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_ Mr. Binney so long survived those who we^e. that, to the errors of the science there are jsotne engaged with him in active practice at the limits, but none to the evils of a licentious In¬ bar. vasion of it., he left it to our auuual legisla¬ tures to correct such delects in the system as Taking up these works in the order of their time either created or exposed, and better foundations in the law can no man lay. publication we notice first “An Eulogium While unusually sparing of references to upon the Hon. William Tilghman, late Chief authority, and not a great case lawyer, yet Justice of Pennsylvania,” delivered at the this was “the result of selection and not of request of the bar, in 1827, and penury.” He was familiar with “the light¬ which will be found by the professional houses of the law, and kuew tbeir bearings student in the appendix to the sixteenth vol¬ upon every passage into this deeply indented territory.” ume of Sergeant and Rawle’s Reports. The opening sentences are of marked beauty: While not bringing into his judgments an histoiical account of the legal doctrine on If the reputation of the living were ihe only source from which the honor of our race which they turned, nor illustrating them by Is derived the death of an eminent man frequent references to other codes, yet he was would be a subject of Immitigable grief. * * To part with the great and good from a world competent to the task by the variety as well which thus wants them and not to receive as extent of his labors. His judgments were thereafter the refreshing influence of their perspicuous, precise and single. No reader purified and exalted fame would be to make death almost the master of our virtue, as he ever lost the meaning; the language was appears to be of our perishable bodies. The direct, nature!, PTn’int without living and the dead are, however, but one family, and the moral aDd intellectual afflu¬ involution, parenthesis or complication. His ence of those who have gone before remains style defied the extraction of a double sense— to enrich their posterity. The spirits of all an excellence of the very first order in ju¬ ages, after their sun is set, are gathered into one firmament to shed their unquenchable dicial compositions.” “ The language of the lights upon us. law, as he uses it, is vernacular, and his He then states the birth of the Chief Jus¬ arguments the most simple that the case will tice as of the 12th of August, 1756, on the bear. They are not an intricate web, in which filaments separately weak obtain eastern shore of , and traces his paternal ancestry to emigrants from Kent strength by their union, but a chain whose county, England, in 1662. His father, James firmness arises from the solidity of its links, and not from the artifice of their con¬ Tilghman, was a distinguished lawyer of Pennsylvania, at one time secretary of the nexion.” Faithful in investigation, just in Proprietary Land Office. His maternal reasoning, impartial in conviction, “justice was the object of his affections, and he de¬ grandfather was Tench Francis, the elder, one of the most.eminent lawyers of the fended her with the ardeut devotion of a lover.” His opinion at Nisi Prius, or on the Province, the brother of Richard Francis, author of “Maxims of Equity,” and of Dr. circuit, was never overruled, nor was his Philip Francis, the translator of Horace. judgment in banc ever made ineffectual by a. With a glance at the removal of the majority of the court, save in a single in¬ stance. His great work was “ the thorough family from Maryland to Philadelphia, in 1762, he dwells upon the early incorporation of the principles of scientific equity with the law of Pennsylvania, or education of the young lawyer, his devotion to Littleton, Coke and Plowden, at ■ ather. the reiterated recognition of the bench, that with few exceptions they form an in¬ that time the manuals of the legal student, separable part of that law.” “His equity his admission to the bar, his powers as an was as scientific as his law. It was the equity advocate, the distinctness with which his of the Hardwicks, the Thurlows and the cases were presented, the perspicuity and iLldons, of England; of the Marshalls, the accuracy of his legal references, his concise, Washingtons and the Kents of the United simple and nervous style, and his appoint¬ States; and equity without discretion, fixed ment by President Adams as Chief Judge of as the principles of the common law, and, the Circuit Court of the —one like it, worthy of the freemen of whose of “the midnight Judges,” as the followers of fortunes it disposes.” To these properties of Jefferson were wont to stigmatize them. a great Judge he added the happiest temper, a benevolent ieart, agreeable manners, liter- When the court was abolished, in the face ary and ckjjiical accomplishments, moral of the most strenuous opposition of the Fed¬ qualities of the highest order, and a serene, eralists, Mr. Tilghman became president of unshaken faith in Christianity. the Court of Common Pleas and in 1806 Chief Justice of the State as the successor of Chief such, in outline, is the portrait drawn by Justice Shippen. Mr. Binney then dwells Mr. Binney of Chief Justice Tilghman. He upon the labors of Tilghman during the closes in these words : twenty-one years of his presidency in the Su¬ ui» course uoes not exhl bit the magnificent vauety ol the ocean, sometimes uplifted to preme Court, giving in concise form the re¬ me skies, at others retiring into its darkest sults of the contents of twenty volumes of re¬ caves—at one moment gay with the ensigns ports and upwards of 2,000 judgments. He ?i/.k',er an

He looked through the constitution with his political principles'and in "the rules the glance ol Intuition. He had been with it adopted by him of constitutional interpreta¬ at its creation, and had been in comraunlou tion, with a profound reverence for his judg¬ with it. from that hour. As the fundamental law, instituted by the people for the concerns ments and a warm admiration of his private of a rising natloo, he revolted at the theory character, with an ample knowledge of the that seeks for possible meanings of its lan¬ majestic domain of national jurisprudence, guage that will leave it the smallest possible over which Marshall had exercised un¬ power. Both his judgment and aflections bounded and undisputed intellectual sway, bound him to It as a government supreme In Its delegated powers and supreme tu the au¬ and with a full comprehension of the sig¬ thority to expound and enlorce them, proceed¬ nificance and value of the work of the late ing from the people,designed lor their welfare, Chief Justice, Mr. Binney in speaking of accountable to them, possessing their confi¬ this work exerted his highest powers. His dence, representing their sovereignty, and no conception of the character of the tribunal more to be restrained in the spirit of jeal¬ ousy within less than the fair dimensions of: over which Marshall had so long presided its authority, than to be extended beyond had been expressed elsewhere in exalted them iu the spirit of usurpation. These were terms which have been selected by a recent his constitutional principles, and he Inter¬ historian of tho Supreme Court of the United preted the Constitution by their light. States as a fitting inscription for the title His decisions Taised the renown of the page. country, and confirmed the Constitution. What, sir, is the Supreme Court of the Of all the constitutions of government United States? It Is the august representa¬ known to man, none are so favorable to the1 tive of the wisdom and justice and conscience development of judicial virtue as those of of this whole people la the exposition ol their America. None else confide to the Judges Constitution and laws. It i* the peaceful and the sacred deposit of the iundamental laws, venerable arbitrator between the citizens In and make them the exalted arbiters between all questions touching the extent and sway of the Constitution and those who have estab¬ constitutional power. It Is the great moral lished it. None else can give them so lolty a substitute tor force iu controversies between seat, or Invite them to dwell so much above the people, the States and the Union. the impure air of the world, the tainted atmos¬ phere ~of parly and ol passion, None else Approaching his theme in such a spirit, could have raised for the perpetual example and with a profoundly pious sense of the :of the country, and lor the crown of undying 'praise, so truly great a Judge as John Mar¬ value of such a man as Marshall, as a gift of shall. heaven to this country, he opened his eulogy In 1849, at a meeting of the members of with the words: “ The providence of God is the bar, Mr. Justice Grier, presiding, and the shown most beneficently to the world in Hon. George M. Dallas, but lately Vice Presi¬ raising up from time to time, and in crown-j ■ dent, acting as secretary, in the presence of ing with length of days, men of pre-eminent! Mr. Joseph K. Ingersoll, Mr. Ferdinand Hub- goodness and wisdom.” With native modesty bell, Judge Kane, Hon. William M. Meredith, he added: “If its defective commemoration Messrs. Thomas I. Wharton, John M. Scott, | by me could mar the beauty of his example 11 should shrink from it, as from a profanation;; Eli K. Price, Edward D. Ingraham and j but it is the consolation of the humblest, as others long ago departed, Mr. Binney gave it ought to be of the most gifted, of his eulo- f utterance to his estimate of Mr. Chauncey's gists, that the case of this illustrious man is 1 life and services. In 1852, at a similar meet- one in which to give with simplicity the rec- ping, soon after the decease of Mr. Sergeant,1 ord of his life is to come nearest to a resem¬ in words aglow with the warmest friendship, j blance of the great original.” he took an impressive farewell of the bar, | He then follows the career of Marshall from and never again appeared at any gathering of! extreme youth, the son of a virtuous and his professional brethren. As it is our pur¬ sturdy sire, through all the vicissitudes of a pose at some future time to present sketches marvellous life—as a soldier, who faced the of the lives of these eminent men, we will dangers of battle at Germantown, at Brandy¬ not anticipate Mr. Binney’s eulogies by quo¬ wine, at Monmouth and Sconv Point, and tations here, but surely it must have thrilled who shared the privations of the camp and the hearts of those present to listen to these the suffering at Valley Forge; as an advocate [solemn words : of surpassing strength at the bar; as an i Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the bar. It, ardent champion of the Federal Constitution ; has pleased God that I should survive my as an envoy snatching laurels from the brow two contemporaries of more than half a of Talleyrand; as tho biographer of Wash .ng- ! century—Charles Chauncey and John Ser¬ geant. From the tenacity with which most ton ; as a debater in the halls of Congress; as men hold to life such asurvivorsbip may Secretary of State, until he finally reached, seem to be desirable, but it is uot wisely de-1 through the highest professional reputation, sirable by any man, for It cannot be rever-j great learning, extraordinary vigor of mind entiy asked ol heaven. We may uot ask for and the purest integrity, the loftiest jud cial length of days. We ought not to ask it. ■ Old age has Us pains, Its disappointments, its. eminence that can crown the ambitior ofj mortifications and Us evils, and unless the man—a place which he exalted by his ge.iius Divine Wisdom shall overshadow and crown: and purity to be the noblest public ofiice t pon |tlc ■ ivy.) ‘e ma-'meke that age wop-'CI earth. than the “labor and sorrow” which the1 Psalmist foreshadows for It. Ask it not. Aski for wisdom, and length of days may be Endued by nature with a patience hat 1 i granted if it is In the pleasure ol God. But was never surpassed, faultless in the dis¬ ask not for length of clays. charge of judicial business, industrious and I have uttered the last words at a bar meet¬ painstaking, of immovable firmness of ing upon the departure of friends. I have, dauntless courage, of great learning and vith probably uttered my final words to the bar' of Philadelphia, except the expression of my faculties of applying it of the highest o’ der. most cordial regards, and my most affection¬ logical and weighty, moving among the in¬ ate salutations to you all. tricacies of novel questions with calm hut And yet it was vouchsafed to him to linger, persevering circumspection—such was John not to lag superfluous on the stage, but to re¬ Marshall as a Judge, and the day of his ap¬ main a somewhat inactive spectator of human pointment will ever be regarded as an epoch events for still twenty-three years. in the history of the Constitution. Said Mr. Binney: -fef. <* ~ - | In 1858 Mr. Binney, while conceding that ness in hand to be supplanted by other mat¬ the discourse commemorative of Mr. Justice ters. He never dozed on me bench with his Washington, delivered by the Hon. Joseph eyes open ; he never interrupted or wrangled Hopkinson, the District Judge, was very- with counsel. He had quickness and accuracy just and expressive in its praise, and quite of apprehension. He caught the important pointed in noticing Judge Washington’s parts of the testimony of a witness or of a calmness and fearlessness at a time of high document in a moment, and made a reliable excitement, conceived most happily the idea note of it. He had a ready command of pre¬ ! that the eulogist had omitted to analyze or to cise and expressivo language and great power j distinguish some other peculiar and clearly of logical arrangement. He always main¬ defined characteristics of his subject, which tained his equanimity, and was inexorable I were thought to be of sufficient interest to in holding a jury to his opinion in a point of J justify a distinct treatment. law when there were no disputed facts in the cause. If argument changed his opinion bo was a nephew and to declared it frankly and with apparent satis¬ j some extent the pupil of General Washington, faction—rare proof “ both of a strong mind and of a most honest one.” who, at the early age of 36 years, was ele¬ vated by President , on the 20th Such is Mr. Binney’s portraiture of the I of December, 1798, to be an Associate Justice nephew of . We cannot of the Supreme Court of the United States, refrain from further quoting an exquisite bit j He held this office for thirty-one years, and of description. “ Beside him there sat, dur¬ during that time hold the Circuit Court for ing nearly all his life, amost pleasant District i the district of Pennsylvania. Hence Mr. Judge, Bic-hard Peters, many years his senior, Binney knew him well, and to use his own a very good Admiralty Judge, but much dis¬ ! words: “As I bore to him as true honor and posed to leave the watch on deck in all reverence as to any Judge I have known, I weathers to his sleepless colleague, putting wish to discharge a part of my debt to him forth now and then for his refreshment some j by recording my love for his virtues and my facetia or other—pun, quip, crank or quiddit 1 admiration for his remarkable judicial quali¬ 1—for which he was very famous. Some ties.” His personal qualities are stated to Judges would have looked the graver for this, ^liave been easy manners, affable, unaffected, and some would have been decomposed by it; ?! unpretending and as far as possible from but it was delightful to see how a very, d j stateliness; a conversation unstained by any slight ripple on the face of Washington 0 \ impurities of thought or language, which would show that the breeze had struck, and Jj were a very common fruit of bar associations oulyjnst struck, and passed him, without 5? at the country courts; a fond though unre¬ affecting in the least the trim of his sails, or al ; fined taste for music. purity and delicacy of’ his course.” fdj i thought and speech, “ a more decided inclina- Hampton L. Carson. i tion to the disengaged talk of a club supper * I table and the circulation of a temperate glass than to anything else upon the round earth.” His reading, except in the ofb^vir^tr\J law, was not extensive, and his opinions I were in no way acute or novel. But “ when his robes were upon him ” he was altogether a different person. His carriage became his [station. “Without the least apparent effort , r Ulv ; he made everybody see at first sight that he ///“?£ was equal to all the duties of the place, cere- monial as well as intellectual. His mind was full, his elocution free, clear and accurate, | his command of all about him indisputable. THE PHILADELPHIA His learning and acuteness were not only equal to the profoundest argument, but often I carried the counsel to depths which they had ' not penetrated, and he was as cool, self- A CONTROVERSY OF TWENTY YEARS’ possessed and efficient at a moment of high DURATION jPRARTICALLY SETTLED. ! excitement at the bar or in the people as if I the nerves of fear had been taken out of his j brain by the roots.” 'history of ifTTEMPTED LEGISLATION To those extraordinary qualities he added those of an accomplished equity lawyer, a 1 ! thorough grounding in the common law, A NEW BUILDING AT LAST PERCEIVED [familiarity with the rules of commercial law TO BE NECESSARY.

! and, although without much experience in i - jury trials before he ascended the bench, a surpassing excellence in directing juries. THE APPOINTMENT OF A SITE COMMISSION “He became,” says Mr. Binney, “in my ap¬ h _ prehension as accomplished a Nisi Prius Judge as ever lived. I have never seen a ! COURSE OF LEGISLATION IN THE LAST Judge who in this specialty equaled him. I J AND PRESENT CONGRESSES. cannot imagine a better. Judging of Lord j Mansfield’s great powers at Nisi Prius, by the accounts which have been transmitted to us, Sj [SPECIAL TO Tni PTJBXJC LEDQER.I 1 do not believe that even he surpassed fcf;, Washington, D. C., July 10. [Judge Washington.” His fundamental fac- The Senate having agreed to the paragraph iulty was attention. His mind never In the Suudry Civil Appropriation bill, ;wandered. He never permitted the busi- which carries an appropriation lor the pur- chase of a site and the preparation of plans for the erection of a building at Philadelphia Colonel Smwden Advocate* Extension. for the use of the , the The bill alluded to was reported favorably controversy which has practically existed to the Senate as well as the House, bnt no for the past 20 years over the Mint at Phila¬ action was taken by either branch of Con¬ delphia may now be regarded as finally set¬ gress. At the lollowiug session (first of the tled. The necessity for the extension of the 47th) two bills were introduced lor the ex¬ Mint became apparent more than 26 years tension and both branches again recom¬ ago. The matter was discussed In Congress mended favorable action. The House com¬ from time to time in a mild sort of way, for mittee recommended the Senate bill as a the reason that there was apprehen¬ substitute for tbe two bills Introduced in sion among the Philadelphia members that the House. After personally examining any effort to extend the Mint might result the property the committee “unanimously in the erection of a new building for Mint agreed that the best interests of the Nation purposes at New York. The members from would be subserved by recommending the , that city, backed by their colleagues from purchase of tbe ground west of the Mint, the State, always resisted any effort to ex¬ extending to Broad street, covering an area tend the Philadelphia Mint, and it is my of 100 feet frontage on Chestnut street impression that they had bills peudlng for and extending norm on Broad street 204 the erection of a new Mint at New York. feet.” The committee reported the bill For this reason the extension of the Phila¬ March 13, 1882. In the preceding month the [ delphia Mint was not earnestly pushed in committee sent for Colonel Snowden, and Congress, and it was not until 1880 that a he was heard on the subject. There was no serious step was taken in this direction. hope at that time of securing a new Mint, In May of that year, during the first session and Colonel smowdeo, In advocating the of the Forty-sixth Congress, a sub-com¬ extension, informed the oommitlee that it; mittee of the House Committee on Coinage, would be infinitely better from every point of which Alexander H. Stephens, of Geor¬ of view to extend the present Mint than to, gia, was chairman, visited Philadelphia select another location and erect a new and made a thorough inspection of the pre¬ building. In urging the passage of the bill sent Mint building. There was at that lime Colonel Snowden thus described the adjoin¬ a bill pendiug lor the extension of the Mint ing properties and the advantages which to Broad street, and after a careful consid¬ would follow the extension of the present eration of the subject and personal inspec¬ Mint: “The advantages arising,” said tion of the property, the Committee on Colonel Snowden, “from the purchase of Coinage unanimously recommended the this property at this time, are, first, that purchase of the adjoining property and the the buildings between the present Mint and extension of the Mint building. Broad street consist to a great extent of very The First Mint Extension Bill. indifferent structures, none of them having Id view of the present value of the prop¬ any prospect of permanency. They are all | erty north of the Mint the purchase of old-fashioned, small dwellings, which have which was recommended, the following been turned into shops, cigar stores, drink¬ paragraph from the report of the committee ing saloons, restaurants, a small ticket of- j recommending the passageof the bill for the flee at the corner, a truss store, a small club extension will prove particularly interest¬ room and the like, so that, if the Govern- ! ing: “To make the necessary extension. ” Is ment proposes to purchase the property, now says the report, “additional ground is re¬ is the time to do it economically. If the quired. Adjoining the grounds of the Mint, present owners were to sell and a large estab-! in the same square, is ground now occupied llshment were erected upou the site, as is in part by a church building and in part by probable, it would forever cut us off from old business houses, which it Is said can be any prospect of purchasing, except at very bought entire at from $300.000 to $3.50,0U0, or great cost. The advisability of extending in part, if thought best, for a proportional the present Mint, instead of erecting a new sum. Tbe former Superintendent of the one in some other section of our city, as has Mint, Mr. Robert Patterson, at one time did been suggested, is to my mind very clear.” purchase all the ground in the square, and Extension Flans Abandoned and a New offered it to the United States at cost. In the Building Urged. opinion of your committee It was a short¬ In reply to questions Colonel Snowden sighted policy that dictated otherwise. The slated that the property could be purchased present Superintendent, Colonel Snowden, for $350,000 to $400,000, ana that the church is of opinion that the church property, property could be purchased for $130,000. which is shown on the accompanying plot, Like the bill in the preceding Congress, this could be at once utilized, at very little cost, also failed, to receive action and died on for apartments lor tbe melter and refiner.” the calendar. The committee recommended that the At the first session of the Fiftieth Congress property adjoining tbe Mint on Chestnut an item was placed in the Sundry Civil act street to Broad, and extending northward appropriating $200,000 “for an additional on that street to the church which then ex¬ story to and enlarging the building, Includ¬ isted, be purchased, “provided the same ing vaults, alterations and other necessary can be purchased within tbe limits of $336,- work.” Only about $25,000of this amount 000; and if not within said limits, then to was expended, and the remainder will go to purenase the church property at a price not the appropriation for the new Mint. From to exceed $135,000.” Viewed from a com¬ examinations made at that time the author¬ mercial standpoint, It was certainly “a ities became convinced that the public in¬ short-sighted policy that dictated other- 1' terests required tbe erection of a new Mint wise, ’ ’ when the property was offered to the upon an enlarged site, and all plans for tbe United States by Mr. FattersoD. It was extension of the present building were equally short-Bighted when Congress re- . abandoned. fused to act upou the report of the Coinage No further effort was made until 1890, when Committee In 1880, although, as events have a bill was introduced in the Fifty-first Con¬ since turned out, that failure will prove ao ' gress by General Bingham for the purchase advantage to the Government, inasmuch as of a site and the erection of a new building. the proposed extension would not have fully This was introduced May 2, 1890; referred to met present requirements, and the site con¬ the Committee on Public Buildings, and re¬ templated at Sixth and Walnut streets will ' ported with certain amendments June 5th. answer all the demands upon the Mint tor It provided that tbe cost of the site and centuries. building, including vaults, heating and yen- —j.— -— JL * - * ■ *• ti.atlng apparatus, elevators and ap- l regular course of business the bill could proaches complete, should not exceed no . have been reached. But two ways were the sum of $2,000,000. To these condi¬ open for Its passage. One was to obtain tions, which were prescribed In the first unanimous consent for Its consideration; paragraph of the bill, the following the other to pass it under suspension Important clause was added: “Which said of the rules. The first was Impossible sum of $2,000,000 Is hereby appropriated lor and the second was dangerous, as a said purpose out of any moneys In the vote of two-thirds was necessary. Dur¬ United States Treasury not otherwise ap¬ ing the last six days of the session propriated.” The committee struck out motions may be made to suspend the rules, these words and also the words “by this and General Bingham was recognized for act ’ ’ In the fourth paragraph. This action this purpose by Speaker Reed. The New of .he committee Is important in connection York people had pending a bill for the sale with the passage of the Mint act at the ot the New York Custom House and the second session of the Fifty-first Congress. erection of anew building, and a combina¬ The New Mint Bill of May, 1890, In the tion was made with them to support the House. New York bill for support of the Mint bill. These words were struck out by the com¬ On the 2d of March General Bingham made mittee, not because of any disposition to the motion to suspend the rules, and, after oppose or delay the erection of a Mint at thirty minutes’ debate, the bill was passed Philadelphia, but for the reason that all by a vote of 179 to 66. With full knowledge bills for the erection of public buildings, that the appropriation had been cut out, under a rule that prevailed then, and which ! General Bingham expected he would be is still continued, should be limited to a able to get an appropriation inserted In the mere act of authorization, and that the Sundry Civil bill. In which all such appro¬ necessary appropriation should be subse¬ priations are carried, but unfortunately that quently provided in the Sundry Civil bill. bill had been sent to conference committee Then, as the bill was reported in May, 1890, and nothing further could be done at that it was confidently expected that it would get session towards getting an appropriation. through at that session, and that at the The Recommendation of the Site Com¬ coming or short session at the farthest the mission. necessary appropriation would be inserted Great disappointment was exhibited by In the Sundry Civil bill. The amended bill persons interested in the erection of a new went to the calendar, and was not acted Mint in Philadelphia when it was learned upon at that session. This explanation is that the act carried no appropriation. The important In connection with the passage of matter was appealed to the Secretary of the the bill at the next session and of the feeling Treasury and that officer referred the ques¬ of indignation which was exhibited by tion to the Attorney General, who decided many people of Philadelphia when it was that no money could be expended under the discovered the act did not carry an appro¬ terms of the bill. The elimination of the priation. words directing the appropriation, without How a Bill Without an Appropriation making corresponding corrections In the Was Carried. paragraphs following that amended, made December, January and a portion of Feb¬ the language of the act somewhat ambigu¬ ruary of the short session passed and no ous, and explains Its inharmonious and In¬ step had been taken towards reaching the consistent terms. Having struck from bill on the House calendar. Senator Cam¬ the first paragraph the words authorizing eron was applied to, and agreed to present 'the appropriation of money, the fol¬ a bill In the Senate similar to that recom¬ lowing paragraphs should have been mended by the House Committee. When corrected to correspond: The words Senator Cameron was ready to act General ••so much of said appropriation” Sherman died, and being selected to attend and “ihe balance of appropriation shall the funeral as one of a committee on the be available,” which occur in the second part of the Senate, Mr. Cameron had Sena¬ and fourth paragraphs of the act as it stands tor Spooner take charge of the matter, to-day on the statute book, are calculated and that gentleman, on February 21, to create the Impression that it contains Introduced for Mr. Cameron the bill prepared somewhere authority for the expenditure of by the latter. Mr. Spooner was a member $2,000,060 for the purpose described. But of the Committee on Public Buildings, and careful investigation by officials and others was selected by Mr. Cameron partly on that friendly to the enterprise failed to discover account. It was promptly reported by Mr. any language which would authorize an ex¬ Spooner with a favorable recommendation, penditure of money. While no money and on February 26, five days after Its In¬ could be expended under the act, nor any troduction, was called up by Mr. Cameron liability incurred on account of a new Mint, and passed without debate, Had the text the Secretary of the Treasury, believing of the House bill been departed lrom by Mr. that Congress intended to erect a building Cameron in the preparation of his measure at 1 hlladelphla, and would provide the it would not have passed the Senate; In¬ necessary money at the coming session, de¬ deed, it might have been refused considera¬ termined to do what could with safety tion at that late day, as the appropriation be done in the direction of promoting bills were pending and only a week of the the enterprise authorized by the act. session remained. As it was, unanimous com Accordingly he requested a number of sent was obtained only with a distinct under¬ well-known gentlemen of Philadelphia to standing, insisted upon by Senator Allison, acta commissioners to select and recom¬ that should there be any debate the bill mend a site, and this commission recom¬ would be withdrawn, and that its consider- mended the site at Sixth, Walnut and tion should not be used as a pretext to delay (Seventh streets. It may be stated here that the consideration of the Legislative Appro¬ no a' Ion has been taken by the Secretary of priation bill, which was pending at the the T-easurv on the recommendation of the 1 time. On February 28. the bill was received comt. isslon, but as soon as the Sundry jin the House and referred to the Committee; Civil .11 is enacted It is probable he will on Public Buildings, a reference required adopt the recommendation and accept the under the rules. On the same day it was site selected. reported back with a favorable recommen¬ The Appropriation Secured in the Present dation by Mr. Darlington, ol the Chester Congress. district, and it went to the calendar. In When the present Congress convened the 6

_\4delpbla members determined to make| ii.'Sttort to secure tbe neoessary appropria¬ tion for giving lorce and effect to me act for the erection of a new Mint. With this end ^ in view, General Bingham directed his ef- , forts to securing a place in the Committee on , Aopropriatlous, and in this he wa®8UP*i ported by all nis colleagues. bucceedinQ In this an important advantage was gained, , and Bingham devoted himself to securing the insertion of the necessary paragraph In, the Sundry Civil bill. He was on the sub¬ ' BURR’S VICTIM. committee which framed tbe bill, and had a number of prominent and influential b“s'i ness men of Philadelphia visit Washington •"acts About the Residence of Alexan¬ and address the full committee on the Im¬ portance and necessity of at once, providing der Hamilton iiUpPhiiadeiphia. an appropriation to secure the site recommended by the Commission. The Secretary of the Treasury had not esti¬ ff LEXANDER Harn- mated for such an appropriation in ilton came to Phila- his annual estimates presented to Congress, Sjdelphia in the Au-] but he made up for this deficiency by gj tunm of 1790, when writing a letter to the Appropriations com¬ ^ the capital of the mittee, urging action, and the Director ol United States was the Mint also urged with great earnestness removed from New ! the required appropriation. The P*ra8JiaP York, he being then i providing ior an appropriation of $800,000, Secretary oi the in round numbers was inserted in the bill, Treasury in Wash- j but when it was taken up ia the House in ington’s cabinet, j May last Mr. Holman, backed by Messrs. Hamilton had, of; Dockery, Sayres and others ot the Appro¬ couise, been in priations Committee, made a fierce assault, Philadelphia many i upon the paragraph and succeeded by a, times before, but did not become a small majority in having it struck out by resident of tbe city, properly speaking, the Committee of the Whole. The outlook until that year. One of his first acts was to was discouraging alter this negative vote, j select, with the “approval of his wife, a but the Philadelphia members went to house at the southwest corner of Third and work determined to retrieve the loss. The Walnut streets, where the Uffion '.Insurance consideration ot the Dill was continued for Company’s building now stands, 'but then an unusually long period in the CommiUee known as 79 South Third street. Here he of the Whole, which delay was favorable to and his family dwelled for years. His the friends of the Mint, and they lost office was one square away, at the south¬ no time in improving the advantage west corner-of Third and Chestnut streets, thus presented. It is not detracting from in the first treasury building, so called, the service rendered by the four Republican used by the Government. members of the House from Philadelphia to Hamilton's official acts and records say that at this period Mr. McAleer was are matters of history and need not especially effective. He labored unceasingly be detailed. His personal career, how¬ amon" his Democratic brethren, and in this! ever, and especially those events in it field gathered sheaves which could not have which transpired in Philadelphia, have been reached by his colleagues. It may be been passed over in silence by bio¬ said with truth that without the aid ren¬ graphers and historians, notwithstanding dered by Mr. McAleer the bill would not their highly romantic character. The most have recovered from the adverse vote given remarkable of them was the affair with in Comrnitteo of the Wholo. On May 27 the Mrs. Reynolds. The statesman himself bill was completed in Committee of tbe gave a full account of it to his country in Wliole and reported to tbe House* Tbe first a pamphlet, copies of which are now not ote taken was on concurring in the to be had for money. mendmeut striking out the Mint para¬ “Sometime in the Bummer of the year graph. The roll was called, result¬ 1791be says, “a woman called at my ing in 86 yeas to 116 nays, thus disap¬ house in the city of Philadelphia, and proving the action of the Committee of the asked to speak with me in private. 1 Whole, and restoring the paragraph. Mr. attended her into a room apart from the Holman was signally defeated. His disap- family. With a seeming air of affliction polntment and chagrin were so groat that she informed [me] that * * & s; her Lusband, before the announcement of the result of the who for a long time had treated her very roll call he changed his vote from aye to no, cruelly, had lately left her to live with and moved a reconsideration. Bingham another woman and in so destitute a condi¬ and McAleer sprang into the space in front tion that, though desirous of returning to of the Clerk’s desk, and, at the same time, her friends, she had not the means—that, moved to lay Holman’s motion on the table. knowing I was a citizen of New York, she The latter motion was carried by yeas 109, had taken the liberty to apply to my nays 80. This secured the appropriation in humanitv for assistance. the House, and, as the Senate has acted “I replied that her situation was a very affirmatively upon tne paragraph, the ap¬ interesting one—that I was disposed to propriation for the erection of a new Mint afford her assistance to convey her to her at Philadelphia is secured. Jf. M. C. , friends, but this, at the moment, not being convenient to me(whien was the fact), I must request tbe place of her residence, to which I should bring or send a small supply of money. She told me tbe street and number of the bouse where she lodged. In the evening 1 put a bank bill in my pocket and went to the hou^. I inquired I se or hear from you to-day he will wri- for Mrs."Reynolds and Was shown up stairs, to Mrs. Hamilton he has just gone oute and at the head ot' which she met me and con 1 am a Lone I think you bad beter come ducted me into her bad room. J took the here one moment that you May know the bill out of my pocket and gave it to her. Cause then you will the beter know how Some conversation ensued, from which it to act oh my God I feel more for you than was quickly apparent that other than pecu¬ myself and wish I had never been born to niary consolation would be acceptable. give you so much unhappiness do not rite “After this t had frequent meetings with I to him no not a Line but come here soon her. most of them at my own house; Mrs. do not send or leave anything in his Hamilton, with her children, being absent on a visit to her father. ’ ! PThe'violent Reynolds wrote more letters in As the. affair went on it transpired, or so the course of the week, stating that he bad Mrs. Reynolds told Hamilton, that her “wade every Surcomstance, and the only husband'was seeking a reconciliation, the way for Hamilton to right the “rong done statesman advised her to listen favorably him was to give him an office. This was to Reynolds’ overtures. To use the great refused. Then $1000 demanded It was roan’s own words: “the intercourse with paid in two installments, ibe last in Jan- Mrs. Reynolds, in the meantime, continued, and though various reflections * * w * in¬ U£Hamilton seems to have thought the duced me to wish a cessation of it. yet her affair over and done with until he received j a letter from Reynolds inviting him to call conduct made it extremely difficult to disen¬ upon “Maria.” No attention was paid to tangle myself. All the appearances of it Then the lady wrote, saying that un¬ violent attachment and of agonizing dis¬ less Hamilton came her heart would tress at the idea of a relinquishment were I “burst with greef.” Whereupon be went. played off with a most imposing art * * ; My Then, as Mr. barton says in his biograpny sensibility, perhaps my vanity, admitted; of Thomas Jefferson, the husband sent in the possibility of a real fondness and led i his bill. Hamilton was a poor man and he me to adopt the plan of a gradual discon¬ felt severely the pecuniary drain. tinuance rather than of a sudden inter¬ But worse remained behind. Reynolds ruption as least calculated to give pam, it a got into the habit of looking to the power¬ real partiality existed. Mrs. Reynolds, on ful secretary to extricate him out of little the other hand, employed every effort to difficulites. He started a boarding house on keep up my attention and visits. Her pen i Vine Street, one door from the corner of was freely employed and her letters were Fifth and requested Hamilton to help Dim filled with those tender and pathetic, effu¬ j furnish it. Finally Reynolds got m jail sions which would have been natural to a for a swindling operation. Abandoned by woman truly fond and neglected. ’ ! Hamilton and unable to extricate himselt On one cold December day in the year | in any other way, he wrote to the becre- 1791, the Secretary of the United States Treas¬ ! tarv’s political' enemies, charging him ury was visited at his office by a greasy with malfeasances, and was able to show individual who presented him with a letters which proved that some con- smeared and blotted letter, signed James reaction or other existed between himself Reynolds, and which said, among other : and the illustrious man who had touched things: “I dicovered whenever I came lithe corpse of the public credit and made it into the house,after being out I found Mrs. j spring ioto life.” The matter was brought Reynolds weeping I asked her the cause ot I to the notice cf Congress and ope day a being so unhappy. She always told me committee,headed b; Representative (after¬ that she had bin Reding, and she could ward President) James Monroe,of Virginia, not help crying when she Red any thing waited upon Hamilton forpn explanation. that was afecting.but seeing her repeatedly Out of ihis disgusting dilemma there was in the setevatiou gave me some f suspicion I only -one way of escape. A refusal to ex- to think that was not the cause, as fortain I plain meant impeachment,political dishonor would have it,before matters was caned to and ruin. The leader of the Federal party two great a length. I discovered a letter hade the gentlemen sit down in his library directed to you which I copied of and put and entered into a full and complete ex¬ in the place where I found it,without being planation. Then the committee went bac.c discovered by her, and then the evining I to the State House and made a report, it after. I was curious enough to watch may be presumed that another bad quarter i her, and she give a letter to a Black man of an hour was passed with Mrs. Hamilton I in Market Street, which I followed him to The next trouble was a difference with your door,after that I returned home some- Jefferson. The latter part of the year 1879 I time in the evining, and I broutched the witnessed Washington’s re-election and a i matter to her and Red the coppy to her serious dissension in the Cabinet. ihe , which she tell upon her knees and asked President earnestly requested that gentle¬ ' forgiveness and discovered everything to men be mild in giving their opinions He i me respecting the matter and ses that sne j visited Jefferson on the outskirts of the city I was unhappy, and not knowing what to cio and also Hamilton at Third and Walnut without some assistance. She called on Streets, but it was useless. The two States¬ you for the lone of some money, which men became strangers to each other. In you toald her you would call on her the 1793 Hamilton caught the yellow fever. next evining, which accordingly you did, 4fter his recovery he wanted to resign. ■ and there Sir you took the advantage « Washington tbougth of sending him to Fug- | poor Broken-hearted woman.” land as Envoy and Minister. This idea was The communication concluded with a violently opposed by Maoison, and Wash¬ vague demand for satisfaction. There is ington afterward induced Hamilton to re¬ ! reason to believe that after reading the main in the Cabinet So the wretched I lines Hamilton tried to fix his thoughts affair dragged on. Ac last, m 1*95, the upon a report to be read at the next Cabi- Secretary declared that he would hold office net, meeting. At luncheon time, upon re¬ no longer, and his resignation was sent to pairing to his house, a square away, he the President. . ... (found another letter. This was signed A grand dinner was given to Hamilton "Maria,” and read : “Mr. has wrote to you 1 before he left by the merchants of the city, this morning and I know not wether you “as a testimonial of respect for his virtues have got the letter or not and he has swore and among the guests were the Justices ot that if you do not answer it or he dose not the Supremo Court auu tne Governor ot thej tion. It has belli'h favorite State. Speeches were made and a long and cited illustrator.) and frem th illustrious career was predicted for the dis¬ names mentioned) in its pages of tinguished guest. The next time Philadelphia’s prominent guished in law and literature a cit'sens assemb.ed publicly on Hamilton’s opportunity to tbk print and autogra account was when he was shot ami killed collector to enrich its contents and in by Aaron Burr just eighty-eight years ago its size from a mpdest pair phlet of o to-day. -**„ dred and twenty pages to a noble (large paper copy) of four hundred. -/ Ho refers to those strong and accomplished lawyers, from Maryland to Massachusetts, y/ who, in the view of persons remogteq a few hundred miles, loomed very large and over¬ shadowed all others. Theophilus Parsons ll v4s and Samuel Dexter, at Boston ; Luther Mar¬ tin, at Baltimore; Richard Harrison and Alexander Hamilton, at New York; Abraham Van Vechten, at Albany, “of the old Dutch stock, who stood like a sea wall of the old country against the irruption of any bad law THEY LED THE OLD BAR' into the cases he sustained." He pays a splendid tribute to Andrew Hamilton ior his defense of John Peter Zenger, in the Supreme BINNEY ON THE GREAT LAWYERS OR Court of New York, upon an information of libel in 1734, and points out that it is worth HIS OWN TIME. remembering to the immortal h inor of this Philadelphian that he was half alcentury be¬ fore Mr. Erskine, and the declinatory act if, HIS HISTORIC PRODUCTION c'' Mt. Fox, in asserting the qght of the1. ;jury to give a general verdict in libel a3 much as in murder; and, in siite of the Tho Frnit of His Advanced Age and a Court, the jury believed bin and ac¬ quitted his client. lie gives an account of Classic in Legal Biography—His Esti¬ an exhibition of intellectual glad;ature of the mates of Edward Tilghman and A. J. brightest kind, which he himsel’ witnessed at Cambridge in 1796, between Theophilus Dallas—His Style and Humor. Parsons, as counsel for one Claf in, indicted for blasphemy under a stiff old statute of Massachusetts, and James Sullivan, the At¬ The year 1859 is an interesting one in the! torney General of the State. Mr. Parsons career of Mr. Binney. After many years of showed up some of the supposed phases of rest from his labors, broken only by the com¬ Calviuistic theology and made a speech [

position of his sketch of Mr. Justice Wash- j “ which was a glory of the bar.” Claflin was j ington, he resumed his activity as an auii'orl sentenced to sit an hour upon tho gallows I with the rope round bis neck. “Barring the [ and at the age of 7S gave to the public some i rope,” writes Mr. Binney, “I should have; of the richest fruits of his brain—an iDtel- ti been willing to sit there for two, not for j lectnal aftermath. In this year he published' blasphemy nor alongside of Claflin, but to his “ Leaders of the Old Bar of Philadelphia,” j hear a repetition of Parsons.” by which he referred to the first bar after the Declaration of Independence, men in whose The first of the Philadelphia “leaders” society he had passed his youtn and early mentioned by Mr. Binney was William manhood a d to whose example he owed I Lewis, a native of Chester county, Pa., where much of his happiness and success in life. He he was born in 1745. As Judge Peters is re¬ admitted that, but little was known of the I membered by visitors to our Park as the primitive bar of the province and believed | owner of Belmont, Mr. Lewis is remembered that all that could he known was contained ) as the owner of Strawberry Minsion. He )n the statement of Chief Justice Tilghman drove a wagon in early manhood and enjoyed in the Bush Hill case (Lyle vs. Richards, 9j but imperfect educational advantages, but Scrg. and Rawls’s Rep. p. 323), in which) forced his way by strong native bowers and 'c is paid a passing tribute to An¬ self teaching. He studied law with Nicholas Wain, an eminent Quaker, and tame to the drew Hamilton, Tench Francis and Ben-! bar before the adoption of the Constitution of jam in Chew. The diligent studies of 1776. He read law intensely and knew the later days have supplied much material that! doctrines of the common law by heart. Dur¬ was lacking to the hand of Mr. Binney, but) ing the Revolution and for years afterwards ns he selected for delineation men with whomj ■ he was engaged in nearly all the important he had freely associated, his work, which he) cases, and particularly those of high treason, i ior which he had a special capacity. He had ! describes as “ a debt or duty to their learning at the tip of his tongue all the bitter gibes; and ability in the law,” has all the charm of j which Crown Attorneys General had in times I- cotemporaneous biography. The years which of oppression spit into the faces of prisoners, embraced their careers were full of judicial! and used them with effect in securing ver¬ independence and dignity, full of professional | j dicts of acquittal. He was a man of great in¬ honor, with unlimited public respect. The! tellect and of a strong grasp of mind, and explored the fields of common, constitutional, work attracted the attention of Sir John Cole-! international, commercial and maritime law, ridge, who reviewed it in terms of admira-1 and was a particular master of the doctrine of pleading in the old sense. He was a Fed-1 9

case ot Gibson vs. tuo insurance Company •aiist in politics ana much interested iu the' J (1 Binney’s Reports, 405), Mr. Tilghman in¬ abolition of slavery within the State of Penn¬ sisted that he should be retain'd alone: sylvania. j “Put it on his own shoulders, ana make him For a short time he hold the position of carry it. It will do him good.” United States District Judge. He was coun¬ sel for Albert Gallatin in the contest for his : The third of the “ leaders,” and the last seat as a Senator of the United States and de¬ one written of by Mr. Binney—though he feated an effort to impeach Chief Justice Mc¬ Kean for fining aud imprisoning Colonel Os¬ 'mentions the elder William Rawle, and A. J. wald for a contempt of court in the columns !Dallas, the reporter, as occupying front seats of a newspaper. He boldly faced the eccentric at the bar in the early part of the present and irascible Mr. Justice Chase, of the Su¬ century—was Jared lugersoll, “ mv learned preme Court of the United States, upon the master in the law.” Mr. Binney writes: "In trial of John Fries for treason, and declined to act in bchalt of the prisoner because the his full vigor, which continued for nearly court had prejudged the law. He smoked in twenty years after the year 1797, I regard court, in the court library, in bis office, in him as having been without comparison the the street and in bed, and “ be would have most efficient manager of an important, jury smoked in church, like Knockdunder in the trial among all the able men who were then ‘Heart of Midlothian,’if he had ever gone [at the bar of Philadelphia.” there.” His last cause was in 1819, to which He was a native Connecticut, and was horn Chief Justice Tilgkmau was a party, and in at New Haven in 1750. His father, of the which Mr. Binney was his oppoc nt. same name, was a distinguished lawyer, and the agent of England, and became odious as The second “leader” mentioned by Mr, one of the stamp collectors duriug the famous Binney was Edward Tilghman. a cousin of struggle during the colonies against the stamp Chief Justice Tilghman, and by many act in 1765. Mr. Binney gives an interesting thought to be the greatest lawyer who has and graphic account of a vain effort on his part to enforce the law, and of a bloodl" s ever appeared at the Philadelphia, bar—cer¬ [ illustiutiou of lynch law. He also mentions tainly his reputation was unrivaled in the I the mwnorable fact that it is to'his pen—he field of real estate at a time when it required f, i being at that time in the gallery of the House a profound knowledge of the intricacies of of Commons—that we owe the report of Col¬ tenures and limitations and common recov¬ onel Barro’s eloquent reply to Charles Totvn- eries. Though born in Maryland iu 1750, he !shond, which is familiar to every school boy. was educated in Philadelphia and read law' principally in the Middle Temple, where he Mr. Iagersoll, the son, went to London in was entered as a student in 1771, and became 1774 to finish his law education and after his an assiduous attendant upon the courts at 1 return was induced by Joseph Reed, a friend Westminster Hall, where he took notes of of his father, and then receutly elected a the arguments before Lord Apsley and Lord nn mber of the Supreme Executive Council of Mansfield. He pursued liis studies in the old-fashioned way and thus acquired “not i Pennsylvania, to remove to Philadelphia in only great learning, hut the most accurate 1778, where he was admitted to the bar in legal judgment of any man of his day. No i the following year. He served as an assist¬ one of his eotemporaries would have felt in¬ ant of the Attorney General iu the matter of jured by his receiving this praise, He could the Proprietary estates of the Penns, which untie the knots of a contingent remainder or & became vested in the Commonwealth by the executory devise as familiarly as he could his well-known Act of Confiscation. After eight garter.” He bad thoroughly grasped the years’ service at the bar he became suffi- higher mathematics of the law and the whole Sfi ciently prominent to be elected a member of domain lav at his feet. His favorite author • ; the Federal Convention which framed the was Fearne. He was an advocate of great :r Constitution of the United States, and though powers, a master of every question, a wary taking but a modest and uninfluential part tactician, a faultless logician, accomplished jin the debates, enjoyed the rare distinction of in language, concise and perspicuous. I beiDg one of tho^e who actually signed that !instrument. His conduct is sharply con- Ho was witty, frank and honorable. lie tvasted by Mr. Binney with that of Edmuud aided the Judges iu determining the difficult “ 'Randolph and George Mason, of Virginia, questions involved in Finlay’s lessee vs. 1 and Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, who Riddlo (3 Binney’s Reports, 139), and helped distinctly refused to sign. Three years later Judge Brackinridge in what he called “the he became the first Attorney General of tho State under the Constitution of 1790 and held pinch of the case.” He argued the ease of | the office, by Governor Mifflin’s appointment, Newlin vs. Nevvlin (1 Sergeant & Rawle’sj (for nine years, resuming it again in 1808 and Reports, 275), which assorted tho right of a holding it until 1818. For a short time lie married woman to dispose of her separate ! was President of the District Court of Phila¬ trust estate, unless restrained by the deed of delphia. These were the only offices which trust, a case which was subsequently over¬ he permitted to draw him away from private ruled in Lancaster vs. Dolan (1 Rawle, 231), j practice. greatly to Mr. Binuey’s regret, who declared that “Chief Justice Gibson was never less He was remarkable for what Mr. Binney sure-footed than when the shadow of his has termed a distinction between the active predecessor fell upon his path.” With juries) and passive state of the mind, or the warm Mr. Tilghman was nearly irresistible. Hel and cold state. In the latter his faculties talked to the panel as if he were oue of them, and while never condescending to pro¬ and his knowledge seemed to sleep. “The pitiate a prejudice, "he would laugh at it, law which he had read and the facts of vari¬ and sometimes give it a touch of the whip.” ous kinds which he had collected seemed to To Mr. Tilghman Mr. Binney was peculiarly have sunk in and disappeared, so as not to be indebted. “ He launched me iu my profes¬ legible, for the time, even to himself. In the sion,” he writes, and then relates how in the state of excitement his mind woke up uncertain flame. The lives of our Chjef Jus-1 immediate energy, and the required •fices are unrecorded. The judicial history of nlties sprang to their appropriate work as Pennsylvania is still unwritten. William M. Meredith, John Cad walader, St. George Tucker , th>ey were new born and not merely re¬ Campbell, George M. Wharton and Eli K.. freshed by repose.” When he arose to ad¬ Price are but rarely whispered names. The dress a jury no lawyer could bo better pre¬ night is now settling fast upon those memo¬ pared with a knowledge of the facts and of ries which go back to their meridian, or even tho law that bore on them. No stratagem I to their declining sun. “It must be profit¬ could mislead him. His eyes were open and able”—such is the solemn assertion of Mr. his spirit alert. He was never caught in a | Binney—“it must be profitable to lawyers of blunder. He was infallible in statement, and virtuous aspiration toreca’l their predecessors j fastened upon his adversaries with the graspl of distinguished name, and to corroborate oi death. He never made admissions or eon-; their own virtue and influence at this day by cessions and warned younger meu of their i examples from the old ‘good behavior’ bar of danger. Yet he was fair and honorable. He Philadelphia,” was facile, plausible and quick in drawing] Hampton L. Cakson, distinctions whenever pressed by difficulties. His oratory was of a high c der. clear, earn-] est. logical and always on the wing, though never rising to the loftiest flighls. He was! always self-controlled; “never did his voice; bray, nor his arm lash the air, nor his foot I explode on the floor.” He was eminently j successful. “I knew him to gain all his] causes, and they were many, at a long ses¬ sion held by Judge Washington, and when I reminded him of it he said: “Yes, I have! had good luck.” To this Mr. Binney adds, •in the words of Dr. Franklin, he united all the requisites to success, "a good cause, a! MARSflLL’S WALK. good lawyer, a good jury, a good Judge and good luck.” A GREAT EVENT IN THE EARLY One and all of these “leaders,” says Mr. Binney, would have been regarded as able; COLONIAL DAYS. men in Westminster Hall. More than one of them would have stood at the height of that j A Tratnp of 117 Miles Through the Wil¬ bar. Their superiors did not show them- I derness to Determine the Northern! selves in any part of the land. Boundary cf an Indian Grant. In closing his pamphlet Mr. Binney in j pointed terms laments the indifference oft

