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Documenting the University of Pennsylvania's Connection to Slavery
Documenting the University of Pennsylvania’s Connection to Slavery Clay Scott Graubard The University of Pennsylvania, Class of 2019 April 19, 2018 © 2018 CLAY SCOTT GRAUBARD ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DOCUMENTING PENN’S CONNECTION TO SLAVERY 1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 OVERVIEW 3 LABOR AND CONSTRUCTION 4 PRIMER ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE COLLEGE AND ACADEMY OF PHILADELPHIA 5 EBENEZER KINNERSLEY (1711 – 1778) 7 ROBERT SMITH (1722 – 1777) 9 THOMAS LEECH (1685 – 1762) 11 BENJAMIN LOXLEY (1720 – 1801) 13 JOHN COATS (FL. 1719) 13 OTHERS 13 LABOR AND CONSTRUCTION CONCLUSION 15 FINANCIAL ASPECTS 17 WEST INDIES FUNDRAISING 18 SOUTH CAROLINA FUNDRAISING 25 TRUSTEES OF THE COLLEGE AND ACADEMY OF PHILADELPHIA 31 WILLIAM ALLEN (1704 – 1780) AND JOSEPH TURNER (1701 – 1783): FOUNDERS AND TRUSTEES 31 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706 – 1790): FOUNDER, PRESIDENT, AND TRUSTEE 32 EDWARD SHIPPEN (1729 – 1806): TREASURER OF THE TRUSTEES AND TRUSTEE 33 BENJAMIN CHEW SR. (1722 – 1810): TRUSTEE 34 WILLIAM SHIPPEN (1712 – 1801): FOUNDER AND TRUSTEE 35 JAMES TILGHMAN (1716 – 1793): TRUSTEE 35 NOTE REGARDING THE TRUSTEES 36 FINANCIAL ASPECTS CONCLUSION 37 CONCLUSION 39 THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA’S CONNECTION TO SLAVERY 40 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 42 BIBLIOGRAPHY 43 DOCUMENTING PENN’S CONNECTION TO SLAVERY 2 INTRODUCTION DOCUMENTING PENN’S CONNECTION TO SLAVERY 3 Overview The goal of this paper is to present the facts regarding the University of Pennsylvania’s (then the College and Academy of Philadelphia) significant connections to slavery and the slave trade. The first section of the paper will cover the construction and operation of the College and Academy in the early years. As slavery was integral to the economy of British North America, to fully understand the University’s connection to slavery the second section will cover the financial aspects of the College and Academy, its Trustees, and its fundraising. -
1761-62] the Sz~Az~U'esal Large of Pennsylvania. Through and Break
1761-62] The Sz~az~u’esal Large of Pennsylvania. 173 through and break down or endamage any of th~said banks, dams, sluices or flood-gates either their own or others’, or shall let in any creek or water to annoy, injure or overflowany of their neighbors’ lands, and shall thereof be convicted before the jus- tices of the court of quarter sessions of the said county of Chester, in all such cases the persons so offending shall be fined treble the value of all the damages, to be assessed by two or more indifferent persons to be appointed by the said court to value the same, which fine shall be added to the common stock for the general use andbenefit of the said district. Passed February 17, 1762. Referred for consideration by the King in Council, February 14, 1763, and allowed to become a law by lapse of time in accordance with the proprietary charter. See Appendix XXIV, Secti~nII, and the Acts of Assembly paesed March 4, 1763, Chapter 492; February 15, 1765, Chapter 523; March 4, 1797, Chapter 1922; February 26, 1800, Chapter 2108. CHAPTER CCCCLXXVI. AN ACT FOR THE RECOVERY OF THE DUTIES OF TONNAGE UPON SHIPS AND VESSELS AND CERTAIN OTHER DUTIES UPON WINE, RUM, BRANDY AND OTHER SPiRITS AND UPON SUGAR WHICH BECAME DUE BY VIRTUE OF A LAW OF THIS PROVINCE LATELY EXPIRED, AND WHICH WERE NOT RECEIVED OR SECURED DURING THE CON- TINUANCE THEREOF, AND FOR APPROPRIATING THE SURPLUS. OF THE SAID DUTIES. Whereas by an act of General Assembly~of this province passed in the thirty-first year of his late Majesty, George the Second, entitled “An actfor -
Haverford College Bulletin, New Series, 7-8, 1908-1910
