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Questions for Era of the Crusades Flashcards www.YoYoBrain.com - Accelerators for Memory and Learning Questions for Era of the Crusades Flashcards Category: Byzantine Empire - (15 questions) What was the immediate cause of the First severing of pilgrimage trade to Jerusalem by Crusade Seljuk Turks after 1071 When did Basil II conquer Bulgaria 986 - 1016 Decisive battle by Basil II in conquering Battle of Cleidon Pass Bulgarians When was Otto I crowned Holy Roman 962 Emperor Who was Otto II (Holy Roman Emperor) Theophano a Byzantine princess and cousin married to of Basil in 971 Who were the nieces of Basil II's Zoe and Theodora Who captured Romanus IV at Battle of Sultan Alp Arslan Manzikert Who is the prime source for Basil II's nieces, Michael Psellus Zoe and Theodora Who succeeded Basil II (emperor of Constantine VIII in 1025 Byzantium) When did the Normans first come to 1030s southern Italy Who ruled as count in southern Italy in William the Strong-arm 1030's (Norman) By when had Normans overrun southern 1071 Italy What was name of Seljuk Turk nomadic ghazi warriors Who united Seljuk Turks in 1055 Sultan Tuhgril Bey Who restored the Abbasid caliphate in 1055 Seljuk Turks under Sultan Tuhgril Bey Category: Islamic Caliphate - (9 questions) Who constructed a new Islamic capital at Caliph al-Mansur (754-775) Baghdad Who were the first 3 caliphs after Abu BakrUmarUthman Muhammad How did early Islam divide the world House of Islam - under MuslimsHouse of War - land of unbelievers Who was bypassed for caliph in first 3 Ali, a cousin of Muhammad and husband to elections after Muhammad Fatima (daughter of Muhammad) What happened in Islamic world in 657 Arab army in Egypt rebelled, marched on Medina, and murdered the then-reigning caliph, Uthman When was Ali, cousin of Muhammad, 661 murdered Name of non-Arab converts to Islam mawali Who led the Fatimids in conquest of north al-Mahdi in 909 Africa When did Fatimids overrun Egypt 962 Category: Turks - (3 questions) Who was leader of Seljuk Turks when they Tuhgril Bey overran Baghdad in 1055 What was the kinship group called in early yurt Turkomen society When did Tuhgril Bey consolidate Seljuk 1037 Turks into army Category: Western Europe - (9 questions) Who was the source for descriptions of Anna Comena western Europeans in First Crusades What was the main shift in agricultural shift from 2 field to 3 field production in Middle Ages that increased systemdevelopment of coulter plough and production around 1000 horse collar What was main increase in productivity of shift from labor-intensive shell system to ship building in Middle Ages more efficient skeleton system How many Western Europeans march off to 100,000 First Crusade Who were the 3 great monarchs of Western Holy Roman Emperor Henry IVKing Philip I Europe during First Crusade of FranceKing William Rufus of England What Christian kingdom held out against Asturias Muslim conquest in Spain during 8th and 9th century Who was elected monarch of Western Hugh Capet Francia after Charles the Fat was deposed Name of famous tapestry about Battle of Bayeux Tapestry Hastings How many men did William the Conqueror 6,000 lead across English Channel in 1066 Category: Papacy - (9 questions) When was Benedictine monastery at Cluny 911 by Duke William of Aquitaine established Famous reformer of Benedictine monastery Abbot Berno of Cluny of Cluny Who were the reformers of 1,000 Cluniac monks monasteries in 10th and 11th centuries Which Pope clashed with Holy Roman Pope Gregory VII Emperor Henry IV What was specific issue for war between investiture of bishops Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII When and where did Henry IV gain Pope Canossa in 1077 Gregory VII forgiveness Who developed the model itinerary for Gallic woman, Aetheria pilgrimage to Palestine in later 4th century 2 major sites of pilgrimage destinations in St. James at Santiago de CompostelaSt. Western Europe before First Crusade Martin of Tours Who did Charlemagne conclude a treaty with Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Raschid to extend pilgrimage to Jerusalem Category: Spain and Sicily - (8 questions) What king summoned French and Norman King Ferdinand in 1064 knights to help with defense of Spanish Leon and Castile When did Christians recapture Toledo 1085 What Muslim governor did Carthage Musa ibn Nusair surrender to What Visigothic king did Moors defeat King Roderick When was Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman 756 declared caliph of Spain Who and when was pilgrimage shrine of St. 977 by al-Mansur James at Santiago de Compostela sacked Which Norman invaded and started Roger of Calabria (brother of Robert conquest of Sicily Guiscard) Which Norman united Sicily and Italy Roger II Category: First Crusade - (26 questions) Where did Urban II preach the First Crusade