j Philadelphia to the great talents of her lead-; [PREPARED FOR THE PUBLIC LEDGER. ] I 'ing citizens. “She is wanting in civic per¬ In the early days of the last century, now t sonality. or what is perhaps a better phrase growing so misty with the haze of legendry, for the thought, the family unity or identity. when in 1752 Thomas Peun again visited his She does not take, and she never has taken, ; grants in Pennsylvania, It was found that a satisfaction iu habitually honoring her dis- l great purchase of land made from the Chief-' tinguished men as her men, as men of her; tain Teedyuscung and his advisers had own family. She has never done it in the never been completed, because of the failure face of the world as Charleston has done it, to ascertain where would fall the northern as Richmond has done it. as Baltimore has boundary. By one of those odu barters, done it, as New York has done it, or, at least, which seem to have ever exercised the in¬ did it in former times, and as Boston did it, I genuity of our early settlers, it had. been j has done it and will do it forever. She is ! agreed that this boundary should be along! more indifferent to her sous than she is to ] an east and west Hue to be drawn through a ] strangers, and this may perhaps be tho rea¬ point to be ascertained by a walkiug con¬ test. This walk, to the winner of which £5 son why other parts of the State so much in cash and 500 acres of land were oiiered, more readily advance their own men to pub¬ was to start at a chestnut tree which then lic office and distinction.” The cause he at¬ stood near where is now located the Penn¬ tributes to her Quaker origin. “It is cer¬ sylvania Railroad Station in Bristol. From I tainly in harmony with it, to put nothing there a way had been laid out by surveyors; more striking than a drab-colored dress upou which it was believed would be considerably the men who have done their best for her.” in excess of the best achievements possible. There is truth in this, which all who read This ied through what is now a choice part} should ponder. Although no vainglorious of “Old Bucks,” but what was then for the ] spirit should be encouraged, yet it would help I most part a howling wilderness given the community to give such recognition to its over to the red men, the panther and bear really able men as to stimulate them to more and deer—a region lit to gladden the heart active endeavor, to enlarge their powers, and of the hunter and to send terror to the . secure a due share of consideration from the timid. country at large. “Even first-rate talents re¬ There were three doughty woodsmen who j quire the occasional dew of public sympathy volunteered for this contest—James Yeates, [ and praise.” Solomon Jennings and Edward Marshall. Of these, Yeates and Marshall were natives ' What Mr. Binney did to avert the fate of i of Bucks county, while Jennings was a New! Englander., Yeates has been described by a oblivion from the memories of these once re¬ chronicler of that day as «*tall, slim, of nowned leaders has been in a measure for-! much ability and speed of foot.” He ap-| gotten. The spirit which animated him has ! pears to have been what to modern athletics been permitted to perish—or if some sparks] is known as a “sprinter, ” as he proved to be laoklng in staying power. Jennings was still survive they burn with but a fitful and] back.” After him, nut so iar behind, as to be out of sight, down a straight stretch in 1 In the end, lar outdid Yeates. But Marshall the road, came Jennlugs, with a strong, was the phenomenon, whose unequalled resolute, steady step. To-day, were this : feat was to come down iir history under the scene to be duplicated, the familiarity that name of “Marshall’s Walk,” and of which most of us have acquired with amateur ath¬ the inhabitants of Monroe county tell In letics would enable us to see at a glance wonder even to this day. He was long before that, of these two, Yeates was springing for¬ this time known far and wide as a mighty ward to early defeat, while Jennings was hunter, a lamous chain carrier, and the chief- master of the situation. To Marshall, est of woodsmen In all the country round. His far behind the others, coming on with a height alone, 6 feet i inches, was of itself regular stride, which appeared rather Indo¬ sufficient to mark him as a .Nimrod wher¬ lent when his great size was taken into con¬ ever be was seen, and those who were ac¬ sideration, the crowd gave little heed. quainted with his powers of endurance and Munching a dry biscuit, of which he his dauntless will were confident of his bad a small supply In a hunter’s bag ’ ability to win. But we cau readily under¬ slung over his shoulder, and easily swing¬ stand that with those to whom he was un- ing a hatchet from one hand to the other, ;kuown this “large, heavy-set, strong-boned in an attempt thus to balance the action of man” seemed too ungainly and, perhaps, his legs, as he afterward said, he came awkward looking to win against the lithe stalking along the veriest picture of cool and active Yeates or th@ athletic looking indifference. Yet-it was but ten miles ! Jennings. lurtber on that he overtook the sprightly, The Start. dashing Yeates sitting, a worn and discon¬ Here, at the Bristol chestnut tree, on a solate victim of the folly of spurting in the clear, warm summer day, a great coucourse I beginning of a contest of endurance, on a of people were drawn together at suDrlse, uot log by the side of Durham creek. So over¬ only to witness the start of this memorable come was he, a-nd disheartened by being walk, but as well to see and perhaps converse passed by Jennings and Marshall, that he 1 with the august proprietor, the Hon. Thomas there gave up the race, and some time after | Penn, who, with a goodly retinue, was there was taken out of the creek, where he had to accompany the walkers, at least lor a por- rolled in his exhaustion, entirely blind and jtion of their tiresome journey. Promptly at completely broken down. sunrise the three men were started out on Across the Lehigh. ; the road that led them through where Lang- The Lehigh river had almost been reached horne now stands, out and near to Newtown, before Marshall’s steady, swinging stride, j to (he east of Doylestown, but far west of the which seemed hour by hour to gradually In¬ sleepy borough of New Hope, well to the west crease in force, enabled him to overtake 1 of Carversville and eastward of Quaker- Jennings. When he did so it was at such a I town and Coopersburg, through Hellertown gait, and the biscuit munching and hatchet to the Behlgh river’s banks, where now swinging Were going on in so calm a man¬ Bethlehem’s furnaces crowd one another. ner, that Jennings was at once impressed These places now only separated by fertile with the hopelessness of his task and sat fields well tilled, with only here and there , him down by the river bank a vanquished a meagre patch of woodland, and connected man. Marshall, having waded the Lehigh, by a net wo rk of roadways, had in that day must then have been aware that he need fear no such place, even in the fondest Ira- , maginatiou of the most hopeful settlers, as no further competition from his exhausted rivals, and must have then realized that they n^w occupy. Most ot these now thriv¬ ing towns had not been dreamed of; where the £5 and the 600 acres were his. Whether they now stand was unbounded and track- » j he was Impelled by his innate hatred of the 'less forest; even Bethlehem, which has re¬ Indians or by his loyalty to Proprietor Penn cently celebrated its 150th anniversary with to place the northern boundary as far from such gusto, was then a minus quantity by that Bristol chestnut tree as possible it is now nearly a decade. \ impossible to say. But, whatever tbe mo¬ Bather more than twenty miles from the tive, crossing the Lehigh, with tbe Wind starting point a motley group were collected Gay yet many miles away, seemed but to act to see the walkers pass by. Here, side by as au incentive, and be pressed forward side, stood the sturdy Dutchman and the from this point with increased energy. plain garbed Quaker, the thrifty Swede and ! Along the surveyed route, by where now the frowning fndian. Well might the lat- stand Nazareth and Bath, with Wyalusing ter look on dark-browed; to them the won¬ Mountain and the site on which now stands derful powers of Marshall were well known, charming Paxluoso Inn, far to his right, he and they this early In the day saw that by hastened until the end of the surveyed route his endurance they were likely to have to was reached. No one had believed that It deed to the white a iar greater tract of land would by any means be possible for a pe than Teedyuscuug and his braves had destrlan to reach this extreme point, yet so counted on. Ail the more were they morose early in the afternoon was it when Mar¬ because with many of them it was a matter shall reached this limit, where a few watch¬ ers were congregated, that he deemed it j In dispute whether these chieftains had the right to thus partition off the land. But worth while to press on through the Gap j in that gathering, or in any of those which into the wilderness, and thus place that j at intervals were assembled along the sur- - northern line far beyond tbe hopes of the j veyed route, there was none of their num¬ most sanguine. So, hastily grasping ber who dreamed of the great distance that a pocket compass irom the sur¬ this Intrepid gtact was about to cover, or it veyor, and listening as he strode on to a lew words of guidance from Is more than likely there would have been some one or more of their num¬ one who knew a little of the trackless forest ber to waylay him at some ahead of him, he resolutely kept ou north¬ ward and ever northward. From here three sequestered spot and bring his athletic Indians were sent witli him to see that he career to a sudden termination. But, if he j felt any fear of this, therg was no outward “walked fair;” i. e., that no other aid sign of it, for unconcern and easy self-confi- 1 than his own sturdy legs was called upon to • denee was shown in every step ne took, a t assist him. But to one acquainted with the l this point Yeates was far in advance, “step¬ nature of the yet remaining lorests in Mon- j ping light as a feather, with Thomas Penn roe and Pike counties it is hard to imagine | and attendants accompanying hitn on horse- how in that day anything conld have been j ■

Iron and thrusFtt down the wretched man’ ' service to mm. i\o mfiu iu an tuat coun- jry round could take his place; no oilier throat, killing him instantly. Ix-looter, with lour inches added, was In another one of his walks, but In wbatj there to pass himself off as the ••giant Bucks - direction is now unfortunately not known, j county man” at the finish. And It would Marshall did even better than by the onsi scetn. If there had been such a one to vol¬ which made him famous. From that he re¬ unteer, he must have been a “hustler” to turned ladeo with silver ore: and for yeara have done as well; for those three ludians altervrards, it is said, it was his custom to I have left as testimony that it was with the disappear lor a day or two and return heav¬ greatest difficulty that they kept this won- ily laden with the precious stuff. Whether dorful record maker in sight, fresh as they his death was so sudden as to afford him no I were and as accusloir.ed to these forests. chance to reveal its locality, or whether | written evidence thereof was lelt behind,butt Beyond the Limits. overlooked by his heirs, is not now known. Through the wilderness, full of con¬ But certain it is that the source of a supply flicting streams, morasses and lakes as which had rendered him and his children' It Is. Marshall kept his Way almost due s affluent, as such mutters were reckoned in northward until he began to seo “old Po- his day, was never divulged by him, and cono” ahead of him. Then the mountain the knowledge of its whereabouts left thaj caused him to deflect eastward, passing near to where the little village of Tanners- world with him. That it could not havej vllle now nestles in the hills, close to the been over 20 miles lrom Erwiiina is certain {I lrowuing cliffs of Pocono’s eastern end, on that It has never been rediscovered is until the depths of Still Water were 8 equally sure. (reached. Here, having accomplished the As I write these lines the shot gun carried unrivaled task of walking between 110 and by this mighty Nimrod Is at my elbow.Thla 120 miles, much of the way guided through relic of a long gone age Is 5 (eet 2 inches long, almost trackless forests only by the is an old-fashioned flint-lock weapon, with “blazlngs” of the surveyor, and what has been a handsomely finished wal¬ much of the latter part through au unex¬ nut stock and engraved brass trimmings. plored wilderness, at last he rested. Owing It should be in the rooms of the Historicall to the necessary deviousness ot his course, it Society in Philadelphia. It now belongs ta was impossible in that day, previous to the great-grandchildren of Marshall, wba pedometers, to measure his walk with ex¬ reside on the New Jersey banks of the Dela- actitude, but It Is certain that it exceeded ; ware, nearly opposite the island, sort the 110 mile mark, and came nearer to the sometimes palled Stover’s Island, where 120; it is usually stated as “117 miles made Marshall lived so long. They are also la from sun to sun. ” When the nature of the possession of an old cradle, a wonderful territory traversed is considered it seems structure, made by Marshall, and to them likely that “Marshall’s walk” yet remains, I am indebted for many of the facts herein! and is llkel3r lo remain, a record for a cross¬ contained. E. M. A. j country event for the Eastern United States, if not lor the entire country as well. Edward Marshall very wisely, as it will seem to those who know the region, chose his 500 acres of land lrom the Delaware river region comprised within Tinicum town¬ ship, Bucks county, which lies nearly op¬ posite Erenchtoivn, IS. J., and about 32 miles above the city of Trenton, There, on Marshall’s Island, a beautiful wooded stretch in the Delaware, opposite the little hamlet of Erwinna, Pa., Marshall lived and , died. Though.Yeates survived his efforts ‘ for first place on this memorable tramp but three days and Jennings was never after a well man and died in a lew years, Marshall lived to the age of 90 years, having been the father of23 children by two wives, AS his death he was burled in the old grave-yard Vernon Park Rich in Natural Beauty : about a mile west of Erwinna, and hia grave, 'pearly ten feet long, Is still pointed out as a witness to his great height. and Neglected Art. Marshall's Career. By this wonderful performance Marshall I won not only the cash and the 500 acres, but he became possessed o! the undying hatred YINECLAD WILLS AND OLD TREES of the Indians as well. And this was in a day when Indian enmity meant hereabouts just uitout what It does yet in some of our Western territory. After they had killed John. WIstor’s Old Garden Spot In his first wife and dangerously wounded ona of his daughters Marshall took up the gaga Germantown to Be a Popular ol battle, and ever after Ills hand was lilted | against the red man. In his latter days ha Betreat\ Where the Pub¬ was wont lo say, with a great show of very lic May Best. natural pride, that he had killed about 10(1 deer in tils time, and then he would add, with a chuckle of satisfaction, “and about half as many Indians. ” An illustration ol An, old/family estate fallen into decay, his Implacable hatred for the redskins was pathetic m its ruins, is Vernon Park.! given years after the death of his wile at Germantown's new pleasure ground: a I their hands, when he was working one day dilapidated ^country home bearing unniis- in a neighbor’s blacksmith shop. An In¬ takeable witness still to its surpassing! dian approached him and began to describa beauty in the good old days when festivity hOw his wife was slain, when, without1 and cheer rang through the green boughs! warning, Marshall seized a red-hot rod ol -.181 and old-Ifls'EipnecI,’ -genial hospitality spread their branches farther abroad. lit up the great mansion with its lordly On* by one the children passed away or air, now crumbling in the midst of the departed from the old homestead,till only Droad acres. Mistress Ann was left. She was dearly Here old John Wister lived and died fond of the pigeons and flowers, hut five like ap,®.Id-fashioned country gentleman [years ago she died, too, and since then early'this century, and here, until phe old place, though tenanted, has boon five years’ago, his sons and daughters lived practically deserted. The pigeons have pfter him. Eight goodly acres, spreading flown away. The flower beds have grown to north and south, thickly planted with noble trees, which yielded grateful shade, comprised this quiet, delightful domain, the solitude of which was scarcely broken by the breezes cnurmuripg amid the pines and.hemlocks or the little spring trick¬ ling and humbling down among the wil¬ lows and-the cypress trees. As the sun traveled each day across the grove, his Wakening,beams greeted the Parthenonic front of the then imposing country man¬ sion, pestled in the very centre of the host of trees, and shone brightly on the mar¬ ble stepsfand the white plaster marble fa¬ cade.jtfTWo giant pine trees stood like sen-

1. u-r.CkM... | ' •

tinels upon either side of the stately wild. The glass panes in the hothouse dwelling, with its spacious lawn in the have all cracked beneath the sunlight foreground. Beyond, to the south, the Pnd hail. Poison ivy has invaded the doves were hovering over the large red- Id-time Paradise and coiled like a snake bordered pigeon house, overtopped by the around the gnarled trunks of the big drooping branches of a lofty silver maple; rees. Lightning has leveled some of behind was the orchard, with plum, he giants of the grove. All has been peach and pear trees in flower, promising ;oing to rai,n, and almost everything is many baskets of fine fruit; and along the in desolate unrepair. 1 north jan a narrow gulley overtangled | with shrubbery. renovating the place. Stable, tin shop,church, Workingman’s VINES AND FLGWEBS. Club and stores have grown up around ,i Creeping vines and ivy climbed and the ancient park, and the citizens of ! sprawled over the walls of the mansion Germantown have been wise in their ! ferns breathed sweet beside the porch. forethought in converting it into a breath¬ I An oyster shell drive led up from the ing spot for the city. The neighboring toutheasfc gate, near Chelten avenue on community has raised $20,000; the city of jitfaip street, and a garden walk, lined Philadelphia will pay all beyond that )-with flowers,circled the entire grove, save which the present jury may assess. Jos¬ j the pasture lot at the rear, fronting on eph Mearns, formerly gardener for Mrs. Green street. An immense hothouse stood Benjamin P.Wilson, of Germantown, has llhear tjie orchard, while northeast of the .'[house nestled a summer arbor overgrown been appointed superintendent, and is with honeysuokle. busy clearing up and renovating the Old John Wister loved his country beautiful old place. |place, and beautified it with all kinds The Park is remarkable for the variety :of trees. Many were planted under his and growth of its trees. An enormous own eye, until to-day there are nearly Tree casts Its shade over the gate entrance!’'- 60 varieties flourishing within the park. Two people could not- encircle its' huge [John‘died, but his trees remained and girth with their four arms. Tramping , ' !.--V- V •

W/0;'M

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lip tlie old pine-boarded path of splin¬ nolia trees abound amid many other va tered oyster shells, thi tallest tree in the . rieties. Parle is beheld, a spleidid drooping sil¬ THE FIRST MAGNOLIA. ver maple, towering like a Biobdjgnaginn The magnolias are handsome specimens libove the pigeon house, and lifting itself of their species, and one of them is fa¬ as high as the proud spire of the Presby¬ mous as the first magnolia to be brought] terian church on the [ other • side of the North and planted. The seedlings were! fence. Aged pines and hemlocks, wide- carried all the way from the South in a branched weeping willows, cypress, rho¬ saddle bag. Its leaves measure 15 inchesi dodendron, walnut, sycamore, maple, its flowers 18. A sprout has grown j beech, ash, oak, cedar, chestnut, rare root of this historic old tree, j yellow wood, Japan blackberry,dogwood, h Carolina paw-paws are like-1 holly, copper beech, paw-paw and mag¬

■e«: 1-i • J wise rare trees, and the Trolly trees are seldom seen. The dogwoods and copper beeches are extremely handsome. All of We have now reviewed the leading events ! these old trees have flonrisliedon the soil, in Mr. Binney’s long career; but few inci¬ j but lightning has stripped a furrow in dents remain to be noted. In 1852, upon the the old magnolia. 1 Virginia creeper and honeysuckle occasion of the one hundfedth anniversary of i thatch the summer house now, and fra¬ the incorporation of the Philadelphia Contri- grant sweet jasmine creeps up one corner butioushiD for the Insurance of Houses from of the porch. Rich English ivy has clam¬ Loss by Fire, a company whose habit it had bered all over the crumbling exterior of jtbe old two-story mansion, with its gable been to attach to the exterior of buildings in¬ roof and cupola window peeping out sured by it a metal casting of the device of a toward the east. Plants are tumbling in¬ hand clasped in a band, he delivered an ad¬ to the upper windows, where lean spiders, dress upon the history of fire insurance and j undisputed lords of the premises, have upon the principles adopted by that associa¬ spunTheir summer webs” The plister has tion. On the 22d of February, 1860, in re¬ cracked and revealed the rough sandstone beneath. The blue blinds, opened at sponse to an invitation of the City Councils, last to the sunlight, are loosely hung. he read before those bodies, assembled^in Inside the floors are cracked, the pale joint meeting, Washington’s farewell address. blue and drab paper is falling from the Although he was then 80 years of age his wa.ls and ceiling, and the old abandoned stoves are red with rust. voice, always rich and powerful, was firm and expressive. We are told that when be GLORY OF THE PAST. concluded silence onsued in the chamber, the Nevertheless, an air of past glory and audience evidently expecting some remarks grandeur still lingers about the old man¬ from him. He was much affected and, after sion, and when restored in its antique pausing awhile, he said : “And thus closes style it will possess a tender and roman¬ tic chann. Passing through the orna¬ the noblest compendium of fatherly affection, mental doorway arched and'pillaied with patriotism and political wisdom the world white panneled doors one finds himself has ever seen. No words of mine are fit to in the spacious hallway. An antique stand beside it.” hanging lamp adorned with fantastic drag¬ ons is overhead. Faded brown paper cov- Although Mr. Binney was not in any ag¬ els. the walls above the blue-bordered wainscoting. White curving bannisters gressive sense a public-spirited reformer, ascend from the open hall. Parlors are being restrained, if not hampered, by an in¬ on each side. tensely conservative temperament, strength¬ In these rooms walnut and iron brackets ened by reverence, largely the result of profes¬ and walnut desks are built in the wall. sional habit, for things which were the rime On these last were found two old ledgers one of _ 1818 and one of 1789. Tim wall of age, yet he did at times sustain, by sym¬ paper is pale blue. The open fireplaces pathy and counsel, men of more ardent and are surmounted by decorated jnanteis of expressive zeal for the common good. He | carved wood. These mantels ore notably favored the consolidation of the outlying beautiful specimens of the carvers art. districts iu the county with the city of Phila¬ The whole style of the dwelling carries delphia, as tending to promote good order one back to the rococo period. Charles Wister, who was born here in and correct subsisting abnses. He did more Vernon Park 80 years ago, is still living on than any other one man to induce the late Hancock street, Germantown. Eli K. Price, as Mr. Price himself once pub¬ licly declared, to go to the State Senate for three years, to obtain, amend and protect that charter under which we were consol¬ idated as a single city—a piece of legislation which amounted to a legal refunding of the municipality, clothing it with ample powers to repress former evils and to create great works, the full extent of which are yet but dimly seen. In the most critical period of the riots of July, 1844, Mr. Binney displayed both promptness and courage. When applied to upon the instant lie wrote, currente calamo, the ringing address to the Governor, which was signed by numerous citizens, and thus HAMPTON L. CARSON REVIEWS HIS by a timely exercise of his talents and the great weight of his character rallied in a mo¬ CLOSING CAREER. ment the virtues and intelligence of the com¬ munity of all political parties to his support, and became an effective instrument in re¬ storing the supremacy of the law. Let these iHIS PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS services atone for his single lapse of public spirit, which is so often seized upon by the A Man of the Highest Probity and Pro- advocates of progress to illustrate the short¬ sightedness of great men—his opposition to fonndest Erudition—His Elevation Above the introduction of gas as an illuminator be¬ the Weaknesses of Humanity—His Pre¬ cause it would destroy the fish in the Dela¬ ware—an instance not without its parallel iu eminent Standing at the Bar. the life of England’s great Chancellor Eldon, Who opposed the building of railroads in the rural sections because, among other reasons, wiiK irratropposing-cou”. was lard on a bed the nose of passing trains might terrify thel of illnesg. Again, as we nave been told by an cows into going dry. True it is that the fish eye-witness, when defending a rich and well- have largely disappeared in both our rivers known merchant in an action on a promissory and cows still go dry in fields bisected by note and an attempt to establish a set off had rails. Let the logicians of the next century failed, Mr. Binney rose and, facing tbe’bench, determine the relation of cause and effect said in a tone of withering scorn and con¬ while the wiseacres of to-day smile at the tempt: “My client commands me to plead vagaries of famous lawyers. the statute of limitations.” The rebuke was effective. The merchant personally with- J Mr. Binney was not a stranger to grief, al¬ drew the plea, and also withdrew his busi¬ though it spared him for many years. In ness from the lawyer whose sense of honor he deemed too mettlesome for the business! 1865 he lost his wife, and in 1870 his eldest affairs of life. son, Horace Binney, Jr., a man whom one of his cotemporaries describes as a lawyer of Such was the character of Mr. Binney; hut pre-eminent mental and moral culture, sound-, the portraiture would be incomplete were we ness of judgment, refinement of address, to pass over certain traits which give shadow goodness of heart, and all that adorns and to the picture. They were “ mere spots upon ennobles human nature. The father and son the sun,” as Lord Kenyon said, when speak¬ had been close companions, and had fora ing of the infirmities of his favorite, Mr. long period corresponded in a weekly or Erskine. Mr. Binney was cold, reserved, un¬ semi-weekly exchange of letters. This final sympathetic. He had none of the genial stroke fell upon Mr. Binney in his 90th year. warmth of Mr. Sergeant, the magnetism of He met it with resignation and fortitude. Mr. Choate, or the impulsive or generous ar¬ He was one of the originators of the Acad¬ dor of Mr. Wirt. He never threw himsellj into the arena as the champion of injured in¬ emy of the Fine Arts and was early connected ; nocence because of mere passion wrought in with the Horticultural Society. He was a him by the narration of suffering. His intel-, member of the , the Amer- [ lect dominated all his acts; his judgment, ican Philosophical Society and the Ap¬ cold, clear and luminous as a glacier, towered! prentices’ Library Company, over which he above the steaming mists which enveloped | presided for many years. He was a director I the struggling masses, and checked the of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf: growth of those flowers which men of glow¬ ing, if imprudent, generosity of temperament, and Dumb, was actively interested in savings , scatter about them with lavish bauds in the institutions and. all agencies adapted to pro¬ long course of an active career at the bar. He mote thrift and comfort, as well as the benev¬ never abandoned for an instant his intel¬ olent enterprises of the church. He was a lectual mastery of a problem. Feeling1 devout believer in Christianity, and a mem-, had no share in the composition of his judg¬ her of the Protestant Episcopal Church, dis- ments. The daylight of reason was never1 tinguishiug himself in Episcopal conventions dimmed by a baser ray. The man was purely and carrying his religion into his daily life. impersonal. The lawyer was never forgetful As a talker and correspondent he was most; of his science. The hand of the legal surgeon odmirable. His mind and memory were full never trembled in response to the nervous of rich thoughts and curious facts and he; twitchings of the patient, nor were his opei’a- poured them forth most copiously. Hisreading tions preceded by the administration of anaes¬ was varied and extensive, his classical scholar¬ thetics. The legal truth, the whole truth, ship finished and accurate and his knowledge aud nothing but the truth was what he of theological literature unusual in a layman. sought, and in discovering this he never took The books which he read during the months ! counsel of the dictates of his heart. This of June aud July, immediately preceding his made him the more admirable as a lawyer, death, were “The Philosophy of Natural j while it rendered him less lovable and popu-i Theology,” an Oxford prize essay written by lar as a man. the Bev. William Johnson in confutation of Mr. Binney was also most chary in his use skepticism, and “ The Unseen Universe; or, of time. When he had listened to a com¬ Physical Speculations on a Future State.” j munication of facts, he did not care to be To his classical accomplishments iie added further intruded upon, and would plainly in¬ a knowledge of the modern languages, sev¬ dicate by his manner that he wished the in¬ eral of which he both spoke and read. He terview to end. In this he resembled Can¬ was an excellent musician, and like Chief ning.. As a creditor he was most exact, if not: Justice Gibson, beguiled heavy hours with exacting. Punctual and accurate in all his the violin. The late Mr. Sully, the artist, a own engagements, he expected others to he most competent judge, declared that he was so also, and tolerated no excuses. In esti-j the best amateur performer upon the flute he mating the merits of some of his cotempora¬ had ever known. He sang, too, most ad¬ ries he was somewhat obtuse. He never! mirably, although but seldom heard. fully recognized the surpassing greatness ofj In the court room, to Judges, he was cour¬ Chief Justice Gibson as a Judge, and pre-j teous without servility, and firmly resisted ferred his predecessor Tilghman, who could! suggestions incompatible with the most deli- \ not compare with him in sinewy strength of< cate sense of propriety or destructive of the intellect. In this he was doubtless governed; dignify of his profession. Once, as Mr. Henry by a knowledge of private rather than public J. Williams told us at a meeting of the bar— traits, in which Tilghman had the advan-1 he having entered Mr. Biuney’s office as a tage. student sixty-three years before—when an angry client pressed him to insist upon the Having said this much, we have said all trial of a cause in violation of the courtesies that can be fairly said in criticism of Mr. of the profession, he sprang from his chair! Binney. His exalted rank at the bar was and, with flashing eyes, told him if he was) won by merit, and the veneration in which dissatisfied with his counsel his fee was at his he was held by those who knew him is a service, but he was not the man to take un¬ due advantage of the act of Providence by monument to his integrity and virtues that - v0^i. ,, , some of them, in his judgment, revolution¬ I will not perish but endure. As'airawyer he ary, and not for the best interests of the com¬ was most accomplished and profound—never munity. He clung with the aflectionate disappointing and frequently surpassing ex¬ tenacity of conservatism to those doctrines pectation. As an advocateTie was eloquent, which had been sealed with the approval earnest and sell-possessed, of fine figure, rich of his immediate predecessors. In the and melodious voice, graceful and animated matter of the method of selecting our gestures, winning the confidence of courts iudiciarv he was especially strenuous. and juries by entire freedom from tricks and He viewed with appreheusiveness the low arts of cunning, disdaining strategy of the gravest character the intro¬ and artifice, truckling to no prejudices. His duction of the system of popular elections. When he came to the bar he saw Chief Jus¬ powers of mind were equal to the comprehen¬ tice Shippen presiding upon the bench, a sion of any legal subject, however abstruse, man whom we are apt to associate with the and upon the death of Edward Tilghman his days of Vice Admiralty under the Crown- opinions were oftenest sought upon titles, r When he retired from active practice after and most highly valued. His judgment was forty-five years of exertion, he had seen but . intuitive. “ His decisions were never narrow, two Chief Justices, Tilghman and Gibson, as the visible forms and embodiments ot august and almost never wrong.” As a counselor justice. Before his death, during an inter¬ he was wise and safe. He gave calm consid¬ val of thirty years of inaction, and the oper¬ eration unbiased by prejudices of any sort. ation of the elective system, he saw no less His mode of presentation of a case was beyond i than seven—Black, Woodward, Lowrey, the reach of adverse comment ; his rhetoric Lewis, Thompson, Read and Agnew—the was faultless, his logic convincing, his illus¬ constant changes in the presidency of the court of last resort robbing that tribunal of trations apt and beautiful. “ Thoroughness,” the impressive attribute of stability, and the says Mr. Justice Strong, ‘‘was the habit of office of Chief Justice of the dignity and ihis life. He regarded it as a duty never to value inseparable from a long tenure. be slighted. His maxim was ‘work up to He saw the abolition of imprisonment for power.’ Whatever came from him was the debt, the emancipation of the commercial best that he could produce, and those who community from the terrors of the capias, followed him rarely found anything that es¬ which snatched an unlucky yet honest caped his notice or his thought. He was never surprised, and nothing immature or tradesman from the family fireside and thrust him into jail to earn the means of paying his unfinished ever came from him in argument debts, which in a state of freedom he could or essay. His legal reading was exteusive. iHe was methodical in habit; had a place for not acquire. He saw the gradual and tardy everything, and everything in its place. The recognition accorded by the Legislature and j arrangement of his books and papers, and courts to the rights of married women to equally of his stores of knowledge and their separate property free from the assaults thought, was perfectly systematic. He could of their husbands’ creditors expand into a always produce on call the knowledge which definite and liberal code. He witnessed the he had acquired, and the thoughts which ho reform of equity practice, the abolition of an¬ cient bills with their barbarous terminology I had matured.” But while retaining an accurate and con- and their interminable and unintelligible di¬ ! stantly enlarging familiarity of acquaintance visions into multifarious parts. He saw the 1 with the decisiou of judges, he did not lum¬ thorough revision of our criminal code, the ber up his mind with the mere rubbish of improvement of the law of evidence as to the legislative enactments. Once, when asked competency of parties, the decay and disuse by a clieut as to the law upon a certain point, of common recoveries, the dishonor of special he said as he turned to Brightlv’s Pardon: pleading and the growth of vigorous and “God forbid that any man should know all sturdy sentiments of legal reform. Changes the law ; it is sufficient to know where to indeed there were, and it would be interest¬ look for it when you want it.” ing to trace them, but the limits of this im¬ The reverence which was felt by the pro¬ perfect sketch forbid. Although men as they fession for Mr. Binney was profound. “To grow old may deprecate all movement, yet it is well to remember the truth expressed by find a parallel to it,” says Mr. William M. Tilghman—the grandson of Edward Tilgh¬ Goethe in his “Faust:” “ The Almighty has man whom Mr. Binney so sincerely revered, pronounced a curse upon everything that “ we must go beyond our own time and our changeth not.” own country. It brings to our remembrance the grandest tribute to professional excel¬ lence which history records—that imperial decree which proclaimed to the world the veneration of the Roman bar for the greatest ; lawyer of antiquity—that veneration which for sixteen centuries has maintained on the i pinnacle of jurisprudential fame, the name ! of the illustrious Papinian.”

Mr. Binney died on the 12th of August, 1875, aged 95 years, 7 months and 8 days. Were the outlines of his career, which we ) THE RITTENHOUSE FAMILY. have sketched, filled in with substantial de¬ tails, we would have a judicial history of THIRD ANNUAL BASKET PICNIC HELD Pennsylvania from the period of the Revolu¬ tion and the Constitution of 1790 to the YESTERDAY. adoption of the Constitution of 1873, popu¬ larly known as “the New Constitution.” Over a Hundred Members Have a Happy . Mr. Binney saw many changes in the law, Reunion at the Old JLog Cabin in the j Wissahickon Valley. Bi-- ^ One of the interesting features of the day The Old Log Cabin, on the upper'Wlssa- was the display of photographs of the resl-i hlcivon, presented a scene of gaiety yester¬ deuce of , near Norris¬ day, when over 100 members of the Rltten- town, and of the old spring house iu which.' house family and Memorial Association he had his observatory. gathered there to hold their third annual Other Member* of the Family. | basnet picnic. The Old Log Cabin Is near AmoDg the other members of the family where the old Hermitage once stood, and directly opposite, on the other side of the present were: i Mrs. Isaac Rittenhouse, Miss Lizzie Rit¬ WlssahicKon creek, is where the Ritten- tenhouse, Miss Bailie Rittenhouse, Miss houses built a log cabin during the Presi¬ Caroline Rittenhouse, Mrs. Clementine dential campaign of William Henry Harri¬ Roberts, John G. Brooks, Geo. R. Brooks, son, for whom Nicholas Rittenhouse, Jr., John M. Brooks, Sarah R. Brooks, Anna P. was an Elector. Brooks, Mrs. Jacob Kidd, of Roxborough;, The members of the family began to ar¬ Mr. and Mrs. Charles Brooks, Miss Julia H. rive at the Old Log Cabin about 10 o’clock, and the entire day, until about 9 o’clock In Benson, William W. Umsted, Wilson Um- sted, Miss Katie Umsted, Mrs. Addle Park¬ the evening, was devoted to pleasure. The er, Mr. and Mrs. William K. Gotwals, of young people organized boating and riding parties, danced to the music of a stringed Farview; Daniel R. Umsted, Miss Della Umsted, MlssSallleR. Everman, Miss An- orchestra and played out-of-door games. The elder element gathered in groups andj gellne Everman, Horace G. Everman, Miss talked over family history and held a gen¬ Rebecca R. Umsted, Mrs. Hannah Umsted, eral reunion. Conspicuous among the lat-j Miss Uuiu Umsted, Miss Mary Benson, Mrs. ter was Daniel K. Cassel, Chairman of the William W. Rittenhouse, Mrs. Elwood “Genealogical Tree, ” a book almost ready Maulsbury, Mrs. Edwin Nelson and Miss for publication, containing a history of the Anna Cook. Rittenhouse family. So Interested was he in the collection of data lrom the elder members of the family that it almost neces¬ sitated force to get him to eat his dinner. A Historic Family. Each member of the family wore a badge on which was inscribed “Rittenhouse Ge¬ nealogical Tree, founded 1614, ” and under a reproduction of a tree was “Spruce, 1990. ” The significance of the spruce tree is owing to the fact that when the first tract ot land was purchased by William Rittenhouse for the erection of a paper iu 1690 the sur¬ F8E RMRP1MS. vey started from a spruce tree, which Is con¬ firmed by the wording of the deed. The jyear 1644 is the date of the birth of William A MYSTIC FRATERNITY OF THE XVII jRitteuhouse, the founder of the family. The first paper mill erected in this coun¬ CENTURY. try was built by William Rittenhouse in 1690, on the Wissahickon, about a half mile above where the Old Log Cabin now stands. True Rosicrnclans— Their Foothold in Upon paper manufactured in this mill was Pennsylvania—“Hermits on the Ridge” written the Declaration of Independence, —The “Woman In the Wilderness”— and alsd, in 1743, the first Bible printed m Ziouitie Brotherhood—Monastery on the this country was done on paper from this Wissahickon—Pseudo-Rosicruclans. mill. Benjamin Franklin used paper from this mill to publish his “Poor Richard’s Almanacs, ” and the first Colonial Laws of Pennsylvania were printed on paper from No religions or speculative organization this mill. ' v ever caused so much speculation and bitter Some of the Older Members. controversy as the organization known as Among the more prominent members of the Rosierucian Fraternity. Numerous so¬ the family present was Mrs. Fannie Ritten¬ cieties, composed of Impostors and charla¬ house, 87 years of age, who was the oldest j tans, at different times and localities as- i member, She passed the day mostly In sumed the popular name of the Order, and! consulting with Mr. Cassel, to whom she thus masqueraded under the prestige of the Imparted some valuable points to be pub¬ true esoteric brotherhood for the purpose of lished in the < ‘Genealogical Tree. ’ ’ enriching themselves or furthering their Dr. Alvah Rittenhouse, President of the personal schemes at the expense of their Ig¬ Rittenhouse Memorial Association, was norant dupes. also present, as was Mrs. William Gotwals, When brought to justice these charlatans of Fairvlew, Montgomery county, who was naturally failed to establish their connec¬ dressed In the typical costume of a Friend. tion with the Order whose name they as¬ Vice President Nicholas M. Rittenhouse, sumed. This eventually led to an Impres¬ of Baltimore, was not present, owing to im¬ sion of a mythical existence only, a charge perative business. which was actively encouraged by the au¬ Temporary Secretary E. Frank Carson thorities of that period of superstition and was present as Chairman of the Monument bigotry existing In the seventeenth and Committee. He is arranging for the erec¬ eighteenth centuries, when these societies tion ol a monument to David Rittenhouse, chiefly flourished. the Astronomer, and also one to commem¬ As a matter of fact, leaving out all the orate the erection of the first paper mill in fraudulent societies, there existed two or¬ this country by William Rittenhouse. ganizations to which the name properly Lars Westergaard, the Consul for the applies. For distinction these may be des¬ Netherlands, from which country William ignated as the “true” and the false, or] Rittenhouse came to America, deputized “pseudo” Rosicruciaus. Adrian Van Helder, the Secretary of the The True liosicruclans Legation, to represent Holland at the pic¬ wet's a mystic brotherhood, composed of nic, but Mr. Van Helder, owing to import¬ students of occult lore in different places, ant business, was forced to send a letter of regret. who corresponded and were united la one common bond of sympathy, their purpose These consisted of 40. men, of various ages. being to study and practice the spiritual In strange attire, some In coarse pilgrim philosophy of the higher phases of Ihe ca¬ garb, others :n the dress of the German Uni¬ balistic system, which, they claimed, when versity student. truly searched for, contemplated and un¬ ■ Well way be understood the commotion derstood, opens Its arms and from Its great they caused as they entered the churchless height In the unknown essence or the Su¬ metropolis of Penn’s colony. They did not preme Deity, the eternal, boundless Oue, to tarry long In the city, but on the following Its depth, in the lowest materialism of evil, day, which was St, John’s Lay, proceeded gives an opportunity for tiie reception and to Germantown. acquisition of tne grandest and noblest This band, call them Rosecruclans, Mys¬ ideas, to the highest and most subtle order tics, Chlllasts or Pietists, under the leader¬ ol religious spiritual thought. ship of Maglster Johann Kelplus, settled As to the antiquity ot these doctrines, the upon a tract of land near Germantown, on most liberal-minded students agree that the the ridge which forms the rugged dell germ and origin of this mystic theosophy is through which the Wlssahickon purls over to be found in the esoteric teachings of the rqck and ledge. Here a piece of land was j Jews as well as in the exoteric teachings of cleared, a long house erected, and a garden thoHobrew holy writings. Others who are planted for their uses. From the situation more sanguine profess to trace the genesis of of their settlement they became known as the theosophy to centuries before the del¬ •< The Hermits ou the Kidge.” uge. Here amid the rugged rocks and wild ■ The great object of these speculations, it scenery of the Wlssahickon, surrounded by is claimed, was to reach the nearest ap- s the tall forest trees and In the beautiful jproach that man can make to the unseen, groves, God’s first temples, three Theoso- j that Inner communion which works silently ’! phlo enthusiasts were wont to commune jin the soul, but which cannot be expressed , with their God. Thus they lived almost in absolute language nor by any words, unbroken brotherhood for a space of at which Is beyond ail formulations into word .least ten years, while the great Influence symbolism, yet Is on the confines of It and ! exercised by these religious enthusiasts the unknown spiritual world—a condition among the early German settlers, in shap¬ whicn could only be obtained by entering ing their policy and inculcating principles Into a state of silence, meditation and inter¬ of true religion and morals, Is ielt even unto communion with oneself. i the present day. In tact, it meant an absolute negation of It Is not to be supposed for a moment that all world-matter thought and world-matter sthese philosophers here in the wilderness existence. ! passed all their time in theosophlc specula¬ Tne abstract teachings of this theology, tions, as in addition to supporting them¬ from the earliest days, were written in sym¬ selves by their own labor, some instructed bols, In a manner so as to present the most the children of the settlers, while others fundamental points of the secret philosophy preached the near approach of the millen¬ to the mind of the neophyte, while to the nium to the Inhabitants both German and profane they were merely unintelligible .'English. heiroglyphlcs. i This community also became known as j This system of symbols was faithfully the Order of

handed down and preserved among the tin mu Initiates for centuries, and has become a an appellation', however, which was not jlanguage of Its own, easily comprehended acknowledged by the fraternity, as they, in j by those entitled to receive the informa¬ accordance with the precepts of their teach¬ tion. The same may be said ol the oral ings, desired to live In seclusion,away from | instruction, which was transmitted by the allnremeuts of the world, without name word of mouth lrom preceptor to candi¬ or sect, but In love and unity with all men. date. The name arose in the following manner": j The name “Rcsicrucian” was nevei The Mystics believed and taught that the claimed or acknowledged by this theosophlc “woman In the wilderness,” mentioned In 'fraternity, but was applied to the votaries the Revelations, xii, 14-17, was prellgura- j by outside parties. tive of the great deliverance that was “soon Kosicrucians in Pennsylvania, to bo displayed for the Church of Christ j st>ange as It may appear, there were twe [and Iheuco they were called by others “The attempts made by members of this frater¬ Society of the Woman In the Wilderness. ” nity to iound a community within the Alter the death of the leader, Kelplus,"in I province of Penn, looking towards a practi- 1703, and the increasing Influx of settlers jcal-solutlon of their esoteric speculations, the band gradually declined in numbers first by Johann Kelplus, In the year 1694,on and Influence—some ot their number falling the romantic VYlssahickon, followed by the to the allurements ot the world, others again - settlement on the Cocaiico by Conrad Bels- entering the ministry of regular churches. sel, about a quarter of a century later. A few, however, remained true and stead¬ The advent of Keipius and his followers fast to tneir professions. Noteworthy among forms one of the most romantic episodes In the latter were Johannes Sehlig, who suc¬ the history of Pennsylvania. ceeded Kelplus, and Conrad Mathfii, who This party of theosophieal enthusiasts Hollowed the latter, and lived a life of seclu¬ er>-barked ju a body on the ship Sarah sion for many years, honored and respected ina Hopewell, at London, February 24 by all who knew him. The last of the band i "i he first protest agaiust. Ibis wife, four sons and two daughters, and slavery, issued by the Germantown Friends, when the Rebellion broke out the four sons Second-month, IS, 1688. Hendricks had drawn enlisted, all having previously been natur¬ lot No. 8 in tho Pastorious division, which was alized. One ot the sons, Thomas Morris, situated on the Main street where Shoemaker : served as a private in the three nidnths’ Lano now is. On the rear, close to theWingo- [service, and afterwards enlisted as Sprgean^ hocking creek, he, in 1032, erected a storm of Company K, X19th Regiment, Pennsyl¬ house, which remained until torn down by Mr. vania Volunteers, Colonel EUmaker’s regi¬ Mehl in 1840, and from its passing to his sou-in¬ ment, and rose to the captaincy of the com¬ law, became known as the Shoemaker house. A pany. tenant house built closo by on a large rock and The family, though large, has no regular organization, though the forming of one for near tho railroad, called the Rock house, still the preservation of records, etc., is con¬ stands. From Ihi:; rock, tradition says, Will¬ templated. The reunions have been In iam Penn preached to the people assembled be¬ charge of Mr. Matthew Morris, eldest son ot low in the meadow. The old Hendricks Bible Henry Morris, whose ancestors are sup¬ is now in the possession ot Mrs. Samuel M. posed to have been related to Robert Mor¬ Shoemaker, of Baltimore It was printed in ris, the financier of the American Revolu¬ 1538 and has a number of Shoemaker records in tion. it. , son of Isaac and Yesterday was spent by the older people Sarah, sat ia the Provincial Council, and was in talking over family matters and renew¬ three times mayor of Philadelphia, and for six¬ ing acquaintances. Luring the year not a teen years its treasurer. His sou Samuel suc¬ single death was reported, and very lew ceeded him as treasurer, and was also twice members experienced severe Illness. The mayor. From this liDe descends what is known younger folks played games or amused as tho Shoemaker-Rawle-Morris-Pennington themselves In the swings or In boating on branch. tne creek. Linner and supper were served The Shoemaker homestead was buiit by Isaac In the pavilion, and it was quite late In the prior to 1732. It stood on .the north corner of evening before the members of the family Germantown avenue and Shoemaker Lane, and left for their homes. was in the possession of tho family until 1842, Among those present were Mr. and Mrs, Matthew Morris, Mr. and Mrs. William when it was purchased by the late George M. Morris, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Morris, Mrs. Thompson, who shortly afterwards tore it down Elizabeth Knowles, Mr. and Mrs. JameB and erected on the site what is now known as Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. William Ogden, Mr. Cotfage Row. Pictures of the house show it was ' and Mrs. Lavls Carnathan, Mrs. Thomas built after the old German style; two stories Morris, Mrs. Sarah Parker, Mrs. Sadie high, with an entrance from the rear, while on Morris, Harry Morris, Matthew Morris, Jr., Germantown avenue was a doorway leading to Thomas Morris, Charles Morris, Misses the cellar, which gavo it the appearance of a Mary, Clara and Naomi Morris, Misses three-story buildiDg. It was large and commo¬ Harriet and Susan Craven, Miss Sadie dious, being quite pretentious for its day. As to Taylor, Mrs. Taylor, Samuel Hiller, the time of anglicizing the name Schumacher, Miss Emma Morris, Joseph Morris, it is probable it began very shortly after the Miss Elizabeth Morris, Thomas Ogden, Miss family arrived. Richard Wall, in his will, dated Mary Ogden, Samuel Ogden, Miss Sadie 1697-8, writes it “Shoemaker,” though most Ogden, Harry Ogden, Win. Ogden, John likely the Germans retained the style of the Ogden, David Ogden, Misses Harriet, Sadie Fatherland, the change being a gradual oue.” and Mary Oguen, Wm. Carnathan, Miss Laura Carnathan, Misses Millie, Mamie and Florence Morris, Joseph Morris, Mrs. Sarah Lister, Miss Edith Lister, Morris Lister, Win, Lincoln Morris, Harry Morris, Charles Morris, Matthew Morris, and some fifty grandchildren.

