy and Conrad of Montferrat did Richard the Lionhearted and Philip II intervene in When and where did Richard the Arsuf in September 1191 Lionhearted defeat Saladin What did Philip II do after leaving Third conspired with brother of Richard the Crusade Lionhearted, John, to raise rebellions in Richard's domains What happened to Richard the Lionhearted captured by Leopold V, while crossing on return from Third Crusade through Germany and held for ransom Who did Byzantine ruler Isaac II ally himself Saladin with that alienated Crusaders Who bought Cyprus from Hospitallers after in 1192 3rd Crusade Category: - (20 questions) When was Fourth Crusade 1198-1204 Who assumed role of King of Jerusalem Henry of Champagne after death of Guy in 1195 What were 2 successor kingdoms to Cyprus and Acre Crusader Jerusalem Who was initial leader of 4th Crusade Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV but died just as forces started reaching Outremer What ruler did Pope oppose in 1198 and why King Philip of Swabia who was trying to unite German lands with Norman Sicily What was the initial strategic objective of 4th Egypt Crusade What was size / cost of fleet built by Venice fleet to carry 4,500 knights, 9,000 squires, for 4th Crusade and 34,000 infantry85,000 marks of Cologne What happened about fleet Venice built for only half the Crusaders showed and they 4th Crusade defaulted on 35,000 of original 85,000 marks First city captured by 4th Crusade Latin Christian city of Zara Who talked 4th Crusade into besieging Alexius Angelus, son of deposed Isaac II Constantinople When was sack of Constantinople by 4th April 13, 1204 Crusade How was 4th Crusader's candidate Alexius his blinded father Isaac II was made emperor IV disposed of by court and Alexius IV invited in as co-ruler.When they couldn't deliver promises to Crusaders, they were murdered by Alexius V "the bushy-eyebrowed" Fate of Crusader ruler of Constantinople, defeated and captured by Tsar Kalojan of Baldwin Bulgaria Who was leader of 4th Crusade during sack Boniface Montferrat of Constantinople What did Boniface Montferrat do after not founded a northern Greek kingdom at being elected leader of Byzantine empire Thessalonica after sack by 4th Crusade What 2 French barons conquered William de ChamplitteGeoffrey Villehardouin Peloponnese after 4th Crusade What Crusader founded kingdom in central Burgundian knight Othon de la Rosche Greece around Athens and Thebes after 4th Crusade Byzantium ruler who restored rule over Michael VIII Palaeologus in 1261 Constantinople after 4th Crusade rule Ruler that took over Sicily and southern Italy Charles of Anjou at Battle of Benevento from in 1266 What happened to French rule in Sicily in Michael VIII of Byzantium arranged Sicilians 1282 to slaughter French in the "Sicilian Vespers" and invite Peter of Aragon to rule Category: Post Fourth Crusade - (17 questions) Where was center of Byzantium government Nicaea in northwestern Anatolia after sack of Constantinople What compromise did Byzantine ruler embraced Catholic faith to win Western aid, Michael VIII make at Council of Lyons in but alienated his Orthodox clergy and 1274 subjects What mistake did Andronicus II make ruling bankrupted the empire in abortive effort to Byzantium kingdom in 1302 hire the Catalan Company to expel Ottoman Turks from Asia Minor Who were the successors to Saladin Ayyubid sultans Who were the military power of the Egyptian Mamluks, Turkomen slave soldier from sultans after 1198 southern Russia What was the time period for Mamluk state in 1250-1517 Egypt When was Ayyubid sultanate of Egypt 1250 overthrown Who reorganized the Sufi Maulawiayah order Jalal-ud-din Rumi in 1200's Battle that decided Holy Roman Empire ruler Battle of Bouvines, Frederick II and ally Philip in 1214 II Augustus, defeated Otto IV backed by King John of England and Pope Innocent III When was the Albigensian Crusade 1208-1229 Who were the heretics targeted by Cathars in southern France Albigensian Crusade Who led the Albigensian Crusade Simon de Montfort What followed the Albigensian Crusade in first Inquisition, lead by Dominican friars in effort to stop heresy 1239-1241 Decisive battle by King Pedro II of Aragon in Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 against of Spain Almohad army Which 2 Italian republics emerged from 4th Venice and Crusade as head of large commercial empires When did Acre fall to Mamluks 1291 What was outcome of War of St. Sabas 1254-1261war between Venice and Genoa, Genoa was thrown out of Crusader kingdom of Acre Category: Mongols - (13 questions) What was legend of Prestor John started by Nestorian Christians monks that a mighty Christian lord from the depths of inner Asia would strike the Muslims When did Mongols invade eastern Europe 1240-1241 What did Europeans call the Mongols and Tartars - a monstrous race sprung from why Tararus When/where were the Mongols checked by defeated at Ain Jalud in 1260 Muslims Who did the Europeans first think the soldiers of Prestor John in Mongols were When did Mongol forces overrun northern 1205-1216 China When did Mongol generals Jebe and Subetei 1220-1222 sweep through Iran, Tanscaucasia and southern Russia When did Jenghiz Khan die 1227 Who was elected leader of Mongols after 3rd son Ogatai Jenghiz Khan died in 1227 When did Mongol leader Hulagu capture and 1258 sack Baghdad Which Muslim group defeated Mongols at Mamluks from Egypt Ain Jalut in 1260 Who seized Jerusalem in 1244 and why Khorzemian Turkomen after being expelled from central Asia by Mongols in 1220s What 2 Venetian brothers served as agents Nicolo and Matteo in 1274-1294 of Kublai Khan and when Category: Crusades - (10 questions) Who were 2 great royal Crusaders of 13th Holy Roman Emperor Frederick IISt. Louis IX century of France Who led the Sixth Crusade 1228-1229 Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II Who led the 7th and 8th Crusades Louis IX of France Who preached the Innocent III at Leteran Council 1215 Where did the Fifth Crusade attack Egypt What was the results gained by Frederick II negotiated the return of Jerusalem on Sixth Crusade When did Turkish mercenaries from 1244 Khorezm seize Jerusalem Who preached the Gregory IX at Lyons What was result of Louis IX on Seventh was captured and ransomed for huge some Crusade of money after crushing defeat What Mamluk ruler siezed sultanate after Baybars overthrowing Ayyubid's in Egypt