Council of Clermont Who did Philip I (of France) send on the First Hugh of Vermandois Crusade When did the members of First Crusade July 15, 1099 storm into Jerusalem 3 main princes on First Crusade Godfrey of Boulion, Raymond IV of Toulouse, and Bohemond Who was leader of Normans on First Bohemond Crusade 1st target city of First Crusade Nicaea Result of attack on Nicaea by First Crusade capitulated to Alexia before crusaders conquered What was first victory of First Crusaders over July 1097 in pass at Bozuyuk against Sultan Seljuk Turks Kilij Arslan What was 2nd city attacked by First Crusade Antioch How was Antioch conquered by First secured by treachery of disgruntled Crusade Armenian official in June 1098 Who was 1st king of Jerusalem of Outremer Baldwin I, count of Edessa period In 1100, Baldwin could field only ____ 3,000 soldiers to defend Jerusalem What were 4 feudal Western states in Levant Antiochcounty of Edessacounty of after 1st Crusade Tripolikingdom of Jerusalem Name for crusader kingdoms in Levant Outremer What happened to Crusade of 1101 all 3 columns were ambushed by Seljuk Turks By 1140, there were ______ Western 150,000 European were living in 4 Crusader states Who ruled Antioch after First Crusade Bohemond What did Bohemond do after being released raised forces to capture Constantinople, from Turkish capture defeated and forced to make confessions After First Crusade, the Crusaders decided Geofreyadvocate of the Holy Sepulcher no king should rule Jerusalem, so they elected ______ as _____ After death of Baldwin (ruler of Jerusalem) Baldwin II, count of Edessa who did nobility elect as king of Jerusalem Who succeeded Baldwin II as king of Fulk Jerusalem At the death of King Fulk of Jerusalem, 50,000 _____ Western Europeans ruled over 3 million residents of Outremer 2 military monastic orders that were HospitallersTemplars important in Crusaders holding Outremer 2 successors to Byzantine emperor Alexius I John IIManuel I What was treaty between Alexius I and Treaty of Devol Bohemond after defeat of Bohemond in invasion of Greece What role did Alexius I play during First he swept the Seljuk Turks out of the western Crusade of Asia Minor Category: Second Crusade - (15 questions) Which Turkomen general waged holy war Zengi against the "Franks of the coast" after First Crusade When was Edessa captured from Outremer 1144 by Turk Zengi Which pope preached the Second Crusade Pope Eugenius III What 2 kings assumed the cross on Second King Louis VIII of FranceHoly Roman Crusade Emperor Conrad III When was Second Crusade 1143-1148 What was the immediate cause of Second capture of city of Edessa by Zengi Crusade What was motivation of King Louis VII to go massacre of innocents at Vitry on Second Crusade Who was wife of Louis VII of France on Eleanor, duchess of Aquitaine Second Crusade What ruler of Sicily was waging naval war Roger II of Norman Sicily against Byzantine ruler Manuel I in 1147 What happened to Conrad on Second fell into Turkish ambush at Dorylaeum in Crusade 1147 Who penned an account of Second Crusade Odo of Deuil blaming failure of Second Crusade on Byzantines What victory propelled Saladin's rise as Hattin at 1187 leader of Muslims When was Manuel I of Byzantium battling 1147 - 1158 Roger II When did Normans sack Thessalonica 1185 under William II during Byzantium rule What was capital of Seljuk Turks when Konya Manuel I was ruling Byzantium Category: Rise of Saladin - (13 questions) What event led to Henry II rise in status Eleanor of Aquitaine divorced Louis VII of France and married Henry II Plantagenet Who was German king on Second Crusade Conrad III Who was named as successor to Conrad III Frederick Barbarossa as Holy Roman Emperor What port did King Baldwin III capture in Ascalon, the gateway to Egypt 1153 What Egyptian ruler request Frankish military vizier Shawar help from 1163-1169 What Muslim ruler intervened in Egypt to Nur-ad-Din block Frankish intervention during 1163-1169 Who were military leaders sent by Shirkuh and nephew Saladin (Kurds) Nur-ad-Din to Egypt When was Abbassid caliphate restored in 1171 Egypt by Saladin What prevented civil war between Saladin Nur-ad-Din died suddenly in 1174 and Nur-ad-Din Battle in which Saladin decisively defeated Battle of Horns of Hattin, July 4, 1187 Crusaders What was Raymond III strategy for dealing perceived how unpopular he was as a Kurd with Saladin with Turks and avoided a decisive battle waiting for him to be overthrown from within What action by Saladin drew out Crusaders entered Galilee with an army of 25,000 and into decisive battle besieged castle near Tiberias, which was defended by Eschiva, wife of Count Raymond III Which leader mobilized against Saladin after King Guy he entered Galilee Category: Comnenians - (10 questions) When was the Turkish conquest of Asia 1071-1086
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