tffylSlT1

IJCSCENDANTS OF HfJflRY MORRIS. Annnal Reunion on tho YFissa- ct lx c liickon. The descendants of the late Henry Morris, who emigrated to this country from Man¬ chester, England, in 1850, and settled on the banks of the Wlssahickon, near the historic A QUAINT QUAKER CHARITY Ititlenhouse Grist Mill, held their fourth an¬ nual reunion and all-day picnic yesterday along the Wlssahickon opposite the site ot THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY IS NOW the old Log Cabin. Henry Morris was a son of Matthew Mor- ) ris, who, owing to his strong sympathy lor ALMOST A HUNDRED YEARS OLD. the American Colonists, and his per¬ suading the young men of Manchester not to enlist to fight the men In SKETCH OF ITS ORIGIN America wljo were struggling for liberty, was Imprisoned by the Government of Great Britain and otherwise punished. He also Founded by Twenty-Three Maidens to suffered social ostracism for his advocacy of Alleviate the Sufferings of Widows the French Revolutionists. He purchased and Orphans Bereaved and Deprived one of the earliest copies of tho Constitution of the United States,and taught his children of Husbands and Fathers by the Great and grandchildren to esteem the principles Fever Scourge Nearly a Century Ago. therein set forth. dainty little stitches and fine work practiced The visitor who loaves the bustle and rum- during “sampler” days when every girl had bla of the manufacturing district on Seventh to learn how to run up a seam and make a street, above Market, after crossing the hem. Eyes once bright, but now grown threshold of No. 112, enters an atmosphere of dim, and hands very feeble with age, are set Quaker simplicity and cleanliness which to carpet-strip cutting or splicing. A beautiful old custom retained from the everywhere pervades its winding hails and! first meetings of 1795 of reading a daily por¬ high-ceilinged, whitewashed rooms. This air I tion of Scripture is still continued, and while of the quaint and old-fashioned harmonizes needles glance in and out and scissoi‘3 are j well with the century of years save three to clicking gaily, a member of the committee in which the House of Industry established charge of the work room reads to the little there can lay claim. family. The pestilence of yellow fever, devastating The noonday repast, though plain, is with its withering blight the city of Phila¬ always abundant and is partaken of in a way delphia early in the nineties of the last cen¬ that speak3 eloquently of the consumers’ tury, left a legacy of wretched destitution appreciation. The compensation received by to many widows and fatherless little ones. tho workers is added to by gifts of a pair of Touched with pity, their hearts sensitive shoes, food, and the crowning soiace of old to a keen sympathetic desire to alleviate the age, a package of tea. Occasionally a present distress of the poor, twenty-three maidens of of soap proves somewhat of an incentive to the Society of Friends rallied around Ann cleanliness. Parrish as leader, uniting hearts and hands The society is entirely supported by volun¬ in the work of carrying a little sunshine to tary contributions and tbe sale of articles homes darkened by the shadowy form of made in tbe workroom, which aids a little in poverty. the good work of administering relief and

The first meeting was held in 1795, just when the green leaves were putting on a more sober dress for the antumntide. Two small rooms in Viddell’s alley, near Chestnut /? \ ( ( yf y x /U t > and Second streets, were rented for a meet- ing place and to store goods. As the distinctive purpose of the society ■/-'a was the moral and physical elevation of 1 tho poor, medicine, food and clothing were I distributed to deserving cases, but “work,” as the great cultivator of sturdy indeDend- Germantown, 115 years ago—a tortuous, ( ence and self-support, was the dominant key¬ village street, up bill and down dale, run¬ note of the organization. It is interesting to ning two miles or more between stone note that the first reports record spinning as bouses,' backed by wall-divided orchards the chief means of employment during the early days of the movement, together with and gardens and vineyards. The hour is much knitting and quilt making. at early morning. A heavy fog prevails, through which men can only be distinguished) The success crowning the first two experi¬ as trees walking. There is a rattle of mus¬ mental years prompted the rental of a small ketry and the boom of canon growing near house on Littleboy’s court, in the neighbor- ' and louder. Blaring trumpets and rolling hood of Arch and Second streets. Here aged drums add to the confusion and excite-, women and mothers with babes were received ment. Hoarse commands and hurrying sol¬ and employed, the little ones being cared for diers in King George’s uniforms fill the in an improvised nursery. On the twelfth day of First month, 1815, street and affrighted oitizens are fleeing to the organization of fifty-six members was in- their cellars for safety. borporated under the name of the Female So¬ A gallant officer is mounting his horse in ciety of Philadelphia for the Relief and Em¬ front of bis headquarters at Wister’s big ployment of the Poor. In the year follow¬ bouse. He wears the three-cornered hat ing a property in Ramstead Court was pur¬ chased as a suitable site for the House of In¬ of the general and tho snow white curls dustry. This answered all the purposes of of his Bamillies wig flow down over the the society until 1848, when the development low-cut collar of his wide-skirtsd, gold- of the work compelled further migration to braided, scarlet coat. A bright star glitters the present abode, 112 North Seventh street. on his breast. There are lace ruffles at bis wrists, and he wears long black riding The primal principle, that a system of em¬ boots, gilt spurs, and sword. ployment is best calculated to cherish a spirit A German woman is working industri-j of independence as a counter-irritant for that ously in the garden. Turning to her the moral and physical lassitude frequently ac¬ officer said, expostulatingly, “J: stine, I companying pauperism, continues to domi¬ prithee retire to tbe cellar where then wilt nate the work. be safe until tbe fighting is over.” “Nein, Icb babe meine arbeit zu duen,” The House of Industry is open from De¬ and, deaf to all entreaties, she continued to cember to April. During the snowy, winter ply her two-pronged German hoe all season, through the months until the little through the battle, unharmed.

buds proclaim the happy springtime,from 70 to THE MAN AND THE TIME. 80 women gather in the big sewing room General Thomas Agnew rode off to join cheery with light and comfort. his command and returned mortally1 Among this number there are always beauti¬ ■wounded, to die a noble victim to the ful sowers,who are famous.... in their- old uage for- r

tyranny of bis King,' &nA to the fierce bate] small redoubt on the bluff at the mouth of that had been engendered by the cruel ex¬ the Wjssabickon, where School Lane joins cesses of marauding.nutrdering miscreants, the Ridge Road. wearing that King’s livery and bearing his A FORTIFICATION OF 1862. commission. In 1862, when the rebels invaded Mary, Washington had been defeated at the land, in the campaign that ended with An- j Brandywine on September 26, 1777. While ti%tp.m, the employees of the Water Depart¬ Cornwallis aDd the grenadiers were entering ment erected an earthwork on this very Philadelphia the remainder of the royal army, under Lord Howe, had encamped in spot. It was designated to cover tbe ap¬ Germantown. It was a good position. It proaches to the city by tfce way of the Menaced Washington in his camp at Penny- Schuylkill. Fortunately, it was never bacKer’s mills, it was easily defensible, an i used and never even armed. Its outline excellent camping grounds were easily and profile are still plainly visible. found for the troop3, while rations and Major General Grant and Brigadier Gen forage were plenty. £;.General Howe’s army bad its canton¬ era! Matthew were on the right of the ments along the line of School and Church British line, with tbe corps of Guards, six Lanes, its center crossing the main street battalions of British, and two squadrons of below where the marble soldier, on top of dragoons. The liae extended a mile to ■jtbe Grand Army monument, now stands the woods near Lukens’ Mill,later Roberts’ guard. Howe’s headquarters were at Mill.and now “no mill at all.” The plank .the home of Logan,Penn’s co'onial was guarded by the First Battalion of light secretary, a mile aud a half in the rear of infantry, encamped on Lime Kiln Pike, his line. while the Queen’s Rangers, commanded The left wing, commanded by Lieutenant by Lieutenant Colonel Sirecoe,were thrown General Knypbausen, which consisted of out still further to Branchtown, on the seven British battalions, forming the York Road, to cover two approaches to the; Third and Fourth Brigades, under Major town. The Second Battalion of light in¬ General Grey, and Brigadier General fantry wore in the extreme advance oa tbe Agnew, three Hessian battalions, under north, with a battery of artillery at Mt. Major Genral von Stiru, and tbe mounted Rlessant on the main street, and they had and dismounted chasseurs under Colonel an outlying picket with two six-pounders at von Wurmb,extended to the Sohuylkill.and Mr. Allen’s house on Mt. Airy. The Fortieth the extreme left was strengthened by a j Regiment, under Lieutenant CoIodpI Mus- ; grave, was encamped where the Johnson . \

HANS BOYEB 1ST CONCEALMENT.

house now stands, just opposite the Chew tain Allen McLane, of ueiaware,Delaware, ppushe bouse. quickly forward to take the pickets in On the west, the land fronting Kryp- Allen's house. McLane fell upon and hauser’s position, rolled away to the high killed the double sentries, but the outpost bluffs of the Wissabickon.and was naturally managed to fire the two six-pounders before very strong. The ground occupied by the they fell back on thsir supports, ibe Second right wing,rolling and intersected by small Battalion of light infatry, which was streams, was well disposed for defence. hastily forming. Conway moved promptly The center, with the heavy stone houses of forward to sustain the attack, and Sullivan the town and the hedges and cross-walls, formed a line of battle in the right of the was only a succession of little citadels, giv¬ road at Allen’s Lane. The English fought ing the means for a stubborn defense. well, but had to give way. Washington, in his camp at Penny-j Wayne coming up, went into line on the packer’s, having received word that Howe i east of the road and then filed off to the had detached part of his forces to reduce | extreme right. The line was now developed the Continental defences of the Delaware, I and moved forward. The British Light decided to attack the British in German¬ Infantry kept falling back, but they made town on October 4. On the 29th of Septem¬ a stubborn stand at each ditcb, wall, and ber be marched from Penuypacker’s toSkip- fence, which were numerous. Wayne’s men pack, about twenty-five miles from the city, advanced against the English with great and on the second advanced to Worcester spirit; they were anxious to revenge them¬ Township and prepared for the attack. selves on these troops who had attacked On the evening of October 3 the army : ‘ them at Paoli. marched from Metuelep Hills by several At the sound of the heavy firing from routes. It was a wearisome march. At j Mt. A irft, Colonel Musgrave got the Fortieth daybreak on the fourth the column under! Regiment in line and advanced to thej Washington reached Chestnut Hill. It was! supp rt of the hard-pressed Light In-i dark and foggy. Conway’s brigade led the) fantry. He met them retreating on the’ column, supported by Wayne and bis Penn-; road, and forming on their left a sharp ey lvanians, and he in turn was followed by! fight followed. Still, the British had to, Snilivan’s division. Descending into the! give ground. Washington, who followed! valley approaching Mount Airy two regi-1 with the reserve, detached regiments to the meats were advanced to the front, and Cap-| right and the left, and the Americans, i - ’ iittfi 'rail '-isradii ism •- iw. .As-i i-.i.-v", ia Sks&'hfi, pressing vigorously forward, passed Ch V '

wk .

A ITER THE battle. (house, pushing the-enemy 'beforeoetore them.them, Streets and it, f:acT been decided to adhere y Musgrave s camp was captured, looted, and jset on fire. to the old military maxim to never ‘‘leave a , castle in one’s rear” and to reduce the Cbew DIFFICULT MARCHING, house before going further. General Knox, j The morning was very dark, and the the chief of artillery, advocated this course (thick smoke and fog made it very difficult and his opinion had prevailed,though many to see anything. The ground was much soldiers fco-dey can see it was a mistake. Lieutenant Colonel Smith, a gallant young broken and obstructed by oross roads and Virginian, under a flag, went forward to ihouses. Sullivan pushed forward past the summon the-enemy to surrender, but was .present Washington Lane, and Wayne ad¬ shot down on the front lawn. vanced, as far aR the Widow Mackinett’s General William Maxwell, with the New Krreen -ree Inn,the present residence of Dr. Jersey brigade and four pieces of artillery Alexis Dupont Smith, on Main Street. thereupon attacked the house. The guns, IWhen Washington, who was following with only 3-pound smooth-bores and firing at ithe reserves, came to the Chew house he an angle, made very little impression on > (found that Musgrave had garrisoned it the heavy stone walls. Maxwell’s men . jwith six companies of the Fortieth Regi- made a vigorous assault, but could not dis¬ : !5‘rnt’ an<^'vas prepared to make a vigorous lodge the enemy and Musgraove held the ■ defense. Colonel Pickering, Washington’s fort to the end of the fight, when part of the gallant aide-de-camp, wanted to leave a regi- British main line under General Grey came ;ment to keep Musgrave shut up in the np and relieved him. j refuge he had chosen, and press forward GREENE’S ACTIVITY. ■ with the rest of the troops into the town. But a council had been held at Bilmeyer’g In the meantime General Nathaniel | , house, still standing at Main and Upsal GTeene was executing another part of Wash¬ ington’s plans. With the left wing of the patriot army he came down theLime Kiin d e/inn after Mr.Lane's attack on ea8e."TDoabtIess be beard tne attacks ‘ pickef at Mt. Airy, he had engaged the minute men who bad shot at Gov : British right._ tLis advance first struck the Gage’s raiders from behind stone walls First Battalion Light Infantry on the made their return from Lexington a rout, pike beyond- Betton’s woods. Greene’s line extolled and lauded as a great feat of arms. ( was formed with Stephen’s division on the! There was a risk in it. too. He didn't right of the road, with Greene’s own divis¬ think of that. He hated the British. To ion, composed of Muhlenberg’s and Scott's him it was only something to be shot at. [brigades, on the left. He had good cause. McDou gall's brigade was on the extreme After the British had establishd them¬ left bank. The line was considerably selves in Germantown they harried the broken and impeded by the numerous country for miles in their front. Many fences and the hilly country. ’s were the excesses that were committed by brigade, whose commander was in the the brutal soldiery. Murder, assault, arson, hospital, suffering from wounds received were the common accompaniments of at Brandywine got separated altogether and their forces. Among the most notorious following the sound of the tiring, marched of these raiders was Sincoe’s rangers. across the country and came up in the rear Their name became an anathema' in the of the Chew House.which Maxwell was at¬ mouths of the Americans; they were de¬ tacking. The remainder of Stephen’s nounced and execrated through all the division followed iu the same direction and country side. So enraged bad the Ameri¬ got on the flank of Wayne’s division, can soldiers become against them that they throwing it into some disorder. were given no quarter. The two bodies mistook each other for en¬ emies in the fog and exchanged shots HANS BOYER’S PROVOCATION. ' This caused the commencement of the re¬ One nignt a party of these Provincials treat the very moment when the Americans came to the house of the Boyer family, in were carrying everything before them. Springfield Township, near the Mont¬ This was blunder Number 2. It ended Sul¬ gomery County lice. The fact that the livan’s efforts on the east side. Stephen elder Boyer was away from home, in Wash¬ was cashiered after the return to camp for drunkenness aud mismanagement. ington’s army, was a license for any outrage. All this time Greene was energetically They robbed the house, burned it to the and skillfully doing his part of the work, ground, and then, because the mother beg¬ with the remainder of his command. The ged that something might be left to keep division got down to hurch Lane and ad¬ her and the family from starvation, shot vanced toward Market Square in the center her to death. Then they marched off car¬ of the town. Colonel Walter Stewart fell rying the stock with them. on the left of the Fifth and Thirty-eighth Th® boy bad managed to make his escape. British Regiments and made them both runJ He swore vengeance against the redcoats. “lustily.” He took the little redoubt atf His chance came with the battle of Lukeu’s mil., with three pieces of cannon, Germantown. When the sounds of battle but had a sharp fight for it. Stewart) reached his ears Be hastened toward them. pushed on to the market house, where also He had a heavy, brass mounted, old 'Colonel Matthews, with his Ninth Virginia Queen Anne musket, with a bore big enough Regiment, had penetrated and taken a to turn your thumb in it, and he trudged number of prisoners. Matthews became so along, manfully, with the cumbersome closely engaged that he was unable to fall piece on his shoulder. back, when the rest of the army re¬ He didn’t reach the town until Grey and treated, and he and his men were captured Grant, had driven the Continentals back on Kelly’s Hill. nearly to the Chew house. Then he came AGNEW’S DEATH WOUND. around tfi'rough an orchard ut the back The twoAvings of the army had closely and lay behind the gravestone with the old musket pointing across the main road. approached the center of the village, but, Soon there came marching on a body of I owing to the fog aud various obstructions, troops in the hated red uniform. They had the lines were badly broken and disordered. conical caps of blue cloth,shaped like ^General Howe, like a good commander, had Episcopal mitres, but with scarlet flaps ini not been idle. Owing to the failure of! front whereon was worked the white horse !, General Armstrong who had come down of Hanover. Their wide skirts and loose the Ridge Road to attack the British left sleeves were all looped np, and they wore j with any spirit, the British commander was pipe-clayed breeches and long gaiters. able to bring almost the whole of Knyp- Their bayonets glittered in the sunlight, bausen’s troops into the fight at the most which had now at last dissipated the fog. At critical point in the battle. Generals Grey thei*- head rode an officer with a bright star and Agnew wheeled to the right and ad-! glittering on his breast. Hans did not stop vanced across the fields to attack the Amer¬ to think that this soldier had nothing to do ican right. with the foul injury be had come to re¬ This attack of fresh troops was decisive. venge. He didn’t know that he was a Grant also reformed the British right to I kind, brave gentleman. He wiuldn’t have} met Greene. Bullivan and Conway had changed his purpose if he had. The scar-' forced their way down nearly to School let coat was enough for him. The glittering I Lane, but, disordered and demoralized bv star filled his eye and he tired at it. the firing in their at the Chew house, they Thus fell Agnew. He was carried into fell back before Grey’s advance. a long low house, across the street, where | General Agnew, following in the rear of the Franklin School now stands. Then j -’frey. heeled into the Main Street, near a door was lifted from it binges and the where the Town Hall stands. As he as¬ stricken general was carried back to his cended up the hill at Pastorius Street, at headquarters, at the Wister House. He the head of his troom. he fell from his was laid on the floor in the front room. ! house,mortally wounded by a shot from the There he died and the stains made by bis graveyard of the Mennonite Church. The blood can still he seen on the floor hoards. ishot was fired by Hans Boyer, a lad of 16, Lieutenant ColonelBird,another English offi* who lay concealed behind a tombstone in cer.wounded in the same battle, died in the the high grass. This was not war, it was i same house, and they were both buried bushwhacking. But the boy had his e.v 1 the lower burying ground, now Hooi Cemetery. dressed and at work in his study. Here j garden and dooryard was in tbe highest for 'Several hours he toils unremittingly state of cultivation. The fighting contin- over his correspondence and public docu¬ jtfed two hours and forty minutes, and the battle had been waged in the gardeus, ments. Just before noon he receives his ! orchards and fields. ministers. Twice a week be holds a public Many ventured forth to look with anger ,reception and all who wish can see] him. Ion the destruction of their property. Many : He loves frankness of speech, strives with of the inhabitants were Friends, who were great tact to secure it from those who visit against lighting on principle, and others !him, and in this way often secures infor- remained loval to the King, or bad lost '.mation that is of great value to him. heart in the patriot cause because of Ameri- He is fond of making tours of inspection ! can disasters and the British occupation and often visits harbors, barracks,roads,and of their town. Others joined in the sad public buildings on foot unannounced and task of suceonring the wounded and bury¬ with a single companion. Literature, art, ing the dead that lay around pretty thickly. j science, and history, each has an attraction I for him, and he is an ardent student of ail. | He delights like his father in outdoor : exercise, is a splendid horseman, whip, and i swimmer, and, devoted fisherman. He has a | hunting seat at Latoi, near Athens, and a i country place in the Gulf of Chalcis where I he often goes to fish. His Summer resi- j dence is at Corfu,a charming spot,and there he leads the plain and to him pleasing life I of a farmer. The Winter months in Ath¬ ens are given up to a constant round of .'receptions, dinners, bails and festivals, l King George is ever ready to give to 'charity and the poor, but he is also fond i of the good things of life, as bis snmp- tuous table and handsomely appointed pal- , aces show. TWO HARD WORKED MONAROHS. King Charles, of Roumania, who, like George of Greece, gained the throne he oc¬ cupies by election and not by birth, also leads the lot of* busy man of affairs. The lives of him and his queen, the gifted and beloved Carmen Sylva, are those of con¬ Planned His Treason Gives stant hard work. The Roumanians are a j difficult people to rule—restless, turbulent, Way to a Warehouse. i j and capricious—and they demand much — ]• from their sovereigns. The latter must al- 5 ways be at the beck and call of any one WASHINGTON MET ? who asks for them. The King often rises as early as 4 GEEAT MEN THEBE. o’clock and waking has no idle or unoceu- ied hours. The Roumanian army, which e organized and made a most effective weapon of war, occupies much of his time, IThe Little Frame Dwelling-, on Mar¬ and interviews with his ministers, his correspondence and publio reoeptions con¬ ket Street, Below Seventh, Rieh sume the rest. His breakfast and lunch are eaten hurriedly, and when he sits down in Historic Incidents for to dinner with the Queen at 7 he is often | completely exhausted. However, be is not Over a Century and a allowed to retire to rest at an early hour. Bucharest is a gay capital and its citizens Quarter, Succumbs keep late hours. Gala performances seldom i begin before 11 and it is often long after to Demands of midnight before the King is allowed to seek sleep. The only time the royal oouple Business. have opportunity for rest and recreation is when they retire in Summer to their castle at Sinaia, in the Carpathians, and even there the demands on their time and ener¬ One of the most interesting structures in gies are constant and heavy. the city, located at 632 Market Street, was King Charles’ western neighbor, Prince demolished yesterday. It was the very last Ferdinand, of Bulgaria, finds bis princely office anything but a sinecure. The politi¬ of the old frame buildings on the whole cal and economic regeneration of Buglaria length of Market Street from the Delaware is the one object which he keeps constantly 4 to the Schuylkill, and its history covers in view, and to this he devotes himself with splendid unselfishness of purpose and a period of a century and a quarter, and ! with absorbing zeal. He keeps in close teems with names of famous men and the i touch with his ministers and people, and details of famous events. A great ware¬ | daily spends several hours in reorganizing, house is to occupy the site, its present . reviewing, and developing the Bulgarian ; army. His manners are pleasing and affa¬ owner, a clothing merchant, having nc- ble, and he is accessible at all times to jquired title to it very recently. j those who desire to see him. He goes much ! In 1767 the property, not however, in ' among the peop le and tr^s to learn at first ttiiiiCTs of. which, t.hev . stand in jthe condition it afterward assumed, passed TeuteCdf 6ttdb wild revelry that Washing-1 ton felt bound to finally refrain from going there. Ho had no objection to the three- I siory cottage', however,and it was the scene I of the interviews he had successively with Jefferson and with Hamilton in endeavor-: ing to patch up the disagreement of those! two statesmen. During Hamilton’s in¬ trigue with Mrs. Beynolds the lovers agreed | to meet outside this bouse as the pamphlet i now in the liidgway Library shows, and it I was by watching here that the husband j claimed to have found out wbat was going on. The next famous man to visit the little | house was Washington Irving. He called to verify some anecdotes connecting the | Father of his Country with the building and i found many valuable letters and papprs | stored away in its attic, of which he made I use in tbe Life of Washington. OLD AGE CONQUERS IT. Like all houses which have passed tbeir prime and relapsed quietly into old age, tbe structure was utilized by tenants for various purposes and it ceased to be con-1 spiouously interesting until 1875. In that: year it first became the resort of the city’s | scene painters and so continued for many . years. The Bohemian Club, composed of members of the painting fraternity and The Demolished Belie of Colonial Philadelphia, kindred spirits, met there every Monday at (132 Market Street. night until a year or two since. Benedict Arnold planned bis famous and Charles Hawthorn, who died four years, ago and was in his time pronounced the! infamous treason be wrote to Clinton in finest scene painter of the day, became con-) New "York, suggesting that an emissary be spicuous at these gatherings. He won $10001 sent to Philadelphia for a conference. offered as a prize for the best design of aj theatre curtain and the boys made him givel Clinton was given papers and details that a champagne dinner in the attic on the his agent might gain admittance to the city strength of it. Gaspard Maeder, whose [ and Arnold engaged to meet him in dis¬ death occurred last Winter, painted mauyi guise outside the Hiltzheimer property. canvases for the local stage here and his| brother, who is now a successful play¬ For some nights the traitor loitered around ! wright, came to look on. Both shone at the house, paying occasional visits to a the frame house gatherings. tavern around the corner on Seventh Thomas Sully, eminent for his painting! of Queen Victoria and bis pupil, Charles! Street. Kelly are likewise pleasantly remembered ! Clinton was too suspicious to send any¬ by all who used to gather and make merry 1 one, however, and Arnold went down Mar¬ there. Charles Wilkinson was the president j ket Street to his house in disgust. When of this society of choice spirits and the the- i his carriage was pursued in the streets by a a.trical events of the town received their »r- } mob in consequence of unpopular enact¬ fistic inspiration from what was thought [ ments, Arnold took refuge from the mal-J oat and planned at 632 Market Street. contents in this building. The hotheads A former citizen of Philadelphia.but now \ connected with the Chemical Bank, of New j wanted to burn it down, but the troops York, has many interesting mementos of) interfered. The great procession on the the venerable but now departed edifice. occasion of the hanging of the traitor in Its full history would interest even the effigy after the consummation of his most prosaically inclined of the thousands) Iscariot-like act in 1780, was reviewed from who to-day will pass the pile of boards and' the windows of this house, and speeches scaffolding which mark the spot where once) it stood. were made by the city's celebrities A CHAPTEE FROM A NOVEL. The little bouse came gruesomely into prominence in 1793 when the yellow fever /U < epidemic scourged the city. Headers of Charles Brockden Brown’s novels will re¬ /'f) ^ /f member his account of the physician who - J#/' took a stricken youth home to his wife and family, although fever sufferers were cast out to die by many. The incident is! .fj based on an actual occurrence at this mod¬ est structure. The dwellers in the house worked night and day to relieve the gen-1 eral desolation and some of the family died An Old Philadelphia Landmark Now a ! in consequence. Brown, the novelisi, had Thing of the Past. a great fondness for the house, and a roi- I nute descripiton of the neighborhood is Philadelphia papers give many details given in one of his works. about the famous old house in which The tavern around the corner was the | Benedict Arnold first plotted treason, as | is, being inhabited by successive sets of it was recently torn away. It tenants of successively poorer classes. Market street an& the very last of the The very room in which Washington old frames on that street. It was old tried in vain to reconcile Hamilton aDd even in the Revolution, and Jacob Hiltz- Jefferson was long the resort of a Bohemian club. The building is now removed to make way for a large ware¬ house.

t/rfU , ' r#/'

| Chancel Organ and Choir Stalls Being Introduced in St. Pe- | THE ARNOLD HOUSE. ter:s and St. Paul’s. heimer had then owned it since 1767. Arnold wrote from there to Clinton in New York, suggesting that an emissary he sent to Philadelphia for a conference. 1 GALLERIES OBJECTIONABLE. Clinton was given papers and details that his agent might gain admittance to ! the city, and Arnold engaged to meet The Famous Old Edifices Have J him in disguise outside the Hiltzheimer property. Modern Musical Improve¬ Clinton was too suspicious, however, ments in Their An- and sent no emissary. About that 1 time there was a mob on account of cient Walls. some unpopular enactment, and Arnold took refuge from the malcontents in I this building. The hot heads wante#to THE ORGANS IN DAYS OF YORE.

burn it down, but the troops interfered. - ■ ! The great procession on the occasion of i the hanging of the traitor in effigy after Descriptions of the New Instruments, the consummation of hi3 Iscariotlike Together with Some Interesting i act in 1780 was reviewed from the win¬ dows of this house, and speeches were Facts About Their Envi¬ made by the city’s celebrities. ronments. The house was also of some importance in the intrigue between Hamilton and Mrs. Reynolds, as they met in the garden, and in the yellow fever epidemic of 1793 The day of the old quartette clioir has a physician living there took into his departed so far as the Protestant Episcopal house some people whose relatives had Churches in this diocese are concerned. abandoned them. This incident is re¬ White-robed choristers have taken the place produced in one of Charles Brockden of the haughty four who practically ruled Browne’s novels. Washington often the sacred edifice from the vantage ground passed a few quiet hours at the old of the organ loft, and the melodious, flute¬ house during his presidency, for it was like voices of the boy choristers have su¬ a respectable and old fashioned inn at perseded their more mature, but less bar- the time. Little by little the house de¬ ruonious predecessors. clined after that, as the way of old houses « the church of modern construction THE OLD ORGAN AND ORGAN XiOFT ST. PETER'S church. nasbeen taPreii entirely aown and the organ and choir stalls are placed along adjoining the chancel in the extreme left- the sides of the chancel, in front of the \. hand corner of the edifice. altar. Where the organ remains in a loft When it was proposed four years ago to in the gallery, whether directly over the introduce the chorister choir at St. Peter’s, stalls, or at the opposite end of the sacred the question as to whera they should be placed was a grave one. St. Peter’s is rich ediliee, it has been found to interfere with | in historic associations. It is the only the success of this form of musical service, church in this part of the country that re¬ as it is impossible for the leader to always tains the old high-backed square pews, of keep the instrument in time with the | which the little girl remarked that “when voices. she went to church at grandma’s she went This difficulty has been encountered in into a cupboard and sat on a shelf, It two of Philadelphia’s oldest Episcopal | was finally decided that they should oc¬ churches, StTTeter’s and St.Paul’s, which j cupy the north and south chancel pews. Here, however, they were boxed in, and rank respectively second and third in point the sound of their voices was deadened and '» of age in the diocese. To remedy this de-1 lost in the gallery overhead. To remedy feet extensive alterations have been going! this defect choir stalls were recently erected on during the Summer in both structures. on either side of the middle aisle,by taking In the one the keyboard and action alone j ] out the first pew. have been brought down to the first floor;) in the other, the instrument that for forty- st. peter’s folk, objected. three years occupied the western gallery j The result was a decided improvement in tke effect of the voices, but the bad posi-

M The Old Gateway of St. Peter’s. tiori of the organ still remained to bother Baptismal Font of St. Paul’s Church. the choir leader. The organ loft and ease, the latter an ornate and most beautiful THE CHUXICil OF THE PKNNS. specimen of the oarver’s art, had occupied St. Peter’s is one of the landmarks of their position above the chancel for nearly Philadelphia. The lot ou which the church a hundred years, and St. Peter’s folk proper stands was donated for that purpose would not for a moment tolerate any altera¬ by the Penns, aud ou account of this gift tions or innovations that , would radically the first and best pew in the church was change the interior of the historic edifice. ordered to be “set apaTt forever for the It was proposed when the same obstacle accommodation of the Honorable Proprie¬ was discusaed four years ago to secure the tary’s family and for their Governors for the proper effect without disturbing them by time Deing.” In the latter part of 1758 the purchasing a new organ, the keyboard to erection of the church was begun. In 1760 be brought to the chance! floor by means of the two old bells in Christ Church were an electrical attachment, as in the case of ordered to be removed to it, and on August the big organ at the Academy of Music. 13, 1701, the Building Committee reported Nothing was done in the matter, however, that the "new church” was now ready to until this Summer. Three months ago be opened, and that it was to be united to preparations were begun for bringing the Christ Church under the same rector and choir master in closer touch with his chor¬ vestry, the two to be styled “the United isters. - Congregations of Christ Church and St. The plan by which this has been accom¬ Peter’s.” plished is entirely different from that In March. 1763, they agreed to the erec¬ originally contemplated. It is that ot tion of an organ, "providing that neither tubular pneumatics. It is the first time the said organ nor the organist shall be any [that it has been tried in this city, and in expense to the churches until the debt for building St. Peter’s Church is paid,” and jfaet there is nothing entirely like it in the the contract was accordingly given to Philip (Country. A new keyboard and action Feyring. William Youug and Francis llop- have been built and set up in the pew in the side aisle, adjoining the left row of kinson, afterward Judge of the United choir stalls. The action of the old key¬ States District Court, and one of the signers board was the tracker, that of the new is of the Declaration of Independence, gave the tubular pneumatic. Every key and their services as organist and choirmaster stop in the latter is connected by a five- | respectively. eighths zinc tube with the corresponding On December 10,1770, John Bankson was ikey ana stop in the orgau proper, which [appointed organist, The organ at this (still retains its place in the loft above the (time occupied the north gallery, ouly half i chancel, and the moving of the pedals, and ! of which in consequence could be let out the touch of the players' fingers on the for pews. Accordingly the vestry recorn- keys below releasesj^he imprisoned air. j mended at a meeting held on July 12, 1774, ihsre are in all 16S tubes, or 11,000 feet of 1 that it be taken down and sold. The mat¬ tubing. The zinc pipes pass from the ter, however, laid over for eight years, and organ down the interior of a column at the jit was not until January 31, 1789,that it was extreme left-hand corner of the chancel ( finally decided to erect a new gallery over where they are completely hidden from i tbe chancel to receive the organ, and that view, into a brick-walled trench extending six gallery pews be made where the organ underneath tbe floor of the north chancel [now stands. This is undoubtedly the anrogg the marble paved aisle, directly present organ loft. The case is nearly as old, and came from St. Paul’s. The organ [under the action and keyboard with which of 1789 was in use twenty-six years, when [they are connected. It will be- two weeks it was replaced at a cost of $3500. The before tbe work is completed. present instrument was rebuilt in 83. •VF'T r.l Ih about two weens, In St. Peter's quaint churchyard mould¬ a stupendous one, as t' ers the dust of such men as George If. instrument is sufficient three modern ones. Like St. Peter’s, St. Paul toric associations. The old high-bac pews were long ago replaced (by a lovi

A Corner in St. Paul's Churchyard. The Bishop’s Chair, Sc. Paul's.

Dallas, Commodore Decatur, Chief Justice but hardly more modern looking article of Chew, Nicholas Biddle, old Dr. Adam furniture. The altar rail is the original Kuhn, Joseph B. Ingersoll and Pat Lyons. one and the first communion table is still Numbered among its parishioners have to be seen in the Sunday school under¬ been many of the most distinguished peo¬ neath, while the massive iron gates that ple of the city. In its vestry room are originally gave entrance to tbe court yard quaint and curious relics. In the latter part in front of the sacred edifice still do dutv of the last century the lottery took the with a necessary addition at the bottom of place of the present church fair as a means later origin when it became neeessarv to of raising money for ecclesiastical purposes, lengthen the portals. and to relieve itself from the overhanging Time’s progress has converted the com debt, including the balance due the Build- fcrtable residences within the parish ing Committee, the vestry in 1765 applied bounds into business places, and scattered to the “Honorable House of the Freemen the once nourishing congregation. They of Pennsylvania’’for liberty to raise by way formed other ecclesiastical ties, and to-day of lottery the sum of £1500 and a quarter it is doubtful if there are a half-dozen of ticket in the scheme bangs in a neat frame the old families connected with the church. on the vestry room wall. Unlike St. Peter’s,interest in the historic associations was not kept up, and the CHANGES AT ST. PAUL’S. graveyard in the rear of the church, of At St. Paul’s Church the changes made whose existence comparatively few persons this Summer, while less elaborate, are are aware, has fallen into a sad state of equally worthy of mention. The history decay. In this neglected “God’s Acre’’ ot the church is contemporaneous with that moulders the dust of the long-forgotten of St. Peter’s, the erection of the building dead. The record of an interment made having been,according to the records, com¬ in 17.51, that of Ann, daughter of Neoma and— —---Daniel - O’Neeill.^ ■is» still etcuseen Ul|on theUic pleted on December 20, 1761. It wa3 organ¬ crumbling tombstone, and there are doz-i ized by the evangelical element in the de¬ ens bearing date of the closing years of the nomination, which characteristic it main¬ last century. tained for more than a hundred and twenty-five years. Since it passed under whf.ee FOKKEST’S BODY LIES. the control of St. James’ Church several In a vault along the southern wall, near the years ago, to which it is now attached as Third Street guts is tbe Forrest family tomb, 1 a mission, it has in a measure departed wherein reposes the body of the great tra¬ from the conservative stand of its founders, of which fact the introduction of a vested gedian. Within are also the bones of his choir some months ago is an illustration. father, William Forrest, who was horn in The same difficulty with the boy choris¬ 1758 and died in 1819; of his mother. Be-. ters was encountered here as at St. Peter’s. beeca Forrest, born 1763, died 1847, and of! The organ stood its the gallery in the ex- I their children, with the exception of Lorman treme western end of the church. In the j Forrest, whom tbe tablet states was born beginning of August the work of removing in 1796 anu died in South America. Then it from the position it bad held ever since follows William F., born 1800, died 1634 -j 1849, when it was built, was begun. The Henrietta, born 1796, died 1863; Caroline’ instrument is already set lip adjoining the born 1802, died 1869; Eleonora, born 1808 j left side of the chancel in tbe extreme east¬ died 1871; Edwin, born March 9, 1806, died ern end of the building. The tuning is well December 12, 1872. under way and the work will be completed j The old graveyard abounds in quaint epitaphs. As in St. Peter’s a sumber of ‘ ..' SfA \ • eoaKVU . i. 33

re to be Found— How They _fed Came to he Erected. the flooring «*. ieb postion of the stru atively modern origin. As ongi- Lost sight of among their massive neigh¬ nafiv"constructed there was no provision bors, the three narrowest houses iu Philadel¬ made for this later day adjunct of church phia arc not dwellings, they arc shops, in work, and when it heenme necessary tc provide for it. there being no collar, an each of which the conventional “ bulk win¬ excavation was made several feet in depth, dow proclaims them to be given over to the

and the church floor was raised several feet, j quest for the almighty dollar. thereby furnishing the necessary apart¬ 1 The house which has long enjoyed the dis¬ ments'in which are now contained many tinction of being the smallest in the city s interesting and time-worn relics, not the least of which are the tiny seats still in confines is the attenuated structure sit¬ uated on South Seventh street, a few doors ! above Catharine. The twelve-foot fronts which are put up in these days by Philadelphia builders who take a narrow view of things, are spacious iu comparison with this diminutive building, which measures just five feet from wall to wall, the space on the ground floor being evenly divided between a narrow doorway and a bulk window, which gives the place all I the appearance of a “real store.” For the last seven years this white frame building has maintained the even tenor of its Darrow liIe, sandwiched in between its broad- faced brick neighbors in a wav strongly sugges¬ tive of a thin strip of Swiss cheese in the clutches of two generous slices of rye bread. Its size and appearance have been an endless source of amusement and attrac¬ tion to the people in the neighborhood, arid peo¬ ple are said by the local gossips to have come from miles around just to get a peep at it. To the children of the neighborhood its chief Beading Desk, Pulpit and Sounding-Board of St attraction is the little Peter’s Church. bulk window, in which use in which the infant school scholars of are displayed its stock of fifty years ago sat and received their ele¬ wares. This little win¬ mentary religious training. dow contains the whole stock in trade of the shop, whose motley con¬ tents is almost summed W'Mlrii, up in a dozen sour balls, an odd copy ol Mother i Goose’s Melodies, two Ok/. I base ball bats, a choice 1 assortment of pc-nny L 1 rings, a limited supply . \^( of "McGinty caramels, S and an odd jar or two of j stick candy. t The owners of this THE 7TH ST. HOUSE curious little shop are so ... CM YOU SET IN THEM? excessively obese that Poppy Smith and his I corpulent sister liaye only to stand in front ot their little store to shut it oft completely THE THREE NARROWEST HOUSES IN from view, and it has long been a marvel to neoDle who ride down town m the PHILADELPHIA. Seventh street ears how two such Brob- dingnagians could possibly live 1U so lilliputian a structure. Naturally it is the three pigmy store fronts women who are most curious as to flow this apparently impossible feat is accomplished, and Poppy Smith savs that no small portion On Seventh Street, Fourth Street and Chest¬ of the receipts of his shop comes from the in¬ quisitive feminine passer-by who will stop in nut Street These Lilliputian Business and buy something just to find out how big, or rather just how little, the house is. It is only then that the discovery is made 'anyT'oOto left for mov-'-“jr—,—x L that the store is really an annex to No. 777, ing around. There is not a closet in the the dwelling next door above. Nevertheless house, and in the demand for space the this small house has four rooms of its own on little hulk window' formerly used to display the two upper stories, the second floor being wares has been ingeniously turned into a divided into a bathroom and a sleeping apart¬ pantry by the addition of shelves and a pro¬ ment, and the third tecting glass door. The kitchen is just big floor being likewise enough|to hold a table and a,stove, and there utilized to accommo¬ is no superfluous furniture in the two hod date the overflow of rooms on the second floor. In these rooms persons from the ad¬ an ordinary-sized person could not stand joining big house erect without humping the head, although which the family has the ceiling of the ground floor is rather better outgrown. A close placed, being about seven feet high. rival to Poppy :§ At No. 234 Chestnut stands another little Smith’s diminutive ■store, which has the reputation of being si penny shop is the ^perfect little mint for its owners. During its quaint little building ‘seventy-five years ot existence it has always on Fourth street be¬ been a cigar store, and though its big, mod¬ low Girard avenue, ern bulk window, overhanging Exchange or more exactly on Place, does its best to broaden its breadth to the southeast corner the eye, it is impossible to disguise the lilli- of Fourth and Beaver putian dimensions of its antique, weather-; streets. The breadth worn front. This building, unlike Phila¬ of this building is delphia’s other pigmy business establish-; exactly the same as j meets, is built of brick, and there are just; that of its Seventh! eight bricks in each row from wall to wall, j street rival, but it The front is believed to be the narrowest onei lacks the longdrawn in existence, it being just 4 feet 10 inches in; out height ol the lat¬ breadth. ter structure and its This Chestnut street front, while generally narrowness is there- conceded to he one of the oddest freaks in lore not brought ouL 1‘ the building line in this city, scarcely de- so prominently as; . serves to rank exactly with the other small\ otherwise it would! buildings mentioned, since they are complete] AT 4TH AND BEAVER. be by the contrast. j nouses in ihemselves, while the Chestnut For over a half; street store forms part of the remarkably century this tiny business establishment lias, alternated as a cake shop and cigar store, but f j narrow strip of building which extends along ’ fexchange Place all the way back to Carter’s for the last eighty-four years it lias been | ; alley. given over entirely to use as a private house. 1 The house was built about sixty years ago by .John Lenz, a fambus old Third street There is, however, an interesting history cabinetmaker, and when first erected excited connected with the way this curious little considerable comment because of its unusual strip of a house came to exist. Seventy-five character. Lenz, it appears, tried to acquire the or eighty years ago it formed part of the adjoining plot of ground, and upon the owners Fotterall mansion, which occupied the whole refusing to sell put up the little house by ground where Exchange Place now is. way of spite. The house is now occupied by Caspar Franz, a venerable German who In these early days the Post Office was on has just turned his 74th year. Franz has Carter s alley, just back of Dr. Jayne’s lived in the house for over twenty-five years, building. The city desiring to have a thor¬ and when its owner, Mrs. Margaret Mitchell, oughfare from the Post Office opening out on wealthy Scotch woman ___ Chestnut street, selected what is now Ex- who kept a bakery °n change Place as the best site, and offered to Fourth street, below Gi- buy from the Fotteralls their mansion. They I rard avenue,died twelve ^ 1 Wmm. refused, however, to sell or to vacate their years ago she left Franz property, and the city finally had to forcibly ] the house rent free for take possession of the house, cutting off just I life. The old gentleman ; enough for street purposes, and leaving the takes the best of care of narrow strip which stands to this day. The his little home, and is owners of the property finally became paci- j never contented unless ■j flea and put in a front to the narrow slice endowing it with nu¬ remaining, which was divided up into a num¬ merous fresh coats of ber of small stores. paint. As a consequence During the war a number of fortunes were it is a marvel of neat¬ coined in these places, and the financial sue-1 ness and cleanness. Vis¬ cess of the Chestnut street front has held out! itors who are fortunate even to present times, its present occunants enough to set foot in the owning the whole series of small shops on Ex- interior of Mr. Franz’s change Place. Pennington Brothers have' diminutivedomicile find ^ept the little cigar shop for the past twenty! it hard to believe that yeais, and previous to them the place was oc¬ they are not in a baby cupied for a great number of years by a; play house, the whole thing seeming so much ^*“n, w!l0 rePllted to be worth . 000, most of which was gained in this, like a great big rect¬ (little odd building. angular box, divided up into four compartments. In the little space, 5x10, called the sitting room, there is just space enough for two eh a small rocker irigerator, with scarcely on chestnut ST. —

' .

C $ , $a/.