STACK. CLASS S ^T^J BOOK 1^ THE LIBRARY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE (HAVERFORD, pa.) BOUGHT WITH THE LIBRARY FUND BOUND ^ MO. 3 19) V ACCESSION NO. (d-3^50 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/haverfordcollege78have HAVERFORD COLLEGE BULLETIN Vol. VIII Tenth Month, 1909 No. 1 IReports of tbe Boaro of flDanaaers Iprestoent of tbe College ano treasurer of tbe Corporation 1908*1009 Issued Quarterly by Haverford College, Haverford, Pa. Entered December 10, 1902, at Haverford, Pa., as Second Class Matter under the Act of Congress of July 16, 1894 THE CORPORATION OF Haverford College REPORTS OF BOARD OF MANAGERS PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE TREASURER OF THE CORPORATION PRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING TENTH MONTH 12th, 1909 THE JOHN C. WINSTON COMPANY PHILADELPHIA CORPORATION. President. T. Wistar Brown 235 Chestnut St., Philadelphia Secretary. J. Stogdell Stokes ion Diamond St., Philadelphia Treasurer. Asa S. Wing 409 Chestnut St., Philadelphia BOARD OF MANAGERS. Term Expires 1910. Richard Wood 400 Chestnut St., Phila. John B. Garrett Rosemont, Pa. Howard Comfort 529 Arch St., Phila. Francis Stokes Locust Ave., Germantown, Phila. George Vaux, Jr 404 Girard Building, Phila. Stephen W. Collins 69 Wall St., New York, N. Y. Frederic H. Strawbridge 801 Market St., Phila. J. Henry Scattergood 648 Bourse Building, Phila. Term Expires 1911. Benjamin H. Shoemaker 205 N. Fourth St., Phila. Walter Wood 400 Chestnut St., Phila. William H. Haines 1136 Ridge Ave., Phila. Francis A. White 1221 N. Calvert St., Baltimore, Md. Jonathan Evans "Awbury," Germantown, Phila. -
Martin's Bench and Bar of Philadelphia
MARTIN'S BENCH AND BAR OF PHILADELPHIA Together with other Lists of persons appointed to Administer the Laws in the City and County of Philadelphia, and the Province and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania BY , JOHN HILL MARTIN OF THE PHILADELPHIA BAR OF C PHILADELPHIA KKKS WELSH & CO., PUBLISHERS No. 19 South Ninth Street 1883 Entered according to the Act of Congress, On the 12th day of March, in the year 1883, BY JOHN HILL MARTIN, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. W. H. PILE, PRINTER, No. 422 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Stack Annex 5 PREFACE. IT has been no part of my intention in compiling these lists entitled "The Bench and Bar of Philadelphia," to give a history of the organization of the Courts, but merely names of Judges, with dates of their commissions; Lawyers and dates of their ad- mission, and lists of other persons connected with the administra- tion of the Laws in this City and County, and in the Province and Commonwealth. Some necessary information and notes have been added to a few of the lists. And in addition it may not be out of place here to state that Courts of Justice, in what is now the Com- monwealth of Pennsylvania, were first established by the Swedes, in 1642, at New Gottenburg, nowTinicum, by Governor John Printz, who was instructed to decide all controversies according to the laws, customs and usages of Sweden. What Courts he established and what the modes of procedure therein, can only be conjectur- ed by what subsequently occurred, and by the record of Upland Court. -
The Presidents House in Philadelphia: the Rediscovery of a Lost Landmark
The Presidents House in Philadelphia: The Rediscovery of a Lost Landmark I R MORE THAN 150 YEARS there has been confusion about the fPresident's House in Philadelphia (fig. 1), the building which served s the executive mansion of the United States from 1790 to 1800, the "White House" of George Washington and John Adams. Congress had named Philadelphia the temporary national capital for a ten-year period while the new Federal City (now Washington, D.C.) was under con- struction, and one of the finest houses in Philadelphia was selected for President Washington's residence and office. Prior to its tenure as the President's House, the building had housed such other famous (or infamous) residents as proprietary governor Richard Penn, British general Sir William Howe, American general Benedict Arnold, French consul John Holker, and financier Robert Morris. Historians have long recognized the importance of the house, and many have attempted to tell its story, but most of them have gotten the facts wrong about how the building looked when Washington and Adams lived there, and even about where it stood. 1 am indebted to John Alviti, Penelope Hartshorne Batcheler, George Brighitbill, Mr. and Mrs. Nathaniel Burt, Jeffrey A- Cohen, William Creech, David Dashiell, Scott DeHaven, Susan Drinan, Kenneth Fmkel, Jeffrey Faherty, Marsha Fritz, Kristen Froehlich, Roy Harker, Sharon Ann Holt, Sue Keeler, Roger G. Kennedy, Bruce Laverty, Edward Lawler, Sr., Jack and Alice-Mary Lawler, Joann Lawler, Andrea Ashby Lerari, Mark Fraze Lloyd, Barbara A. McMillan, Jefferson M. Moak, Howell T. Morgan, Gene Morris, Roger W. Moss, C. -
