Benjamin Chew Receipt Book
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BENJAMIN CHEW'S RECEIPT BOOK 1770 - 1809 Nancy E. Richards Chief Researcher Cliveden Introduction: The life and times of Benjamin Chew (1722-1810) merit serious study on several levels. As one of the leading jurists of his day, Chew enjoyed considerable political prestige. A protégé of the Penn family, Chew represented their interests in a variety of areas including the boundary disputes with Maryland (1751) and with Connecticut (1754) and in negotiations with the Pennsylvania legislature over the family land holdings. The same high regard for his legal acumen that led to Chew's appointment as Chief Justice of the Province of Pennsylvania just before the Revolution would occasion his reappointment to the bench in the Federal era as President of the High Court of Errors and Appeals. Chew's high status in Philadelphia society was based on his political position, his personal wealth, and advantageous marriages first to Mary Galloway of Maryland and later to Elizabeth Oswald, niece of wealthy Philadelphia merchant Joseph Turner. Chew's life style generally seems to have been similar to that of other upper class Philadelphians. He had an elegant residence in the city and a summer house in Germantown. Besides several rental properties in Philadelphia, he owned large blocks of land in western Pennsylvania as well as inherited property in Delaware and Maryland. Chew also controlled property in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania that his second wife inherited. Like many of their eighteenth and nineteenth century contemporaries the Chew family had a penchant for record keeping. One factor that sets them apart is the survival of so many of these records. And while there are some important gaps, the more than 200,000 documents on deposit at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania chronicle not only their life but provide insight into life in Philadelphia and the surrounding areas. One important "window" is a manuscript receipt book, still owned by the Chew family, kept by Benjamin Chew for his private accounts between January 1770 and December 1809. It contains 279 pages of receipts beginning with the purchase from Samuel Taylor of the book in which to record his accounts. No year itemizes all his cash transactions. Some years are rich in information; others have only a few entries. Absent are his expenditures for 1780, 1781, or 1782. During these years, he was in political exile at Whitehall, the family plantation in Kent County, Delaware. His association with and support of the Penn family led to his house arrest by the Continental Committee of Safety from August 1777 to June 1778. After his release, he maintained a low political profile until the end of the Revolution. The receipt book records four categories of expenditures. It lists vendors in and out of the city who supplied the goods and services necessary for Chew's household. It names the full-time and occasional employees who worked for him. It indicates Chew's participation in the life of the city including civic and religious activities. It itemizes the taxes Chew paid on his various city properties. The largest number of entries relate to the vendors. Chew's receipt book documents not only names well known today--master craftsmen such as Jonathan Gostelowe, James Reynolds, John Letchworth, and Joseph and Nathaniel Richardson--but also the otherwise little-known carpenters, painters and glaziers, tinsmiths, blacksmiths, carters, sawyers, grazers, and well- and ditch diggers. The second largest group of entries record Chew's wage payments to his full-time and occasional employees. Only the gardeners and coachmen are specifically identified by occupation; perhaps this is because these positions were not common in the city. Chew's records establish both a level of wages over time and his pattern of payment. A smaller group of entries records Chew's participation in the civic and religious activities of the city. The receipt book documents Chew's participation in the Philadelphia Dispensary, his contributions to the Philosophical Society and the Episcopal Free School, and his subscription to the construction of a new City Tavern. Payment of his semi-annual pew rent at St. Peter's Church underscored his routine contact with some of the most important men of power in the city. The record of taxes paid on city properties--the Third Street town house, a rental property on Front Street that later was sold, and a rental property in Lætitia Court--provide information on property assessment and on the rates of taxes levied over a period of years. Equally important is the personal tax on his luxurious coach and his son's phaeton and on the slaves he continued to own at least as late as 1807. The value of this