“ WEST’S PICTURE HOUSE.” / AN OLD JNN SOLD. :A" New “ospJt^r to fe Erected In th# Landmark’s Place. K Marliley Property in be Used The old building known as «• West’s Flo. for [tore House,” which stands in the ground^ Mamifiscturhigpurposes,tog/« ,of the Pennsylvania Hospital, facing Sprue" The old Markley proWWy,roMrty, at Broad and street, is to be demolished to make foom fop Germantown avenue, has beenbee sold to F. G |a new hospital building. The destrncit«™ Palmer and George A. Rice, of Palmer & ol the old building, which is one of the land- Rice Manufacturing- Company, 2204 North marks of the city, will not begin before No- | Broad street, for $105,000. vember at the earliest. In its place a ward The property consists of almost two acres for surgical cases will be erected of land, with a building that was erected more The original building, which is the central I ‘hac sevenly-five years ago for inn purposes. portion ot the present structure, was built In !hose days and for almost forty years af¬ alter plans designed by Benjamin West the terwards it was tbe only hostelry'between great painter, for the exhibition of hi! the city proper and Germantown. Its loca noted painting, ..Christ Healing the Sick ” tion at the junction of GermantownlaveuuV 1 he iamous picture, covering 160 square feel Busier road and Broad street and its conveni¬ of canvas, now hangs in the clinic hail. ence made It one of the greatest resorts In old As it now stands the building j8 rmti« : times and before consolidation it was yearly different from that designed by ^eniam'in [the place for holding the convention of the West, wings having befn added, ^'toa original portion can be Identified by the township, which then included Coopervilie long pointed windows and the old fashioned Frank!mville, Nicetown.Stenton, RisingSun way of laying brick. , mnea |aDd the Falls. West was at the zenith of his fame livin'. In the early part of tbe present century j“E'JglaQda* historical painter to George tbe structure was built, it replaced an the Third, when the Pennsylvania Hospital old huUdmg tnat was erected prior to the was completed. It was in 1800 that toe di Revolutionary war. 'The land at tbat;time con- rectors of the hospital, in a reporrsoficifed sti toted a portion of a farm owned by Patrick f°r ^e manager’s room a painting from Keeley, and extended trom the Markiev West. The painter heard of the request, an d building south to the locality what is known as Pennsylvania Railroad and Ger. in a letter dated July 8, 1801, embraced to4 man.own avenue and which was thirty opportunity to honor his native land Umm years ago cal led the old Rising Sun Pa,k * that time until 1810 he was silent SaS scorch ^raZk e/ bul.!c1in- is surrounded by the picture. In August of 1810 he wrote tin? scores of big frees, including willow maole hospital directors an apology for his appar¬ aa°h ha.fPaff fefeetDtd ?ined diameter,r’’ some ofand wblob apparently are i'vo were and ent neglect and resumed work on the pic¬ planted many years ago. ywore ture. All rejoicings were ended, however After the passage of the Brooks’ license when in 1811 West wrote that so much pres! law the courts refused to grant the proprietor sure had been brought to bear on him to sell a if cense and it was closed. The fenced soon the plcaire in England for the nucleus of a tumbled down, cattle roaming at lar^e and national gallery that be had yielded He mf/01! S ° tb® neighborhood found shelter gave the assurance, however, that he had th,e Porches of the once attractive way. determined to paint for toe hospltalan- side nostelry. The building showed si^ns of decay lately and many o( the beaulifuf efms other picture, whicn would be better than became worthless because of neglect to prune IC was fimslletl in 1815. and reached Philadelphia October 13, 1817. C eC* Tna hotel will be permitted to stand until Intere,t In the work was" so great that the firm of which Mr. Palmer and Mr Rice fue members complete arrangements for the West was informed that a building for the construction of a large manufactory. exhibition of toe painting would be erected in conlormity with his views. Stephen Giraid headed toe list of contributions for its erection by giving $iooo. West’s designs were carried out, and toe building soof to be torn down was erected. At least 100 (M persons saw toe painting, and toe hospital netted 815,000 from its exhibition? genius of the painter achieved a remarkable result in the picture, and the people regarded it with a de¬ ^777 gree of admiration amounting tn reverence. It was shown at art exhibitions toe cUnlcehalinteDnlaI’ “a at last *»*>* In A VETERAN OFFICER Separated from the picture, the building became the meeting place of the College of Physicians, and afterward the homeofthn ! Historical Society, it is now u?ed as ® Pen Portrait of House Sergeant Rit- " irmltory. as a tenhouse Fraley,

IN OFFICIAL HARNESS 35 YEARS K'. £'£ until the'Eides wen; made up into foot

Mr. Fraley’s Long Connection With W From 1838 to 1840 he associated hWj the Police Department Marked by self with John Bringhurst in the grocery ■ Unswerving Honor and Fidelity. and general store business, on Main street, below Bringhurst. In 1841 he Serving an Apprenticeship of Thir¬ went into the milling business, doing a teen Years at the Shoemaking Trade. thriving trade for several years, but, owing to ill health was compelled to, Rittenhouse Fraley was born about retire temporarily. I the time the United States declared war The shoemaker shop in years gone by against Great Britain for interfering was not only the headquarters for the with our neutral trade, June 7, 1812, on ministers of the town, who came there Main street, opposite where St. Ste¬ to read the Bible and speak of sacred | phen’s M. E. Church now stands, and truths with a reverence that all the boys, rhile he cannot remember hearing the respected, but politics, too, was a part oft ip of the drum to which the German- the everyday discussion among those iwn volunteers marched on their way who dropped in to hear the news, and t Camp Dupont, previous to the war read the newspapers, and before he at- ■» e has a fund of information about old tained his majority young Fraley was a I >ermantown, which is always interest- pronounced Whig. He was an admirer j of Clay and Webster, in their debates with Benton and Calhoun, and when the Republican party was formed in 1856 be was one of the most enthusiastic admir¬ ers of Gen. Fremont, and has been from j that day to the present one of the staunched supporters of Republican principles. In the year 1848 he was elected Taxi Collector of the borough of Germantown, j a position he held until 1854, when thei office was abolished at the time of the consolidation of the borough as apart, of the city proper. When the Townj Hall was erected Mr. Fraley was ap¬ pointed Superintendent of Construction, and upon its completion, owing to ill health, was compelled to retire from active business. In January, 1858, Mr. Fraley was ap¬ pointed telegraph operator at the Four¬ teenth district station-house, and the official notification of his appointment, neatly framed, is now hanging on the walls of the station-house. It reads as RITTENHOUSE FRALEY, follows : ing and instructive. With the exception of two years when a lad, which was Philadelphia, January, 3 William J. Phillips, Esq. : . spent at Harper’s Ferry, his father hav¬ Please give instructions m the use 01 the ing been Superintendent of the Govern¬ fire and police telegraph to Rittenhouse Fraley, of the Twenty-second ward, and re¬ ment gunworks there, his whole life has port when he is competent to be appointed been spent in Germantown. He received to such duty. Very respectfully, Alex. Henry, Mayor. his early education at the private schoo of Francis Bockius, located on Mam Mr. Fraley, when still a young man, street, adjoining the old Buttonwood married Annie Curland, with whom he. Hotel, and at the Germantown Academy. lived for nearly a half century, she hav¬ When thirteen years of age he was ap¬ ing died several years ago. His daugh¬ prenticed to the shoemaking trade with,, ter, is Mrs. Bella Reaver, widow of George H. Wilson, who had his shoe- , Charles Reaver, of Harvey street. maker shop at No. 4755, Main street, His grandson, Rittenhouse Reaver, serving thirteen years. His apprentice¬ occupies the responsible position of Dis¬ ship was an unusual length of time, but trict Passenger Agent for the Phila¬ he learned every detail of the business of delphia and Reading Railroad. Mr. making boots and shoes, and acquired a Fraley was secretary of the Sunday- thorough knowledge of the leather busi¬ school of the Haines Street Methodist ness from the first process of tanning] Church for five years, and during the Now it is a Tumble-Down Old Rookery Soon time of its existence, a member of the to be Removed—The Old... State Works Good Intent Bucket Hose Company, of Germantown. During the war he was and the Changes Since They Were First the only telegraph operator in German¬ Undertaken. --- town, and crowds of people visited the old Town Hall, where he was then sta¬ The clang of the bell as the first locomotive tioned, to get the latest news. slowly rumbled, into the new train shed at Mr. Fraley is the grandson of Henry Twelfth and Arch streets recently was the . (Fraley in Watson’s Annals, as known | passing knell of that structure which age, instead of making venerable, has converted ’ . familiarly by General Washington, who into an eyesore and blot on the locality. We *used to spend much time in his carpenter refer to the old station at Thirteenth and shop. Henry Fraley made drums and Callowhill streets, which is to be removed as other material for the Government, soon as the new depot at Market street is j Rittenhouse Fraley has two ancient opened. And yet in its day, which was many I chairs which belonged to his grand¬ decades since, the building along Callowhill fathers. His impression is that Man- street was considered a model in its way, heim street took its name from his although the present generation has known it grandfather’s farm which was called only as a tumble-down, grimy rookery, as Manheim Farm. The grandfather was antiquated in its appointments as in its style from Germany. The old farm-house of architecture. When built it formed one of has disappeared. Mr. Sellers bought the the numerous structures in the vicinity ismall farm of Henry Fraley’s estate, now erected in connection with the old State works. apart of the Manheim cricket grounds. Solomon Fisher next purchased it, and It is difficult to realize the vast changes erected the comfortable mansion which which have taken place since the first pick is now occupied by Dr. Dee. This was was struck into the ground for the building long the abode of the late John S. of the canals and railroads which were in¬ jhittell, Esq., and is yet in the hands of tended jointly to form a through line for the family. Dr. Hewson occupied a house transportation from one end of Pennsylvania which stood on the site or forms a part to the other. Without going into details as of the mansion built by Mr. Fisher. He to the coustruetion of the works, a few facts was only a summer resident of German- in connection with the line may be of inter¬ Jtown. The Fraley family never resided est. The Columbia Railroad started in Phil¬ ;°n this farm, but Henry Fraley lived adelphia at Broad and Vine streets, running north to Pennsylvania avenue and then over where St. Stephen’s Methodist Church the present route of the Reading Railroad stands on Main street. His carpenter to the western bank of the Schuylkill. shop stood where the parsonage is now From the end of the Columbia bridge started located. A private wagon-road ran be¬ an inclined plane 2,805 feet long, rising 187 feet, and worked by an engine of sixty horse¬ tween the carpenter shop and Jung- power with an endless rope seven inches in ikurth’s carriage shop, which wasjust diameter. The upper end of the plane was above. The parsonage also covers the below and east of Belmont Mansion, and the road as well as the site of the carpenter noise and close proximity of the cars soon rendered the old house uninhabitable. From shop. The carriage shop still stands. the plane the line run north west below Christ The chairs named are said to have been Church Hospital. Crossing the route of the used by General Washington in his vis¬ Schuylkill division of the Pennsylvania Rail¬ its. road near Bala it continued west and tell into the present line of the Pennsylvania Road near Elm. It is very easy to trace the old road through the Park, and the excava¬ tions in the hillside north ot Lancaster pike, near Fifty-ninth street, are plainlv visible. There was another plane at Columbia, aban¬ doned, however, in 1840. and on October 15, 1850, the Belmont plane was also abandoned.

Through lack of funds or mismanagement, the roadway was allowed to get into verv poor condition, so that in 1839 only one track REMIMpLHEPOT was fit for use as far as Malvern, the inter¬ section with the West Chester Railroad, the other being unavailable except for slow (THE BUILDING AT THIRTEENTH AND travel with cars pulled by horses. In conse¬ CALLOWHILL STREETS. quence of this, there being no telegraph, no trains could leave Philadelphia after 10 o’clock in the morning until all the trains IT WAS A MODEL IN ITS DAY arrived from Columbia, which latter did not often get in until late at night. In 1839 there Iwere in use five anthracite and four bitumi- it*fins coal-burning engines and twenty writer has as a boy roamed over nearly every wood burners Even then the carrying of; foot of the old road, clambered down the in¬ passengers atul freight was .largely done by clines. traced the line over the levels and private companies, which paid toll I peeped with fearful heart into the old tun¬ k track and engines. The right t^ do this nel at the summit long disused and un-: was granted by the Legislature April 15, lbo . dreamed of by the thousands of travelers passing through the great Gallitzin tunnel Columbia was the eastern terminus of the hut a few rods away. Latterly the Pennsyl¬ vania Bailroad has laid tracks again on the Pennsylvania Canal, and, like many other1 old road-bed and use them for the relief of towns which have been left high and dry by the main line. the changing tide of travel, has never recov¬ ered from the loss of prestige caused by di-, To go back to the canal. As it left the 0 version of traffic from the caual to the Juniata river at Petersburg and struck across through railroad. It has been many yeal-S the country to Hollidaysburg, a distance of since Columbia saw a fast express train all nearly thirty miles, it was necessary to have except local passenger traffic going from an unusual supply of water at the head of the Middletown to Lancaster via the Mount Joy caual to keep it navigable. Partly on this branch. Years ago, however <-olumbia. was account and partly to provide water for the a bustling town with exceedingly bright entire western section in dry weather, an prospects. What with being the terminus ot enormous reservoir was built above Holli¬ the railroad and the Pennsylvania Cana! and daysburg, a mile and a half distant from the to all purposes ot the Susquehanna and Tide-; water Canal also, there were, busy scenes at terminus of the waterway. Four hundred the transfer stations, and the long Imes of aud sixty acres of land were purchased from canalboats and the near-by freight cars Judge McEwan and on this a dam 28 feet high swarmed with laborers handling shipments. and 1,230 feet long was constructed. This Westward from Columbia the canal reservoir and the one on the western slope of; stretched for 173 miles to Hollidaysburg, and the mountains were not built with the canal, only twenty miles of the entire distance; hut were the result of experience, being au¬ was slackwater, that is, where the river is thorized byact of Legislature dated February; used instead of an artificial channel, whereas; 18, 1836. The dams were finished about 184Li fuTlv one-halt of the Schuylkill Canal is so Long alter the western end of the Juniata formed, the most familiar example beina; division was abandoned the old reservoir was from the Callowhill street bridge to Mana-( kept full of water. At length, in 1881 or vunk The State, however, was building for I 1862, a heavy storm caused the dam to break posterity, and the question of cheapness did and the contents poured harmlessly down not enter into consideration. At Middletown the valley. The bed of the dam is now a fine) the Union Canal connected with the main farm. stem, extending to Beading, a distance of seventy-eight miles, forming a through in¬ The Western division of the Pennsylvania land water line from Philadelphia, Pottsvnle Canal, extending from Johnstown to Pitts¬ and all points on the Schuylkill Canal to the burg, 104 miles, was early abandoned, but interior of the State. This was once a much- while in use the State found it necessary to traveled Toute, and was especially in favor erect a reservoir similar to the one at Holli¬ with merchants who desired their goods toi daysburg. After much surveying the Canal go through without transfer. Commissioners located the dam at a point recommended by Sylvester Welsh, of Phila- Many must have noticed the picturesque delphia, ten miles above Johnstown, on the scene a few miles west of Harrisburg at Bock-1 south fork of the Little Conemaugh river. ville where the Pennsylvania Bailroad sud-; Here they built a structure 62 feet high, 850 denly bends south aud crosses the Susque¬ feet long, holding 430.000.000 cubic teet of hanna. Along the east bank of the river water, sufficient to supply the canal for three flows the canal smooth and clear in striking months, the cost being about $200,000. Little thought the projectors of this dam that the contrast with the gurgling river. For many ; structure would make for itself a history miles the railroad runs alone along the west! never to he forgotten—the Johnstown flood. hank of the Susquehanna and then ot the, The original dam stood intact until 1860, Juniata, but suddenly an old-fashioned struc¬ when it broke and remained unused until ture over the stream, apparently a road 1880, when it was rebuilt by the South Fork Fishing Club. The engineer who constructed bridge, resolves itself into an aqueduct, and the first dam was William E. Morris, aud it through the low arches of the roof the traveler is a fact worthy of note that when the dam can see the dark waters of the canal. There; burst in 1889 the old portion stood firm. were thirty-seven of these aqueducts and 252, After operating the canal for many years, overhead bridges along the line of the canal the Commonwealth concluded to retire from ere it was partly abandoned. . , the transportation business, and in 1857 sold Hollidaysburg, the western terminus of the out bag and baggage to the Pennsylvania Bailroad Company. The demolition of the Juniata division of the canal, was even worse old station at Callowhill street will remove stricken than Columbia when bereft of her the last vestige of the old regime from our through trade. The beautiful Blair county midst. • A capital has become a mere adjunct to its younger but lustier rival, Altoona. At- Hol- Hdaysburg the canal ended and the famous 'Portage Railroad begun. This road was put into use about 1832. The chains used for, hoisting cars were imported from Enja . Popes were also used, and m order to protect them from the weather it was at one time intended to place a roof over the planes. The About this time by order of the vestry of - the church, the bust of George II was taken from the chancel wall and conveyed to a place of obscurity, and as rather a carious coincidence constituting what might be called “the eternal fitness of things” the crown that had for years occupied a place on top of the steeple of the church was struck by lightning and completely melted S^-p-tt->, Qe-L J/J-’fJs away. KO PRAYERS FOR KINGS. While the chimes of the church alluded to above were ringing on the initial Inde¬ pendence Day a meeting of the vestry was held, and it was decided to request the rec¬ tor for the peace and well-being of the Sketch of the Venerable Place church to eliminate from the book of prayer those petitions in the litany wherein the of Worship and Its In¬ King of Great Britain was prayed for. The old prayer book is still kept in the church teresting’ Associations. and can be seen by any visitor, containing the alterations made by Bishop White, where that celebrated divine crossed out the prayer for the King of Great Britain ALWAYS FOR INDEPENDENCE. and inserted in his own handwriting a prayer for the President of the United States. There are also to be seen among the relies of the church the old bust of The Chimes of the Edifice Rang Out George II and the royal arms of the church that are carved in wood and were in use be¬ the Message of Liberty Simul¬ fore the Revolution. mere is one very interesting relic that on taneously with Indepen¬ special occasions is still used in old Christ Church, and that is a set of communion dence Bel], and Informed plate presented to the church by Queen Anne in 1708, and which contains the the Citizens of Amer¬ inscription “Anna Regina in usum Ecclesia Anglicanae apud Philadelphium A.D.1708.” ican Victories. The plate was brought over from England and presented to the church, on behalf of Q,ueen Anne, by the noted Parson Evan3 who was a close friend of William Pena. T may be a matter of local Any person passing along Chestnut Street historic information of and glancing up toward the roof ®f the old some interest that when, State House can see the figures on the water on the 8th of July, 1776, spout “ 1733,” indicating the year of the the old Liberty beli, then completion of the building and when it is hanging in the belfry of known that Christ Church cornerstone was the State House, rang out laid on the 27th of April, 1727, and the the joyful sounds that pro¬ western end of the present edifice finished claimed liberty throughout in July, 1731, it will ba seen that the the land, the chimes of Old Christ Church present building antedates •Christ Church on Second Independence Hal], but both of the historio Street above Market Street, immediately edifices were planned and built by the began ringing in unison with the State same architect, Dr. John Kearsley.who died j House bt-11. More than that, there were in 1772 and whosa remains lie in the old demonstrations of the patriotism of the day Christ Church burial ground at Fifth and going on in and around Old Christ Church Arch Streets. before the occurrence of the scenes in When the body of tbe cburch was com¬ that culminated in the pleted according to tbe plans of Dr. Kears- Declaration of Independence. ley, Benjamin Franklin, who had been a For instance, it is a recorded fact in the member of tbe vestry for several years, j old records of the church that as early as took an active part in the erection of the j June 23, 1775, the pastor of Christ Church spire, and the old familiar “Christ Church j deliveted from the pulpit a fervent pa¬ steeple,” as seen at the present day, is triotic address that had much to do mainly the result of the architectural plan¬ with shaping the popular sentiment ning of Benjamin Franklin. in the direction of resistance to alien rule. This address was THE FIRST CHRIST CHURCH. called “The Present Situation of American The first place of worship erected on the Affairs,” and was published and reprinted present site of old Christ Church was in in repeated editions and sent all over 1695, but the church had its real origin in Europe as well as through the original the original charter of Pennsylvania. There thirteen States. A few days afterward Con¬ was a provision in the grant of King gress appointed a day of humiliation, fast¬ ing, and prayer, and the members of Con¬ Charles II to William Penn in 1681 that gress attended service at Christ Church in whenever twenty people in the colony ; a body. Among those present on that oc- should make a petition to that effect they I casion were John Adams, Samuel Adams, j should have the right to organize a Church llloger Sfcerman, Philip Livingston, Ben- of England parish and apply to the Bishop jjamin Franklin. John Jay,Patrick Henry, of London for a clergyman. In 1695 the [John Hancock,P.icbard Henry Lee.Thoma’s Eetition was circulated and had several Jefferson, and a number of other patriot undred signatures. There was some leaders. Quaker opposition, but it was short lived. *4 f

CHRIST CHURCH As IT IS TO-DAY. and the first small Christ Church building was erected were taken down and removed to Allentown Another unpublished historical fact con¬ to prevent them from falling into the nected with Old Christ Church is that on hands of the enemy. When the war was the outbreak of the Revolution one of the over the bells were replaced at the public clergy of the chutch, the Rev. Dr. Duche, expense. The chimes were placed in posi bflfered up at Carpenter’s Uall, Chestnut tion in November, 1754, and they were cast Street below Fourth, toe first prayer made by Lester & Peck, of the White Chapel before the First Continental Congress that! Bell Foundry in London. The tower and met in the little historic building. When j spire plans of the church were considered the news of the British blockade of the port of Boston reached Philadelphia the in June, 1746, but the improvements were chimes of Christ Church rang out a mourn¬ not made until subscriptions were sought ful peal. Shortly after this the famous to begin them in March, 1751. As a proof Bishop White, who then belonged to Christ; that lotteries were not looKed upon with Church, became the first chaplain of the such disfavor in the days of yore as they Continental Congress and be remained in! are at the present time, it may be men¬ that position until Congress removed to; tioned that in October, 1752, a lottery was authorized to raise money to complete the Washington in 1801. Bishop White’s por- j trait may now be seen hanging on the wall tower and spire, and a large sum was ob¬ of Independence Hall. As the War of the ! tained by a successful scheme which if at¬ Revolution progressed the chimes of Christ! tempted at the present day would not only Church rang out whenever the tidiDgs came subject the projectors to fine or imprison¬ of successes of the Continental Army and it ] ment but would make orthodox church peo¬ often happened that the first intimation that ple raise their eyes in holy horror. the citizens would have of a victory for The first lottery to raise funds for the tower and spire was such a success that in the American arms would be the joyful; February, 1753, a supplemental lottery was ■ - AS? sounds of the chimes. authorized and the present well-known SAVING THE BELLS. Christ Church steeple owes its existence in In November, 1779, when Philadelphia a great degree to the now criminal proceed¬ was about being ocoupi°d by the British ing of holding a lottery. troops, seven of the bells of Christ Church | THE FIRST ORGAN. .. I It was as far baok as the year 1728 that| •i

the gan for Christ Church and and illustrious characters as Bishop White, was raised for the purpose and an organ Robert Morris, Treasurer of the Revolu¬ was built that filled every requirement of tion ; Major General Lee, of the Revolu¬ tionary Army; John Penn, proprietor of that early period and it lasted until 1766, when a new organ was procured which had Pennsylvania; Andrew Hamilton, Lady 27 stops and 1607 pipes. This organ did Ann Keith, Brigadier General Forbis, of duty as such for about seventy years and Braddock’s expedition ; Thomas Graeme,the the present organ, so well-known to all colonial judge, and a number of others. Philadelphia choir singers, whs erected in Old Christ Church grave-yard,at the cor¬ 1836. It has 32 stops and 1809 pipes ana ner of Fifth and A-rch Streets, was acquired was constructed by Henry Erhen. At the bv the board of trustees of Christ Church time the present organ was built the inte¬ jss early as 1719 and has been a burial place rior of the church was modernized and new !evcr since.V-V. . The* "v last interment there of, the galleries were erected, but in 1882 the iremftias of any person of note were tnose church underwent complete restoration and lot the late Major General George Cadwal- the interior additions that were made in ader, who died a few years ago,and was in¬ 1836 and 1864 were removed. terred in the same vault where his ancestor. As this sketch is only intended as a scrap Major General Thomas Cadwalader, of the War of 1812, sleeps his last sleep. of history, hitherto unpublished, about Old Among others who are interred at the Christ Church, it would be a work of su¬ , Fifth and Arch Streets grave-yard (in ad¬ pererogation to sav anything about the dition to Benjamin and Deborah Franklin) Washington or Franklin pews, but it may are Dr. John Kearsley, the architect of ,be placed on record that General Washing¬ (Christ Church and Independence Hall; ton and bis wife, Martha Washington, were Commodores Bainbridge, Truxton, Biddle regular worshipers at Old Christ Church ’and Richard Dais; Chief Justices Freder¬ during the entire period of his Presi¬ ick Smyth and William Tilghman, Hon. dency from 1790 to 1797, and after¬ iWilliam M. Meredith, secretary of the ward “’Washington’s Pew” was voted by United States Treasury; Benjamin Rush, the vestry of the church as the pew of John signer of tbs Declaration of Independence; Adams. The latest patriotic celebration Hon. Peyton Randolph, first President of of importance at Old Christ Church were the Continental Congress; Hon. Francis the ceremonies connected with the obser¬ Hopkinson, signer of the Declaration of vance of the centennial anniversary of Independence; Professor Bird Wilson, D. American indpendence, when impressive D LL. D.; the famous Philadelphia phy¬ services were held in the church on the sician, Dr. P. S. Physic,and a number of the 3d of July, 1876 officers of the Revolutionary War. i . It is a well-known fact that the first Christ Church Hospital was founded m American flag of the stars and stripes pat¬ 1772 by Dr. John Kearsley and it has pro¬ tern was made by Mrs. Ross in a house gressed until to-day. The hospital building that is still standing on Aijph Street, al- is one of the largest and most costly hos¬ ' n>ost within a stone’s throw of Old Christ pitals in the State. iChurch, but it is not so well known; that iTHE FIRST PASTOR’S FATE. Mrs.iurs. Ross was at thatmai umetime a parismonerparishioner ■ of Christ Church and was a regular attend- Yellow fever was epidemic in Philadel ’jant with members of her family and the phia in 1697 and during that year the Rev. “Mrs. Ross pew” is still kept intact and Thomas Clayton, the first pastor of Christ shown to visitors. Church, died of that disease caught by him The interests attached to Christ Church while visiting the victims of the epidemic. i, do not center within the walls of the von- Rev. Evan Evans succeeded him, being |§ jerable pile alone. The church has inter¬ esting surroundings. In the old grave¬ sent over by the Bishop of London and yard immediately surrounding the church William Penn in a letter written at New . " ■ * • v ■ • f

■A 3

m

.0

INTERIOR OF CHRIST CHURCH. Castle and dated November 1, T700, said of Mr Evans: “The new minister sent over Tetore a crowded congregation,and so great! tor Philadelphia has been with me and ap¬ was tne desire to hear the renowned preacher i pears a man sober and of a mild disposi- that tor several evenings afterward be! pieacfied to multitudes at the street cor-1 non. Rev. Dr. Evans subsequently visited ners. England and on bis return brought with him the service of silver plate already men¬ It wag on August 27, 1744,that the Christ1 tioned.- - —In 1712 the well-rememberedtt1cijjciuucreu Col-col¬ Chui eh wardens officially announced that I onel Quary presented a large silver flagon tile new church building was finished the l and two silver plates to the church, and eastern end being completed, and it was on I they can still be seen. May ^0,1/that the afterward greatly cel- When the corner-stone of the present at rhrl ?m0p )Vl,1!ia“ White was baptized Christ Church buildiug was laid on the at Christ Church by Rev. Dr. Jenney. ! afternoon of April 27. 1,27, the ceremonies It was just 137 years ago last June that) were quite imposing for that early period Accepted Masons of the city: and the stone that still rests under the ot Philadelphia attended service at Christ) western end of the church was placed there Church in a body. The members of the I by the Hon. P. Gordon, who at the time order were welcomed as they approached was Governor of the Province of Pennsvl- tlie church by the ringing oMhe bells. The! var.ia. The Governor was assisted bv the Masons were beaded by a bana.and as they Mayor and Recorder of tiie City, and'most entered the church building the musicians of the prominent Philadelphians of that Son?,’ UP tile “Entered Apprentices’ day were present. The first work done was building the west end of the church This is believed to be the first public ajid laying out the foundation of the tower. display ever made in the streets of Phila- ’V • 2 >he western end of the church was delphm by the Masonic fraternity. Just n,n.Is.bed measures were taken to remove the I I oerjre the Masonic visit, or on April 20, i oid building on the east without delay, as l/oo, Governor De Lancey, of New York, it was found to be very much decayed, but and Governor Shirley, of Masaehusetts, jit was 1735 before the eastern end was com- were weicomed to Christ Church at the’ . menced. The oid minutes of the vestry e ^uey were returning home from the show that in Kovember, 1739, the famous 7°.ngr.e.S8 °f Colonial Governors at Alexan- Dr. Whitfield preached at Christ Church uv, ’ la- Jbe Present rector of old Christ Church is Rev. C. Ellis Stevens,L. L. D., D *» ari(* ^he rector Emeritus is Rev. 43

?1U- - - ew ■■P A.Foggo, L.L.D. The church war¬ old Willcox Mill was first established in Del¬ 's are George M. Coates and Thopras H. aware county, and in view of the present in¬ "itgoruery, and the vestrymen are Wil- terest in the subject caused by the high price j White Wiltbank.Dr. John C.De Costa, Edward H. Coates, Edward Coles, Thonma of rags and the Willcox failure, it may not be jo . Seeds, Judge M. Russell Thayer, Hood out of place at the moment to take a glance Gilpin, and John E.Creth. j at the old rag and paper business during the last one hundred and fifty years. The first paper mill established in the or j United States was built as early as 1690 by William Rittenhousen to su pply the demands of William Bradford and several other early C printers and residents of Philadelphia. Old 2/ rags were by no means as plentiful in those days j as at the present moment, as it was only after I much coaxing that the world could be in-

THE OLD IVY MILL!

Here tHe

OW THE PAPER-MAKERS ARE SUPPLIED—-THE HISTORY OF THE OLD WILLCOX FIRM.

J The present cholera scare has made a de¬ duced to save its ragii Thus early American cided flurry in the business of the old rag newspapers are lull of quaint appeals in prose I men, as the restrictions placed by our quar¬ and verse to the people urging them to sell antine authorities on the importation and their supply of rags. In one of the papers I landing of foreign rags into this country has printed during the early part of the eigh¬ run the price of domestic old rags up to a teenth century, the following doggerel verses higher figure than they have been selling at appeared: for many years. This raise in the price of Rags are as beauties which concealed lie. raw material, rendering it impossible for the But when in paper, how it charms the eye ! Pray save your rags, new beauties to dis¬ firm to profitably live up to its contracts, has cover, caused the failure of the Willcox Paper Mills, For of paper, truly, every one’s a lover; By the pen and press such knowledge Is dis¬ one of the oldest establishments of its kind played in America. As wouldn’t exist if paper was not made. There have been a great many changes in Wisdom ot things, mysterious, divine, .Illustriously doth on paper shine. the rag and paper business since the historic | Bradford, Keimer, Franklin and our other [early printers were constantly making ap- IN THE DISTRICT. Ipp .. _ _ peals to the women, young, o!S ariST min'dle¬ One of the early paper mills made the fol¬ aped, of Philadelphia to save the smallest lowing appeal to the public: quantity of linen and cotton rags. High It the necessarv stock is denied the paperl prices were offered by our forefathers Iot this mills, young ladies must languish in vain commodity, as they were given as much as 3d. lor lender epistles from their respective! swains, bachelors may be reduced to a per per pound for clear white rags, 2d. and less sonal attendance upon the fair, when a writ for mixed, while now, that is previous to the ten communication would be an excellent! breaking out of the cholera, our frugal- substitute. For clean cotton and linen rags minded housewives receive but one-half or of any color or description, matrons can Pe| one-quarter of a cent per pound for the best furnished with Bibles, spectacles and snuff, mothers with grammars, spelling books and) grade of rags, known to the trade as “ city primers for theleir children, and young misses whites No. 1.” maybe supplied with bon uets. ribbons and | Fortunately for itself, but unfortunately ear-rings tor the decoration of their persons, for the dealers, America is still not a very b.v means of which they may obtain a hus¬ band, or by sending the rags to the same mili| ragged country, and at the present time it may receive cash. only furnished about one-half its supply of rags, the other half being imported, thus can These irequent and constant appeals by the it be seen how dependent our paper manu¬ facturers are on imported rags. paper manufacturers to the people of America were successful in supplying the trade with] So scarce were rags in the early days that I rags until about 1810, when our demand fo all the printing houses purchased on account paper had increased to such an extent th rags for the Wissahickon paper mill. In 1776' the home supply of the raw material faile' a writer in an American newspaper says that, to meet the demand and the paper manufac he hopes every man will say to his wife, , urers were forced to resort to imported rags.' “Pollie, Mollie, or whatever her name may From that time on, excepting during the late be, make a rag-bag and hang it under the war, the price of rags, just as the importation shelf where the big family Bible lies.” It has increased, has been steadily reduced, thus was shortly after this appeal that our house¬ gradually depressing the domestic rag trade wives displayed an elegant work-bag as part so greatly catered to by our early paper man¬ ufacturers. of their parlor furniture, in which every rag Nowadays papermakers have discontinued was preserved. the practice of appealing personally to the This rag-saving idea was popularized and people and their only means of domestic sup¬ made partially patriotic in Pennsylvania by ply is the old-fashioned rag man, a more or Franklin, who suggested that the rags oi the less picturesque personality the world over. United States he saved to enable people to re¬ One reason, apart from the foreign competi¬ tion, why so little nowadays i^s paid for rags, tain the gold and silver in this country by is that in the old days the rags passed di¬ encouraging our American paper manufact¬ rectly from the hands of the owner to the urers instead of purchasing paper from for paper manufacturer, thus considerable money eign makers. “It can be made,” he said, “ of was saved in comparison to the way the busi¬ equal quality by the American manufacturer ness is carried on to-day. Before mg if he is provided with the raw material to the paper mill the rags must pasi feed his machines.” the hands of several intermedi * —

THE WILLCOX MILL IN USE TO-DAY. .first the old rag man; then into the iunk and old rag shop, where they are sorted and | war bank note paper was a specialty of the I baled, and from thence to the wholesaler, Willcox establishment, and not only were the who supplies the paper manufacturer. banks of the United States supplied from the Ivy Mills, but its lofts were well stored with Next to that of the Rittenhousen mill, a peculiar-looking paper of various tints, which has already been well told, the history (bearing the ingrained marks of most of the or the recently collapsed Ivy Mills is, from a governments of South America; in fact, historical and commercial point, the most interesting of any paper house in America. nearly the whole of the Western Continent drew its snpply of local and government The Will cox family has been identified paper from this establishment, and such was with Delaware county from the very earliest times, as the business was established in this its reputation that much paper of this char¬ country as far back as 1727, and has con¬ acter was shipped to Italy and Greece. tinued directly in the family for more than one hundred and fifty years, that is until In the early days the Willcox firm had inti¬ the present day. They are thus the oldest mate business relations with Benjamin Frank¬ business House with a continued existence in lin, Samuel Keimer, Andrew Bradford, Mat¬ the same family in America. thew Carey and others of the principal print¬ It was in 1718 that Thomas Willcox and ing houses of the last century. his wife Elizabeth emigrated from Devo shire, England, and settled in Delaware I On three different occasions, far apart, this county, about six miles from the present house was able to render the government town of Media, selecting for their home a splendid service at times of wTar and dis- tract of land on the west bank of Chester I credit; indeed, it may be said that they were creek, in Concord township. j services of a necessity. Mr. Willcox almost at once, upon his arri¬ ( The Willeoxes were of the Roman Catholic val in this country, commenced, the erection of Ivy Mills, and from the earliest days the j faith, and at their house was established one connection of these old mills with historic • | of the earliest Catholic missions in Pennsyl¬ men and national affairs was most intimate. vania. Almost from the time of their establish¬ At the death of Thomas Willcox, in 1779, ment the colonies were wont to issue each'its the mill property was taken up by his son, own particular currency. This custom was j Mark. Tbe old Ivv Mill had then been run- kept up until the time of the Revolution, and ning some sixty years, being, as was said be¬ jtne paper for all this money manufactured by fore, the second paper mill built ou the 'the colonies, from Massachusetts to the Caro¬ j American Continent, but so successful had lina?, was made at the Ivy Mills. j this early business been that by 1800 there After the breakingoutof theRevolutionary I were more paper mills in Delaware county war tire paper Used by the Continental Gov¬ alone than in the rest of the United States. ernment was also made at the milis and The old Ivy Mill is still standing, in part again in 1812 the great demand for govern¬ at least, although altered about fifty years ment paper was fully supplied from this old ago by James Willcox. It is situated close to establishment. For many years after that The railroad tracks of the Philadelphia, HE

. TYPiCAlJ RAG SHOP. Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, about of reef and re red being mixed with the half mile south of Chester Heights Station. pulp in the engine so that it was scattered It is now naught but a picturesque, crumbling throughout the substance of the paper,while ruin, as for many long years its primitive the blue was ingeniously showered upon the machinery has been silenced by the modern web while on the "wire,” so that it appeared ponderous and improved plants of our paper only in streaks. This combination was so manufacturers. Thickly covering its gabled difficult to copy and.required such expensive roof is the old ivy from which it takes its machinery as to call for a skill, patience and name and whose roots came over the ocean in capital not at the disposal of most counter¬

1718 from near the ivy bridge in Devonshire. ‘ feiters, but that every precaution should be taken that none of the paper should ever fail In 1835 James M. Will cox purchased from into the hands of unreliable parties for more than ten years the government had quartered the heirs of Abraham Sharpies a piece of at the Ivy Mills a government officer and a property on the main branch of the Chester numerous police and detective force besides creek, about two and a half miles from the .some forty employes of the Treasury Depart¬ old Ivy Mill. Upon these grounds he built ment. These people counted and registered the first of the buildings now known as Glen every sheet of this paper as it was manufact¬ Mills, and in 1806 he erected the second ured and tracked it through its various stages to completion. Here it may be said building, which is the only one which has i - been in operation of recent years. that during all this time not one sheet out of In 1866 the Will coxes were persuaded by the hundreds of millions that were manufact- I the government to supply its needs for bank¬ ured was lost. This was until 1878, when | note paper. This they contracted to, having Secretary John Sherman removed the manu¬ patented a fine grade of greenback paper facture of government paper from Pennsyl- ; < which they termed ‘‘localized fibre.” ^ It was vania. rendered distinctive by the use ot silk fibres After the United States Government dis¬ continued the purchase of " localized fibre ” i 47

■ii. (Stream at the other end, while the actual dirt James M. Willcox sent to uermany an falls into a sand trap in the bottom of the agent, who put up in successful operation tub. When the discharged water begins .to I near Berlin a bank-note paper mill for the manufacturing of this paper, which was used run clear, the roll is lowered closer to the for several years for German currency. bed plate toTenr the fibre to pieces and the In 18S0>lark Willcox purchased his brother solution of hieacliing powder is run in, and James’ interest in the mill property. He had after a soak of from two to six hours the some years before bought from another dirty rags have become a whitish fibre. This r'brotherthe old Ivy Mill, so that at the time mass is now removed to a bleaching cistern J of his death lie-owned the whole Ivy plant. for a longer soak, or the bleaching solution is {His two sons, William F. and James M. Will¬ run off and the fibre, if for the best paper, cox, continued ' the business which their taken from the washer to another engine great-grandfather had established. About called the beater. three years ago James M. Willcox retired At last the fibre is in its final shape, well from the business, and since then William F. Willcox has continued the business alone. mixed, sized, colored and closely beaten, and The process in such an establishment as the is1 now ready for the paper-making machine Ivy Mills of the manufacture of a sheet of proper, or fourdrinier. Briefly told, this j paper is, although not generally known, of machine receives a fluid stream of pulp at considerable interest. Briefly 'it may be one end and turns out a dry, smooth, sized sketched as follows: and finished paper at the other in a continu¬ ous roll or cut into sheets of any size. Fancy Entering the paper mill huge bales of rags papers are variously finished after leaving ready for the knife of the opener may be the machine, either in the wet or in sheets. noted. When opened these rags are fed into Paper making was one of the earliest in¬ the “thrasher,” an enormous w'ooden box dustries of this country and it has progressed with the age until at the moment when the with revolving arms inside, which thrashes United States makes over one-third of all the out the dust and tumbles the rags around, paper manufactured in the world, or more j From the thrasher they go to the sorting than any other two nations combined. room, when buttons and other intruders are E. Leslie Gilliams. disposed of, and where large pieces are I shredded into smaller ones against upright stationary knives. This work is principally done by women, who toss the different pieces, into various boxes on the tables before which they stand. From thence the rags go to the cutter, where revolving knives chop them into still smaller pieces. They must now be (pi t further dusted—if very dirty first by the. “devil,” a hollow cone with spikes projecting; fHE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. within, against which work the spikes of a: drum, dashing the rags about at a great' The First AmeiUan Edition Published in speed, and afterwards by the duster proper, a Fhilad elp hia, 1786. conical revolving sieve, through which the “When. In the course of Divine Provi¬ rags emerge upon an endless belt, which car¬ dence, these American States became Inde¬ ries them under one or two pairs of sharp pendent with respect to civil government, eyes on a final lookout for overlooked buttons their ecclesiastical independence was neces¬ or unchopped nieces, along to the boilers. sarily included, and the different religious In the boiler room the rags are fed to a denominations of Christians of these States I huge rotary boiler through holes in the floor. were left at lull and equal liberty to model ! As these boilers revolve the rags are tumbled and organize their respective churches aud jaboutina solution of mixed lime and soda forms of worship and discipline in such ; ash until they are bleached. From the boiler manner as they might Judge most con¬ room the rags are transferred to the washing venient for their future prosperity; con¬ machines and beaters which make the pulp sistently with the Constitution and Daws of into food for the rag engine. The rag engine their country. 'is an oval iron tub ten to twenty feet long, “The attention of this Church was, in tne first place, drawn to those alterations In the {oaT.t°slx feet bl<>ad and about three feet high Liturgy, which became necessary In the divided for two-thirds of its length by a “ mid- prayers for our Civil Rulers, in consequence feather or upright partition which makes a sor of race eourse for the rags to chase herein was to make them conformable to each other around tne edge of the vat On what ought to be the proper end of all such •-one side of the “mid feather” the floor of prayers, namely, that Rulers may have the tub is raised in a quarter circle, close grace, wisdom and understandli.g to exe¬ [to a row covered with knives or bars cute Justice ana to maintain Truth; and revolves, aud so arranged that it can be low¬ that the People may lead quiet and peaceful ered closer to the bed plate, with correspond¬ lives, In all godliness and honesty.’’—Ex¬ ing bars, as it becomes necessary to make the tract from the Preface. pulp finer and finer. The tub is partially The first General Convention of the Prot¬ *• I j . Wltb pure water, the disintegrated and estant Episcopal Church of America was jdeco.orized rags in the boiler are dumped in held In Philadelphia on the 25th of Septem¬ jthe roils set just close enough to the bed ber, 17S5. There were deputies from seven plate to open up the rags aud free the re¬ States, viz.: New York, New Jersey, Penn¬ sylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia gaining dirt, sweep the rags no the incline andSouth Carolina. Among Ihe Important and over the back fall, and a drum of wire questions whlob demanded consideration, cloth partly immersed in the current sucks that ot the ohanges which should be Intro- > up and discharges, by means of buckets in¬ duced Into the “Prayer Book,” was one of side it connected with an escape spout, the the most urgent. It bad been proposed In now dirty water, fed in a clear continuous New York, in the previous year, that only Tbe BOOK of COMMON PRAYER, And such changes should be made as had become Administration of the SACRAMENTS, And necessary by the altered political circum¬ other HITES and CEREMONIES, As re¬ stances ot the country. “A moderate vised and proposed to the Use of The Protest¬ review," says Bishop White,” leil In ant Episcopal CHURCH, At a Convention With the sentiments and wishes of every of the said CHURCH in the States of New- member.” A committee, consisting of Drs. Y ork, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware White, Smith and WhartoD.was appointed Maryland, Virginia, Ahd South-Carolina’ to review the Prayer Book in accordance Held In Philadelphia, from /September 27ib with what was supposed to be the view-of to October 7th, 1785. Philadelphia : the Convention, and report to the next Con¬ Printed by HALL and SELLERS- vention. The committee had been author¬ MDCCLXXXVI. (1786) 12. ized to make verbal alterations, but not to It Is a remarkable fact that, although 4000 go beyond what had been agreed upon by copies of the book were printed, It has be¬ the Convention. But the Importunities of come, lb tbe course of a hundred years, one some of the clergy, and their assurances ol the rarest books to find In clean and per¬ that such a course would be acceptable to all, Induced them to go further and to In¬ fect condition In the whole range of Ameri¬ troduce some changes in which Important can typography. As an article of merchan¬ points of doctrine were Involved. The Book dise It Is really non-existent. One of the was printed and submitted to the Conven¬ most distinguished and learned authorities tions of the several Dioceses for revision and on American Church History Justly remarks: “Pew persons have seen acceptance. Hence It was called “The Pro¬ posed Book. ’ ’ this remarkable Liturgical production, 1 During the spring of 1786, the “ Proposed and, without any discussions of the principles Involved In Us publication, the Book” was considered by tbe Conventious bibliographical fact may be stated that a in the several States. Everywhere It proved a subject of controversy, and appeared rarer book connected wltb American Cbnreh History can hardly be named.” It was likely to endanger tbe union of thechurcbes. reprinted In London In 1789, and was In New York nothing was decided on the highly praised In a critical notice, which subjeot, but tbe matter was lett open tor will be lound Id the '‘Monthly Review,”, iurlber consideration. In New Jersey, tbe Book was rejected. In Pennsylvania and vol. 80, p. 887. There Is a vague tradition that fifty copies only ot this English Maryland some amendments were proposed, lu Virginia It was finally adopted; but! edition were printed for presentation to the great objection was made to the Rubric j English Prelates Irom whom the American Bishops were to receive ordination, but whieh/stlll authorized the nr ulsters to reject who were given to' understand that their evil-livers from the con m inion. It was prayer to this purpose could not be granted evldeht that “The Proposed Book” was a failure I unless the new Chnreh agreed with the old In doctrine and discipline. There Is a copy Many of the churches did not adopt It, but' of both these editions among the bidden continued to use the Prayer Book of thej bibliographical treasures of the Philadel¬ Church of England, omitting, however, the phia Library. prayers lor the King, the Royal Family and The Seven ..standard" Editions of the Parliament, as had been the practice In all Prayer Boob. the Episcopal Churches In the United States The General Convention directs,from time stnee the Declaration of Independence, to time, by Canon, which particular edition As this remarkable volume, which Is gen¬ or the Prayer Book shall be the Standard erally known as < part. Davit Rittenhouse was tbe first as- I ! ALL AMERICANS TOGETHER. tronomer worthy of the name; F. L. Aid to-day, what is still better, whether Hassler, was tbe creator of the coast of English or German stock, we’re all measuring system ; another German named I Americans together! Some of you sprang Hilgard perfected it. The topographer, f-om the little colony of Postorius; and Captain Preisz, made Fremont’s discoveries some of you came from a later settlement, possible; General Albert Meyer, the origin¬ Some of you ware boru on German soil, and ator of tbe system of weather observation, i and General Spinner, the celebrated trea¬ some of you first saw the light under an i surer of the Repulbic, were of German American sky. You love your native land abstraction. j or the land of your fathers. You would be Names snob as the jurists Franz Liber, unwortbyiof your noble heritage if you did Roselius Rex,Karl Scborz and Krekel have j not. But with all your just and honorable honor in the whole land; writers and j pride in your glorious German ancestry and journalists Charles Sealsfield, Franz in tbe great race from which you came you Grand, P. Scbmoie, E. Dorschheimer, F. j are none the ess true and patriotc Ameri¬ Hassaiets, J. Nordhoif have won recog- I cans. It is tbe grandeur of our system that: nition in both tongues, while tbe learned I it takes tbe diverse elements of tue different! Dr. Carl Beck, Dr. Carl FolleD. F. J. j I races into the great American crucible and Engelman, Dr. Blattner, F. Rau, Dr. O. ; by the matchless chemistry of American Serdenstnckee, K.F. Fleishman. Frederick free principles fuses and forges them into Knapp, K. Minnigerode, Frederick List, j one ardent and aspiring mass of American; Lindheimer and Nehrling, have done great : citizenship. things as historians, naturalists, or No man can study the history of the Ger¬ etymologists. Every lover of art knows man race without admiration for its achieve¬ Bierstadt, Lentze, Sonntag and Benino. ments. No man can contemplate its present Tbe great names among our countrymen position without bowing to its genius and give us a right to feel proud of our its greatness. Its splendid deeds and nativity. The Germans Jjtlped to erect this progress on both sides of tbe sea, whether i glorious temple to liberty, America, and In Germany or in America, challenge! when enemies camped about they helped the respect of the world. defend it. It is but a little over 20 years since CHARLES EMORY SMITH’S ADDRESS. Pastorius and his colony landed here—only the span of three full lives. What an im¬ Following Colonel Raine’s oration were a mense development since that time! What half-dozen musical numbers on the pro¬ wonderful progress both of the Germans gramme, when ex-Minister Smith was in¬ and of the German-Americans! In 16S3 troduced The following is an abstract of Berlin had less than 20,000 inhabitants. his address:— To-day she has a million and a half. In This great assemblage shows your hoDest 1683 Philadelphia had just started with end just German pride in your German a few families. To-day a million and a j quarter people she has. I need not dwell blood and your German ancestry. This is on the coutributions of the German race your Forefathers’ day. Germantown is your to the glory and advancement of human-! Plymouth Rock. Tbe good ship Concord itv. It gave us printing and the printing j is your Mayflower. Tbe great and learned press -the greatest engine of progress and Pastorius 13 your John Carver and ycur enlightenment since the dawn of the! William Bradford. Two hundred and nine Christian era. Its philosophy is rich with years ago to-day the golden glories of an . the names of Liebnitz and Hegel and Kant. | American Autumn welcomed tbe first dis-j Its literature is radient with tbe stars of tinctive German colony to American soil, Lessing and Klopstock and Richter and here on tbe shore of tbe Delaware. You Goethe- and Schiller. Its music is lumin- j are here to-night to commemorate that | oils, inspiring and immortal with the; momentous event, to render homage to | unrivaled galaxy of Mozart, Handel, the memory of your German fathers, and Haydn, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Mey-! to celebrate the conspicuous and honorable erba ir and Wagner. Its statesmanship is part which the German race has borne in illustrious with the achievements of American development. Frederick and Stein and, greatest of all, j ; Yon have a right to cherish this senti- Bismarck. ment of pride in your German forefathers. ; S A RACE OF GREAT DEEDS. You have e right to celebrate their illustri¬ ous share in the founding of Pennsylvania, ; A race which has done puch great things and in tbe upbuilding of the Republic. at home could not fail to do great thiDgs ! Pastorius with his little colony of thirteen on American soil and under Amerioan in¬ families came to this shore in the same stitutions. Tbe German people retain their year with William Penn. The Germans characteristics whe/erer they go—whether and the English planted their seed amid it be in America, on tbe ODe side, or in these sylvan groves at the same time. They came band in hand and heart to heart. : Russia on the other,1 In the far interior of j Penn himself was half Dutch. He had the iussia, in the remote province of Samara _i Sarntoff, there are German colonies of a hundred years standing. The blight A Family Named Rex, in Pennsylvania, Was of famine which swept over Russia during the past year fell also npon these colonies. Descended From Her and George III., It was my privilege as the America Minis¬ ter, from the generous aid which came Unless Their Family Tradition is Incor¬ from the American people, to give help and rect—Was the Story True ? comfort to these stricken German people, and I did it with peculiar satisfaction. And all who brought me reports brought the Here iollowetk the reopening of an old same story,that even in that distant region scandal. A lady, writing from the United and amid those stiange surroundings they still preserved the same attributes which States of America, informs me that she is tho distinguish the race everywhere. great-granddaughter of George III. and Han¬ You have brought to us in America in nah Lightfoot. “ The eldest son of Hannah,” an eminent degree the sturdy and sterling 6he says, “ was named George Rex. He came qualities which are identified with the German blood. You have brought to us to Pennsylvania toward the close of tho last the virtues of thrift, honesty, and probity. century”—-he should have been born about You have brought the noble impulse of the year 1758. “ There he married Mar¬ religious toleration. Yrou have brought de¬ garet Kepler, by whom he had ten children. votion to the grand principles of oivil and One of them was a son, also named George religious liberty. You have brought a true and lofty sense of patriotism and devotion Res, and a daughter Hannah, who was my to country which has impelled you to do (grandmother on my father’s side. In speak- your full part in every great stuggle for |ing of her father’s parentage, my grand¬ the national existence and advancement. mother always said that he declared himself In the Revolutionary War you gave Baron Steuben to the counsels of Washington and to be the sou of George III. and of Hannah the leadership of the patriots. In the war ! Lightfoot.” This grandmother was probably for the Union you gave the names of born about the beginning of this century or Heiatzelman, Hartranft, Dahlgren, Rose- the end of the last century—a date which is erans, Beaver, Sigel. Custer, and a boat of important, as you shall see. Now on getting others to the brightest constellation of chieftains You gave Muhlenberg to states¬ the letter I thought I would look into what manship and Rittenhouae to science. has been investigated and written as to the You are justified in the sentiment of famous ■ Hannah Lightfoot story. It has pride and exultation which fills your souls. formed the subject of much research and dis¬ X congratulate you that you have such a grand and glorious country to command cussion, and a good many papers on the ques- and stimulate your devotion. And I con¬ tion have appeared in Notes and Queries at gratulate my country that it can count on various times. Thanks to the admirable in¬ the stiong arms and the sound hearts of dexes to that admirable paper I have been such a tried and trusty body of citizen¬ able to hunt up all the references. The late ship. At the conclusion of Mr. Smith’s address, William Thoms was the principal contributor the male chorus and the orchestra rendered to the subject. He declaied Lis disbelief in “Hail Columbia,” and the audience was the whole story for many reasons. First, dismissed with the march “La Reihe de certain contradictions impossible to be recon¬ Saba,” from Gounod. ciled in the various forms of the story; next, THE GERMANTOWN CELEBRATION. the silence of Walpole and other contempo¬ In addition to commemorating the anni¬ raries; thirdly, the steady character of the versary of Pastorius’ landing, the German¬ King; fourthly, the proved meddling in the matter, for her own purposes, by Olivia Wil- town Maennerchor also celebrated its own inot Serres, the pretended Duchess of Cum¬ twenty-fifth anniversary. There were ad¬ berland ; lastly, the late appearance of the dresses by the president, J.F. Otterstetter, story. Perhaps there wire other reasons, but Henry Lierr and Sheldon Potter, and much these will serve. music. A banquet followed, at which toasts were responded to by Vice-President This is the story. Hannah is said to liavePi Buerer. Professor Ocklander. Mr. Calver, come of a Quaker stock ; she was born at M. L. Constabel, Mr. Mueller, afiti H.’ Frank Carson. X / Wapping, where her father was a shoemaker. She went to help an uncle, who was a linen draper in St. James street. There the young Brinee;George saw her and fell in love with her. In order to prevent scandal it was de¬ termined that she should marry someone; she therefore married, at Keith’s Chapel, in Mayfair, an irregular place, a kind of Fleet marrying place, one Isaac Axford, a grocer, whom she left at the chapel door in order to join the Prince. After this there follows con¬ tradiction on contradiction. She lived at Knightsbridge ; she lived at Blackbeath ; she lived at Islington, where she died and was buried; she lived in a house in the open fields WALTER BESANT ENTERS INTO AN1 east of the Hackney road. She had sons who OLD SCANDAL. were placed in the army. She had daughters who married meu in the army. And so forth. In the scandalous book, purporting to ho written by “Lady Anne Hamilton,” a some¬ HER AMERICAN DESCENDANTS what detailed account is given of an actual out there eaitfng 'lumse^Pt lie son of George marriage with the Prince, whicITis there III. and Hannah Lightfoot. Lastly, there stated to have taken place in St. James, was till recently, and perhaps is still exist¬ Piccadilly. ing, a family at the Cape claiming the same descent. These facts, in my mind, outweigh So far for the story. The facts which have the objections advanced by Thoms. The been proved are as follows: Tkero really was silence of Walpole and others is easily ac¬ a Hannah Lightfoot. She was born at Wap- counted for. There was no scandal, and ping the daughter of a Quaker shoemaker, nobody knew anything about it. The con¬ tradictions are due to the meddling of Olivia in the year 1730. In 1754 she was married to Wilmot Serres, who got hold of Combe’s one Isaac Axford at Keith’s Chapel, Mayfair. papers. Why did Combo associate the very For the offense of being married by a real person, Hannah Lightfoot, with the “priest” she was “disowned” by the Quak¬ King? Why did these men at the Cape and ers In 1750 Axford, then a grocer at War¬ in Pennsylvania call themselves sons of minster, married a second time, describing Hannah Lightfoot and the King? Why is himself as a widower. In 1777 the story ot there silence on the subject of Hannah? When.did she die? Where did she live? the King and Hannah was first alluded to by Combe, who wrote “ Dr. Syntax.” It was i The only strong objection is that in the the year in which the royal marriage act was | Jyear 1754 George III. was only 16 years of passed, and very likely was used by that age, and this is by no means a fatal objection. writer to illustrate the act. Then nothing tFor my own part, I think that the researches: more seems to have been heard about Hannah of Thoms ouly make the story on its broad till the years 1821 and 1824, when the lines the more probable. But it is now cer- storv was revived with obvichjs additions, j toiu that the Prince was never married to This letter from America proves that before j. Hannah, unless the lady committed bigamy. the end of the last century there was a man. Therefore we can no longer have any non- sense, talked about rightful heirs to the (£&'• crown. Meantime I should very much like to see the photographs or portraits of these [ so-called descendants. There is hardly any . (M ^ r face whose features are so distinctive as the | face of the House of Brunswick. , (P eX p/" Walter Besant. 1 QjR |oUb|TniHs