Notes on Old Gloucester County, New Jersey
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com OLD GLOUCESTER COUNTY COURT HOUSE AT WOODBURY. FROM SKETCH BY FRANK H. TAYLOR NOTES ON Old Gloucester County NEW JERSEY Historical Records Published by The New Jersey Society of Pennsylvania volume I Compiled and Edited by FRANK H. STEWART HISTORIAN OF THE SOCIETY 1917 0 Copyeighted 1917, ey The New Jeesey Society of Pennsylvania Peinted ey Sinnickson Chew & Sons Company Camden, New Jeesey New Jersey Down from thy hills the streams go leaping, Up from thy shores the tides come creeping, In bay and river the waters meet, Singing and singing with rhythmic beat Songs no orchestra may repeat, New Jersey! Fled from the southern sun's fierce burning, Back from the chill of the north wind turning, With mayflowers decking her form so rare And magnolias redolent in her hair, Queen Flora rests on thy bosom fair, New Jersey! Lakes the feet of thy mountains are laving, Over thy plains the forests are waving, Across thy meadows and marshes and sands Orchards and farms are clasping their hands, Garden of States in fairest of lands ! New Jersey! Smoke from thy cities' chimneys rising Looms to the sky, a Genius surprising, — A Genius whose touch to new visions gives birth. Of homes rejoicing in music and mirth, And song floating everywhere over the earth, New Jersey! Quaker and Dutchman, long ago meeting, Hailed thy shores with immigrants' greeting, And still on the old home sites to-day Their children's children sturdily stay, Glad for thy progress and leading the way, New Jersey! Mother, dear Mother, thy sons are proclaiming Loyalty; with their banners aflaming The Jersey Blues still march at thy side, Eager to cheer thee with love and with pride, Ready to guard thee, whatever betide. -
"Philadelphia*S <J)(Cunicipal Corporation
"Philadelphia*s <J)(Cunicipal Corporation, 1701-1776 URING the colonial period two American cities, New York and Philadelphia, were nominally governed by municipal D corporations closely resembling their English models, and displaying many of the same deficiencies but little of the vitality that still characterized some of their English counterparts. The Philadel- phia Corporation was a close one, entirely self-perpetuating. During its seventy-five-year existence (1701-1776), it became ever more closely bound to its own interests as a legal entity and thus more estranged from the interests of the inhabitants of Philadelphia. Under its charter, the Corporation received powers that were static and somewhat antiquated. As a consequence, the increasing size of the city and the complexity of urban life left the Corporation iso- lated, further and further out of touch with public opinion, while the actual government of Philadelphia went piecemeal into the hands of boards of commissioners, wardens, overseers, and the like. These derived their authority from the Pennsylvania Assembly rather than from the municipal charter.1 The Philadelphia Corporation played second fiddle to the pro- vincial government on every count. It suffered from the Assembly's presence in Philadelphia and from its tendency to interest itself in the details of the city government. E. S. Griffith, a historian of city government, has stated that this situation was common in the colonies: "In many instances, notably in the capital cities, the assembly appeared to regard itself as the actual government of the town, solemnly considering details which might more properly have been delegated—and which in fact in some instances had actually 1 The actual government of Philadelphia by these boards is a related study, one that has not as yet been done except in the general terms of Carl Bridenbaugh's two books, Cities in the Wilderness and Cities in Revolt. -
A Genea-Biographical History of the Rittenhouse Family and All Its