receipt book lies in the wealth of detail of the goods and services Chew considered necessary for his well-functioning household. Social historians can compare his pattern of expenditures with records kept by his contemporaries. Using the receipt book presents some challenges to the scholar. The manuscript is written in several different hands. Some entries are signed by the vendor involved; others by his agent. A number of the signatures are in German with the anglicized version of the name included for identification. (I am especially grateful to James M. Duffin for translating these otherwise illegible signatures). Some simply record the vendor's mark with his name written out. Because the manuscript is still privately owned, an annotated transcription was deemed the best method of sharing the information. The document is transcribed as it appears in the original with all the idiosyncrasies of spelling and punctuation retained. An effort has been made to identify the occupation of all the primary vendors. In cases where the occupation of the individual is not clear from the entry but can be determined from other sources, that information is included in a note. In some instances positive identification is not possible. In an effort to make this document more useful for scholars an annotated name index is included with the transcription. This contains whatever biographical information is available in the standard reference sources. These include the various City Directories of the period, the newspaper gleanings of Hannah Roche at the American Philosophical Society, tax records, fire insurance records, church records, and selected land deeds as well as secondary sources cited in the text. A list of the abbreviations for these sources is provided below. With each name is a complete list by date of the goods or services provided by each vendor. This serves as a cross reference to the manuscript and makes it possible to track Chew's interaction with a particular vendor. Annotating the name list has been a cooperative project. Much of the biographical information is the work of Jim Duffin who served as a research assistant on this project. Jim's familiarity with eighteenth century German script helped immeasurably in the identification of German names in the document. To Jim and to my colleagues at Cliveden who offered specific help and general encouragement I gratefully acknowledge that the end product is much stronger because of their contribution. Any errors remain my responsibility. TRANSCRIPTION [inside front fly leaf] Dr James's Analeptic Pills are said to be most excellent for a bilious Complaint [later pencil inscription: Pennington sold sugar] [title page] Benjamin Chew's Recepts beginning January 1st 1770 ending [December 26, 1809]/ for his private Accounts Receivd Jany 1st 1770 of B: Chew five Shillings & six pence in full for this Receipt Book Saml Taylor1 /1/ Janry 10. 1770 recd of Benja Chew Seven pounds 4/4 in full of all Accounts & Demands Thomas Tomkin2 Test. P.Bond jr ,7.4.4 Setled Janry 10. 1770 with Benjamin Chew all Accounts & recd of him 24/ the Balln Pr Me John Wright ,1.4.0 Reced Janry 10. 1770 of Benja Chew Thirty Pounds 7/4 in full of my husbands Account agst him for Bread to the 3d Instant I say recd by order & for the Use of Andrew Mayer3 my sd husband Mary Meyer/ her mark Test P.Bond jr ,34.7.4 [sic] Recd Janry 13. 1770 of B. Chew Sixteen Pounds 13/ in full of all Accounts & Demands Pr Saml Richards ,16..13..0 Receiv'd Jany 13th 1770 of Benjamin Chew the Sum of Seven pounds 13/7 in full of all Demands & Accounts to this Day Saml & Jno Morton4 ,7..13..7 1 Samuel Taylor ( -1786), bookbinder and stationer, corner Market and Water Streets. (LCP, Manuscript directory for Philadelphia, 1767/8 taken from the newspapers; hereafter CD 1767/8). 2 Thomas Tomkin, smith. 3 Andrew Mayer, baker. 4 Samuel and John Morton, merchants, Water Street near drawbridge. Newspaper advertisement for the period lists "diapers suitable for table cloths and napkins" and "Irish /2/ Receivd Jany 13th 1770 of Benjn Chew the Sum of Thirteen pounds 8/10 in full of all Accounts & Demands to this Day Christoffel Hargesheimer5 [signature written in German; identified as] name of Christo Harkeshamer Blacksmith at Germantown Test: P: Bond jr ,13.8.10 Receiv'd Jany 18th 1770 of Benjamin Chew the Sum of Seven pounds 18/8 in full of all accounts & Demands to this day Killean Wice6 Test: P: Bond jr ,7..18..8 Receivd Jany 20th 1770 of Benjn Chew the Sum of four pounds and twelve Shillings in full for Scaffold Poles Benjn Morgan ,4..12.-- Reced Janry 20. 1770 of B. Chew Fifty Seven Pounds 7/5 in full of Accounts John Cottringer7 /3/ Received Philada 25th Janry 1770 of Benjamin Chew Esqr fifty five Pounds Nine Shillings & four Pence in full Pr Shute & Brian8 ,55..9..4 Receiv'd Jany 25th.