THE WORK OF THE PHILADELPHIA FOUNTAIN SOCIETY DURING THE PAST TWENTY-THREE YEARS.

have seldom been broughtTo public notice. TLere is an old aud very popular Eastern By chance the other day the writer met story which runs somewhat as follows: Said Joshua L. Baily. who for nine years has a follower to Mahomet: “Oh! Prophet, my been the president of the Philadelphia Foun¬ mother is dead, what is the best alms I can tain Society. Mr. Baily stated that tho give away for a soul?” society had never been well written up, and Mahomet, always wise, bethought himself that its good works had been heretofore hid of the parched sands and heat of the desert under a bushel. “Our society,” he stated, and replied: “ Dig a well for her and give “was incorporated as far back as 1869, its water to the thirsty.” founder beiDg the late Dr. Wilson C. Swann. The man dug a well aud said : “ This is for Iu fact, the society was during his lifetime my mother.” Dr. Swann's pet hobby, upon which he ex¬ It is very doubtful if many of the thou¬ pended a considerable amount of money. Dr. sands of Philadelphians who daily encounter Swann associated with him as incorporators in their walks around the city the numerous of the Fountain Society E. M. Hooper, George drinking fountains are aware who has dug Plitt, J. Brown Parker, Mesier Eeese, E. these wells, so to speak, for the thirsty of Krumbhar, Louis Blodgett, L. P. Asbmead, Philadelphia, In fact their history is obscure Henry Paul Beck, George E. McLaughlin, J. in men’s minds, but it is generally presumed E. Baizley, J. F. Tobias, John Bastian and that these much-patronized drinking places Washington L. Bladen. are city institutions, bought, builtand erected “Our object is the erection and mainten¬ by our municipal authorities. This surmise ance in this city of public drinking fountains is, however, ail entire mistake, as all the for the health and refreshment of the people drinking fountains of Philadelphia, with the of Philadelphia and the benefit of dumb ani¬ exception of one or two, whicli have been mals. _ erected by private bodies or individuals, have “ Dr. Swann for many years conducted al¬ been erected by one society which, although most the entire business of the society him- it has been in existence many years, is prac- P 1 r oni,i x,ariltr nnt of his Docket for the ■tin'illv unknown, ns its J = _ FOUNTAIN ON WALNUT STREET-, erection ot many of fheMouHTilF—~ - as in fins on Market street, one above Twenty-first on city. At one time during Dr. Swann’slife "i the north side, another south of Twentieth ■ have seen it stated that there were all told and one between Eighteenth and Nineteenth. 100 fountains iu various portions of the city We have another fountain on Callowhill, maintained by this society, but I think this north ofSixteenth ; one at Twelfth and Spring must have been a mistake. To-day we have Garden, another on Kidge avenue, west of about sixty fountains. It would be tiresome Eleventh, Front and Margaretta, Laurel and to enumerate a complete list, but to give you Front, Thirty-first and Chestnut, Thirty- an idea of how they are distributed I may second and Chestnut, Forty-second and Wood¬ mention the location of a few : 7 land avenue, Fortieth and Lancaster avenue, Forty-second and Haverford, Forty-eighth “There is one on the south side of Chest- and Lancaster avenue, Fifty-second and Lan¬ nut street, between Fifth and Sixth ■ one uu caster avenue, Germantown avenue, near Sixth, below Walnut; Walnut, between Sixth Penn; Susquehanna avenue, near Second and Seventh; another on Walnut, opposite street; Front and Washington avenue, corner I Dock and Walnut, Fourth and Old York Nineteenth; Eighteenth, opposite Locust,- road, and in Norris Square an ice water on Eighteenth, opposite Logan Square: three fountain supplied with ice by the Kensington Branch of the Women’s Christian Temper- gSE ' Pi ~~lpa # A POPULAR FOUNTAIN. . anee Union has been erected. This fountain] chosen,”hut we lmehxTtfSrpuff ft in some pub¬ cost about $150 and is inscribed as follows: lic place where itwill not only be useful hut ‘Iwillgive unto him that is athirst of thej at the same time ornamental. I may say water of life freely. Erected by the Sixth ! here in relation to the ornamental part of Young Women’s Christian Temperance our fountains that their adornment has Union, July, 1891.’ always from the first been a secondary con¬ “ We are permitted by the city to erectj sideration, our principal idea beiDg simply to fountains in any locality that we may select,' provide a receptacle for the holding of water. provided we gain the consent of the property- “By the will of Mary Bebecca Darby holder, or, if we should desire to put a foun¬ Smith, who died in November, 1886, we re- tain upon city property, we must secure per¬ i ceived tbe sum of $5,000 for the erection of a mission from the Commissioner of City Prop¬ fountain to represent Bebecca at the Well erty. All our fountains are supplied free of taxes after Miss Smith’s own design, as follows: with water, but apart from this assistance the ‘ Bebecca represented with her pitcher in th maintenance and keeping up of our fountains act of dipping it into the well, and speakin is entirely in the hands of-the society. to the servant, who with Abraham’s camel ‘'For a long time after Dr. Swann’s death stands waiting, with the inscription thoreo: onr existence was a struggling one, and after in large letters. ‘ Drink and I will give thy I became president it was only by personally camels drink also. Genesis, 24.’ soliciting subscriptions among my friends that I was able to keep tbe society in exist¬ “As Miss Smith did not designate any es¬ ence, but recently we have fortunately been pecial spot for the erection of this fountain left some money which will greatly help to we will select one which we consider most enlarge our scope of usefulness. appropriate. “ Mrs. Swann, who (lied the other day. left ' us something in the neighborhood of $80,000. “We were also left $1,000 recently by AH this money we will not get. as her Alfred Bamber. He was a member of the estate is not sufficiently large, hut $25,-' old Hope Fire Engine Company. This money t)00 for the erection and maintenance we received on the 2d of September, 1891. of a fountain to lier husband’s memory we “Another legacy was by the will ot have received. This fountain has notl Long of Twelfth and Arch stree as yet been erected, nor has a design been Long left six hundred dollars CT

ICE WATER FOUNTAIN —NORRIS SQUARE. ; ■ I purchase ol a polished granite fonntaiiRwhicIi jg B for Elm are obvious, as during the season erected by her executors on the Long from April to November the fountains are property at Twelfth and Arch streets* but has so constantly patronized in busy portions of been removed recently on account of the the city that water is at all times spilt over buildingof the Reading Terminal. The foun¬ the surrounding pavement, making it dis¬ tain will, however, be erected in West Phila¬ agreeable to walk upon. The writer stood for delphia on the grounds of Long Institute at a few moments by the fountain at the Thirty-third street. corner of Broad and Arch streets. This “After Dr. Swann’s death for sometime, fountain, by the way, was originally over in the fountains of the society were not prop¬ the square of the Public Building, but was erly kept up. All iuterest in the society removed by order of the Commissioners to its among the members of the organization seems present location. During the five minutes to have been abolished. But at the present spent in watching it at least ten teams were j moment our officers aro quite as active. They 'driven up and the horses watered. They 'are: Joshua L. Baily, president; Charles 'stood in a perfect line waiting their turn, and W. Baily, secretary; Horace Tatnall, vice as the travel progressed to and fro, the line president ot the Provident Life and Trust was constantly kept up and added to. On Company, treasurer; Board of Directors, the pavement side of the way boys, men and Charles Rogers, E. C. Geyelin. George DeB. women stopped and queuched their thirst. Keim, Lewis H. Redner, George Bodine, That this fountain is a public necessity no Thomas Scattergood, Theodore Justice, Will¬ oue who has investigated the matter can iam B. Whitney. Robert R. Corson, and there deny, but that it might be a great nuisance is one vacancy.” I to the property holder is readily understood.

Mr. Baily said that it was almost impossible Another way in which the fountains are for anybody to understand the amount of constantly causing the society loss and worry trouble and difficulty the keeping up and | is by their destruction by heavy wagons. It maintenance of their fountains imposed ufxm is not uncommon for a fountain to be en¬ the officers of the society. Property-holders, tirely knocked over by the pole of a brewery Ire romerked, as a general role were not will¬ wagon. From such a happening the society ing that iountaius should he erected in front had little or no redress, as it is diffiult to fix of their houses, and when they did grant per- the blame, hut the majority of their foun¬ i mission it was not long after the fountain had • tains hereafter will be bnilt low down below ! been erected before they requested and Some- the range of a wagon pole. If it were not Times demanded its removal. The reasons 1 for the constaiit expense of moving their .fountains and" keeping TfTcni in good con now stand.- From the ’tlro.-U of the swan ti'on the society might very materiall; issued a jet of water, and a smaller jet sprang "crease the number of these -most bene from the foot of the figure. When it was institutions, but it is not only by t fountains being mutilated by brewery first erected it was considered a great wagons and other heavy vehicles that novelty and one of the sights of the city. they meet with loss, but also from When the' .Water Works were removed to j falling limbs of trees under which they may Fairmount this figure was perpetuated in[ havo been erected. The fountain on the bronze and 'erected in the Water Works' south sido of Walnut street, between Sixth basin. To 'the tastes of persons of tlic present and Seventh, at one time was surmounted by generation it seems unusually chaste and ar¬ a handsome eagle of cast iron. One day while tistic in design, but when it was firsl erected a boy was drinking at the fountain this eagle it was denounced as immodest. For many was blown over, falling on the boy and break¬ years the State House pumps in Independence ing bis arm. In consequence he sued the; Square were a great institution. These city and recovered a certain amount of money, • pumps stood very near, if not exactly, wbero Shortly after Mr. Baily had the eagiej the Philadelphia Fountain Society in the again erected in a most substantial fashion,! early period of its history erected iron foun¬ but itwas not long before a branch from one tains surmounted with vases and intended to of the overhanging trees fell upon it and bo decorated with flowers and shrubs. Long broke it squarely off. It has not since been . after the hydrant water from the Schuylkill replaced, but the stand upon which it rested was Iir'cbmn.oa use in the city 'these Slate can still be marked. House pumps maintained their reputation for Small boys appear to be very fond of their supply of cooling spring water which was / amusing themselves by stopping the flow oft considered pure and delightful, and in, the water in the fountains. Only the other day j summer time, before the existence of the' Mr. Baily was walking up Chestnut streetf present ice-water fountain, erected in the and noticing the fountain that stands in square in 1876 by the Sons of Temperance, front of Independence Hall was not running there was a great run made by hot, perspiring! he inserted bis finger in the faucet and found citizens upon the water drawn from the I it plugged up with sticks and stones, State House pumps. The water was drawn j j One of the most elaborate fountains belong¬ in large iron ladles, fixed by chains to the ing to this society was presented by J. Gil- nozzle, which never rusted ‘ because they jlinghatn Fell and erected in Bittenhouse were in constant use. It is no exaggeration •Square near the Walnut street entrance. to say that on warm summer days hundreds, This fountain cost in the neighborhood of if not thousands, of persons from all por¬ $3,500. Some time ago it was removed from tions of the city visited the square and drank I the square and now stands at Forty-second at these pumps, and they did not fail to read ! and Woodland avenue. the placard posted at the head of the pump j by the Humane Society which kindly cau- When the Constitutional Centennial met in tioued all persons against the danger of this city on the 2d of December, 1886, they drinking cold water in immoderate quanti-! were so much interested in the object and ties when the body was heated. good work of the Fountain Society that they caused to be made and had presented to the Since the existence of the Fountain Society society a white marble fountain inscribed some few fountains have been erected in the about as follows: “Presented to the Phila¬ - city by private individual., and here let it delphia Fountain Society by the members of be stated that this article has no reference to the Constitutional Centennial.” the several handsome fountains which adorn This fountain was erected at the place of j the Park. Holy Trinity Church supports an ice-water fountain on Nineteenth street, op¬ meeting of the members, now a school house posite the church, and a very large drinking down town, but some little time ago Mr. fountain for man and beast was erec.ed some Baily was requested by the principal of the -time since by the Women’s Christian Tem¬ school to have the fountain removed, as the perance Union at tbe intersection of Market scholars auiused themselves by constantly street and Lancaster avenue, West PMlajfifl* playing in the water. Mr. Baily after awhile phia. A few other temperance societies'have had it taken away under protest, stating that also erected fountains in various portions of j it was not the fountain’s fault but the schol¬ our town, the majority of which are intended ars’that it was a nuisance. After removing to be more useful than ornamental. it he proposed that it be erected in the yard of the City Hall under the windows of the In 1878, during the Mayoralty of Mr. Supreme Court,_but there was an objection Stokley, the Councils passed resolutions of| made to this, so the fountain is now stored! thanks to Dr. Swann for his efforts ou behalf away. of the public in erecting drinking foun-i ' Quite a number of the fountains now in tains through tbe city, and a copy of the! I use have been presented to the society by j resolutions was purchased for the society at various public spirited and well known citi¬ the sale of Mrs. Swann’s effects. zen]', among them John Wanamaker, Plenry E. Leslie Gilliams. , C. Gibson, George W. Childs and Anthony J. -- .. Drexel.

Previous to the organization of the Foun¬ tain Society Philadelphia, was but poorly sup¬ plied with these necessary institutions. The, first fountain erected in the city was built in 1809. This was Bush’s famous wooden figure of Leda and the Swan and was placed in a i circular basin in front of the engine house in , where the Public Buildings r r ■' y - -*^£"4. &-/" ‘f 3— ■•v u ^ * Lf3tj». - >- HE UT 3T. BRIDG

. iV I, SOMETHING ABOUT THE NEW AND OLD BRIDGES IN PHILADELPHIA. IBB The last connecting span of iron j °ff some feet of tiie pavement for about work of the new Walnut Street Bridge two squares, but greatly improving the has just been completed on the east appearance of the street. side of the river, and the work on the The earliest method of conveyance bridge w ill now be pushed as rapidly as across the Schuylkill was a ferry, and it possible toward completion. It is ex¬ is probable that one was established at pected that the laying the road bed, tho High street, now Market street, almost construction of the railings and the as soon as the city was founded. In general work of finishing will be com-i 1751, in response to petitions, the Assern- gjily appointed Israel Pemberton, Sr., [pleted in a few weeks, so that by the 1st a of January, 1893, the bridge will be Thomas Leach, Peter Dix, Hugh thrown open for /travel. Although Roberts, Edmond Wooley, Jaceb Lewis, stoutly opposed, unless built with a Casper Wistar. Charles Norris, draw, when first suggested, the build¬ Samuel Rhoades and Benjamin Frank- ing of this new bridge will fill un¬ jlin as commissioners to examine the doubtedly a long felt want by residents !Schuylkill, and ascertain the best place I of and will do much for bridging it and estimating the cost. itowards opening up that section ot the In August they reported that they had city. Formerly the distance between “sounded the depths and tried the bot¬ 'the bridges was too great, there being no tom in various places from Peter’s Is¬ /bridge from South to Chestnut street, land near the ford (now opposite Laurel and apart from Walnut street, practi¬ Hill) down to John Bartram’s, and cally no street between South street , were ot the opinion that the best place and Girard avenue from which a span ’ , was near the end of Market street, across the river could be built. f where Captain Coultas now keeps his When finished the Walnut street ferry.” , Alter reporting several plans i bridge will cost about $800,000. This oi bridges the commissioners asked fur¬ comes within the original estimate of ther time for consideration of the sub- ! ex-Direclor Wagner. Two hundred ject, thousand dollars was the original appio- This was the earliest proposition to : priation by Councils December 24, 1888, bridge the river. It probably fell and upon this amount the construction through because the ’subscriptions of the bridge was commenced. Since raised among tho citizens were too then various appropriations have been . meagre to justify the Assembly in coin- made, the last being in January, when ijifins the work, and for . some years $75,000 was appropriated. This appro¬ priation, with the money carried for¬ IjjRgins of transit across the Schuylkill.^" ward from previous appropriations, it is w In January, 1769, Robert Smith pre¬ ■ believed will pay for all bills contracted sented to the Assembly a memorial on !up to the completion of the bridge. the subject of erecting a bridge ov&r the | The new' bridge, which rests uDon four Schuylkill. He stated that he had made i piers of solid masonry,is one of the long- an improvement in the designs of jest in the city, when its approaches are wooden bridges raised on stone piers by ; taken into consideration. It extends a a simple method of suspending the plat¬ distance of about eight squares, that is form below the arch which sustains it, from Twenty-fourth to Thirty-second and by which means the piers were bet¬ street. It is a handsome and creditable ter secured than by any other method. piece of engineering and is solidly con¬ Its cost presented a serious objec¬ structed for heavy traffic. tion. In 1774 the project was again revived, when a Committee of WALNUT STREET GRADING. the Assembly reported that it In order to preserve the bases of tho !could not be better located than at the I iron columns from rust it was found [middle ferry, and as alternative sites necessary to grade the surface of Walnut I they mentioned the Falls of Schuylkill [street from Thirtieth to Thirty-first land Watson’s Island. At the Falls"they [street, and on the east side, for about estimated it would cost £7500 and at the I two squares, the grading is considerable. [Island, £9500. No action in this matter ! Its height can be determined by a glance was taken by the Assembly and thus it j at the row of handsome new brick came to pass that the first bridge to ! houses on the south side of Walnut cross the river at Philadelphia was con¬ street, above Twenty-third street, which, structed as a military necessity under i before the bridge was commenced, stood the following circumstances: on a level with the paving, but they are THE FLOATING BRIDGE. j now almost a story below the level of the street, and before they are again [ In December, 1776, Washington sent habitable they will have to be raised to I General Israel Putnam to defend the ! the grade. Walnut street has also been city of Philadelphia against the advanc- i widened on the east side, thus cutting i ing army of Great Britain. Part ot the Coirnnander-in-Chief s instructions were —

XIi i: NEW WALNUT STREET BRIDGE.

to secure means for the speedy passagei but City Councils thought best to"! of the Schuylkill for citizens and troops. I rent the bridge to the Colonel Upon bis arrival in the citj- Putnam; for £8400 per annum. The Colonel conferred with Captain Richard Peters, required a single individual cross¬ and they decided to construct, at the | ing the bridge to pay a toll of 2s 6d., and the rich merchant middle ferry, a bridge of the floating was taxed 45s. if he desired to go over in stages used by ship carpenters. It was his chariot and four horses. It cost completed in a few days, and although £6432 to replace the bridge, and in 1781 the battle of Princeton rendered it not) the American army, under Count Roch- immediately needful for military pur-j ambeau and Washington, passed over it poses, it was allowed to remain in place on their wav to Yorktown. On the 15th as it was lound to be, a great public con-; of March, 1784, it was swept away by ice yenience. and high water. Two years later the When the Continental army took the Controller General made a report upon road to Wilmimrton and Brandywine the account of Thomas Davis and on August 24, 1777, they inarched across L Thomas Casdorf for constructing still this bridge. Shortly after, when the another bridge at the same spot. British were approaching Philadelphia, This, in brief, is a sketch of the early Major Casdorp ordered it removed as efforts made towards bridging the one of the measures preparatory to the Schuylkill. But it is to be noted that evacuation of the city Washington’s none of the bridges up to 1786 were of a army. permanent character. By that time the | The British during their occupation, j however, built another floating bridge! population of the city had grown to snchj at Gray’s Ferry. This was finished on an extent that the need of a permanent October 20, 1777, and was moved up the bridge was keenly felt, and they conse¬ ■ river two days later to the middle terry. quently determined that the Schuylkill1 On October 28, this bridge was destroyed should be spanned by a bridge that by a storm. Some of the boats ran would resist the attacks of storms and aground on the west side of the Schuyl¬ ] freshets. kill, and were set on fire by the Con¬ TOM PAINE’S SCHEME. tinental militia. It was rebuilt inside It was at this point that the irrepres¬ of two weeks, and Cornwallis after the sible Tom Paine came forth with the tall of , crossed it with 2000 first plan of an iron bridge that was ever men to co-operate with Sir Thomas Wil¬ proposed. It was to be a single arch; son in his movements. twenty feet in height over the grade; In their hurried flight from the city line, and three or four hundred- feet the British were too anxious to get span. Paine stated that the design had away to destroy this bridge, and when ’ been suggested to him by a spiderweb, a the American army returned they found resemblance to which was shown in a it intact. It was moved by them clown section of his model, and his funda- the stream to Gray’s Ferry and the old mental idea was that the small segment bridge was restored to its original loca-i of a large circle was scientifically pre¬ tion at the middle ferry, where it re¬ ferable to the great segment of a small mained until it was, carried away by a J circle. freshet in the spring of 1780. Paine set up his model at Dr. Frank¬ On behalf of the Quartermaster’s De-' lin’s house, in this city, from whence it partment, Colonel John Mitchell offered was taken to the State House and to replace this bridge on the condition eventually carried to Paris for exhibi¬ that the troops and teams ot the Ameri¬ tion before the Academy of Sciences. can army should pass over free of toll, | The novel device of this bridge inter- ested the Philadelphia Agricultural So- Trance. When first built the bridge was cictv, which petitioned the Assembly without a roof. It was covered the year to examine it and grant a charter lor a of its erection. permanent bridge at the west end of The eastern pediment was crowned by High street, and the Assembly resolved a wooden statue of Commerce and the to incorporate a company that would ! western end by a statue of Agriculture, agree to build the bridge, and reserve to I both carved by Mr. William Rush. The itself the tolls until they equaled the toll house stood in the centre of the principal and interest of its Obligations. causeway near the eastern entrance. Paine in the next year produced an¬ To render the western approach more other model, and the Assembly char¬ conspicuous the company set up a mar¬ tered a bridge company with a nominal ble obelisk bearing a sun dial and in¬ capital of $06,666.66. The company scriptions giving the main facts of the made a start by inviting designs for a history of the bridge. This obelisk is bridge and constituted a committee to still in existence, standing to-day just examine them, but before they could above the northwest corner of Twenty- make any progress all the bridges were third and Market streets, upon the destroyed by tiie great flood ot 1789. premises of the gas works. Jn December of that year Councils It was not until 1839 when, by threat¬ resolved that a permanent bridge should ening to build a free bridge over Arch be built, but as the City Treasury was street, the owners of the Market street in astute ot depletion, they were obliged bridge were willing to enter into nego¬ to apply to the State for aid. The As¬ tiations for its sale. The Commissioners sembly failed to regard the matter with were empowered to pay $80,000 lor this favor, and the petition was allowed to old bridge, but the company demanded lie dormant until Mar oh 16, 1798, when $110,000. This difficulty was, however, an act was passed organizing a com¬ adjusted, and in 1840 the city became pany for erecting a permanent bridge the owner of the bridge and the toll was over the Schuylkill at or near ^the city abolished. W'hen the company parted of Philadelphia. with its rights to the city the obelisk Five years were allowed for the con¬ was removed to its present location at struction of the bridge, and the capital the gas works. of the company was fixed at $150,000, and when the receipts from tolls should RECONSTRUCTED. exceed 15 per cent, of that amount, the Nine years after it was reconstructed surplus was to go into a redemption to accommodate the tracks of the Penn¬ fund for the ultimate purpose of making sylvania Railroad Company, which were the bridge free. The Legislature also placed on the north side. The south reserved power to make it free after side was afterwards occupied by the 1 twenty-five years and the payment of tracks of the West Philadelphia City its appraised value. Passenger Railway. This bridge re¬ mained in constant use until 1875, palmer’s model. when it was totally destroyed by fire. A design made by one Timothy Pal¬ The disaster much embarrassed the mer for a wooden bridge was accepted, Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and the corner stone of the abutment who at once erected a little north ot was laid on the 15th of October, 1800. the old piers, a trestle work From the first Mr. Reynolds, the con- but this arrangement was so unsatis¬ •structing engineer, encountered numer- factory that the company in December ious obstacles, many of which were undertook to put up at Market street a ;! caused by malice of persons opposed to , bridge that would last three years and the building of the bridge, but; they - be completed within thirty days. This were all overcome, and on the 1st of bridge was actually finished in two , January, 1805, the bridge was thrown hundred and seven working hours, and open for travel. outlasted for some years the time speci¬ On account of the flatness of the banks fied in the contract. of the river it was necessary to build By 1881 the timbers, however, showed great embankments that led up the en- s of decay, and Councils passed the •\ti -i ■ SwSfej, der which the new stone • - - -if} THE READING RAILROAD BRIDGE.

bridge was constructed: In 1806Amove- ital of $400,000 to construct a permanent ment was made to incorporate a com¬ I bridge and hold the vested right in the pany to build a permanent bridge at property for twenty-five years. Louis Gray’s Perry, but the scheme was an¬ Wernag built the bridge on what was tagonized, unless navigation was pro¬ then a novel plan, that is by spanning tected by a draw or by making 'the the river with a single arch and dis¬ bridge high enough for vessels to pass carding the central pier. This span under, and in granting the charter the was ninety-eight leet greater than anv jLegislature stipulated that the floor; other in the world. On the 18th of should be seventy-iive feet above low, April, 1812, the corner-stone was laid water. with Masonic ceremonies. THE SCHEME FAILED. A fire, supposed to be of incendiary The old floating bridge remained in origin, on the 1st of December, 1838, place untii 1838, when the Philadelphia, destroyed this bridge, and no attempt Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad was made to rebuild it until operations Company built its bridge, at a cost of were commenced under the Free Bridge nearly $>200,000. One-half of this bridge Act of 1839. The city of Philadelphia was for a time open to general travel, appropriated $13,000 towards purchasing but since the Pennsylvania Railroad the rights, and the County Commis¬ Company has acquired control of the sioners contracted with Charles Ellett, Jr., for a wire suspension bridge. It Philadelphia, Wilmington and Balti- as opened to the public on the 2d of ipore Railroad, its only use for railroad g tnuarv, 1842. For more than thirty- ’purposes is the transfer of cars from the Delaware River front by way of Wash¬ vo years it stood unimpaired, but in ington street. It was first a toll bridge, 75 it became apparent that it had but in 1S39 became free. nearly filled its period of usefulness. Soon after the Revolution a floating The rapid movement, of Spring Garden bridge was built at the upper ferry or street westward to the abutments of Callowfaill street. This was swept away I airmount basin led to the inquir by freshets several times, and In 1810, whether the travel could not be acconi^ modated at Fail-mount. The city’s after a calamity of this kind, the Legis¬ chief engineer designed a double-decked lature chartered a company with a cap bridge on whose lower story Callow hill

a:-; ■A. • ■fj V '***' - %wheretheoldPenroseorropeferry, • Company.Theyweretobuild'abridge i ^ol’theabutmentsandapproaches. (Common Councilsformaintaininga j bridgeatanoutlayof$1,404,440.00. Itis I replacedbythepresentmagnificent j monitionwasnotheeded,thegrand j 1S72,thegrandjuryreportedthatits | poorlyconstructedthatinDecember | thesummerof1S55Girardavenue S AfterthismoveCouncilshadatem¬ (main open. 7, 1S74. J y was contemplated byanActofAssem¬ • janddangerousaffair,andonthe30thof stone andwasreadyfortravel bvJulv world. Itisconstructed of ironand bly of1852,it was‘notuntil1857that * one ofthewideststreetbridges inthe dred feetwide,being,ifnot thewidest one thousandfeetlongand onehun¬ porary structureputupwhichhasbeen (Window ofWhite&Hazard’smillto jury figundatruebillagainstSelectand nuisance inpermittingthebridgefiore- ( Convertedintoafreebridgeuntilsome condition wasdangerous.Asthisad- they chargedatollof1centuntilWhite one time.Itcostthebuilders8125and eight personswerepermittedonitat and oneatornearGirardavenue.In quired byauactofMarch27,1852,to the CountyCommissionerswerere¬ It wasforfootpassengersonly,andbut some largetreesonthowesternside, isuspension bridgeintheUnitedStates jopen tothepublic,althoughitwasnot October 23d,187a which wassweptawaybythefreshetof was succeededbytheoldreabridge another company,underthesame from whichtherewasadescentbysteps. I 0nthe2dofApril,1816,firstwire until burnedouAugust"26,1872,which the floodsofwinter1822.In1829 wooden bridge,whichwasdestroyedby j OnJuly7,1876,thecentralspanfell bridge wasfinished,butprovedso build anewbridgeatChestnutstreet name, erectedanewbridgewhichstood Falls BridgeCompanycompletedthe and probablyintheworldwasconstruc¬ !J"*° thofiver,andonJanuary20, pense, whenthebridgewasmadefree. A Hazardwerecompensatedfortheirex-" ted acrosstheSchuylkillatFallsby (located. Thisbridgeprovedbutaweak White &Piazard.Itranfromthetop jwhich wasestablishedin1742, 1878, anotherbridgewascompleted. years later. January, 1860,anewonewasthrown 'to shore,towhichmustbeadded1135 land hasalengthof1295feetfromshore 1 In1874thisbridgewasbuiltbythe tained tocarrySpringGardenstreetat poration ofthePenroseFerrvBridge bly passedanactauthorizingtheincor¬ Keystone BridgeCompany,ofPittsburg, Although abridge atChestnutstreet at grade. sect Bridgestreet(nowSpringGarden) the upperdeckacrossrivertointer¬ reservoir asufficientheightwasob¬ At acostnottoexceed$125,000each, About theyear1817Schuylkill On the9thofApril,1853,Assem- FIRST SUSPENSIONBRIDGE, ne raisingatTwenty- -1 acrosstheSchuyl- winding aroundthe Hr fm / a? Jif jpassed anactrequiringCouncilstocon¬ jthe PennsylvaniaLegislature,which (these streets. (made withJohnMurphy,andonthe (went downuntilthebridgewasnot [and, includingapproaches,was2419 30th ofNovember,1875,tnebridgewas the oldfoundations.ThisworkAvas proach wasrebuiltwithstonepierson years a feet inlength.Inlessthantwo travel February17,1876.Ithadadraw, open topedestriansandforgeneral that mightbeconstructedateitherof of wayforitstracksoveranybridge finished December12,1885. continued inuseuntilthewesternap¬ porary trestleworkwaserectedand much morethanawreck,whentem¬ rock oftheriverbed.Archafterarch the slippingofpilesonshelving the bill,butitwaspassedoverhisdis¬ $250,000. Thecitizensprotestedagainst struct abridgeatcostnottoexceed Company wasincorporatedwitharight and SouthStreetPassengerRailway approval. TwodayslatertheLombard consequence GovernorCurtinvetoed this moveofthoLegislature,andin that yearitwasforceduponthecityby of abridgeoverSouthstreetwasnot road corporation. bridge tellm considered apublicnecessity,butin ou thedesignofStricklandKneassand towards thecost.Thebriddewasbuilt entirely builtandpaidforbytheraib street. Thisworkwascompletedonthe length is1528feet. lCouncils decidedtobulra 16th ofFebruary,1881,thebridgebeing to bridgetheSchuylkillatFilbert Broad StreetStationitbecamenecessarv Company decidedtorunitstrainsinto opened onJune23,1866.Itswhole pany thatitshouldcontribute$100,000 nut andWalnutStreetRailwavCom¬ quirement inthecharterofChest¬ this street bridgewasagreatdetriment,butj days, andtheexpenseofChestnut Treasury wasnotplentifulinthose1 this ldhation.MoneyintheCity1 On March30,1870,acontractwas Until thefirstofApril,1861,need When thePennsvlvaniaRailroad was partiallyovercomebyare¬ (fitLckW ,O’ay'. considerable portionofthis fell inonaccountof 1R LeslieGilliams. / 3/—f .*r

ome Relics *of Colonial Days

Quaint Mouses That Still Stand in Old Parts of Philadelphia as Reminders of the Time of William Penn and His Successors—Where They Are and What They Look Like.

But few travelers for the first time Place, a little. street up which a few visiting Philadelphia ever think of quit¬ quaint old dwellings are to be found.) ting the beaten track of sight-seeing as To the south is a yard or garden, for laid down by our citizens and guide which it was evidently used in the old; hooks. Thus they utterly ignore the days. To the student of quaint and| multitude of picturesque corners, quaint curious architecture of our early daysl streets and curious old buildings lull of nothing could be mere interestingistinar or at-at¬ historical reminiscences that strike the tractive than this antique dwelling. view in some sections of the city where At 407 Water, just south of Pine one least expects to find them. Yet if street, is an old three-story brick dwel¬ these visitors were, like the good Doctor ling, which has likely stood since the Syntax, in search of the picturesque days of Penn. Built against it is a relics of the original Philadelphia, the modern four-story warehouse, and on quaint village of Penn’s day and the the other side is also a comparatively Colonial period, they could still find modern dwelling as are the other build¬ such reminders, as they exist in really ings in the square, this one alone for surprising numbers. In truth, there is some unknown reason seems to have no city in the United States which is as been left as a relic or reminder of the well represented in this direction as our appearance of Water street in early days. old Quaker town. New York is entirely Water street, by the way, was not al¬ transformed. Boston is also largely ways called by its present name, as It was modernized, as are in fact, more or less, originally King street, and it was a very all the other old ante-revolutionary different, thoioughfare then from what towns in the thirteen original States. it is to-day. The steepness of the river The sole reason for their preservation banks Irani this street, which could not here is, that our city built up in another be done away with, was provided for by direction, and the ground which they: our ancestors by stone stairways, which occupy has not been required as yet lor were regulated by laws. Plans for lay¬ other purposes. ing out King street were made in 1690, To find these places you need a guide, I and it was then resolved that some stair-1 or some one who has lived in the lower ways leading up to Front street, section of the city since childhood, as should be erected for public use and you must wind in and out quaint courts should be placed at convenient distan¬ and alleys, up and down back streets ces in the streets leading from the river. and no thoroughfares. As might be These old stairways still stand and make surmised, the section where these relics a curious picture, breaking in like dream are still to be found is within four or views of the past upon the busy mod¬ five squares west of the Deiaware River, ern street, blooked with horses and stretching some distance, perhaps three wagons, bales and boxes of goods so or four miles north and south along the that the passerby is often obliged to cross water side streets. The old Swedish set¬ 1 the muddy cobble stone3 and to take tlement was some squares below South many intricate twistings, so as to enable street in the district of the city knowu progress on bis way. From the loot of before the consolidation of 1854, as the stairs one can look up into the “Southwark.” That any of these old; street above and see the gas lamps, the Swedish houses should still exist is signs of shops and the heads of the peo¬ almost beyond belief, yet such is never¬ ple and the tops of wagons going to and theless the case. iro, until it seems like watching the ONE OF THE OLDEST. scenes of a well managed panorama, On Front street, No. 9J8 South, is a Opposite the stairways, narrow dark quaint old building which is still in alleys lead to the river through which good condition and looking as if able to you can catch a glimpse ot the water, weather another century of wear and the view somewhat broken by thick tear, yet this dwelling is undoubtedly detached rafters which stretch from ene one of the very oldest in our town. The old house to another, and are probably exact date of its erection I have not intended to give them additional sup been able to determine, but I know that pork it, must have been in the seventeenth or QUEER EFFECTS. early part of the eighteenth century. It On "Water street, between Race and stands alone, thus affording an excellent Vine are several old houses, survivals ofi View of its proportions. such an early Philadelphia that no one| On the northern side runs Braceland can tell when these dwellings were! I 1 v; ^ -

STREET.

built, but they stand out picturesquely un an eery lane stand many old- against the modern five and six-story houses. One house on the east side

houses which surround' them.vu vixic Forp vJX was fresh and clean and nicely many years one of these old buildings painted, while on the door was a brightly bas been used as a broom shop. In this polished brass knocker, and inside of house the ceiling is so low that you al- the windows were snow-white shades. most touch it with your head. Opposite to it was a real antique black¬ A strange exterior effect of these smith shop, next to which were two rod buildings is given by the fact that every and black checkerboard houses. Poverty story is at a different angle. Interiorly, reigns nowadays in Chancery lane, but however, they have been entirely trans¬ there was a time when these old dwell¬ formed so that there is little to see by an ings were occupied by members of our inspection of the old rooms. It is rather colonial aristocracy. Poverty, however, interesting, however, to consider that cannot always crush beauty, and I no¬ beyond question they looked down ticed the other day a few simple flowers upon Captain Kidd and his merry band growing luxuriantly in boxes on the of sea rovers as they were wont to strut window sills of several of the houses. and stride through this street on their Evidently the inhabitants of Chancery way to tha rum cellar which once stood lane were not accustomed to the appear¬ but a lew doors above, known as the ance of spying strangers with photo¬ “Boy on the Barrel.” graph cameras in their midst, and when If we ascend the rather steep hill at they saw The Inquirer artists they Arch street, we pass just west of Front, | paused in their work and stared as if ;on the south side of the street, two very they were determined to enjoy the oc¬ |old houses, almost all that now remain casion to the utmost. The doors of the on Arch street in the way of reminders houses in this old street are made so that of those days. Just west of these dwell¬ the top can be opened while the bottom ings is Chancery lane. On either side of is shut, in other words in two sections. - -y - Thus by leaving the upper section of the f

• ' .•••:-' •'

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■

BTfiEHX.

aoor open ana the lower closed, theTn- originally "called Chancellor lane, and! habitants can enjoyi.iovt.. the air without fear was so named after a certain Captain! ot their children, who are numerous, Chancellor. wandering into the streets. It is hard to tell trom what source IN COOMBES ALLEY. Chancery lane derived its name. In Running westward from Chancery London there is such athoroughlare,and lane is Coombes alley. This street was this,some would-be authority has declar¬ first known as Garden alley. Here it ed, was so named because it was always was that young William Penn, Jr., got lull of chance sellers or peddlers. Wat-! into a drunken brawl, cutting away son, the good old Annalist, oi Philadel-1 from all restraints of Quaker training, phia, declares that^ Chaneery lane was upon which occasion, however, it is re- •v*

j

- 9IS SOUTH FRONT STREET. i ported that the said William-received a spread rapidly within such narrow con¬ severe cudgeling. He was spending an fines. Thirty-two persons within one evening at Enoch Story’s tavern when year died in this small street of this pes- ' he fell to quarreling with a lew choice Itilence. The houses in Coombes alley 'spirits who were keeping the watch, as are built of red and black checker-board [was then the custom, [bricks, and have wooden projections re¬ Coornbes alley obtained its present sembling unfinished roofs, dividing the name from its connection with the Rev. [first and second stories, Mr, Coombes, the first rector of Christ j From Coombes alley it is but a short Church. Until as late aa 1793 this street walk to Race street wharf. The old remained a popular and semi-fashion¬ building situated at the corner of Dela¬ able thoroughfare, and it had a very ware avenue and Race street and ramb¬ j large population for such narrow limits, ling back to Water street is undoubtedly 1 j We find that there were half a dozen [ one of the oldest relics to be found any- boarding houses along this street, be¬ 1 where in the down-town districts, as I sides the homes of merchants, laborers, j Race street was one of the earliest soldiers, marines, bakers and hucksters. wharves of the city, and this building When the famous epidemic of yellow was no doubt put up as soon as com¬ j fever in 1793 fastened itself upon Phila- . merce commenced to anchor at this idelphia the dense population of Coembes | peint. Regarding Its early history 1 can [alley was attacked arid the disease find nothing authentic. In 1775, prob- [ ably nearly one hundred years after it W 66

RACE STREET WHARF

built, Ritter, in bis ‘JMer-Ep? — ble of the stable Quaker merchants pffl chants ol' Phila