' l_ IIr N l_ 11 i-± ¦ > ": IT= ? o =-— P" o ~n =**. • z O « 0 JZ ¦ : ro m Z —— ' i S 2 0 Z :• oI ' _Z j = 8 S — \ rio _z: ; - ~* ' ,I __ I : —_ \j [f Ml 111 KSEI Daniel K. Cassel. Wit §ulknU this Wiorl: FIRST, TO THE MEMORY OF OUR ANCESTORS, WHO BEQUEATHED TO US THE GLORIOUS PRIVILEGE OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, AND SET US EXAMPLES OP BLAMELESS, EXEMPLARY LIVES. SECOND, TO OUR PARENTS, WHO TAUGHT US TO PRIZE THIS INHERITANCE AS A PRICELESS BOON, DIRECT FROM THE HAND OP GOD. THIRD, TO OUR CHILDREN, WHOM WE ADJURE TO CHERISH THEIR INESTIMABLE PRIVILEGES, AND KEEP UNSULLIED THE FAMILY"NAME, UNSPOTTED FROM THE WORLD. FOURTH, TO OUR POSTERITY. KAY THEY EMULATE THE WORTHY EXAMPLE OF THE "GOOD AND TRUE" WHO HAVE PRECEDED THEM, AND "HONOR GOD AND OBEY HIS COMMANDMENTS." A GENEA-BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF THE RITTENHOUSE FAMILY AND ALLITS BRANCHES IN AMERICA, jr" WITH SKETCHES OF THEIR DESCENDANTS, FROM THE EARLIEST AVAILABLERECORDS TO THE PRESENT TIME,INCLUDING , THE BIRTH OF WILHELM IN1644. Wiitlx portraits and other Jtlustrations. BY y/ DANIEL K. CASSEL, OF GEKMAUTOWN, PHILADELPHIA,PA. WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY ALVAH RITTENHOUSE, M.D. VOLUME I. -j-rv- Uan : PUBLISHED BY THE RITTENHOUSE MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, PHILADELPHIA,.PA. 1893. COPYRIGHT, 1893, BY THE RITTENHOUSE MEMORIALASSOCIATION. Press of Wm. f.Fell& Co., 122024 SANSOM ST., PHILADELPHIA. MOTTO. Which we have heard and known, and our fathers have told us That the generations to come might hnoio them, even the children which should be born; who should arise and declare them to their children. -
The Private and Public Responses to Yellow Fever In
Living in fear of the pale faced messenger : the private and public responses to yellow fever in Philadelphia, 1793-1799 by Anita Marie DeClue A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art in History Montana State University © Copyright by Anita Marie DeClue (2001) Abstract: When yellow fever struck Philadelphia—the premier city of the New Republic— it was the political, cultural, economic, social, and medical capital of America. When the pale faced messenger unleashed itself, with unbelievable ferocity in 1793, this charming and prosperous nerve center of the nation almost crumpled under the weight. This thesis analyses how private citizens, physicians, and governments dealt with the overwhelming problems caused by the almost annual visitation of yellow jack to the Quaker City between 1793 and 1799. While society practically disintegrated under that first ferocious onslaught, the great tradition of citizen involvement saved the city. While thousands fled, often leaving behind sick loved ones, a volunteer committee took over the administration of the city and a group of black Americans assisted, playing a key role in the recovery of the city. In subsequent epidemics, citizens continued to volunteer their services, but only in ancillary capacities. Although the real source of yellow fever—the Aedes aegypti mosquito—remained unknown for another one hundred years, physicians argued vociferously over every aspect of the disease. The medical community split into two camps. One group believed in local generation, its noncontagious nature, and a direct-heroic intervention treatment approach. The other group believed it was imported, contagious, and supported gentle-natural healing methods. -
High Street, from Ninth Street, Philadelphia"
Lu Ann De Cunzo AN HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION OF WILLIAM BIRCH'S PRINT "HIGH STREET, FROM NINTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA" PHILADELPHIA printmaking reached its apogee in 1800 with the appearance of The City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylva- nia, North America; as it appeared in the year 1800 consisting of 28 Plates Drawn and Engraved by W Birch and Son, Published by W. Birch: Springland Cot, near Neshaminy Bridge on the Bristol Road, Pennsylvania, December 31, 1800. In the centuries prior to the advent of modern mass communication, prints circulated widely. An art expres- sion with universal appeal, the print served the dual purpose of entertaining and informing people pictorially of the world around them.' Today such prints are also historical documents. Supplemented by written records, these graphic representations can increase our understanding of the buildings, people and neighborhoods depicted. In this study information gathered from numerous sources provide insights into Philadelphia life in 1800 as well as the Birch print's meaning. William Birch had arrived in Philadelphia in 1794, having appren- ticed with a goldsmith in London and subsequently decided on a career as a painter of miniatures in enamel.2 So impressed was he with the city, he set out to produce a pictorial album of the city and its life; his medium, naturally, the print. In an Introduction to the volume, Birch states his aim thus: The ground on which it [Philadelphia] stands, was, less than a century ago, in a state of wild nature; covered with wood and inhabited by Indians. It has in this short time been raised as it were by magic powers, to the eminence of an opulent city, famous for its trade and commerce, crowded in its port with vessels of its own 109 110 PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY production and visited by others from all parts of the world . -