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PRESENT CONDITION OF PENN TREATY PARK. I. erfy-stricken and dejected, and it is to be which lTalTheen for some time owned DyThe noped that as soon as the city authorities se¬ city, an attractive view is to be obtained, cure possession of the property they will re¬ as a goodly portion of the Jersey shore store this interesting relic. The inscriptions is to be seen and ships and ship¬ on the stone are as follows: ping, besides the lower end of Petty’s1 ON THE NORTH. Island. This island was patented in 1684 to Treaty Ground Thomas Fannon, an early Quaker, in whose of house Penn spent a part of the first winter William Penn and i he he passed in Pennsylvania. The island at Indian Natives, that time was called Sbackamaxon, or Treaty; 1682. Island, from the fact of being the place Unbroken Faith. selected by the Delaware Indians for treaty ON THE SOUTH. purposes. It must be remembered that] William Penn, settlement by the white men had been made, Born 1644, and many titles to laud given from original 1 Died 1718. Indian rights long before Penn arrived in ON THE EAST. tnis colony. Pennsylvania, Around the old Penn Treaty Park there Founded 1681 are several interesting and curious land-1 by marks. _ The old Treaty Tree Hotel or Tav- i Deeds of Peace. eru, as it was called, stands to-day nearly op¬ ON THE WEST. posite the site of the historic elm. This Placed by the building, which is three stories in height, Penn Society was a famous hostelry in its day, and if its A. D. 1827, To Mark the Site age is estimated by an average humuu life it! Of the Great Elm Tree. has bad a pretty long existence. The long! line of hosts that dispensed hospitality to the The park to-day is enclosed by a high plank jolly tars that frequented its pleasant bar fence, the boards being nailed on supports room have ere this joined the silent some little distance apart. A partial view of majority. After it had its day as a the property and of the Penn Treaty Monu¬ hotel it was converted into a tenement ment can therefore be obtained from Beach bouse, and then for many a weary year the street. The monument stands on an eleva¬ old building stood tenantless and desolate, tion in the extreme northwestern corner of with the legend “ For Sale ” prominently em¬ the plot close to the wall of Neafie & Levy’s blazoned on its tightly-closed and grimy shut¬ shop. Standing within the confines of the ters, but several years ago it was purchased park and looking westward, it is difficult to by Neafie & Levy from Layman B. Childs. realize that you stand upon almost classic This firm lias remodeled and transformed the ground. It is a barren tract of un¬ old building into offices. They have modern- 1 cultivated property, and presents anything ized the lront, but apart from this, the old but a picturesque or historical appearance building is in appearance as it was when as apart from the monument there is nothing erected long years before thq Devolution. on the two odd acres but two dilapidated and partially demolished buildings. Still it is a But a few doors south of the old Treaty , valuable breathing spot and can with little Tree Hotel stands an equally ancient dwell¬ expense be made most attractive to the eve. Turning towards the east from the wharf, ing which has not been modernized in any way. This mansion, which is fast going to jj \

THE PARK jfe.ACH STREET. deecay, formerly was the palatial residence of I oncei famous hostelry known to all coiners as the Ayres family. Old Colonel Ayres, the last the “Bolivar House.” This property was for many years owned by the Newbold family, f the stock, resided within this house until coming to them by inheritance from Michael well on into this century and in its walls lie Newbold who, as early as 1754bought it from collected a number of relics pertaining to the William and Mary Fairman. Michael New- treaty, which before his death ne presented bold bequeathed it to his daughter Ann who to the State House Museum. This house is married Anthony Taylor: Ann Taylor be¬ now used as a sail-making establishment. It queathed it to her daughter, who married was built about 1778. Thomas Newbold, and at her death in Farther south on Beach street northeast of 1861 she left it to William A. Newbold, Marlborough stands another ancient relic, a .lier_ sole heir. Mr. Newbold died in

f

TREATY ELM AND FAIRMAN'S HOUSE. (After an old woodcut.) June, 1890, and the property was sold1 bought aud moved his family into a bouse on in November to Frederick Craemer by Broad street, hear Poplar. There, in the year Thomas E. Newbold, executor of William A. 1845 boys. I am sorry to confess that I was Newhold. For a leDgthy period the old about in 1845, for most people think I am still “Bolivar House” was a famous resort for sea in the twenties—but it is a tact. As I was captains and watermen in the days when saying, in the year 1845 there was built on the shipping was an active industry along Beach southwest corner of Broad and Poplar streets, I street. Its sign “ Don’t Give Up the Ship !’’ directly opposite our house, a large, white was indicative of the characterof the patrons marble mansion, which is standing there to it had, and is still a byword with the^resi- this day, and it has undergone very little dents ol the neighborhood. The “Bolivar! change in its 47 years of existence. It was House,’’ together with the Treaty Tree Hotel built by a Mr. and Mrs. Styles as their country and the historic Treaty Elm, were embraced! residence just think of that, a country resi¬ in what in colonial times was known as thei dence at Broad and Poplar. The” also had a Fairman estate. The riverroad, alongside of city residence next of Petry’s olu hotel, on which the old Treaty Elm grew, passed di¬ Walnut street, above third. They had no chil- ] rectly through the property close by the dren, aud had scarcely moved into the house Fairman Mansion, which was demolished in when Mrs. Styles died. Shortly afterward the 1825. The spot where it once stood is now a house was purchased by Mr. and Mrs. Davis, of vacant lot. Mississippi. They had scarcely moved in when Mrs. Davis died, and two months later Mr. Davis died. The house was then sold to the Mr. Neafie, the senior member of the firm Sisters of Mercy, but they had not lived there of Neafie & Levy, who has interested him¬ six months when two of the Sisters died, aud self in matters of local history, said the the others, taking alarm, sold the house. Next other day that the Fairman mansion ex¬ John Anspach took the house, but in a few tended well out across v/here Beach street is! months financial difficulties overtaking him he was compelled to relinquish the house. About now cut through and the road was closer and 1861 a Mr. Letiig bought the old house and nearer to the river. According to Mr. Neafie j furnished it like a palace, but the day he the property on the river side has been con¬ moved into it he died. The next purchaser siderably filled in of recent years and in the was Barnabas Hammett, a rich coal merchant. old days the treaty tree grew directly upon He lived in the house but a short time when the banks of the Delaware. “Some years death claimed him. The millionaire Charles J. ago,” he said, “ when making excavations we Harrah purchased and moved into the white came across the foundations of the old Fair-^ marble mansion about 15 years ago. The house man mansion. We also made excavations on is still in possession of the Harrah family, but the site_of the old treaty tree, when the roots since their occupancy of it Mr. Harrah died of this historic elm were unearthed. They there, as also did his wife, daughter, son and grandchild. were about eight feet in circumference and firmly imbedded in the ground. The Treaty “I never think of the old neighborhood,” Monument does not mark the exact spot continued Lawyer Arundel, without being im- where this tree grew, as the old roots were presed with the rapid growth of Philadelphia. about fifty-five feet northeast from the monu-: In 1849 there were no houses whatever on nient.” ■— M J Inroad street, north of Poplar—nothing but tveen fields, pasture, cows, and nut-brown E. Leslie Gilliams. , farmers' daughters. My father bought two houses at Broad and Popular for $3500 each that would then rent for $300 peryear. To-day t^ 7-Z—. I the same houses in the same locality would bring $150 per month. My father died in 1868. I (/b^LcA*. , when the two houses for which he had paid S3500 each were sold for $18,000 each. I merely mention this to show the rise in the value of property in that location.” Robert J. Arundel, Sr., the father of the prominent Lawyers George W. and Robert J. A HOUSE i/vup HISTORY Arundel, was a prominent Democratic politi¬ cian as well as lawyer, and was a bosom friend ot the late Mayor Swift. Previous to Mr. Arun¬ A Chat About Old Times—Lawyer Robert del s removal to Broad street, Messrs. Arundel and Swift lived in opposite houses on Tenth J. Arundel Gfives Some Interesting street, above Locust. While living here Henry Reminiscences of Philadelphia History, Clay, the great American statesman, who was also a friend of Swift’s, visited the latter, and Which Will be News to the Rising' Mr. Arundel, taking advantage of the occasion, Generation. gave a grand reception to Clay, at which all the notables of the day were present. Again, in 1866, just previous to his death, Mr. Arundel A party of gentlemen sat in the elegant law gave a grand reception at his Broad street resi¬ offices of Robert J. Arundel, 501 Chestnut street, dence to the great Southern orator and states¬ the other day discussing fate and kindred sub¬ man, Alexander H. Stephens,who was hero to at¬ tend the great Constitutional Convention held in jects and smoking excellent Havana cigars, the Wigwam, on Girard avenue, above Eigh¬ (lor which Bob ’ is noted to deal out) when teenth street. There were also present at this the genial host said he would give a little reception ex-President James Buchanan, Rev- history of a well-kuown buildiug in this city, erdy Johnson, Breckinridge, Yallandigham, which would prove that housos, as well as peo¬ Montgomery Blair and General Gordon, of ple are sometimes fated. Georgia. Mr. Arundel was prominent, both as a civil and a criminal lawyer, and during the “When I was a boy,” said Mr. Arundel, “my term of President Pierce was prominently father, Robert J. Arundel, after whom I am mentioned as Minister to the Court of St, James, i named, then a prominent lawyer of this city, 73

Thomas Rankin, Robert Strawbridge, 'Richard Wright, Freeborn Garrettson, Robert Williams, George G. Cookman, 'Francis Hudson, Charles Putnam, Rob¬ ert H. Pattison, father of the present (%&il«.,&*■. \ Governor. Ho was pastor here thirty years ago. Its first pastor was Thomas Webb, who organized a class meeting £ ’• . / #• . c “2 '/- '' •’ ' in 17 67, and first met to worship iu a ; sail loft on Dock street. The church j was dedicated November 24, 1769. K3UER fl CENTURY The anniversary exercises will con¬ tinue through the entire week. Yester¬ day afternoon a love feast was held, and IN EXISTENCE last night Rev. S. W. Gehrett preached a sermon. To-night Thomas W. Price will make an address on the “Memories of Other Days in St. George’s.” To¬ Ong Hnndrsi aMTltnty-tliM AnniTtr- morrow night addresses will be made by Rev. Joseph Welsh and John Simmons on th© “Growth of Methodism.” Wed¬ san at St. tout’s ClrarcA nesday night will bo Christian Endeavor meeting, and on Thursday Postmaster John Field will deliver an address. On Sunday Rev. Dr. John A. Roche, ol New BISHOP FOSS REVIEWS ITS HISTORY I York; Rev. N. B. Durr«ll and Rev. J. B. McCollough will make addresses. On Sunday evening Chaplain Trifon, D. S. i Rev. Dr. Wilbur L Chapman Neti- N., will preach. j lies Bethany’s Cowgregatio* Thai On account of the thinning out of the congregation an effort is being made to i He Will Resume Mis Pastorate endow the church, and thus far one-half Dr. Stevens’ Sermen to Women. of the amount, f40,000, has been raised.

The oldest Methodist church in th 1 world—St. George’s, on Fourth street <2>fe a j above Race—was tilled with represent® live members of that denomination yes J terday morning, in honor ot its 123' . C j anniversary exercises. Bishop Cyrus D. Foss preached th I principal sermon, in which he referre & h- \ i PIS'> £-2-/~~q jy (to the wonderful growth of Methodisr |in this country and the fond hopes h j had for the continued prosperity of th iCiiurch. Ho dealt principally with th I organization of the Church, and the difi iculties its founder, John Wesley, ei ! countered in the prejudiced minds < the sturdy Britons. He grew eloquei over the bright prospects of Methodisn and paid glowing tributes to tf memories of the men who had give their lives to the work in th© years th iare gone. The church is an ordinary sized two- FALSE REPORT OP storied structure, and was built origi¬ nally lor a German Lutheran Congre¬ HIS A£ gation in 1763 and named in honor of King George. Before it was completed jit was sold at Sheriffs sale to a young Gallant Service in Indian Wa' man whose mind was unbalanced. The purchaser’s father afterwards sold it at a Which Won the Respect and sacrifice, and thus it came in to the hands . of the Methodists, making it the Admiration of His Super¬ mother ot American Methodism and the oldest Methodist Church now standing. iors as Well as of the The corner stone of John Wesley’s city chapel, London, was not laid until 1777. Rank and File. The first Methodist conference in America was held in St. George’s Church, July 14, 1773, at which only ten delegates assembled. A stone tablet set The unfounded report from San An¬ in the front of the church attests this tonio. Tex., that Captain John G fact. Bourke. D. 8. A., the Third Cav¬ During the 123 years of the church’s alry fighter, had been shot dead in existence it has been served by 121 ministers, including Rev. G. W. F. Grail, court hy a deputy marshal while giving its present pastor. Some of the greatest evidence as to the violition of neutrality men in the Church have ministered laws during the late Garza uprising along here, among whom were Bishop Asburv, the Rio Grande border, created a sensation

• in many directions in Philadelphia, and b»s invested wi b 'an Interest more generally ( aptain Bourse s dWn fangunge. ” Bandits felt than ever the story of the rise of this V ’ ^bu have a perfect organization, a exceptionally active soldier. good system of signals, know the counDy thoroughly and.being without uniform can Captain Bourke was a Philadelphia hoy turn f.hern?plvf8 into innocent during the years that preceded bisero- and goat herders in five uS, ■traDcbn,en I barkation opon the career that has won for biro his present fighting eminence. In ibis hIUS" | of about 200 Garz, followers. i„a(K city there are many who recollect him well chspparal near the ranch ofGa.cie. Garza’s! from the time he first began to play about father-in-law Cap.ain Blocks’ Texus the streets until he left bis native town for Bangers and Troop A. Third Cavalry and ! good and all. a force of deputy marshals, were the A meH can vanguard. These attacked the hamti s‘ A FRIEND’S TRIBUTE. who ref,red Captain Bourke. as can ain Captain B. A. Riley, now retired from active service in the regular army and a folunTeeTb'8 rep°rt- ^alongaa’a! resident of Philadelphia.was intimate with “These bandits," savs Cantain , the officer and served through two bloody repoe,. ‘ scattered in the chapparal a? s!,m down, and I do not think fhev will fioht! .Indian campaigns with biro. Captain Riley much unless they get in the toils.’’ fiRbt savs: Bourke is a fine soldier and a very determined roan; one who was thoroughly GARZA WANTED A REPUBLIC trusted by the late General Crook, under Garza, meanwhile, realizing "that hi, whom he served in Arizona and in the “cause" was looked uponwhh susLtnn Yellowstone country in the Custer cam¬ tried to rehabilitate himself with the natives paign. on the Mexican side. This resulted in a He was a Philadelphian, hut whether he temporary accretion of his force The bas any relatives, now living in this citvl people made a scant living herding aud I cannot tell. Farly in the '60’s he grad-! nated from West Point. He was a mem¬ workmg as agricultural laborers and were ber of the Fifteenth Pennsylvania, or as1 easily induced for a time to join the revo¬ it was better known, the Anderson Cavalry j lutionary standard of Gsrzs ° i ranking as a second lie .tenant. In 1887 Garza’s sebe ne. hacked hy a large amnnn* he joined the Third Cavalry .then skirmish- of money, contemplated the dedarsl;!!UnJ ing in Arizona under directon of Genera i a rephulic under the eonMifution of%77> Crook. It W8S there that i met Captain as scon as the northers stretch of Mexico Bourke. Crook made him his aide and had been cut off hy military cordons This design was pl-aded hy (i«rza '"19 placed much confidence in bis ability and i courage. lion of many plundering expedition*'^The The bloody war with the Apaches was base of operations was on the FTni** * soon in progress asd for four years we side of the Rio Grande in TeVaS * I* fought the red men until they were subdued. , concerted movement-1'iexico npon Mexico wwas w^at Bourke was a splendid linguist and fre¬ it became necffisnrvnecessary ibo«that rTr,„.~Hncle Sam' * w at quently acted as an official irtrrpreler he- j should prevent. There Is „„ 5 , tween the Ppinish-speaking Indians and the anti-Diaz element in rionht ,tlHt Genpra! Howard, who united General constituted anfh-.rifiel 0f tliat re™Jr* Crooks’ command with his own. much concern for a time f ‘ repobilc Me in while raptain Bourke ws, in „„„ I AS A MILITARY WRITER. mand at Fort Ringgold alone rh i- com‘ T have matiy recollections of Bourke’s hnsf ilfgies, Aptain ,.'o„rkBnVert £WA°f usefulness in snch a capacity. He was a sistant Adjutant Genera] Martin at mHl/ witty man and a clever story teller. Some c^q'iarJP^ in.S3n An'ooio, Texaa fori if bis spare time was also passed in writ¬ good guides and scouts. for ing articles on military topics. I believe several years ago he wrote a book giving nis experiences in the army. He was very popular with his associates snd com-ades in avals. When at Omaha with Gene-al Crook be was married to United States Senaior Manderson’s daughter, if my memory serves roe correctly. When the Indian trouble’s in the Yellow- stone country broke nut. Captain Bourke was again with General Crook and partici¬ pated in the fight oil Rosebud River, when Sifting Rull held our forces lack and then drew away only to annihilate General Cus¬ ter’s band of lirave men. About two years ago Captain Bourke was Setailed to join General Stanley’s command then regulating affairs along the Mexioari border, and the chase after Garza, the out¬ law. gave him ample opportunity to be of excellent service. Garza's guerrillas. Captain Bourke’s ehipf prominence as a United States army officer dates from the Garza guerrilla warfare, which grew from a spasmodic uprising into a concerted revo¬ lution against the Mexican Government. The sei Duty led “revolutionists" were, in r family ouTthe top ttoor, will be oracled on lllff 3lt&

1 ^ 9fens1?aw- of ,he rtrug firm of Bul- o-C CrenSTlaw’on Arch *treet, below i Sixth, knew Dr. Gardom well, and in a -^ '*’*■ l | ®°nv®r8ation with a Cali, reporter yester¬ day he said: When I was considerably $a X s /-# 2__ younger than I am now, I have seen Drf Gardom come to our place for such articles ®aiiuUSW m tllB naanufacture of his pills > rf.raS.an eccontric sort 01 “an, and had yU OLD LANDMARK. nut little to say. Sometimes, however lie would come baok into the office and indulge ! V? ? oijat with those In oharge, and ! ANOTHER ANCIENT BUILDING BEING i uisp,a}ed a fund of knowledge which was quite remarkable. After a while, however TORN DOWN. his pills traveled in the path which all patent medicines must go, and we heard no more of them. I doubt if there is one in It Was Erected in 1788 and Has existence at the present time.” Had Many Tenants, Among its v of Dr’ Ganlom now resides at 138 North Nineteenth street, one of the aris¬ Whom Was Dr. tocratic sections of the city. She stiil owns the property. Gardom.

Another of Philadelphia's landmarks is fast disappearing, and in a week or two nothing will be left of the historical old mansion on the east side of Seventh above Jayne. The building, which is now being obci^t ■ / J't I rapidly demolished by a force of workmen employed by Contractors Georgo Watson & 8ons, is probably one of the oldest which is Bow standing in the city. In recent years it has been occupied by Tariousi business firms, and almost until the work of demolition was begun, by a printer and paper dealer. Years ago it was the business placs of Dr Gardom, who in the early half of the cen¬ tury made bis name famous by furnishing the people of the city with a superior kind Of pill, which was warranted to cure almost •very complaint known. | He made a fortune out of his famous pill ' t^°lr5 po,.1uIarity fiual>y waned, and while Gardom’s Pills still remain in the j “entries of old physicians and druggists there are few of them, if any, in tho stocks I the drug stores of to-day. Dr. Gardom realized this fact, and long I Before they had ceased to retain their hold 1 ®n Popular favor he turned his attention to dealing in paints, oils and varnishes, and | the people of the present generation will no (doubt recall _the old building as the one ISJlSpSntSho^ CaUed ^ “SaV8nth erected in 1788. The building was erected in 1788 and was built in so substantial a manner that even if left standing alone would have been •ole to weather the storms of another cen¬ tury. Frequent auditions were made to it from time to time, however, and its appear¬ THE PENN TREATY PARK ance took on as many changes. From the old style two and one-half, or attic, storied Duilding, it became three stories in height pIISTOPJC GROUND AT LAST PURCHASED with the peaked roof which years ago was SO common. b ■BY COUNCILS. i TLe P!ans for the new structure call for a modern four-story brick building, but as yet they have not been finished Bv the NEGLtCTED FOR MANY YEARS time the work of tearing down the old one is Completed they will be ready, and it is understood that a building suitable either TAe Spot oh Which Penn is Said to Have for offices or manufacturing purnoses, with Made His Treaty Now to be Properly dwelling quarters for a janitor and his Cared For—Tiie Monument and Its Sur¬ roundings. uM ■ i ..''ia-'/SmJr:ivjqL. •. ^ It seems rather remarkable that from the As both branches of Councils have author¬ date of the publication of the above quoted ized the condemnation and purchase, at aj report until the present day no real etlort cost not to exceed $85,000, of Penn Treaty! has been made to purchase this property by, Park, situated north of Hanover street, be-1 the city, as for years the treaty monument; has been in a dilapidated and disgraceful' tween Beach street and the Delaware river,! condition, uncared for and unkept, con-! ■with an area of 2.593 acres. It will now be stantly menaced with destruction. Indeed, but a short time before the city gains posses¬ it is almost miraculous that this marking! sion of this historic tract, and the people of stone of an historic event should still exist, i the Eighteenth ward gain a breathing place,! which is by them badly needed, and is .thus1 The historic association of the park are of exceptional value, as, aside from its his¬ as interesting as those of any spot in Phila¬ toric features, the scenery from this new park delphia, and they are certainly the oldest. on a summer day or evening is beautiful. Yet while their traditions are cherished with affection in every household, a skepticism The purchase of the Penn Treaty Park by has grown up which questions if such an the city is not, as might be supposed, a move¬ event as a treaty between William Penn and ment of recent growth. A report of the the Indians upon this property ever occurred. County Board, dated 1848, recommends in Fortunately, however, tradition and record strong language the acquisition of this prop¬ agree as to Penn’s purchase of land from the « erty, and thinks the failure to act would Indians and treaty of friendship with them, cause unceasing regret for its irreparable resulting in an uninterrupted peace for sev- loss. A resolution was consequently adopted entyyears. Duringthe whole of the eighteenth appropriating a sum of money to effect the and a portion of the nineteenth centuries, this tradition was accepted without question. purchase, but after the mattor had gone thus Benjamin West’s famous picture of the treaty, far the County Commissioners assumed that painted about the middle of the.eighteenth they had no right to purchase or sell real century, points to this, and Clarkson, in his estate, so the Legislature was appealed to to “ Life of Penn,” published iu 1813, gives an pass an act empowering them to make elaborate account of the treaty, from informa- the purchase, hut nothing was ef¬ fected and the money was absorbed in the expenditures of the succeeding fiscal year. The project lay iu abeyance until 1852, when it was revived and a survey made, upon a petition by the Board of Commissioners of the district of Kensington to the Quarter Sessions. A jury was appointed to assess damages, the Historical Society approved thej action of the Legislature and expressed a Lope that the Commissioners might be in¬ duced to take early action, but the whole matter seems to have rested there. The committee who made the report certainly used every argument which should have weight, as even the following brief extract; would show: So far as the expression of public opinion has been enlisted the indications are stroDgly In favor lor tbe purchase of this ground. The record of Penn’s treaty or conference Is a singular feature in the early history of Penn¬ sylvania, unparalleled in the annals of any other Commonwealth, and the spot where the simple, touching drama was performed by the Quaker and the Indians should long ago have been made one of tbe chief attrac¬ THE BOLIVAR HOUSE. tions of Philadelphia. The spectator, whether W a tourist from abroad or a citizen belonging tion furnished by West, showing that at this in our midst, is in either case shocked and meeting Penn paid the Indians for tbeir land mortified at the spectacle presented in its dilapidated condition,and turns away mourn¬ and made a treaty of peace with them. But ing the indifference-which permits It so to one of the most important and convincing remain. proofs of such a treaty is a letter of Penn’s, After speaking of the associations called written to the Free Society of Traders, up by a visit to Independence Hall, the re¬ August. 16, 1683, in which he says, referring; port continues: to the Indians: So also with the visitor to Penn’s treaty When the Purchase was agreed, great ground, where the iounder of the city and Promise passed between us, ot Kiudneis and Stale, whose laws are panoply and protec¬ good Neighbourhood, and that the Indians tion, under the spreading elm tree met the and English must live in JLove as long as tne warrior red men in council and by deeds of Sun gave Light; which done another made a peace established the principles of tbe policy m Speech to the Indians in the name of all the which banished tne sword and the scalping Sacbamakan, or Kings, first to tell them iknife for two generations ot men. Who can what was done; next, to charge and com¬ mand them to Christians, and par¬ -visit Ibe cradle of that event, now a text for love the the moralist and a theme for the statesman, ticularly live in peace with me, aDd thereo- -without feeling the charm of the historian’s ple under my Government; that many Gov¬ wand and having its sleeping memories ernors nad been in the River, but tnat no awakened. Governor had come himself to live*P« 77 fcfilSL-#Hr

, '1

jr PRESENT CONDITION OF PENN TREATY PARK. here before, ana naving Bow sucn an one that bad treated them well, they should origin in promises that were made after Penn never do him or his any wrong. At every arrived. It has been argued that these ex¬ sentence of which they shouted, and said, pressions may refer to the treaty of 1701. Amen, in their way. This treaty seems to have been a formal ono. and certainly most important. It cannot be The first writer to attest that the treaty doubted that tradition in sortie measure has was made as soon as Penn arrived was Old- confounded what was then done with the jnixon, in 170S. It is on record that the earlier treaty which Penn’s letter of August Chief of Five Nations told Governor Gordon 16, 1683, tells us had been held, but tbe preliminary articles of the treaty of 1701 that “Governor Penn, when he first came speak of friendship which had existed since into the Province, took all the Indians by j Penn first arrived and the languageof Logan, the band, he embraced them as his friends Civility and Keith used between 1720 and and brethren, and male a firm friendship of 1722, that Penn made a league of peace with bargain with them.” In April, 1722. Lieu¬ the Indians about forty years earlier, together tenant Governor Sir William Keith met the with the reiterated statements of others that Indians at Conestoga, on which occasion the it was soon after he first arrived, is too strong to be disregarded. It has been argued that, chief, “Captain Civility,” said when the i no record has been preserved of what was proprietor, William Penn, came to this done at this treaty, its agreements were not country forty years ago, he got some persons at New York to purchase the lands on the Susquehanna from The Five Nations who pretended a right to them, having con¬ quered the people formerly settled there, and that when William Penn came from New York be sent for them to hold a Council with him at Philadelphia. Ou the 14th of March, 1721, James Logan and Colonel French met the Indians at Conestoga and Logan then said : “ William Penn, our and your father, when he first settled this coun¬ try with English subjects, made a firm league of friendship and brothorhood with all the Indians then in these parts, and agreed that both you and his people should be all as one flesh and blood.” On the satue occasion a message was sent to tbe Senecas beginning: “William Penn made a firm peace and league with the Indians in these parts near forty years ago, which league has often been repeated and never broken.” Many other such expressions are to be found in the records of t-he Indian conferences, and

friemlship whuff^xisted between and the English in Pennsylvania had THE OLD AYRES HOUSE.

Me-- a THE PARK AND MONUMENT FROM BEACH STREET. reduced to writing, and it has always been plainly that it was held in the open air. As spoken of as the treaty which was never further proof, Heckwelder relates that when sworn to. When we take into consideration, Penn met the Indians he did so under a however, the carelessness to which the archives : grove of shade trees, and Benjamin Lay,1 of this State have been exposed, it is not sur¬ who came to America in 1731, states that the prising that there is an absence of document¬ elm was pointed out to him as marking the ary evidence existing to-day, for it is only spot where Penn’s treaty was held. In fact, reasonable to presume that a document giv¬ there is more reliable data substantiating the ing the rules which should regulate the in¬ fact that Penn held this treaty at Sbacka- tercourse between the Indians and the set¬ maxon than there is that the Pilgrims first tlers, was executed, and that the Indians at set foot on Plymouth Rock, as the above are least received a copy of it. but a portion of the facts and data that might be brought forward to confront our However, such a custom was not uniform . skeptics and to show the historic value of; as in 1720 Captain Civility asked on behalf of Penn Treaty Park. the Ganawese, but lately come into the prov¬ For many years after Penn’s treaty the ince, that “ they have no writing to show only landmark to the spot was an old and their league of friendship as the others have, noble elm tree, beneath whose spreading and desire they may be favored with one.” It branches the treaty is supposed to have been is, however, hardly possible to think that held. During a great gale in March, 1810, some code should not have been recorded and this tree was blown down and it was then agreed upon at the treaty held in Jane, 1GS3, determined, by its rings, that it was at least under the great elm at Kensington, and not, : two hundred aud eighty-three years old. as is generally supposed, soon after Penn’s: From the time of the treaty to the date of its arrival, in December, 1682. In proof of this! destruction this tree was always venerated Penn may be quoted, as in 1685 he wrote of; and protected with great care. During the the Indians: “If any of them break our Revolutionary War, when the British occu¬ laws they submit to be punished by them, pied the city and firewood was often ex¬ and this they have tied themselves by an ob¬ tremely scarce, the treaty tree was several ligation under their hands.” As to the place times in danger of the woodman’s axe, but where it was held, everthing points to Penn i ■was saved hy the British officers on account Treaty Park, up in Sbackamaxon, as William of its history. General Semcoe, who had Penn during the latter part of the winter of I command of the troops, at one time ordered a squad of British soldiers to protect it day aud 1682-3 lived in the Fairman mansion, night. When tbe tree was blown down which stood very close to the great many persons sought as relics pieces of elm tree. This, together with Penn’s its wood, which were carved into chairs, own statement in a letter to the Earl of canes, penholders and what-nots. A pitcher Sunderland, dated July 28, 1683, in which he was also made out of its wood, which was re- gives a description of the treaty, shows garded at that period as a marvelousvelous piece of 79 carving. The Philadelphia Association of ON THE SOUTH. Coopers purchased, it and presented the relic William Penn, to General Jackson after the battle of New Born 1644, Orleans. This pitcher is preserved, with Died 1718. other relics, at the Hermitage Museum in ON THE EAST. Tennessee. A number of shoots sprang up Pennsylvania, from the stump of the Treaty Elm, several of Founded 1681 which were transplanted to different sections by of the city. Odc was planted on the old Bet¬ Deeds of Peace. tering house lot at Eleventh and Spruce ON THE WEST. streets. When this property was sold and Placed by the Clinton street cut through this tree was Penn 'Society, in the way, consequently it was cut down. A. D. 1827, A shoot, however, was taken from it and To Mark tbeStte planted in the yard of the Quaker Meeting Of the Great Elm Tree. House at Twelfth and Chestnut streets. Sev¬ The park to-day is enclosed by a high plank eral other shoots of the Treaty Tree were fence, the boards being nailed ou supports transplanted by John Bunn to the grounds some little distance apart. A partial view of of the Pennsylvania Hospital, where they the property and of the Penn Treaty Monu¬ thrived wonderfully until 1338, when they ment cau therefore be obtained from Beach were cut down to give way to additional street. The monument stands on an eleva¬ buildings for the hospital. W illiain Malm, tion in the extreme northwestern corner of who was then steward, was a great lover the plot close to tho wail of Neafie & Levy’s of flowers and trees, and, fearing that shop. Standing within the confines of the the stock of tho old tree might park and looking westward, it is difficult to become extinct, he secured a shoot realize that you sftand upon almost classic from one of the trees and planted ground. It is a barren tract of un¬ it in the left of the clinic building, where it cultivated property, and presents anything can be seen to-day, a noble specimeji of the but a picturesque or historical appearance American elm. As there is not at the mo¬ as apart from the monument there is nothing ment a vestige of foliage on the Treaty Tree on the two odd acres but two dilapidated and Park it might be a good idea for the authori¬ partially demolished buildings. Still it is a ties having the park iu charge to secure ; valuable breathing spot and can with little shoots from the elm on the hospital ground expense be made most attractive to the eye. and the one in the yard of the Quaker Meet¬ Turning towards the east from the wharf, ing House on Twelfth street, above Chestnut which has been for some time owned by the street, and plant them in various parts of the city, an attractive view is to be obtained, new park. They would thus be reminders of as a goodly portion of the Jersey shore tbeir ancestor and at the same time commem¬ is to be seen and shins and ship¬ orate, as did the original elm, Penn’s treaty. ping, besides the lower end of Petty’s Island. This island was patented in 1684 to For some time after the Treaty Elm was Thomas Fannon, an early Quaker, in whose blown down no effort was made to mark the house Penn spent a part of the first winter spot where it once stood, but in 1827 an asso¬ he passed in Pennsylvania. The island at that time was called Shackamaxon, or Treaty ciation of citizens embodied for the commemo¬ Island, from the fact of being the place ration of historical subjects connected with selected by the Delaware Indians for treaty tho history of Pennsylvania, and called the purposes. It must be remembered that Penn Society, was formed. The first move settlement by the white men had been made, this organization made was to obtain tho and many titles to land given from original right of placing a small marble monument Indian rights long before Penn arrived in tnis colony. .on an enclosure of ground on Beach street, Around the old Peun Treaty Pork there Kensington, near where the great elm stood. are several interesting and curious land-t 'This memorial was the first public monument ; marks. The old Treaty Tree Hotel or Tav¬ 'erected in Philadelphia and is, therefore, of ern, as it was called, stands to-day nearly op¬ double interest. It is a simple block of mar¬ posite the site of the historic elm. This ble placed upon a marble base about four building, which is three stories in height, feet high and in the shape of a truncated was a famous hostelry iu its day, and if its pyramid sloping from the base. When it was age is estimated by an average humau life it j erected it was regarded as merely a tempo¬ has had a pretty long existence. The long rary affair, as the society proposed at a later line of hosts that dispensed hospitality to the date to erect a much larger monument, but jolly tars that frequented its pleasant bar they were never able to do this, and the lit- room have ere this joined the silent I tie memorial still remains. 1'or years it has majority. After it had its day as a !stood friendless and alone, apparently out of hotel it was converted into a tenement I place, on the ragged edge of Gaskill & Sou’s house, and then for many a weary year the ; abandoned lumber yard. It looks old, pov- old building stood tenantless and desolate, 1 erty-stricken and dejected, and it is to be with the legend “ For Sale ” prominently em¬ hoped that as soon as the city authorities se- ! blazoned ou its tightly-closed and grimy shut¬ I cure possession of the property they will re- ; ters, but several years ago it was purchased (store this interesting relic. The inscriptions ( by Neafie & Levy from I .ay man B. Childs. on the stone are as follows: This firm has remodeled and transformed tho ON THE NORTH. old building into offices. They have modern¬ Treaty Ground ized the front, but apart from this, the old pi i. of building is in appearance as it was when William Penn I i and i be erected long years before the devolution. Indian Natives, 1682. « But a iew doors south of the old Treaty Unbroken Faith. Tree Hotel stands an equally ancient dwell- ■7w { WUr 'If " .

!

TREATY ELM AND FAIRMAN’S HOUSE, (After an old woodcut.)

ing which has not been modernized in any Mr. Neafie, the senior member oF the firm] way. This mansion, which is fast going to of Neafie & Levy, who has interested him-, deecay, formerly was the palatial residence of seif in matters of local history, said the! the Ayres family. Old Colonel Ayres, the last other day that the Fairman mansion ex- j of the stock, resided within this house until tended well out across where Beach street is well on into this century and in its walls he now cut through and the road was closer and collected a number of relics pertaining to the treaty, which before his death ne presented nearer to the river. According to Mr. Neafie to the State House Museum. This house is th^ property on the river side has been con¬ now nsed as a sail-making establishment. It siderably filled in of recent years and in the was built about 1778. old days the treaty tree grew directly upon Farther south on Beach street northeast of the hanks of the Delaware. “Soma years Marlborough stands another ancient relic, a ago,’ he said, “ when making excavations we I once famous hostelry known to all comers as came across the foundations of the old Fair- the Bolivar House.” This property wasTor man mansion. We also made excavations on many years owned by the Newbold family the site of the old treaty tree, when the roots coming to them by inheritance from Michael of this historic elm were unearthed^ They] blewbold who, as early as 1754 bought it from were about eight feet in circumference and William and Mary Fail-man. Michael New- firmly imbedded in the ground. The Treaty bold bequeathed it to his daughter Ann who Monument does not mark the exact spot married Anthony Taylor. Ann Taylor be¬ where this tree grew, as the old roots were queathed it to her daughter, who married about fifty-five feet northeast from the monu¬ iQcim^8 Newboid, aud at her death in ment.” 1 . Ie61 she left it to William A. Newbold E.' Leslie Gilliams. her sole heir. Mr. Newbold died in June, 1890, and the property was sold m November to Frederick Craemer by thorn as E. Newbold, executor of William A. Newbold. For a lengthy period the old Boli var House ”, was a famous resort tor sea captains and watermen in the days when shipping was an active industry along Beach street. Its sign “Don’t Give Un the Ship was indicative of the character of the patrons it. badland is still a byword with the resi- ,r“ts of the neighborhood. The “Bolivar! ami the , °iether'f,th tbe Treaty Tree Hotel In i.I t h.,st0T Treaf? Elm, were embraced in what in colonial times was known as the es,,a1te- The fiver road, alongside of . ^ wh ch the old Treaty Elm grew, passed di- th,ou-h. the property close bv the Manslon- wll!ph was demolished in ihe sPOt where it once stood is now a

L WHAT THEY RECORD OF THE HISTORY OF ARCHl TECTURE IN PHILADELPHIA.

Sixth. Ten years of half unconscious striv¬ ing alter belter things. Seventh. The modern period of uure- strfeted liberty and conscious artistic effort.

There are still in existence some very good and well-preserved examples of the early Colonial period when houses were built with

A COLONIAL DOORWAY. THE MORRIS HOUSE ON EIGHTH STREET.

A good, comprehensive survey of architec¬ ture in Philadelphia has yet to he written, and in spite of the frequent poverty of both idea and expression among the architects 1 who have lent their successive talents, or the \ lack of them, toward the construction of this city, there is material for an interesting his¬ tory. In the absence of such a survey, or of red and black checkerboard bricks, and the a guide to the architecture of our homes and front doorway was as plain and as unostenta¬ public buildings, any one who cares to look tious as a pipestem. Take for instance the about him may get a good general idea of the doorway of William Penn’s cottage near the successive influences that have ruled in the Zoological Gardens in Fairmount Park,which development of our domestic architecture by formerly stood do wn in Letitia court, or the simply studying the front doors of the dwell¬ doorways in a row of old houses on Swanson ings about him. There is no abstract rule by street. These are only a few of the many doorways of this character which are to he which to classify these, but, roughly speaking, seen on our down-town byways. the periods which they illustrate may be This earliest period of architecture, except designated as follows: for its historical value, is not as interesting, First. The early Colonial. because not as ornate or picturesque as the Second. The Middle Colonial, overlapping Middle Colonial period, as by 1750 many • the first and closing with the endof theeigh- wealthy mec bad located in this city and teenlh century. Third. The Republican (to coin a name), built extensive and handsome homes, pro¬ a development of the Colonial feeling, and vided with all the luxuries and beauties showing a little more of French influence which wealth at that time could supply. A than ol F.nglish. capital example of the Middle Colonial period Fourth. An era of barren ugliness from of doorway is that of the old . I 1S30 10 1850, derived ir. Us dull respectability i chiefly Irom F.ogland. No. 244 South Third street. This house was Fifth. Au era of unredeemed bad taste built about 1769, and was au extremely hand- ] from 1850 lo 1870. _ . So mansion ui ttsl?®/," being still, alter »any years of “Wear attl^ear and abuse, in a Ig var'a*1011 °jf that in vogue in the Oil condition. It ivas the residence of Middlo Colonial period.' It is simply a broad¬ auel Powel, the last Colonial Mayor under ening out and a partial evolution of the same jJie charter of 1771 and'the first Mayor elected ; wmHh after the Revolutionary war. The pillars and pilaster arohed opening graceful division of the fhn-like transo delicacy of the wood work and carving aim fine mouldings of this doorway are character¬ istic of the best and representative type of the Middle Colonial dwellings. Another specimen of the Middle Colonial doorway is that of the old Morris house on the east side of Eighth .street, just south of Walnut street. This was once a fine old Col¬ onial mansion, and is still kept up and used' as a residence by descendants of the original

■■ - • TYPICAL TOMBSTONE DOORV/AY, SPRUCE ABOVE SIXTEENTH. idea and really makes a creditable and im¬ posing appearance, aud has been extensively I DOORWAYS OF THE 1850 PERIOD, SPRUCE copied in our own time.

STREET t- DOVE ELEVENTH. In some of the more elaborate examples of the doorways of 1800 the simple iambs be¬ owner. There has been no alteration in any tween the door and the side windows often way to the doorway of fife Morris house, and became finely grooved columns as do the it consequently gives a correct idea of the th

MR. RODMAN WISTER’S DOORWAY, NO. 1014 T SPRUCE. MRS. CHARLES HARRISON’S DOORWAY, LOCUST S?r SCim/«a ’S that °Wned by BSMwn ABOVE SIXTEENTH. VVister, 1014 Spruce street. This attractive city, and even then brownstone was only that^ut fen flrst was looked upon in that old-fashioned neighborhood of red bricks used for trimmings, or as a means of decora¬ and alarms marble as almost a curiosity, and tion at first. Thus the sides and top of door¬ people_ wondered as to how any one could bo ways were overloaded with badly-carved masses of this stone, a very bad combination Znn!Vv 0 ?tte“l>t a design so out of the geneial line of architecture in this city. In¬ with brick. \et these types of doorways are deed it was very severely frowned down and scattered all over the city and lor a time enticised by some of our best broad-brimmed seem to have been quite popular. citizens. 1 he new order of things, however White marble was also' used during this r^tuTt?'blie’.f°r the youn£er generation of aichitects had begun to speak, and their voice period as a house and doorway trimming, 1 is now omnipotent. thus producing some frightfully inartistic |effeots. It seems almost surprising that this . To discuss the present era, with its brill¬ ugly style of architecture should have con¬ iant vigor of competition, its commingling of tinued in vogue as long as it did. The height architects trained and untrained in one au¬ of the period of extreme ugliness in house dacious band of brigands who pillage all decoration extended from 1850 to 1870, and . styles to form their own, its artistic catch¬ about 1860 the utter prostitution of doorway words and professional clannishness, its pic¬ architecture took place when the tombstone turesque successes and its astounding failures doorway first became prominent. This style would be impossible here. All that can be ot entrance was made by inlaying around the done is to select a few typical doorways for aperture of the doorway a curved moulding consideration, and he it remembered that to¬ of white marble, with a mortuary significance day the doorway is but a small part of the ;so touching that if it was not intentional it [decorative effect of a city dwelling, wher-as should have been. This style of extreme , ugliness appears to havo been most popular m early times it long displayed almost the with the residents of Arch street, as there are only decoration of which the home could I pci haps more tombstono doorways on that boast. street than anywhere else iu Philadelphia. ‘ -For instauce, the doorway of No. 1526 Wal¬ , —It was not until the Centennial year that nut street, an effect in sandstone, is a very any attempt was made to change the styie of ; our house building or decoration in the city good example of the modern picturesque doorway. Even more so are the doorways of proper, although some slight efforts iu that the row of houses on the north side of Spruce direction had already been made in the rural street, which were built recently on the old districts. It is only within the last teu years Savage property, for these houses were built that the really artistic and picturesque door- in one operation, and. the new order of things i ways have become fashionable in this citv if One of the earliest houses constructed in nowhere shows in greater contrast to the old | the old portion of our town that is on a than here. Compare the doorway of 1101 capped with a large bay window and cspeci- DOORWAY OF NO. 1101 SPRUCE STREET. ol which any young famlTyT^wevermodest in its demands for space, must necessarily move with the blessed advent of the second, baby. But to” return to No. 1707 Wal- MR. JOHN C. BULLITT’S DOORWAY, SOUTH nut„„„ __street. Anyone who gives the house TWENTY-THIRD STREET. a more than passing glance must see for him¬ self how thoroughly the architect, working ally attractive, with the doorways opposite in a style which though not too well known (and with the example of the fourth period, is yet familiar, has carried out his ideas. lie to be seen on the same side of the way just has produced a front of great beauty, in which across Quince street. the ornamentation, while extremely rich, The doorway of 1707 Walnut street is con¬ abundant and graceful, remains throughout sidered by architects to be one of the most modest and unobtrusive. This is partly on beautiful and attractive of modern entrances. account ot the soft color of the stone, but the architect’s use of his material is none the less This, by the way, is a case where to speak excellent. Then the dignity of the composi¬ of the doorway alone is to do injustice to the tion, which carries twd very strongly marked architect. This may be said ot almost any features, an niiusually;boid window space in modern house, as the entrance is merely part the second story and p deep loggia in the third, is very striking. The technical means of the general scheme, but it is especially so by which this is accomplished need not bo in the present instance, for the house under entered upon here; but avoiding, and in fact discussion is perhaps the most completely going deeper than technique, it is sufficient successful, within its limitations, in Philadel¬ to say that the value of the whole is due to phia. The problem presented to an architect tlie architect’s power oi conception, and who is given a commission to design a front original propriety of design. The crowning success of the house is the bold and domin¬ for the ordinary city house set in the midst ating roof, neither too heavy nor too light, of a block is a difficult one, and, although and actually adding height while conferring the very exigencies of the task compel an ad¬ strength and weight. herence to certain conventional lines of treatment, the way to success is not to be John C. Builitt’s doorway,1125 South Twen¬ found in the way to a refuge—which, of course, is true of auy artistic problem. Given ty-third street, is au exceedingly bold piece a front of from eighteen to twenty-four feet of architecture. The door proper is of solid and the usual qnota of four stories of height, oak, with a grating of small window panes in the designer’s scope for originality lies in his the upper half. Extending up to the second window’s, doors, bow windows and, most of story and on each side of the door are t«o all, in his roof line. That is to say, it is upon Egyptian pillars supporting a small balcony. the particular features of the general plan that the designer who lacks the power to The upper halves of these pillars are richly create a coherent whole will spend his force, carved, the design being a delicate tracery ot and that is why the modern dwelling house, leaves and vines. Just below the balcony for- all its “picturesque” effect, so often and between it and the doorway proper is a shows distorted and incoherent features— small window, in which it is intended in doors which are too big, too little or too winter time to place growing flowers. ornate for the houses into which they open, With the" old-fashHiked door "has gone th copper bow windows, as bold as brass, bulg¬ old-fashioued doorplate. Nowadays there is ing out of walls too thin aud narrow to carry little call for them, unless for doctors’ or them, andTEe whole stock of ornament, from Egyptian to Pkiladelphianese, flung merci¬ dentists’ signs. The dooiWato was certainly lessly on the scanty facades of dwellings out not ornamental, and in many ways its abol DOORWAY OF NO. 1526 WALNUT.

has again appeared on our front doorwavs

now, however, merely•7 -v..as an \/iornament. uniiicuu DOORWAY OF NO. 1707 WALNUT. E. Leslie Gilliams. | isbruenT is~a good thing, as, among other objections, they gave peddlers and beggars a good cue as to who lived within, so that when ringing tho beli they could ask the servant for the mistress of the house by name and secure an audience with her. Another badge popular thirty or forty years ago, but which is seen but little on our doorways nowadays, is the plate number. In A keepsake more than ordinarily prized most ail the modern, artistic dwellings tho 1 by T.Meredith Maiwellvbf Walter’s Park, number is handsomely carved in the stone Berks County, is a letter written on Janu¬ work either to tho side or above the door. ary 11, 1777, by Major Samuel Meredith, Some people, however, prefer to paint their of Philadelphia, his great-grandfather, numbers on the transom above the entrance who 12 years later was the first Treasurer thus they are visible at night as well as dur¬ of the United States. In his epistle the ing the day to the by-passer. But the plated Major, who was attached to General Cad- number has passed into a state of innocuous walader’s battalion, mentions the state desuetude. of affairs soon after the battle of Prince¬ ton, when Washington had marched to In our forefathers’ days, when the Powel Morristown, N.J., soon after defeating and Morris houses were occupied by their the British. The letter was addressed from Morristown to “Dear Peggy,’’ in original owners, one of the most familiar ar¬ part as follows: “The militia have not ticles in domestic use was the door-knocker. moved at all; their baggage has not yet It was the most primitive and simple manner come up. When it does we shall not risk of summoning the occupant of the bouse, and a general engagement, but try to harass the enemy by small parties, which, we although in very early days it was no doubt are in hopes, will oblige them to quit the of the simplest construction, as time passed Jerseys entirely. If that should be the onward it was fashioned into manv fantastic case, we shall return home, which will and various patterns. When the 1850 archi¬ give me great pleasure, as I want to see tectural period became the style the door¬ my dearest and the little ones. . . If you were to see the scene of action tb mugh knocker was abandoned and the front door- many parts of the Jerseys, it would in¬ bgjjfestablished, but of late years the knocker duce every one to make the scene of ac¬ tion as far distant as possible, and not undergo hardships that no other induce¬ ment but the welfare of their families would admit. . . I pray continually for the welfare of you and the little ones. S.M.” * * It was away back on July 17. 1765, that the first child (of Martha Robinson) was born of a p£or patient in the Pennsylva- W

nia Hospital. An entry in tne manager's services in the Revolutionary war, from minutes shows that the idea of a Lying- 1776 to 1783, to the establishing of a' In and Foundling Hospital had its in¬ foundling hospital. This donation was 1 ception when that poor little stranger refused by the hospital managers, how-1 came into the world. But not until ever, on the ground of its being “fori April 11, 1793, did the Agitation which foundlings,” and that such hospitals then began in behalf of State assistance j were more injurious than beneficial to so¬ to such an institution materialize in a ciety. The City Troop persisted and do¬ Legislative appropriation of $2666.67 for! nated a similar amount of its bank stock, the Foundling Hospital. It was directed “to be applied in such proportions as the that out of this sum there were to be managers might deem rpost expedient to erected, equipped and furnished “one the Lying-In and Foundling Hospital.” building on the west side of their hospi-! And so the benevolent institution finally> tal lot so as to be a wing, for lunatics and came to be. ___ other patients; one other building (the centre house), A? connect the wings for the accommodation of the managers and physicians and for a library, etc. The lying-in department of the Pennsylvania Hospital was not formally established, however, until January 10, 1803. The members of the Philadelphia City Troop had, on March 8, 1792. voted to appropri¬ ate the amount of their nay ($8000) fo !_ . • SOriE OF THE OLD AND SOME Philadel OF THE NEW TOWERS ON OUR CHURCHES

There are many handsome church spires in Philadelphia and some that are of historic interest. Few sounds are more delightful at eventide than the vesper chimes of old Christ Church, on Second street above Market. For over a century these old bells have pealed a merry welcome to Christmas Day and rung the Sunday chimes. In 1754 the tower and steeple of Christ Church were completed and a chime of eight bells placed in position. A year before this, on the 22d day of February, 1753, the vestry of this old church met to bear a report of the committee appointed to consider the ways and means for the purchase of a ring of bells, with the agreement that the money should be raised by lottery. The committee appointed for this pur¬ pose was successful, as the vestry pur¬ chased a bill of exchange at 450 pounds sterling to be employed in procuring a ring of eight bells, the tenor to weigh 10,800 pounds and the rest in propor¬ tion. The bells were cast by Lester & Peck, at their celebrated Whitechapel foundry in London. They were brought to Philadelphia by Captain Budden, who charged no freight on them, and, there¬ fore, whenever his good ship Myrtill arrived in port the bells rang QuTl merry peal of welcome. The man who accompanied the bells to this country to hang them was an expert, but he^re¬ fused all compensation tor the wotK* only requesting as a reward that the bells should be muffled at bis death. This agreement was consented to and carried out by the vestry, not only at the workman’s death, but at that oi his wile also. CHRIST CHURCH. On the apnroach of the British army these bells were taken down and hidden I years before. The treble Sell was * !shipped with It to enable the founder to give the new bell the proper tone. Through efforts made by London agents, the import and export duties on these bells were taken off by the govern- iment, and the whole expense of taking Idown,.recasting aud rehanging the bells .amounted to but $375. This bell is in¬ scribed as follows: “Christ Church, re- Icast at the Whitechapel Foundry by (Thomas Moore, 1835.” | As an architectural representative of ithe church style of building whioh ap¬ peared in London after the great fire jthe steeple of Christ Church is especially .interesting. One feature about the spire of old , . Christ Church which is not generally1 (noticed is the fact that surmounting the weather vane is a bishop’s mitre, instead

lUTXOSUl OH.UBOH, B&O.JJJ A3tO jLSQB,

by the commissary of military stores at . I Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, but after the British troops evacuated the city they yjlESBYTKHIAN TABERNAOL*. were brought back and replaced. Dur- of what is nowadays almost always placed ing the winter of 1834-35 the largest, a over Episcopal churches—a cross. This *. tenor bell, fell from its hangings and mitre was erected with the steeple, and I was broken; it was sent to be recast at j has always been kept in place according '■ Ithe same foundry in London where it | to the desire of the first American r was originally made more than eighty Hr ' "flBHP HL "Hi •nkr bishop, who oftSh “jSresraea ac utmgt Chureh, and protested against all ritual¬ istic innovations; THE ODD SWEDES’. When first built there was no steeple to “Gloria Dei,” or Old Swedes’ Church, now standing on Swanson street below Christian. Shortly alter the bell was procured, however, the cunola was! erected on the low tower. The present bell in the cupola bears the following- inscription: . Cast for the Swedish Church of Philadel- phia, styled Gloria Dei, principally from 1808 bell dated. 1648 G. Hedderly, ITecit,

I to the church the living call And to the grave do summon all. The tower of Old Swedes’ Church is not attractive because of its loitiness, but interesting beoause being a part of the old church, which is a historical and sacred relic of colonial days and of the time when our town was known as a neat little village. It is one hundred and ninety odd years since Old Swedes’1 was dedicated, and there, within the shade of the old steeple as far back as two hundred years, the quiet and moss- grown cemetery received for their last quiet rest the pioneers of our colony who landed with Priutz and listened to the preaching of Campanius and helped to consecrate the blockhouse near which William Penn landed. Ah! if these homely toilers could re¬ turn and glance from the elevation of their steeple at the Philadelphia of 1892 with what surprise would they behold its vast dimensions and developments.

AECH STREET METHODIST. Turning from the steeples of yesterday to those oi to-day, there is none more attractive than the lofty white marble! steeple of the Arch Street M. E. Church Broad ana Arch streets. This church was built in 1862, and is a fine specimen or imposing and artistic church arc hi- tecture, the spire being gracefully pro¬ portioned and attractively adorned. A most picturesque steeple, and repre- i senting the latest fashion in this style! of church architecture, is that of the .tabernaclePresbyterian Church. Thirty- BODEF SHALOM. seventh and Chestnut streets. This is conSreSation with a history, as: many years the pastor of the Tabernacle the Tabernacle Church was formed bv Church has been the Rev. Henry C. McCook. the union of the Sixth and Seventh Pi esbytenan Churches under one organi- 8T. MARK’S. zation under the present name early in In the heart of the fashionable quarter this century. After various vicissitudes of our city the steeple of St. Mark’s and the occupation of diflerent churches Church, on Locust street west of Six¬ the congregation moved to a new teenth, rises conspicuously from the church at Broad street and Penn Square western end of the church many feet I on the 31st of December, 1842. heavenward. St. Mark’s is in some re¬ -rJh!3 cji,uIck building- was erected by spects one of the finest churches in this Mr. A, D, Caldwell. la im the entire city. It is built of brown stone, and is property was sold to John I. Betz. On 1 of pure Gothic architecture. The church the 29th of June, of that year, the last was started half a century ago by sev¬ service was held in that church and tbe eral rich and prosperous Episcopalians, building at the close of the sermon de¬ one of whom was the father of Judge clared to be set apart from its religious Reed, who wanted a church west of purposes to secular uses. Possession of Broad street. That the church might be the property was delivered to the pur¬ properly designed and correct as to chaser July 1,1884. When the old church symbols, it was ‘ patterned after the property was sold to Mr. Betz, the con¬ standard of English church architect- gregation moved to their present new| are, plans of a ruined church on the home in which edifice they have been outskirts of Cambridge being secured, worshipping for several years. For and St. Mark’s was built exactly like this original. The corner-stone was laid oil the 25th of April, 1848, and the church finished and consecrated on May- 21, 1849. Daily prayers have been said in this church ever since its erection, and its surpliced choir and numerous

HOLT TRINITY. celebrations form an attractive feature to many persons of ritualistic tenden¬ cies. Topping the superb Gothic spire of this church is a brass rooster, perhaps the only one in the city. This rooster is not a weather vane, as is often supposed, • as it is absolutely stationary and faces always toward the east, looking toward the resurrection and second coming of our Lord. To have made it a weather vane would have destroyed its whole significance and robbed it of all its value as a religieus symbol. This ceck XORXH BlQAtt 0VASXZ typifies a call to repentance, and is supposed to represent the cock that figuratively speaking, fothat portion of crowed when Peter denied Christ. Thus the world which is denying Christ dailv, it is believed by the clergy at St. Mark’s hourly and at every moment. It "is that by placing it on the spire, where it propably the oldest of ch urcb sym bols can be seen in many places for miles, it for architectural use, as in olden times may be construed as a perpetual call, every church had one. These old ------*•- - churches had a cock on the steeple and 90

a cross on the porch over the entrance to the church. The idea was to sound a call to the world from the church spire for repentance, and then enter the church by passing: under the cross. The chimes that hang in the steeple ot this church under the gilded cock are particularly sweet, clear-toned and penetrating, as they can be heard ovei?| great stretches of the city territory HOLY TRINITY. Another strikingly handsome and gracetully proportioned steeple is that! of Holy Trinity Church, which is situ-1 ated at the corner of Nineteenth and Walnut streets. In many repects the men who pass through the entrance under the steeple of Holy Trinity are

OLD CHRIST CHL'RCH,

the most prominent and influential ini Philadelphia. This church was erected! just when the western part ot Walnut, ) Spruce and the neigh boring streets began j to build up with fine residences. It has) always had a large congregation, com-| prising many of the most prominent! laity in the city. The church was built in 1858, and in 1883 received some con-' ■ siderable improvements. Not long a a line chime of bells was placed ' tower, being the gift of Mr. Jose 'Temple. ■£$}. jar f-nf/ ^MPfCilnen,: of Moorish architec- ture noUiing is finer than the dome or i. [PREPARED FOR THE PUBLIC LEDGER,] Shalom Synagogue,i2b tBet higb Broad’ of andthe MountRodef There ran be little doubt that, compara¬ tively speaking, Philadelphia has a larger Rodef°%hStlr0et3- The «on8-regation of Rodef Shalom, which is of German cumber of churches than any other city, | origin, and the second of the Heiuew and It is a well-known tact not to be dis¬ puted that the religious character ol tue persuasion formed in this city, is sum pose4_to have' been organized in 1800 people, their devo Ion and ibelr attendance on the servloes of the Church, tar exceeds ilornf pJaCe °f meetinR Was the corn that of any other city. Philadelphia Is In lRn9 thIgareUa Str6et aDd CahJe '“9. noted lor the large number of her Sunday ?onsregation applied to the schools and Suuday-scbool scholars, ifctfirl I?1r Permission to establish a being In that respect far ahead ot other the purpose erecting the lottery for of cities, and it Is in the Sunday school ’ direcfimi— lD 1S21Jheir eflorts in this jtbat the children are trained to lead |good and useful lives. The religious The c0ngregationn®hirmSUinapCpe^l character of the people ot the City of ThfihooPU0 1Cl asking for contributions. Brotnerly Love may beattrlbuted toa uum- The coiner stone for their present svna ; her of causes, one of the principal, proba¬ gogue was laid July 20 M IK bly, being the large Quaker element. An¬ building dedicated September 12, 1870. other reason may be the fact that Philadel- iphla is emphatically the city of homes, and NORTH BROAD PRESBYTERIAN. , there Is every incentive for the encourage¬ Adjoining the synagogue on the ment oi the domestic relation. Taverns aud North1Ttf and Green streets is the places oi amusement are not kept open on iSoith Bioad Street Presbyterian Church Sunday, ns Is the casein so many Western whose beautiful spire rises many feet cities, and those who might be Inclined to fre¬ heavenward. The congregation of this quent them are thus led to placesoi worship. church was organized on Marcii 9, I860 It Is becoming every year more and mote -dat- worshipping for some time in rare tor churches to be closed during the Broadway Hall and subsequently in summer. When repairs are being made in Commissioners’ Hall, corner of Thir¬ one portion of the building services are held teenth and Spring Garden streets, the lu another part oi tUe same. (Board of Trustees were authorized to It is oiteu said to the discredit of Philadel¬ Iff .with the construction of a phia that we have no very distinguished church edifice on the corner of Broad [ preachers and no very distinguished and Gieen streets. On that vacant lot a cnurches, while the fact is that the average church In Philadelphia is large and distin¬ Anrnni9ft9S gatl).ered on the 14th of April, 1862, and after many trials, inci- ! guished, and, on the other baud, the average church lu other large cities is weak and de¬ 1° SU,Ch an undertaking by a few 1 individuals and greatly increased by the clining. This Is simply saying that the ^vai times, the building was finished church life of Philadelphia corresponds with the general business and social life and on the 21st of October, 1864, was which is of a widespread prosperity dedicated. The entire cost of the church and of universal homes. There are wMeh® wnClUdlng the ckurch and sPi>'e 800 churches in Philadelphia which any kJj oa Wa8 susequently erected,was $81,- minister might be proud to preside 8*7.00, ft bBBULa ’ over, and in which any member might find a happy, religious home ; In ( '3 ~l 7- , other large cities these hundreds must be reduced to scores. Another peculiarity of church life in Philadelphia is that, while I loyal to Its own denomination, it is devoid oi sectarianism; the original spirit oi Wil¬ liam Penn has rendered bigotry, narrow¬ ness and sectarian Jealousy lmpossiole in the City of Brotherly Love. There is no city in the world where the average chnrch member Is so generally ldentided with some philanthropic and benevolent Institution or PHILADELPHIA ClDfiCHES object. A man or woman in any church in Philadelphia who has not some pet scheme of charity, some orphanage, or THE BANNER CITY OF AMERICA FOR home, or refuge or asylum to which he or RELIGIOUS OBSERVANCE. she devotes time, thought, or money, Is a rare exception. Or the tiOO churches in Philadelphia there are 100 connected with denominations that LIBERAL BENEVOLENT CONTRIBUTIONS iavor Christian Endeavor. In these —-- churches there are 232 Christian Endeavor Societies, aud of this number 215 have TEE LEAD IN THE NUMBER OF SUN¬ joined me . There are, lu addition, 67 Junior societies. Tue sol DAY-SCHOOL SCHOLARS. ctelies number about 18,000 members. , The Christian Endeavor movement was inaugurated over eleven years ago, and THE CHRISTIAN ENDEAYOS MOVEMENT the first society was started in this city in tUe Gaston Presbyterian CUurch about eight years ago. The Philadelphia Union, Which was organized April 9, 1888, with 15 A LARGE ATTENDANCE AT THE DIFFER¬ societies, is the largest local union in the world. Its growth has been so rapid as to ENT HOUSES OF WORSHIP. necessitate its division into the branches known as Germantown, Northeast, North¬ west and West Philadelphia. The local « , laymen were permitted to be seated as a union Holds three meetings each year, and! body separately from the ministry. This the Executive Committee, composed of the; was due to the Hon. John Field and Dr. presidents and secretaries ol the dlflerent John E. James, representatives ol the Phil¬ societies, meets monthly. These meetings! adelphia Laymen’s Association. The Phil¬ have an average attendance of 500. adelphia couterence was the first conterence One of the interesting features of religions of ministers on this contiueat; it was held work in Philadelphia, which is equalled in lu St. George’s Churcn In 1773, and was very few cities in the United Slates, is the composed ofsix ministers. It was here that Union Teachers’ Study ol the International the great Methodist Book concern origin¬ Sunday-school Lessons in Association Hall. ated. its first agent being the Rev. John These were started originally under the Diokins, ol mis city. leadership of the Rev. Hr. Arthur T. Pier¬ Here originated the first missionary socie¬ son and became at once a recognized suc¬ ty, and the Church Extension Society was cess. After the departure of Hr. Pierson in founded and still has its headquarters In the spring of 1889 it was feared that it this city. It now ranks with the Missionary would be almost impossible to secure any Society In the great work being accom¬ one who could maintain the same plished In Its name. The Methodists have degree of interest. The Rev. James A. j a successlul home for the aged, and an Worden, H. H., Superintendent of the Sab- orphanage. The hospital which was re¬ bath-school work of the Presbyterian cently established is receiving many con¬ Church, wbe selected to take Dr. Pierson’s tributions for the prosecution of its work. place. His fitness for the position was The Methodist Historical Society was the manifest from toe start, and this Bible second organized in the history of the class of V00 superintendents and teach¬ Church, and is antedated only by the one j ers has fully maintained its popularity. in Baltimore. Sunday-school workers, not only from The Tract Depository carries on its work this city but from the surround- as a distinct institution, responsible only to lug towns, go every Saturday afternoon tOi the Philadelphia Conference. The camp Association Hall to obtain aid in prepara¬ meetings at Chester Heights and Simpson tion tor their Sabbath work. In response Grove originated in this cily, and also the to an urgent appeal, Dr. Worden has con¬ Board of Sustentation, which has already sented to take charge of this work tor an¬ done a great work In assisting growing and other season, and the class will be resumed needy communities in the support of the In Association Hall on Saturday afternoon, ministry, it is a society composed of lay¬ October 22, at 4 o’clock. men, with the exception oi the Presiding The Methodist Episcopal Church. Elders. The Philadelphia Conference Is one Philadelphia has a larger number of of the few that is incorporated. It annually Methodists than any other city. Chicago is elects a Board of Trustees, which meets in i coming up in numerical strength, but in Philadelphia. that city they have had tor several years a The Baptists. business block whicn yields a large income There are more Baptist churches In Phila¬ for church extension purposes. There are delphia than, in any other city, and the witblu the bouuds of the Philadelphia Con¬ Philadelphia Conference ol Baptist Minis¬ ference 359 churches. lu Philadelphia there ters is the largest in the world. Within the are 95 churches, the largest number of any city limits are 76 Baptist churches, with a city in the world. The membership of the membership of about 25,000. The following Philadelphia churches is about 30,000. Ini churcUes are arhong those having the largest New York the people are either very rich orl membership: Grace, Gethsemaue, Fourth, very poor, and the Methodists, who repre¬ Fifth, Olivet, Mantua, First West Phlla- sent the middle classes, have, as a de.phia, Berean, Centennial, East, Snyder general thing, gone to the surround¬ Avenue and Spruce Street. The East is the ing towns. No Methodist church banner church in attendance, it being the ln=Phlladelphta has beed closed during the) largest in proportion to the membership. summer. In this city the Methodists have; The different District Secretaries are lo¬ held a little more strictly to the traditions! cated in Pbllade.phla, and the headquarters of the MetUodisl Episcopal Church than in of the Amerlcau Baptist Publication So¬ anyotDer city. The long established ecus-; ciety are iu this city. The Publication So¬ toms nave been tenaciously held. There isj ciety owns a magnificent bull ling, and tbe less license here on the Sabbath day, and work carried on in Its business and mis¬ the Methodists are remarkable lor their sionary departments has been successiul church going and home loving traits. The financially. Tbe missionaries are supported Churches have malulatned their hold on by contributions of tbe churches. A chapel! the young people. The Sunday schools are car given to the society a year ago is work¬ all crowded, and many have been com- i ing out West attached to a train, and a sec¬ pelled to enlarge their rooms. The Ken¬ ond car Is provided for. Tbe bulk ol the sington Church has organized a Senior De¬ money contributed by the State to tbe Mis¬ partment in Young Men’s Hall to make sionary Union comes from Philadelphia. room for the younger people in the lecture The Philadelphia Baptist City Mission, room. The attendance at the churches is organized 13 years ago, Is doing a good work so large that many Pastors have remained at in the establishment of missions in different I borne during the summer to take care of sections of the city, some ol wblch nave al- | their congregations. Tabernacle, Park Ave¬ ready become prosperous churches. Its i nue, Memorial,Summerfleld, Siloam, Ken¬ success is, In a great measure, due to the sington, Wnarton Street, Scott, Seventh earnest efforts of its first President, Colonel! Street, Christian Street, Eighteenth Street, C. H. Banes. The City Mission loans money j ! Cumberland Street, Union and Cook- and pays a portion ol tbe salary Oi mission- j j man Churches are all well attended, ary Pastors. The total receipts last year, ' Methodism in this city has always ranked as shown by the Treasurer’s report, were first in contributions lo the missionary $24,458 38. cause, church extension, freedmen’s aid, The Baptist Home, established 22 years the worn-out preachers’ fund, orphanage, ago, and the Orphanage, 13 years old, are hospital and suslentatlon. It is due both flourishing institutions. There are to the Influence of Philadelphia Woman’s Home and Foreign Mis^iohary Methodism that lay representation was Boards who supply money and clothing to secured In the General Conference missiomiricB. A training school wlil.prob- and that at the recent General Conference , ably t>« established la the near fatal* an 8imllar lines to the one In' Chicago, for the siioany.. training of persons iri active Christian worn. kt. Paul.S3 72 8,883 An important educational work is carried Detroit. 45 *. rttf 42 on at tue Temple Oyihe Rev. Russell H Baltimore. 53 8,666 55 Con well, ana the Rov. C. H. Wooiston has Buffalo. 6g 8,603 44 8,603 a Lay Preachers’ College to fit youn^ men Elizabeth...’ 43 32 I lor lay preaching. The latter Is endeavor¬ ! Allegheny.42 8,678 42 7,912 ing during the summer months to reach ! Cleveland.. " 4/1 28 7,841 the poor through the meelings held at North lyroy.:::::::: % 42 8,051 | Cramer Hill. At the Olivet Church there Is Jersey Gliy.. 30 anight class, vvilh a gymnasium and read¬ 81. Louis. 63 6,118 52 6,907 ing room, and the Filth Cuurch will prob¬ 8 35 29 an Francisco. 29 „ ably sturt an industrial school this amuii.u. 2.650 The Gethsemane Cuurch has organized" olTthe°rtitrrPreShylerle8 embr8ce the whole and carries on a beneficial association, and ; 5 . leh#01 ihelr names- and extend be! delDhia cov°Un .°f tbecllies- while Phila- |tbe Rev. J. K. Dixon has a Mothers’ Aid elphia covers only a part of the city Phil | Society at the First Baptist Church, West .Philadelphia. The Superintendeui’s Asso¬ thetue city,city8 uandrnT so increaslugPresbylery thebe| ecityg partly figures In ciation, of which Mr. YV. H. Tumbleston is President, meets monthly lu the different lo wered. r Presbyterles tb® city figures are churches; it was organized for mutual help and suggestion. The Young People’s Union iadMohf^Th PresbyterIes embraced In Pbll- “«Xla tbere are 180 Sunday schools, 4187 Is doing valuable work iu visiting weaker officers and teachers and 82,217 Sunday jehurches, and giving them aid and assist- m m scholars, a total or 36,404. There are jaDC?! rt1,0 “-National Baptist,” edited by and th« “eS 1U tue libraries of ttie schools, ar‘ H‘ h' Wal’la“'l, Isoneoihie and the sum of $45,000 was raised In |oldest and most substanlial papers ol the one year for benevolent objects. Among | denomination, and has a large subscription these seboois are some of tbe best known YVnworld, such as Bethany, Hollond I At the last annual meeting of the Phila- Walnut Street, Bethlehem and Olivet. Tne I deiphia Baptist Assort aion the committee |appointed the preceding year io consider !fhe seL^T18 iD 1JblladelPfiia maintain I T„i, 1 lar»est teachers- class In tne ( the matter of a Baptist Hospital reported ie States, in the Presbytery of Phila- that they deemed it Inadvisable to push the matter any further, and saw no reason to Ischolarsfecuoiars, Tn*and In.“l New 35- 000York ^day-s^oo! 24 H2K expect success In the attempt to establish a Presbyterian Church, It ls stat’ed keen! distinctively Baptist Hospital, as the general j growing ahead oi other churches, it is far j sentiment of the denomination seems to be more ahead, not only absolutely but nro- that such an institution- is not needed. The Y°r“il,lately- Xne contributions’ of New committee was continued, wlih power to York are ahead of those of Philadelphia be. act. rue Baptist Hospital was organized on cause there is greater wealth in thftbnne" September 23d by the election oi Mr.Samuel |city. Last year ihe Churbh in Philadelphia A. Urozer, President; the Rev. Dr. Geor-e “ a,total amount of $700,000; lor congre¬ Dana Boardman, VIce President; Charles H gational expenses, $418,000. The amount Banes, Treasurer, and B. F. Dennisson Seel rQlsry, * raised in New York for congregational ex¬ penses was $524,000. sanouai ex The Presbyterians. Tne Presbyterians have In this city a Philadelphia Is tne sironghold of Presby¬ home for the aged and infirm, an orphan- terianism, and, while New York la 60 tier cent, larger In population, the cuurch taT’an r6 ‘i°r *Se at the reunion, the Board reported the net value of its Issues during eminence by gathering into them the life of theyear, $114,763 84, and the total number many smaller ones. 001 There are In the Presbytery of Pbiladp] ot copies oi books and tracts issued by the Board since its organization, 15,i32,738. Tne phla 73 churches, and in that of Phiudell report presented to the Assembly of 1892 phla North 33 churches, a total of 96. The total membership Is about 35,000. The'num- ?urlng the year the Board dis- ber oi Philadelphia ch urefces In the different nertnd! y 17’m’m P^gcs Of tracts and branches ol Presbyterianism Is HO. cm“ » 3;itra°re tbun 7«.0TO volumes of Christian literature, and closed the vear The tollowing statistical tables give the wilh a balance of $42,532 86. The Publication figures concerning tne large city Presby- teriss• P.pbS®’ Chestnut street, was com¬ pleted and opened November 20. 1872 The Presbyteries. Ministers. Church^cTn?!' BH0t«fitheaUildlng abd lts furniture was $149,356, and within less than five years iromirom. New York.102 55 ^*b movedmPieti0n aU lnoumbrance was* ' ' Brooklyn.. 54 tt-fl ^lc^°.*.122 as le&S P,Usb«rS. 83 67 16 666 oiucianai1..— es 6i ijjj 94 '

Iu 1785 Morris moved from Front street, \pjtfL cryi. 'i~ & below Dock, to a house on Market, below Sixth, on the lot where stood the ruins of the ! (far* old Penn house, that was burned in 1780. Here ho began to live up to liis reputed means, imported costly furniture and enter¬ ,{ ' a y^£- r t 3 l'f *2- tained magnificently, although at that time he was practically insolvent. In 1795 he bought from the Norris family the lot of ground on the south side of Chestnut street, fthe stohI of a house extending from Eighth street 3461 feet east, south on Eighth street to Walnut, 510 feet; the Vicissitudes of no. 733 sansoi thence along Walnut to Seventh. 396 feet, taking in the whole square except the lot 1 STREET. where the Press building now stands, which was 49t feet on Chestnut and 250 on Seventh street. This had been previously transferred to BUILT BY SANSOM HIMSELF the Fairman family, who owned the ground at Shaxamaxon on which stands the Penn treaty Various Tenants of the Old Residence Now monument—the Norris lot was fifteen feet Occupied by “ The Times” Editorial Staff. above the present level and was used as a j pasture field. On this ground Morris began Captain Bonllot, His Seafaring Friends to build a house that was so hideous in ap¬ pearance that it might well have been the and His Lovely Daughter. work of a modern architect. It was almost an octagon in shape, built of brick, with pale " blue trimmings. His architect was Major A history of No. 733 Sansom street, which L’Eufant, who laid out Washington City. No will he occupied for only a short time pcnl-up Utica contracted his plans and he longer by the editorial and repnrtorial had no idea of mere money consideration. staff of Tee Times, and some account of the Morris, after paying £10,000 sterling for Street will, of course, so back to former own¬ the lot, spent $16,369 before the walls ers of the ground before the block from were well up and at this time his notes were being offered at twenty cents on the dollar. Chestnut to Walnut and from Seventh to Eighth was divided by the cutting through In fact he was ruined and he brought I of Sansom street. The most notable among down with him many of his old revolutionary them was Robert Morris. associates. Thomas Fitzsimmons, the Con¬ The financial history of the American gressman who lived where Green s Hotel | Revolution is the story of Robert Morris now stands, was ruined. Alexander Hamil¬ life and Washington, who was chary of ton was a heavy loser. Morris gave up praise, always admitted that without his everything, but his old Quaker rivals kept I active aid and personal credit neither the after him, and he was finally arrested at the victories of Trenton or Yorktown would suit of the Bank of Pennsylvania, and in 1798 | have been won. As long as the war lasted went to prison, where he stayed three years Morris was in his element. At the close of six months and ten days. The popular be¬ the war he regarded himself as rich beyom lief is that the government should have come the dreams of avarice and he saw in toe to his relief, but the fact was that instead of future an Eldorado. With peace our ports the government being in his debt, Morris would be open to emigrants who would flock owed the government $200,000 for some of his land purchases. hither as to a Land of Caanau. so Morris in On the 11th of December, 1797, John Baker. connection with John Nicholson, who had Sheriff of Philadelphia, sold Morris’ Folly been Comptroller of this State from 1792 to and the land, under execution, and William 1791. bought 6.000.000 acres of land on credit Sansom bought it for $26,600, subject to a I located from Louisiana to Connecticut. No $20,000 mortgage held by Willmick & Co., ot care seems to have been exercised in selec¬ Amsterdam. tion and there are tracts in this State that Mr. Sansom was a Quaker merchant, much would not bring now wbat they gave tor it respected here, and au active, enterprising then. business man, who did much to improve the Morris, when in Congress, worked strenu¬ city. He was the first to build uniform rows ously to have the capital fixed permanently of houses, but he broke the monotonous char¬ at Philadelphia, and but for the ill-will of acter of his buildings by changing the style in certain Southern members would have suc¬ each square. , _ , ceeded. He had, no doubt, refused to lend He projected and finished York row in them money, and when the present site was 1810, still standing on the south side of Wal¬ chosen speculation ran rampant in lots. nut, from Washington Square to Eighth Morris and Nicholson bought 7,000 at a cost street; Palmyra row, on Race, above Tenth, of $80 each, and could have made a fortune and the houses on the north side of Race, by the advance, but the boom shrank so that from Chester to Eighth street, and many ju 1803 a member of Congress declared in de- others on Second street, but the work with bate that in 1802 he paid $400 for a lot that which his name is connected is in the street was subsequently sold for a tax ot ninety-six called after him, Sansom, from Seventh to cents and ouly brought sixty-four. Eighth. These houses were begun in 1800 and half [ The late James H. Young told the writer completed when they were destroyed by fire. that when he was a boy it was generally be¬ They were afterwards rebuilt, but Sansom street does not appear in the directories until lieved by the juveniles of the locality that 1804. The houses were regarded as too good ithe inmates of No. 31 were all pirates, and for the location and rented for $200 per the windows on the second-floor front were annum, and were objected to as lonesome and i always open despite the weather. It is in too far from the business end of town. West this noble old room, far more stately and im¬ ot Sixth the streets were not oaved and in pressive in its massive simplicity than any wet weather were mere mud holes. From Seventh to Sixth was known as Little modern upholstering or garish ornamentation George and above Eighth George street, could make it, that the general editorial while the alley between Sansom and Chest¬ work of The Times is done. Here, eighty nut street was first Morris and then Stable years ago, were assembled rugged, bronzed alley. One of the first residents of Sansom shipmasters whose keels had divided the street at the northeast corner of Seventh was waters of unknown seas, who had braved the .Tames Greenleaf who was associated with Morris and Nicholson in land speculations, j dangers ot the pirate-haunted shores ot the and they denounced Greenleaf as a traitor, I Gulf and the stormy coasts of Labrador. who had done much to bring about their I Miss Rebecca Lawrence and her neighbors ruin. Certainly Greenleaf came out rich and I had their revenge on the old captain died in Washington in 1845. eventually. He was a widower, with one Samuel Moore, M. D„ lived next door and [daughter and after the manner of his kind, lectured on magnetism, mesmerism, etc., had so overeducated that young lady that while George Booth was a ladies’ preceptor when she came home from her English hoard¬ and lived in good style. Curtis Clay, broker, ing school she found the Sansom street home occupied No. 9, and was subsequently ruined and its surroundings most uncongenial, and by underwriting or insuring the ship Levant, listened approvingly to the pleadings of which was taken oil the Capes of Delaware young James Navet that they should run I by the British frigate Hussar in 1814. The away and get married. The young man was numbers commenced at Seventh street, and a Frenchman and clerk for Louis Clapier, and the building occupied at present by The in every way meritorious, but Boullot was Times staff was No. 31. inexorable, and watched his daughter day and night, thereby ensuring the event he Its first tenant was one of the Sims fam- wished to hinder. : ily, and it next had a far more interesting But love laughs at parents and locksmiths. occupant. Captain Boullot was an English¬ Miss Emma procured a rope ladder, and her man and a daring sailor, one of the first to lover was below' to assist. Half way down exploit the pepper trade on the cost of Su¬ the girl lost heart, and screamed, and in a matra, and made a fortune thereby; he was moment the captain and his black servant now agent for several English Mercantile were on the spot; Monsieur Navet was houses and had been the plaintiff in many banged, battered, cuffed and kicked, before he suits against Robert Morris on account, of got away, and the daughter was taken care of. London firms, but the captain was a thorn in the side of his neighbors, as the street had Next morning the captain and his black man, grown eminently genteel, and in 1810 the Jeff, were brought before the Mayor for an rents were raised to $275 per annum. Nearly atrocious assault upon James Navet. Much all the residents were Quakers and the, cap¬ time was consumed by the lawyers, when tain’s entertainments were a malediction to suddenly Mr. Navet, after reading a little them, three-cornered note, declared that he wished The first visit an English captain paid on to withdraw the suit, and so it ended. arriving in port was to old Boullot’s and the Boullot went home to find Miss Emma staple tipple was Jamaica punch, a very gone. The arrest was a ruse to get him out /heady compound, especially when the water of the house. Next day he received the an¬ was omitted, and when a lot of Ihe ancient nouncement of the wedding and at once re¬ mariners were assembled the sounds that joiced the souls of his neighbors by closing came from the open windows were unearthly. the house, but he eventually relented. Boul¬ First, there was the squeak of a fiddle, lot died an old man in Bristol, England, sometimes two; then a trampling like the where the Navets still reside. rush of a drove of Texas rattle, while shouts of “ Bowse up your jib, captain,” “Shake out About 1828 a Frenchman from New Or¬ a reef and keep her full ami by, Jintmy,” leans named Bernard Desmarets became appalled the ears of the respectability of the tenant of No. 31. He was a chemist and neighborhood. charlatan much patronized by the late Henry Miss Rebecca Lawrence, who lived next Sybertand his little following of Mystics door, and is designated in the directory of that time as “ gentlewoman,” at last made and Rosecrucians. One morning the street formal complaint to Robert Wharton, Mayor was alarmed by an explosion from the base¬ oi' the city. Now Robert—popularly known ment of No. 31, and Mr. Desmarets with “as Bobby—knew oid Boullot well, and had much band waving explained that he was on I no doubt drunk gallons of punch with him, the eve of a great discovery when his retort so he rather pooh-noohed the complaint, and, blew up. But this did not reassure the feeling facetious, ic being after dinner, said : neighbors, and the landlord got rid of the a, “Why. Miss Becky, old Boullot is a wid¬ | chemist. ower. Why don’t thee make op to him? Desmarets bad two daughters, both beauti¬ That would settle tbo matter. Hey?” ful ; the elder, Julia, was not only surpass¬ And the ancient gentlewoman spoke from ingly lovely, but of brilliant parts. Fot her heart as she replied : years she was pre-eminent among the daugh¬ f “Robert Wharton, thee is an old fool." ters of folly for her extravagance and success. And so she departed Her life was circumstantially told in The , Times for February 12, 1891. The decadence of the old mansion came when it became the principal gambling bouse in tbe Quaker City, Mr. James Kelley being the proprietor. Kelley, like many of his kind, was not hnkindly in disposition. I . c^as, On one occasion a countryman from near Parkesburg, Chester county,-strayed into the | ' , l/’YCrtT( - place, and he suffered from a common bay- seed infirmity—over-confidence, and a belief that he could learn them city fellows a thing PfllLADELPffll CHULCHES or two. He duly sat down to a game of poker, and as trade was dull it was resolved to have some THE RELIGIOUS CHARACTER OF THE fun with Jonah. There was a show of hands PEOPLE OF THIS CITY. and the farmer had four nines, and he was blandly informed that this being the 8th day The Boman Catholics, Episcopalians, of the month, that nines were not in season. Lutherans, Hebrews, Reformed Episco¬ In about ttoo minutes there was a cyclone in palians, Unitarians and Universalists. the room. Abe Kirkbaum, the dealer, found himself at the bottom of the first flight of stairs and the building was being wrecked. Kelley came Id, pistol in hand, and asked II. about the row. Stuttering with fury, Turnips [PRSPASED FOR THE PUBLIC LEDGER.] A. high religious standard has been at¬ told his tale.” tained Dy the Roman Catholic Church iu “What was in the pot?” Kelley asked. this city, and one oi the ways in which this One of his men replied : Is evinced is the proinptand libera! response "Only $12.00. to appeals iu cases of calamities. The phil¬ “Thank God. If it had been a hundred anthropic spirit of the members of that he wouldn’t have left the building. Pay him Church shows a religions basis aud the same and let him go. There will be some high is also exhibited with regard to church col¬ priced position vacant here to-morrow.” lections. Their public charity collections And so the farmer departed. exceed those of any other city, in some cases being nearly one half those of the One of Kelley’s hangers-on was a little red- Whole United States. The collection for the haired man quite deformed, one shoulder education of priests surpasses that of any being higher than the other. A more forlorn- diocese, and until recently was double that of New York. Those who come looking mortal could not he found. He to this city in behalt of any religious work came from a first-rate New York family, but are struck by Use great charity of the peo¬ had been ruined by gambling. By some be ple. The attendance at mass on Sundays, was regarded as a mascot, while others had and the reception of the sacraments show that the people are more religious and prac¬ an opinion directly opposite. His best friend tical than iu other dioceses. The attend¬ was a very talented negro minstrel who fre¬ ance here is remarkable, not only on Sun¬ quented the place, and every Monday morn¬ days, but during week days. The churches ing Stump—the little man—took the gam¬ are always crowded at the Leu- bler’s watch to the pawnbroker’s and got ten season. A large number of persons attend mass aud receive communion daily. money, and this was used to open the game The churches are invariably crowded on with. Such are the means by which players Saturday nights and on Sundays, with the seek to enchain fickle fortune. exception probably of St. Joseph’s, St. Stump’s future was curious. Ho went to Mary’s, St. John’s and Holy Trinity, which are located in the business section of the New York in 1868, and while hanging around city. There are about 80 Roman Catholic Wes Allen’s place was given $100 by some churches within the city limits, manyT of||!j player who thought the little man had them.being handsome, commodious edifices brought him luck. Twenty dollars of this of the most ornate style of architecture. was at once invested in the Havana Lottery, A prominent Friest ot this city states that ; and Stump vindicated iris reputation by win¬ a mistake is never made in starting a new ning $26,000. For a time he lived prudently, church, and that whenever a new parish is but in tbe summer of 1869 went, into stocks, organized the attendance justifies the tak¬ and was caught in the smash that came with ing of such a step. He considered that Black Friday. He wrote a few lines, giving among the causes for the religious charac¬ his real name—Rhinelander—and telling of ter ot the Roman Catholics was the fact that his misfortune, and then jumped off the Long this is an old weli-setlied city—a city of Island City ferryboat. homes, and iu tbe beginning it was blessed With the death of Kelley in 1865 the “ Pal¬ with great ecclesiastics, who laid deep ace of the Four Kings” reverted to purely in the hearts of, the people the commercial purposes. Jounaatlons of religion. This is evident P. D. Haywood. xrom the fact that the legislation was so comprehensive and far-seeing that nothing was added to it in 86 years. A great deal is due to the Quaker element iu the beginning and a spirit of justice and peace. Bishop Keurick was ahead ol anyone in the coun¬ try ; he saw that institutions should be pro¬ vided for, and then the priesthood. Bishop Keurick was noted for his great ability, foresight and piety. That there have been no ecclesiastical disputes in the at many of the churches, among which diocese is due to the tact that may be mentioned St. Luke’s, st. Mark’s, all the clergy are educated iu me 'Advent, St, Matthew’s and Messiah. St. Theological Seminary at Overbrook, which John’s Church. Race street, below Sixth, is the pioneer and the best appointed semi¬ was erected iu 1806, and has had only three nary in the country: For a time they had Pastors, viz. : The.,Rev. Dr. Meyer, the Rev, in New York a Provincial Seminary, and ) Dr. Seiss and the present incumbent, the -now they have a DloOesan one. Tue aliend- Rev. E. E. Sibole. It is the oldest English jiknce ut church Is larger here than in any Lutheran Church In this country, if notin ©ity of the world, and this has been noticed the world. The General Synod’s Board of by priests while on a visit rrorn a foreign country. The different societies connected Publication Is located In this city, and is with the Catholic Total Abstluence Arch- doing an excellent business. Most ot the General Synod’s money goes West for mis¬ diocesau Union are doing a good work in 'keeping many of the young and old away sionary aid and church extension. frony'the saloon, and the different literary The General Council is sustaining a large societies are well patronized. number ot missions in this section of coun¬ try. Tne Lutheran contributions in this city / The Protestant Episcopal Church. are very liberal, as much so, if not more, , The percentage of Protestant Episcopal than iu other localities. The largest con• Churches puts Philadelphia ahead of Brook¬ trlbutlons for general benevoleut work In lyn and New York, brings In Chicago third the General Council,or General Synod, come i and St. .Louis fourth. It Is commonly re- from Pniladelpbla. l ported that Philadelphia Is the paradise for There are in Philadelphia an ably con¬ Episcopal clergymen, as everything Is more ducted ana flourishing Lutheran Theologi¬ congenial in this diocese than In auy other. cal Seminary, a Home for the Aged and lor The average attendance the whole year at the Orphans, and a Deaconess’s Home. In the churches is much more In favor of the latter Philadelphia outrauks ail other Philadelphia than New York. We have cities, with the exception of Minneapolis. < more churches tor the middle working i classes and less for the rich. Here a man has The Hebrews. his home—in New York he .has his flat. There are in this city at least ten Hebrew Philadelphia stands first in teachers and Synagogues, most ot which are well at¬ scholars in Sunday schools, and when the tended. some of them are attractive places I Sunday school is the largest the church at- of worship, and the new Temple of the Con¬ | tendance Is the largest. Philadelphia is gregation Keneseth Israel, Broad street, j ahead of every diocese lh contributions in above Columbia avenue, recently dedi¬ I the Sunday schools, and this is accounted cated, is a handsome structure, and will for by the fact that this city has the best Dear comparison with any in this country. and most strongly organized Sunday School The beuefactions of the Hebrews are larger Association, which never relakes in its In proportion thau those ot any other city. efforts to systematize the charities and During the past few years the sum of 8800,000 stimulate the activities of Sunday school has been expended in the erection of work, As an illustration, in the last 16 new buildings and the support of existing years the Lenten and Advent offerings institutions. The Hebrew Education Soci¬ 1 amounted to 8113,000. ety is doing a good work, and Its new J There are in this city 93 churches, and the building recently erected affords additional | money receipts in the diocese, from all facilities. Theiii Dight schools and trade [sources, were last year 81,023,100 94. Among schools are well attended. A kiudergarten i the Episcopal luslitutlons in this city may and day nursery are carried on under the be mentioned the Divinity School, the Hos¬ auspices of the Young Women’s Union. pital, Christ Church Hospital, Church The amount distributed last year by the Training and Deaconess’s House, the Bard United Hebrew Charities was 840,000. Orphan Asylum of St. Stephen’s Church, Toe Jewish Hospital and Home lor Aged House of St. Michael and All Angels, me andlntlrm Israelites, established in I860, is Educational Home, St. Christopher’s Hos¬ a credit to the denomination. Since the pital for Children, House of the Merciful establishment of the ward for incurables the Saviour for Crippled Children, House of beds have been seldom vacaut. The 27th J Mercy, Home lor Consumptives, Home for annual report of the Hospital Association i the' Homeless, St. Mark’s Home for Aged shows that train January 1, 1891, to May 1, and Infirm Women, St. Luke’s Home tor 1892, there were treated in the nospital 522 Aged Wonieu, St. James’s Industrial jjaileutsand iu the dspensary 2836; number School, Misslou House ot the Sisters of St. of prescriptions, 4798. The annual running Margaret, Mission to the Deaf, Missionary expenses of the hospital are from 825,000 to Association for Seamen, Sheltering Arms 830,000. and City Mission. The Reformed Episcopal Church. The aggregate value of church property in The Reformed Episcopal Church, which the diocese is 812,300,000, and there is every was organized about 19 years ago, has In prospect that in a short time a Diocesan this city 11 churches with a membership of House will be erected on Broa4 street. 2000, about one-sixth of the whole denomi¬ The Lutherans. nation; 0~or 10 churches in Chicago, 3 in The Lutheran denomination is the fourth Boston aud vicinity, 2 In Brooklyn and 1 In in numerical strength in the United States. New York. Another church Is now In pro¬ [The total communicant membership is cess of erection Iu the northwestern part of 11,199,814, with 8427 organizations^ seating this city, aud the church of the Redeemer capacity, 2,159,290; value of church prop¬ j has recently laid the corner-stone of an en¬ erty, $34,000,000. There are In this city 17 larged edifice. Some of the congregations, English and 14 German churches connected such as those of St. Raul’s Church, I with the General Council; 7 General Synod Christ Cnurch, St. Luke's, Frank- churches; 2 German (Missouri Synod) tord, and Holy Trinity, possess hand, churches; 1 Independent Lutheran, 1 some houses of worship. The aitend- Norwegian and 1 Swedish. The General j ance at tne dlllerent services Is excellent, Council Churches have a membership of and the collection for missionary and other about 9500, with about 10,000 Sunday school benevolent objects is very large. The de- scholars, and the General Synod churches I nomination Is in good circumstances with about 1600 members, with 2000 Sunday regard Lo churcb debts. Tbe Theological school scholars. There is a large attendance I Seminary in_ West Philadelphia, estab- w*m

ltshed about six years ago, lias -U students the case of the club and the Alliance, being for me ministry; It Is well equipped and drawn irom the five Unitarian societies in' in a prosperous condition, steps are in this vicinity. Besides these agen¬ progress for the establishment of an Old cies, there is a young people’s “Guild,” Folks’ Home in New Jersey. Most of the composed of yonths from the various money for its support will come from Phil¬ churches tor religious Improvement. Within adelphia. the different societies are also “unity The Unitarians. clubs,” “trlendly societies” and the like. Unitartrnlsm, it is claimed, has been Probably at no time iu the history of Unl- deeply rooted in this community lor more lariaulsm in this city was there more life than a century. In the movement of aud aulmation within its organized forms thought, which became distinct In the last than at present. Whll$ great ireedom of haltoi the eighteenth centary, from which thought and action exists aud is encour¬ the views and principles commonly de¬ aged, and doubtless wide diversities of scribed by this title emerged, many of the opiniou prevail, these things prove to be leading minds ot the country shared—as compatible with strongly united sympa¬ Jefferson, John Adams and Franklin. To¬ thies and very efficient church organiza¬ wards the close of the century Hr. Joseph tion. Churches could hardly be more Priestley, driven from England on account united, active and efficient than the Uni¬ of his opinions, came to this country, aud tarian Churches of Philadelphia and the iu New York and Philadelphia received vicinity. 'a hearty and most respectful welcome. The Universalists. The chief citizens of both cities tendered Unlversallsm in Philadelphia is repre¬ him their friendship, and crowded to hear sented by two churche^, viz.: The Church his philosophical and theological addresses. of the Restoration, Master street, near Sev¬ From the stimulus given to liberal thought enteenth, valueu at $7oj&00, with property! arose In 1798 the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia. It was composed of but few, valued at 810,000, and wlijh a debt of 810,000, | and these were young men. For many years and the Church of the Messiah, southeast corner of Broad street aua Montgomery ave¬ it nad no clerical Pastor, but its services were conducted by its own members in ro¬ nue, valued at 8170,000, clear of debt, and tation. Ultimately three men almost ex- with investments amounting to about 824, - ilusively performed this duty, as well as 600, exclusive ot a gilt of 810,000, recently the offices of marriage, burial and the made to the contingent fund ot the church byoneof its members,and which willshorliy Cord’s Supper. A church was built In 1813, ind in 1826 their first clerical Pastor was be added to the In vestments. These churches ! settled* who still survives in re¬ nave increased the value of their property j markable health and strength as during the past two years not less than ! 8160,000—the iormer church $40,000, and the i Ute Pastor Emeritus of the church, the latter 8120,000, possessing at the present time | Rev. William Henry Furness, D.D. Un better edfices and more conveniences for ! his ministrations the church grew and church work than e^er before, with an un¬ oame influential, especially m tne charac precedented Increase la the membership of ahd standing Of its members. In 1828 a new both church and Bunday school, and with and larger church was built. The earnest a proportion of strangers In attendance ou advocacy of the abolition of slavery by Its church services tar exceeding any former Pastor robbed It of many of its important period In the uistory of either church. The members, but their numbers were fully ChurCh of the Restoration, the Rev. F. A. made good by the incoming of sympathizers Bisoee, B. H., Pastor, numbers 140 families, in his views, especially from amongIt he 161 cuurch members, 181 officers and teachers Hickslte branch of the Society of Friends. aud scholars iu the Sunday school, with an In 1878 Dr. Furness was succeeded by the attendance ot about 300 persons at churcn Rev. Joseph May, who Continues Pastor of services. The Church of the Messiah, the the church. In 1884 the present handsome Rev. Edwin V. SWeetser, I). H., Pastor, house of worship was erected. Meantime numbers 176 families, 388 church members, lour other Unitarian societies have been es¬ 193 officers, teachers aud scholars In the tablished in this vicinity,of which two have Bunday scuool, with an attendance of about been like the First Church, strong in num¬ 400 persons at church services. Tne First bers and active in work, viz., the German¬ j Unlversatlst Society, formerly worshiping town Church, the ReV. James C. Hodgens, on Lombard street, above Fourth, still In Pastor, including in Its membership some existence, though dormant, has a fund of of the most influential citizens of German¬ about ?20,000 irom the sale of their property, town, and the Spring Garden Church, the which is held with a view to the erection of Rev, W. I. Nichols, Pastor. a church in the southern part of the city. All these churches are well attended, com¬ - !,) While Unlversallsm in Philadelphia can- pact in organization, prosperous and zeal¬ ■3 noc claim superiority in the number of its ous in religious and philanthropic work; churches and membership over some other their charities are exceptionally extensive large cities of the country, as the main and efficient. Their Sunday services are strength of the denoraiualion is lonnd la well attended, their Sunday schools full of New England, New York and some of the life and interest, and each congregation is Western btales, it is certainly at the present steadily growing. time more firmly established, better The Unitarian community unites in equipped and more active in all depart¬ several efficient common agencies for the ments of church work than ever before._ promotion ot Its cause. Among these are the Unitarian Club, the Women’s Alliance and the’Sunday School Union. The aim of the fi-rst two is partly social, but especially the promotion of rational views aud ethical principles in religion. They meet monthly, ;; and are largely attended. Essays are read, discussion lollows, and in the Alliance de¬ , i/ycrxr\ votional exercises are included. The Sun¬ f £ day Sohool Union has a more specific work, as its name Implies, meeting monthly and being well attended, its membership, as in

Hi DISCOVERY AND RESTORATION TO THE CITY OF HIS FOR- TRAIT OF GOVERNOR HAMILTON.

ures given by Hr. Welsh and since it was re¬ moved I have not seen it.” The clue given by Mr. Price being followed led to the dis¬ covery of the picture effectually buried in the lecture room of Horticultural Hall, in Fair- jmouut Park. Subsequently it was trans¬ ferred to the rooms of the Park Commis¬ sioners, on the first floor oftho new City Hall, (where a few months ago it was found hang¬ ing in a dark corner.