An Historical Account of the Old State House of Pennsylvania Now
Independence Hall, 1876. FRONT VIEW. AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT UK THE OLD STATE HOUSE OF PENNSYLVANIA NOW KNOWN AS THE HALL OF INDEPENDENCE « BY / FRANK M ETTING WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS BOSTON JAMES R. OSGOOD AND COMPANY 1876 Copyright, 1874, By FRANK M ETTING KIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE: •EREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. PREFACE In the work that I had " found for my hand to do," it became necessary to examine carefully into the details of the building of the State House of Pennsylvania ; much that surprised me came to light not only in the circumstances of its erection but in its subsequent C history. Instead of Dr. Kearsley, to whom the credit had been as- cribed, I discovered that its Architect and actual Builder was one of the greatest men ever fostered by Pennsylvania ; and that every important movement, from the very inception of the efforts of the colonists to assert their constitutional liberty, first assumed shape either within this building or under the shadow of its walls. A friendly suggestion thrown out induced me to extend still further my investigations, with a view of preserving the information in print in some accessible form. This desire was enhanced by the hope that the general public would ultimately share in the interest which every brick of this old build- ing possesses for me, and thus be inclined to lend each his individual aid towards its preservation, and to insure its proper custodianship for all time. The desultory way in which, from causes unnecessary to be detailed, my memoranda have been thrown together, must leave its impress, and I cannot expect to be exempt from inaccuracies ; but having done my best without fee or reward, present or prospective, I have no apologies to make to the public for claiming their notice. -
Institutional Responses to Poverty and Prostitution in Philadelphia 1800-1830
“Come to Virtue ”: Institutional Responses to Poverty and Prostitution In Philadelphia 1800-1830 ____________________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The Colorado College ___________________________________________________________ By Alexander Langstaff May 2014 Honor Code Upheld. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction & Social Control in Perspective 3 Chapter 2. Poverty in Philadelphia 13 Chapter 3. The Criminality of Deviance: Poverty and Prostitution as Vice 28 Chapter 4. Case Study: The Philadelphia Almshouse 40 Chapter 5. Case Study: The Magdalen Society of Philadelphia 52 Chapter 6. Concluding Reflections/Conclusion 82 Appendix 85 Bibliography 88 2 Introduction Amidst the folios of fraying papers marked with scribbled handwriting, ink blotches and mysterious notations for the Philadelphia Magdalen Society lies a mysterious white box in the grand reading room at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Inside the box is a large brass seal; it is heavy to hold and slightly tarnished with wear, fitting perfectly into a small stamp machine beside it. The seal’s elegant craftsmanship shimmers in the dull reading room light despite its use and age. It reads, “Come to Virtue” and proudly identifies the Magdalen Society of Philadelphia as incorporated in 1802.1 Latent with symbolism, two Hellenistic figures act out a scene beneath these words that embody the prevailing narrative of redemptive moral reform: a sagacious man beckons the other, female figure to a building identified as the “Asylum”. This crying, hunched female confidante is the Magdalen that is to be redeemed- the embodiment of the modus vivendi underpinning the Magdalen Society’s fascinating existence as a 19th century reformatory organization.