MATTHEW PRATT.

Several years’ pursuit in search of a lost picture and its restoration to its proper owner is the foundation of this article. It 1 was known to the limited few interested in the history of American art that there was in (existence a full-length portrait of James Hamilton, some time Governor of Pennsyl¬ vania. It had belonged to his descendant in 'the female line, Henry Beckett, who died at (Bonaparte Park, Borrlentown, N. J., Septem¬ BENJAMIN WEST. ber 11, 1871. From a Photograph of the Painting by Pratt. I Mr. Beckett by his will, made a couple of years before his death, bequeathed “the Upon a full presentation of the facts to the Commissioner of City Property, Mr. Eisen¬ large picture of Governor James Hamilton, hower, he at once took steps to have the pict¬ now hanging in the hall of my dwelling ure transferred to the proper and most ap¬ house at Bordeutowu,” to the Spring Garden propriate place for it to hang—the old State Institute, in the city of Philadelphia. Ho House—the capital of the province when snch picture was in the possession of the James Hamilton was its Governor, and (f I Spring Garden Institute, and none of its offi- which building hi3 famous father. Andrew ccrs had any knowledge of it. Hamilton, the great lawyer and defender of iJohn Peter Zenger, was the architect. The executor of Mr. Beckett’s will, the (late Isaac C. Price, was then interrogated by ' The illustration gives a good idea of the j the writer, and ho made this statement: “I [lines of this picture, which is a large canvas was the means of devising the said painting .ninety inches by sixty inches, showing the to the Institute as Mr. Beckett desired me to figure life size. It is no less remarkable as a (have it, but I had no place to put it and sug¬ paiutiug than it is interesting as a portrait; gested the Institute and so prepared his will, and the artist was a Philadelphian born and Shut the Institute had no place for it. After- bred and the ancestor of a long lino of much S ward I saw a number of members of Councils, respected citizens. His name is doubtless (thinking the. city ought to possess so fine a strangely unfamiliar where it should be well painting, and offered to give it to the city if known, and many a portrait in our midst ithey would like to have it, and the Spring ascribed to Benjamin West or John Single- j Garden Institute at my suggestion so dis¬ ton Copley was painted by Matthew Pratt. posed of it. I cannot now tell where it is. Matthew Pratt was born September 23, : Tire last time I saw it was in the hall in the 1734. His great-grandfather was Henry Pratt, Park, near Green street entrance, where I re- of the city ot London, pewterer, who early emigrated to the colonies, and whose son, 'member it very well. But afterward it was Henry Pratt, mariner, married Hannah ' removed to make room for the Pompeian pict¬ I Hobart, of Hiugbam, Massachusetts, and settled in Philadelphia, where Captain Pratt died. His widow lived in a large brick house had shown such rema at the northwest corner of Front and Chest¬ considering his sur nut streets, and subsequently married Charles that even his good -,T—- Meredith, merchant. Captain Pratt’s eldest assented to his going abroad to follow son named for him, Henry, was a goldsmith, bent of his inclination by study. having served liis time with Philip Syng, the Philadelphia he went to New York friend"of Franklin, and one of the original thence to Rome. Four years later he to Junta, and he bitn3elf became a charter mem¬ up his permanent residence in London, ber of the Philadelphia Library Companv.^He fore leaving tup land of his bin'll. never was married in Christ Church. May 1, 1*29, j return, West had plighted his tenth to Eii by the 'Rev. Archibald Cummings, to Rebecca,! both frhewell or Sewell, whose uaclc Richard, daughter of Joseph Claypoole, a descendant! the High Sheriff of Philadelphia, had mar¬ of Oliver Cromwell, who came, over from ried Hannah Pratt, the aunt of Jfatthew. London about the. time of William Penn.; They had ten children, five sons and five( The highly flavored romance has often daughters, the future-artist; Matthew, the found its way into print of how the young fourth child, being horn in Front street be¬ woman’s relatives were opposed to her unit-' tween Walnut and Chestnut, at the corner of ing her fortune with the embryo artist and what was known as Taylor’s alley, a few doors from the residence of his grandmother how they locked her in her room to proven Meredith. At the age of three he was inocu¬ I a parting interview before he sailed away lated for the small-pox by Philip Syng, The legend runs on that when the fntur •who was the grandfather of the famous Dr. ,. president of the Royal Academy was settled Philip Syng Physick. He received his edu¬ . in London as a successful artist, he exacted cation at the school of Stephen "Vidal, on •• from-his betrothed the fulfillment of her Second street near Chestnut, and when 10 years old could write sixteen different hand plight, and her relatives learning of her in¬ writings. tended departure for the mother country to Having shown an aptitude for drawing, at be married to West, again locked her in her the'age of 15 Matthew Pratt was apprenticed home, from which she was released.at night, to his uncle, James Claypoole, “limner and by the means of a rope ladder, through the nainter in general,” where, to use his own jaid of a trio no less distinguished than the language, “I learned all the different j philosopher Franklin; the poet and wit branches of the paiuting business, particu¬ !Francis Hopkinson. ahd Pennsylvania’s first larly portrait painting, which was my favor¬ Bishop, William While. How this iuteres ite study from 10 years of age.” This is all ing story originated \ and gained currency, I that wo know of Janies Claypoole as an have been unable to (ascertain, hut it proba artist, although there may be portraits by bly belongs to the sime category as that o him of early worthies hanging on many the blue-eyed, goldea-haired boy giving (be walls, whoso authorship have puzzled and (signal to his grandfather in the State House will continue to puzzle many generations. steeple to ring the bill l and proclaim liber His apprenticeship ended on attaining his J throughout the iand on the Fourth of Ju majority, when, to quote from himself, “I 1776. Whether the romance has even a thre: set my trade up in company with Francis of fact for its basis. Ido notknow, but I Foster and followed it till the month of Octo¬ )know that authentic history is silent up ber, 1757, when 1 left him to carry my trade The subject. Neither the autobiography o on in -my absence, while I went a trauing Franklin, the memoirs of Bishop White no: voyage to’ Jamaica,” the life of West bv the romancist Galt men-] tion the affair. Before me is now lying a These references to his learning “ all the manuscript of Matthew Pratt, who surely would have known and recorded the escape different branches of the painting business j bad it any existence, and lie negatives, ap¬ and leaving his partner “to carry my trade! parently with a purpose in the words I print on in my absence” do not speak highly fori in italic, the reason given for its necessity. the state of the arts in the Colonies at that This is what ho says: “1764. June the 24th time. This trading voyage was undertaken j I took my departure from Philadelphia in with his cousin and brother-in-law, Captain| I company with Miss Betsey Sbewell and Mr. Enoch Ilobart, who had: married his sister! John West, father to the famous Benjamin . Hannah and was the father of the • Right.; West, bound to London, where we arrived in Rev. John Henry Hobart, Bishop of Lew a passage of twenty-eight days. In a few York. The result of the venture was disas-j weeks after our arrival (September 2) I had the pleasure of officiating as father in the trous owing to the capture of the vessel by al ' French privateer. After six months’ sojourn 1 "marriage ceremony at St. Martin’s Church oa in the Parish of Hanover, Jamaica, at the the Srrand in joining Miss Shewell to Mr. seat of Colonel Robert ITaugbton, Pratt re¬ Benjamin West as a wife, they having been turned to Philadelphia, and “began to prac¬ engaged to each other in Philadelphia three tice portrait painting and met with great years before our leaving it—to the entire encouragement, having full employ and much satisfaction of all their friends and relatives-” to my satisfaction, making money fast wit t the approbation of every employer. In Au¬ Pratt remained in London two years and a gust, 1760, our young artist was married at half, living with West and becoming his first ;] Christ Church to .Elizabeth Mooro. daughter American pupil. While in London ho painted of Charles Moore, hatter and wholesale dry the portraits of Mr. and Mrs. West, repro¬ goods merchant, pf Philadelphia, with whom duced here, which have recently been pre¬ he “received some, money and household un- sented to the Pennsylvania Academy of the niture complete'to begin housekeeping. A year after the inoculation ot Matthew Fine Arts by Mrs. Dr. Jackson, of New Hamp¬ Pratt for smatl-pox there was born m a shire, a great-great-granddaughter of the art¬ Friend’s family at Springfield, in the neigh¬ ist. He also painted an interesting composi¬ boring county! of Chester, a boy destined to tion entitled “The American School,” whi a remarkable career aud great fame. His 1... 171 , ■CJi'lJ 101

■

f -p, ,&

GOVERNOR HAMILTON. From a Photograph of the Painting by Pratt. ?; was exhibited at the seventh exhibition held — | March 20, 1768, sailed for Philadelphia on at tbo old Spring Gardens in London in 1766 ’the brig Concord, Captain Joseph Voiance, in This picture ma.v be recalled in the historical JJcompany with Joseph Peed and a Dr. Slade, portrait, exhibition at the Academy of the 'arriving in port May 30. He resumed his Fiue Arts in the winter of 1886-87." It is a ■professional career at the corner of Front representation of West’s studio, with the art¬ and Pine streets, where, ho says? “I met ist instructing his pupils in painting, and with my old friend the Iiev. Thomas Barton, contains five figures, but who the subjects are of Lancaster, who came purposely to intro¬ other than West and Pratt we do not know. duce me to Governor Hamilton, Governor One may be Abraham Dclanoy, of New York * John Peun, Mr. John Dickinson. Mr. Samuel who, according to Dunlap, was studying with Powel and all the Willing family, the clergy, West at this time. But the date of’the pict- etc., among whom I met with full employ "r±. is too early lor Peale, or Stuart, or for two years.” It is to this period accord¬ Trumbull, or Wright, the most famous of the ingly we can ascribe the lost-found portrait Americans who were early benefited bv fest’s advice. of James Hamilton, that may now be seen in the National Museum in the old State House, From London, Pratt wont to Bristol where he painted for eighteen months, and on across the corridor from Independence Hall. A visit to Ireland in 1TO) tor a few months in search of a supposed fortune belonging to bis wife interrupted his artistic career, but during bis absence he painted in Dublin a whole length portrait of Archbishop Isaac Maun in hist robes, which was exhibited at the Irish Academy with great success. Pratt seems to have been very successful with his whole length portraits, as his best-known picture, from its having been engraved, is the one of Cadwalader Golden, painted in 1772, for the New York Chamber of Commerce and for which its records show the artist re¬ ceived the munificent sura of £37, During the struggle of the war of the Rev¬ olution the arts naturally languished, and it was a long while before they recovered from the depression. What were Matthew Pratt’s politics during this era we are not informed, and the manuscripts that we have contain no reference to the subject. His proclivities may have been Tory, which would account for none of the military heroes of the day being transmitted to posterity through the medium of his brush. This is the more to be MRS. WEST. regretted, as he was the most competent From a Photograph of the fainting by Pratt. .artist in the colonies at the time; and it would bg highly interesting to have before us tists of bis day. He was not a Reynolds or s' bis portrayal of the noble mien and linea¬ Gainsborough, but he was quite the peer in ments of George Washington. It may be in portraiture of Ramsay or Wilson, or Copley part owing to this cause also that bo was or West, aud in some respects their superior. driven to painting signs for famous hostelries His portraits show character and nice dis¬ in the town and decorations for fetes. He is tinctions in temperament, and a refined said to have executed a series of paintings for feeling for color. His posing is artificial, as the grand ball given by the French Minister, was the taste of his time, but his modeling is Chevalier de la .Luzerne, in 1785 in celebration delicate and well accentuated, and his draw¬ of the birth of the Dauphin of France. The ing careful and correct. He was something first sign he painted was a representation of of a philosopher and was not devoid of the Constitutional Convention of 1737 con¬ humor, as is aptly shown in a. letter written taining portraits of the members. It hung at from Philadelphia September, 1797, dnring the the southwest corner of Fourth aud Chestnut prevalence of the yellow fever epidemic, to streets, and attracted great attention as pass¬ bis daughter, “Mrs. William Fennell at Mr. ers-by identified particular likenesses. At Benjamin A. Yard’s New Road to Lancaster,” the bottom Pratt put beginning, I see no place of safety to which Those fiS great, men have signet! a powerful any one can fly to prolong life beyond the deed common bounds, and if they could live for¬ That, better times to us should very soon ever, they will carry about them the seeds ofj succeed. discontent and natural infirmity enough to Another of bis signs, called the “ Fox wean the reflecting mind from the desire o: Chase,” hung on the north sideot Arch street, prolonging their stay beyond the bounds ofj above Sixth, at a bouse kept by one Brown. moderation,” i?.u.d concluding, “ My best af¬ It bore the following lines : fection to every one of you both Pratts aud Our hounds are good aud horses, too, Prattlers.” The buck is quite run down. Matthew Pratt died in Philadelphia Jan¬ Call off thehounds ana let them blow, uary 9, 1805,.and was interred in the family Whilst we regale with Brown. vault of his eldest sou, Henry Pratt, iu Christ For the old Lebanon Garden, at the south¬ Church bmying-grouud, at Fifth and Arch east corner of Tenth and South streets, he streets. He had six children, four of whom, painted a double sign, representing on one two sons and tuio daughters. survived Iram side a ship in a calm and on the other Nep¬ the best known being Henry Pratt, mer¬ tune in his car, with these charming lines od chant, of the,firm of Pratt & Kiutzing. and either side : the purchaser of , in Fairmount Neptune, in his triumphant car. Park, from Robert Morris. One of Henry Commands the ocean to be silent. Pratt’s daughters married James Duudas and While universal culm succeeds. another Thomas McKean, Jr. Of the waters of Lebanon, It is hoped that this publication will no Coffee, chocolate and tea, only rescue from oblivion the memory of a Aud kind entertainment early and eminent Philadelphian and mat By John McGawey. him known to Hie present generation, bn The only other sign by Matthew Pratt that will also emphasize, as cannot too frequently i remembered was the ‘'Game Cock, which be done, the fact that we have had an Amer¬ ung in front of a two-story house on the ican school of painters. Esto perpetua. ,duth side of Spruce street above Front. It Charles Hkxby Hart. was subsequently removed to the neighbor¬ hood of the Navy Yard, and, doubtless, all of them have long since gone, to decay. It must not be thought that because ‘ ‘"fthew Pratt was willing to paint these is his art was in any sense on a par the general character of such work. He was quite the equal of many celebrated ar¬ w w . t ___ heated by steam, the temperature is 't' X^ ^ h k ikept at a certain point, with the use of ■an electrical thermometer. The lateBt £ /L^eyi ££c.. Ok*. improved ventilating apparatus is used in the buildings, and in a few weeks . they will bo lighted by electricity. The *LO^mU f c V/rt^' sL& f'-'' * ■ plant for furnishing the heat and light is part of the university property, and University ofpenjsisylva n i a is located at 34th and Spruce streets. History and Extent of One of Our Occupying a whole square on Spruce Oldest Colleges. street are the athletic grounds. In the The following foresting article was centre is where the games of base ball contributed to The Weekly Item by and foot ball are played, around this is F. P. Lytle, who is now studying medi¬ the race track. On the banks of the cine at the University of Pennsylvania . Schuflkill are the boat houses. . Everybody has heard of the Univer¬ ! Phy/cal exercise is encouraged. sity of Pennsylvania, but few know its THE COURSES OF STUDY history and the importance it has at¬ «ange from two to four years. Ti e tained in the educational world. college is four, biology, two ; dentistry, It is one of the oldest colleges in the three; medical, at present, three, but country. In 1751 Benjamin Franklin in 1893 it is to be changed to four. secured an appropriation from the The facilities for education are un¬ City Council of Philadelphia, for the equalled throughout the country, and purpose of founding a college, and a Dr. Pepper, the Provost says, that when building was erected at the corner of the four years’ course commences in Fourth and Arch street. This building the medical school, it will be as good .. is one of the city’s historic land marks, as any European school. The chemical and is now known as the Apprentice’s laboratories are the finest in the world, library. and the medical and dental depart¬ The college was successful from the ments alone can accommodate 435 start and the building at Fourth and Arch streets soon became too small. A students at one time. The hygiene department is one of mansion had been erected at Ninth and Chestnut streets for the President of i the finest in the world. The library is one of the five in the the United States, but as the capital United States, among the colleges, that was removed from the city, it was contains over one nundred thousand never occupied by our chief executive. volumes. It contains one hundred.and This building was then taken by the University faculty and was used until five thousand volumes. 1 830, when the constantly growing AN ARMY OF STUDENTS. membership demanded another change The number of students is over to more commodious quarters. The | eighteen thousand, with a corp of oyer | mansion was torn down and a larger two hundred and thirty-seven in¬ 1 building was erected for the college. structors. Harvard is the only college, The university prospered, and in in the United State that has more in- 1871 was removed to its present site in West Philadelphia, the Government The medical and dental colleges are ■again getting possession of the Chest¬ well known in foreign countries. Last .J1 nut street property, and the corner is y ear twenty-eight countries were rep- now occupied by the handsome post | resented. . ., office building. At first the university The College Y. M. C. A. has its only occupied a few acres in West ■ rooms at 3449 Woodland avenue, to Philadelphia, and consisted of only one which all the students are invited. They building. Now it comprises 22 hand¬ may also become members of the city some buildings in a space of 4o acres. associations, with the use of theii gym¬ There is also a building at Sea Isle nasiums and swimming pools. j City, on the New Jersey coast, in which nr is located the Marine Biological de¬ k'fj'i / . - partment. THIRTEEN COLLEGES (/ I From one department the university ’ has increased to thirteen, among which , cKt i

\ are colleges of arts, science, finance and j t Ji^dHlpUiu, Nov. 27 (Special).- _r,^ * economy, music, medicine, law, den¬ -bOi-s WAS 8? SSm tistry and hygiene. The buildings are Iversliy mourns Ws '’’lu f American lto'Ultfo>re ol Uie class of 1810 ' tlm siandard-t>e&F#l*»«- m \ 104

nut street; the Epiphat.5 and Grace Church,; Twelfth and Cherry streets, has been an ab¬ sorbing topic of conversation among the worshipers at these various churches. When the plan of consolidation was first proposed, the idea was to combine the parishes of the Epiphany, St. Stephen’s, Grace and Covenant into one parish and build ajsplendid 1, edifice on the site of the present Church of the Epiphany. Upon investigation, how- ! ever, it was determined that such a plan was not altogether feasible, and a union between Grace Church and the Epiphany, or between the Epiphany and St. Stephen’s, was next considered by the vestries of these churches. I That a union of the parishes of St. Stephen’s andtheEpiphany would make an exceedingly strong parish is generally acknowledged, and it is understood the Kev. S. D. McConnell, D. Director of St. Stephen’s, approves the project Por many years the-parishes of St. Stephen’s and the Epiphany have virtually served the Eame community, as the encroachments of business life within the districts bounded by the Delaware river and Broad street and Pine and Vine streets have diminished the resi¬ dent population of this section, and further¬ more it is pretty well understood that as soon j as an appropriation can be obtained from Congress, the United States Government will j take possession of St. Stephen’s parish I building for an addition to the Post Office, which is at the moment needed. Sr Stephen’s will then be compelled to look for a new home in which to conduct divine wor¬ ship and carry on its parish work. In favor of a consolidation with Grace Church it is argued that the present situation 1 ot the church is very unsatisfactory owing to the proximity with the Beading Terminal tracks. The latest announcement in the matter, however, is that negotiations with Grace Church are at an end. What the final outcome of the matter will be it is difficult to determine at the moment, but it will not be out of place to glance at the history of the ST. STEPHEN’S7CHURCH. churches.

St. Stephen's is the most elderly of the three parishes. The first meeting looking to THREE OLD CHURCHES the foundation of this church was held on the 17th of April, 1822, in the building which ST. STEPHEN’S, THE EPIPHANY AND bad been erected for St. Thomas’ Methodist Episcopal Church, a plain structure standing GRACE CHURCH. back from the street and much smaller thau tiie edifice afterwards called St. Stephen’s. At this meeting it was determined to form a A PROPOSED CONSOLIDATION congregation and buy the building, and Ed¬ ward Shippen Bard, Charles N. Bancker and Joseph B. Ingersoll were appointed a com¬ Negotiations at a Standstill for the Moment. mittee to investigate the title ahd ascertain The History of Three Noted Episcopal the cost of the building. On the 30th of May. Parishes, Whose Rectors Have Been Men 1822, the corner-stone was laid by Bishop White, William Strickland beiDg the archi- of Mark and Great Influence. tect, A portion of the old St. Thomas’ Church at the rear was used, bnt what was substantially a new buildi Since the Protestant Episcopal Church of was erected at a total cost of $35,000. The the Epiphany, 1 ifteenth and Chestnut streets, marble baptismal font was the gift of Mr. has been without a pastor, a state of affairs Strothers and Mr. Strickland presented the marble tablets, on which Mr. Strutbers gra¬ brought about by the consecration of its tuitously put the inscriptions. The consecra¬ former rector, the Bev. Dr. Kinsolving, as tion of the church took place on the 27th of 2 Assistant Bishop of Texas, a union which has February, 1823, Bishop White officiating. He! J been in contemplation for some time past be¬ was assisted by Bishop Hobart, of New York, 1 tween three prominent Episcopal churches, who preached the sermon. The Eev. Dr. St. Stephen’s, on Tenth street, above Chest- Abercrombie was present, and also the Eev. James Montgomery, who on the 5th of March

. 105.

THE EPIPHANY. 3823, was appointed rector of the cEurch, Bishop of tlle Frotestant Episcopal CirurCh m which office lie held until his' death on the the United States. The congregation was 17th of March, 1834. The parish immedi¬ small in numbers and poor, but it worked ately became a prominent one in the city, bravely and zealously. Before long the rector and its growth was steady all through Dr. wrote of his church: “This small edifice, Montgomery’s rectorship. after repairs and being prepared very com- Originally the lot next adjoiningthe church modiouslv and neatly for divine service, was on the north was occupied by a store with a consecrated by Bishop White, November 30, dwelling overhead. This building was au 1828.” The building was afterwards known unsightly and disagreeable neighbor. The as “Old Grace Church” or “Little Grace vestry consequently determined to purchase Church,” and when it passed out of the it for $5,000 and null it down, and then graded possession of the parish was 6old to the Asso¬ the ground and prepared it for a cemetery. ciate Reformed Church and some years after¬ Dr. Montgomery was succeeded to the rector¬ wards became the property of the First ship by the Rev. Henry W. Ducachet, an ex¬ African Baptist Church. It has long since tremely talented man, who succeeded in at¬ beeu pulled dowD. tracting a large congregation weekly beneath the roof of St. Stephen’s. Dr. Ducachet re¬ In April, 1830, the church was mortgaged mained in active charge until 1864, when he for $1,700 and the following November Mr. was succeeded in the rectorship by the Rev. Smith resigned. Two clergymen were in Wil iram Rudder, D. D., who died ou the turn elected, one at a stipend of $200 a year, 30th of January, 1880. After his death the services of the church were conducted by the but both declined. Iu November, 1831, the Rev. Caspar WiDes, who remained in charge Rev. Cyrus H. Jacobs, of Churcbtown, Pa., until the Rev. S. D. McConnell, D. D., ac¬ was secured, but he resigned in October of cepted the rectorship of the church iu 1882. the following year. The Rev. S. C. Brinckle Dr. McConnell is noted as one of the most was thereupon elected at an annual salary of liberal and advanced men in the Episcopal $300, and steps were taken to build a church Church. He is a powerful preacher and ex¬ erts a great influence over his large con¬ in a more desirable locality. The sum of gregation. St. Stephen’s, besides having $15,000 was borrowed on certificates to bear among its members many rich men, is an ex¬ six per cent, interest, and on February 1, tremely wealthy and prosperous parish, own¬ 1833, the report was made of the purchase of ing property and endowments aggregating the lot at the corner of Twelfth and Cherry $600,000 ; it is the trustee of the Burd Orphan streets. Work was immediately begun and Asylum for Children, a Tichly-endowed and on Wednesday, April 24, 1833, the corner¬ well-conducted charity and has for many stone of the present edifice was laid by years maintained wholly or in part the Bishop White. On Saturday morning, March church mission services for deaf mutes. 15, 1834, the new church was consecrated by In 1826, a few parishioners of St. Andrew’s Bishop White, the sermon being preached by Church,by the recommendation of Dr. Bedell, Bishop Onderdonk. began a missionary enterprise in what was On October 29, 1 834, the Rev. William Sud- then the northwestern part of the city aud dards, then of Zanesville. Ohio, was elected on the outer range of its population. They rector, at a salary of $1,000. His power was took a dwelling on Ninth street near Vine shown in his giviug up a promising parish and called it the “Mission House,” inviting and accepting a work very unattractive and at the same time the Rev. B. P. Aydelotte to involving years of hard labor before success take charge of the movement. On May 30 could be secured. A very plain building on of the same year a parish was organized, ten the outskirts of the city, a divided vestry vestrymen were elected, and on Septem¬ and a heavy debt were before him; but strong ber 1, at the desire of Dr. Bedell, the name^ iu faith and great in heart, he began his min¬ of “Grace Church ” was agreed upon. istry, and ere long his influence was felt. lu the February following the parish Frofn this time on came steady growth and bought the Bethesda Meeting House, In unbroken prosperity. The parish became Eleventh street, between Vine, and Wood, full of life, high in prosperity, had many ad¬ then known as Palmyra Square, Penn town¬ herents. aud colonies went iorth to start and ship. On May 12, 1828, at a salary of $500 a help other churches. year, a new rector was elected, the Rev. B. B. With time camo changes. The rector saw Smith, of Middlehurg, Vermont, afterwards a whole generation pass away before age Bishop of Kentucky, and later Presiding brought inevitable infirmities. In October, r ~ • * •r-f

3 & v

ISTSflre watroongea to giveTip asuvrserviceTK ' — -■* - ■■ * and the following spring the Rev. Janies W. several times while the Rev. Dr. Kinsolving Ashton was elected associate rector. Two was the rector large offers were made for the years later Mr. Ashton resigned and Dr. Sud- church site at Fifteenth and Chestnntstrects, dards was appointed rector emeritus. On Oc¬ one offer it is understood cording from a hotel tober 14, 1831. the Rev. Reese P. Alsop, D. D„ man who considered the site a fine one for a entered upon his duties as rector, and Febru¬ palatial hostelry. The last offer of purchase ary 20, 1883, Dr. Suddards died. In 1886 the received by the vestry of this church was present scholarly rector, the Rev. Dr. Stone, about a year and a half ago when $500,000 assumed charge of this church. ’ was refused. sisted by the Right Rev. Bishop Onderdonk The Church of the Epiphany, the-eighth! 3and the Right Rev. Charles P. Mcllvaine, D. Episcopal church in the city of Philadelphia, D., Bishop ot Ohio. was projected in the year 1833 by the late Dr.1 Caspar Morris, Alexander W. Johnston and1 As originally erected the church occupied 5 Robert Caldcleugb. These gentlemen had | the centre of the lot in both directions, the removed their residences to the then western line of burial vaults running behind as well end of the city and proposed to bnild an as at the side of the church. The exterior Episcopal church, with a view of calling to its remains as at first, except as the church was rectorship the Rev. Jackson Kemper, D. D., then assistant minister of St. James’ Church extended northward to the rear line of the and subsequently Bishop of Wisconsin. Pend¬ lot in 1853, and the wing, already mentioned, ing their consideration of this project, the was added on the northwest corner in 1844, late Lewis R. Ashhurst, a member of St. and subsequently enlarged with the exten¬ Paul’s Church, hearing of the proposed enter-1 sion of the main building in 1853. The in¬ prise, offered his means and influence on ! terior of the church has, however, undergone the condition that the Rev. Stephen H. : f Tyng, D. D„ then rector of St. Paul’s Church, several important changes, the last change should be called to the rectorship. The being made in 1880 under the direction proposition was acceded to and in the fall of of George W. Hewitt, architect, when the 1833 an organization was effected, the first [ upper galleries were removed ; the windows, regular meeting being held October 1, 1833, which were formerly of plain glass, with when the following persons were chosen as I Venetian blinds, replaced with stained glass, vestrymen : Alexander W. Johnston, Caspar | and the whole interior, which had hitherto Morris, Lewis R. Ashhurst, Jacob Lex, Fred-, been painted in white or pale neutral tints, erick W. Porter. John Andrews, Israel Kins- j painted in its present warm colors, and the man, John C. Pechin, R. S. H. George, Will-1 chancel, by the skilful use of artistic decora¬ iam Musgrave, Thomas S. Taylor and Isaac), tion,, made one of the handsomest in Phila¬ Hazlehurst. Mr. Lewis R. Ashhurst and Dr. f delphia. In 1881 an organ chamber was con¬ Capar Morris were chosen wardens. structed by utilizing the rooms in the north¬ east corner of the building formerly used by The vestry at once elected the Rev. Stephen } ’ the rector, sexton and Sunday school library, H. Tyng, D. D., rector, and purchased as the ,7 and the present organ, one of the finest in site of the church the lot on which it now I Philadelphia, was placed in this space. stands, 132x178 feet, for $26,400, upon re- | Dr. Tyng held the rectorship until his re¬ deemable ground rent, which was fully dis- I moval to New York in 1845, when the fol¬ lowing rectors succeeded him: Rev. Mr. Fowles, Rev. Dudley A. Tyng, Rev. William i O. Prentiss, Rev. John W. Cracraft, Rev. Richard Newton, D. D. Dr. Newton was noted as the prince of preachers to children, and the children’s church, which he held once a month in the Epiphany, became celebrated throughout the country as one of the most delightful and instructive services for the young that was ever devised. Dr. Newton wrote many books for children which were ex¬ tremely popular, and have the distinction of having been translated into many foreign languages. He possessed a large fund of anecdote and his sermons to young people were constantly illustrated in this way. The 1 doctor was celebrated as never telling the same story over again, aDd it was a source of ( constant wonder to many members of his congregation where he secured so many re¬ markable stories apropos to his text. Pre¬ vious to his rectorship of the Epiphany Dr. Newton was for many years in charge of Old St. Paul’s. In 1881 the doctor was appointed rector emeritus, and the Rev. George H. Kin¬ solving took charge of the church in October '1 of that year.

The Church of the Epiphany has a Mission Chapel at Twenty-third and Cherry streets and for a long time a Monday noon meeting of the city clergy has been held in the lecture! grace church. room of this edifice. The property held hv the Epiphany Church is of great value, and charged in the early part of 1863, leaving the now valuable property free of all in- France. On Xovetnber II, T833, the vestry runs alcfnjj the eastern tr adopted apian subpiitted by Mr. Thomas U. To reach the Walter, architect, y This plan of the church WILL VAULT included a steeple, which was omitted for one goes down a stairway into the base¬ reasons of economy. On the 24th of March, ment, and the first apartment Is the Cnsto" 1834, the corner-stone of the church was laid dian’s room. There presides B. Frank by the Eight Eev. William White, D. D., as¬ Potts, tho Custodian of Wills, who can place sisted by the Eigb*t Eev. Henry U. Onder- his finger on any will, whether it'date baok donk, D. D., Assistant Bishop, and the rector. to 1683 or is as recent as 1893. Adjoining There were also present Bishop George W. , on the north is tho most interesting spot Doane, of New Jersey, and a large numberof in the Register’s office will vault, for the clergy and vestrymen of the city and Lib¬ there are stored, hut easily accessible, erties. In the following summer the base¬ thousands of wills, some of which are con¬ ment story of the church was completed, ser¬ temporary with the time of William Pend. There are two vaults, oblong in shape vice being first held in the lecture room on Tho one nearest the Custodian’s room is the first Sunday of August, 1834. On Satur¬ | the "Administration vault,” where all ad¬ day, October 12, 1834, the church was conse¬ ministration papers are filed in boxes, and crated byjdn^jtight Eev. Bishop White, as- the other is a receptacle for wills only. I The walls of both vaults aro completely i covered with patent boxes, each having room for 200j or 300 wills or administra¬ MM tion papers, and the arrangement is such that any particular paper can be found on ' tho instant. As the walls of the vaults contain hun¬ dreds of these boxes, many of them FILLED WITH WILLS, i the number of them on deposit may be Im¬ agined. An idea of the business done at the Reg¬ ister of Wills’ office may be gleamed from /HE WILLS, ithe fact that so far this year 1,655 wills: have been admittod to probate. 1__ Two boxes contain all the wills probated in the yerr 1806, and It takes thirty-two |As IoieresfiDg Visit ts tbs Vault in the boxes to hold tho wills of 18y2 up to this date. There wore 1,054 wills in 1891. In New City Bail the year 1887 there were 1 ,427 wills, and they decrease in numbor wheu tracod baok annually. From DOO to 1706 there were but 285 wills registered. iANTIQUATED DOCUMENTS The oldest and rarest wills on deposit are kept by themselves in locked tin boxes, and the MOST ANCIENT WILL ;What ’s Testament Looks is a musty, dilapidated document kept in a Like and Provides. I tin box, the will of "Thomas Freama. of the County of Gloster,” and dated Sep¬ tember 5th, 1082. It is written in a “Can I visit the will vault to see what quaint hand, hut quite legible and appar- things look like there?” was the question ently in the hand of the testator himself. asked by an Item reporter the other aay.or Th® will commences: ‘‘In the name of Mr. Charles Irwin, Deputy Register of God, Amen. I, Thomas Freame, of the Wills, as the former entered the new and County of Goster, being sick in body, but of good memory. Glory be to God! 4. elegantly appointed Register of Wills’ of¬ do make and ordain this, my last will and fice that takes up most of the space on the testament, in form following,” etc., etc. ground floor of the new Public Buildings, The signature is at the bottom of thO'"' west of the oorridor. paper, and near it is a small seal composed Deputy Irwin accompanied the reporter. of black sealing wax. A number of ragged It may he mentioned that the new office old doouments accompany the will. of the Register of Wills is not only admir¬ There is one will written on parchment ably adapted for the transaction of all1 about four feet square, and oontains in business connected with tlie department hold letters the last will and testamont of but Register William G. Shields has in¬ iJotin William Rhoads, of Liverpool. This troduced improvements in the machinery peculiar will was evidently prepared in of the office that has greatly simplified England, and it is dated March, 1803. matters, and it may safely be asserted that Among the old wills that are kept in tin boxes is that of a prominent man of his REGISTER OP WILES’ OFFICE day, named William J. Horstman, and in the United States is more thoroughly dated 1700. Another is the elaborate will of George W. Carpenter, of Germantown, equipped at all points than the one in this the wealthy druggist, and this will is j city. dated I860. There is also the will of Henry The southernmost room of the suite Is Pratt, dated 1850, and a prominent lady ! the private office of Mr. Shields, and it is named Sarah L. Keene, dated I860, and among other wills under look and key are fitted up with “a place for everything and those of the late Matthew Baldwin, the everything in its place.” Extending world-renowned locomotive builder, and northerly comes the State Appraiser’s Dr. David Jayne. What aro considered room, and adjoining, that is the spacious old wills, and stored away by themselves apartment of Deputy Register Irwin. Next foriepecial reasons, do not come nearer to comes the large room of the transcribing the present time than 1860. clerks, who, in the old Register of Wills’ office, did their work at desk fitted up in THE MODUS OPERANDI the basement. Adjoining this is the Rec¬ of producing any will for the examination ord and Index room, and then comes the of a lawyer or other interested party Is as apartment that is the soenc of hot legal contentions, and whore the anxious heirs follows: gather to fight and defend the provisions When a visitor asks to see a will, the of wills. Deputy Register or assistant refers to the These room are adjoining, and a railing record book and finds the number of the 108 ■w' m fore the^losVoTtfie nfst voar, atSeco: ill ana the year it was aainittsif to pro¬ Dock streets. bate. A permit is Riven whioh reads, The paper was enlarged to 18 “Permit Mr.-to examine the original inches, with five columns to the page, papers (or will) in tbe estate of-, de¬ ceased.” On this permit is written the a double-cylinder "pony” press was bough numbor aud date of the will and it is Its fearless criticisms, meanwhile, ha signed by the -Register. This permit is I aroused resentment in certain quarters, sent clown to the will vault by a small; about this time “some villainous scoundrel, dumb waiter and a oall bell is rung. (Jus- i todian of Will Potts secures the penultl or scoundrels, made a cowardly attack o and notes.the number and date of the will the office, demolishing several panes anted, and the will is sent up to the I glass, and inflicting somewhat more serious eputy Register. injury to the interior.” Of course, the most noted document in The newspaper had the courage to criti¬ a will vault is the cise. within less than a year, the Judge, WILL OF STEPHEN GIRARD, jury, counsel and witnesses in fche trial which is kept very carefully by itself in which grew out of the murder of Helen a; Japan-pollslied tin box, and labeled Jewett in New York. It struck another with gilt letters: "Stephen Girard’s Will.” popular chord by championing the cause ot The key of the box never leaves the cus¬ the apprentices of a firm of cabinet makers, tody of Custodian Potts. The willis in a who were charged with furnishing them perfect state of perservation, and has re- insufficient food. Ejjcputly been handsomely rebound. It is It vigorously protested against the act ot written, evidently by an expert scrive¬ a mob which, in 1838, wrecked and burned ner, on thirty-six pages, and is a neatly- Pennsylvania Hall, where an anti-slavery bound volume, on the cover of which lecture was to have been delivered by the is stamped "The Last Will and Testament (of Stephen; Girard, Mariner, of Philadel¬ Rev. G. -Storrs. At this early date it advo¬ phia.” Stephen Girard’s autograph, in a cated “scratching” from party tickets the cramped, shaky hand, is at the bottom of names of unfit candidates, and urged tne every page, and the will is dated Decem¬ present method of numbering the houses ber 26th, 1830- The witnesses arc John H, Irwin, Samuol Arthur and John Thompson. and the nomenclature of the streets. Stephen Girard’s will has been printed in On May 9, 1840, the paper was enlarged 9 pamphlet form, and it is familiar to most to six columns on a page and the sheet to 20 Philadelphian’s; but it requires an inspec- by 29 inches. The office was removed on tion of the will itself to read October 12 to the southwest corner of Third AN IMPORTANT CODICIL, and Chestnut streets. The “pony ex¬ dated June 20th, 1831. The writer was per- j presses, which were early established by the |t Jmitted to copy this codicil, and It reads as I proprietors of the Ledger and the Balti¬ ollows: „ more Sun, brought the first newsof the death “Whereas, I, Stephen Girard, the testa¬ of President Harrison, the fate of the fiscal tor named in the foregoing will and testa¬ ment, have, since the oxeeutiou thereof, bank system in 1841, the Oregon question purchased several parcels of land and real and the Mexican war. estate, and have built sundry messuages, This vigorous enterprise kept the Ledger all of which, as well as any real estate, it is in the front rank constantly. Carrier my intention to pass by said will, and, pigeons were also utilized in transmitting whereas, In particular, I have recently pur¬ chased from Mr. William Parker, the Man-. news from foreign steamers. The magnetic ! sion House, outbuildings, and soma par¬ telegraph, as might be expected, found in cels of land called "Pell Hail,” on the the proprietors of the Ledger some of its Ridge road, Penn township: Now, I <-e earliest and most enthusiastic friends. clare it to be my intention, and I do direct During the exciting times of 1844 the that the Orphan Establishment provided for in my said will, instead of being as Ledger condemned "the excesses into ’ herein directed on my square of ground be- which the mob ran." . - tween High and Chestnut and Eleventh and The destruction of St. Michael s Church, Twelfth streets, in the city of Philadel¬ and the Female Seminary and St. Augus¬ phia, shall be built upon the estate so pur- # chased from the said Win. Parker, and I tine’s Church by the mob called out the hereby devote the said estate to that pur- Ledger on the following morning in poso exclusively in the same manner as I less denunciation of the rioters, have devoted the said square, hereby di created intense excitement among the h recting that all the improvements and ar five Americans, and many thousands stop rangements for the said orphan establish ment provided by my said will as to said the paper and the advertising patron square shall be made made and executed also greatlv diminished. upon said estate, just as if I had in my The Ledger swerved not from its course, said will .devoted said estate to saidlid pvu»P« however, and its circulation returned in pose.” large numbers, while its advertisements in¬ creased iu volume and value far beyond what they had been beiore. The changes effected by the War of the Rebellion, how¬ ever, had important influence upon news-

PaThe great increase in the cost of white paper and of labor rendered the publication of a penny paper impossible, except at a, great loss. This the firm met and accepted to the extent of more than $100,000. Tue A SKETCH OF proprietors, who had seen the realization of —W~ Somertainst About the Newspaper their hopes iu a penny newspaper, could Since its Foundation in 183B. not bring themselves to increase its price, The first issue of the Public Ledger ap¬ and they, therefore, resolved to dispose of peared on Friday, March 25th, 1836. being the property. printed at Nos. 38 and 39 of the Arcade, by! Mr. Ctsilds Buys the Paper. Swain, Abeil & Simmons. Ife was a penny The sale of the newspaper to Mr. Chi.ds sheet, 15J by 21i inches, with four columns was, therefore, consummated on Decemb to a page. The success was so great t hat 3, 1864. Tbe circulation and ad increased accommodations were needed be¬ | patronage the were possibly of Ledger These alterations, which provided new | larger at the time Mr. Childs assumed cou- rooms on the third, fourth and fifth floors - trol than ever before. He promptly took for the editorial, reportorial and typograph¬ the step at which Messrs. Swain & Abell ical departments, were nearing completion j hesitated, and, on December 10, 1S64, when the fire broke out yesterday. i he increased the price of the newspaper to Ihe alterations to the composing room 12 cents par week. made it what was considered by experts to The advertising rates were also advanced be the handsomest and most complete to a scale more in correspondence with the composing room, in the matter of con¬ immense circulation of the Ledger-.- Mr. venience to the men, in ventilation and Childs was swift to introduce new elements general adaptability to the work required, of popularity and enterprise into the news¬ ot any in the country. paper, and his perseverance was soon ap¬ It was about 85 by 63 feet, and was of un- proved by results, for the circulation and usual height. It afforded accommodations advertising, which at first, had tor loO cases without crowding. The latest alien off, soon increased far improvements in newspaper building archi¬ beyond anything inits history tecture, such as pneumatic tubes for earry- and within halt a decade there were fully ing copy from one floor to another, electric ' ^72,000 names upon the subscription list. calls and other improvements, had been in¬ The building which was partially de¬ troduced. stroyed last evening was Iormally occupied These improvements, it has been roughly J“ne 26'th, 1867, on the site of estimated, were to have cost about $60,000 the old Howell mansion, which occupied Some of the private rooms for editors and the corner lot. Several other properties to heads of editorial departments had already the west were also razed to accommodate been handsomely furnished. the new and imposing brownscone pile. The history of the newspaper since that time and the important part it has taken in the discussion of all public questions and the advancement of municipal improve¬ ments are familiar to the reading public ;and need no repetition here. Discarding the commonly accepted idea that a news- papep was in the nature of a “common car¬ rier of information for the people, bound to print anything as an advertisement which was not libellous or indecent, Mr. the LEDGER BUILDING. Childs adopted other views. He asserted his right to ex¬ clude from the columns of the Led- gee all that might appear io htm objectionable on the score of public morals. This judgment was sustained by the people, and the Ledger at once took [advanced position in newspaper publica- iwestward from Third and ChPt ,.to“ovo , 10D\ frequent enlargement was de- where the Ledger haH u8tnufc str«et, imanded by increasing advertising and the (under his management and tTe nCr?ducted i desire ot the publisher to give the readers ot the Ledger all of the news. 1836'PbofnSWa,in’AabeU’ &Simmon^ s^nce ' ; For these improvements, the speediest as the Howell th °Wn |presses, the latest mechanical devices and increased accommodations for all depart¬ |C0Tb?, buSn th and °^StDat ^ee?s St ments were necessary and were promptly had a frXe^l^t on ChD a“d provided. These are referred to more a'fc aud of 69 feet on ^ixth length in the detailed sketch of the build¬ at that time considered nn j1'was not ing. (ture, though it vrasa^very11la'rge"cme” ^ Recent Alterations and Improve- meats. In the course of 25 years Mr. Childs °u“d It necessary to make many changes in the building in order to meet the in¬ creasing demands of the business. About IU years ago extensive alterations were gaged to prepare plans for a new structure made, mainly to the local and editorial and a contract for the rntir. ; w structure rooms, which were enlarged to accommo¬ !'*"»« ..- .Wrdrt ..‘Sr Ch™d“/ date an increased force in both depart- meats. iStTOK* w“ .. Sii About two years ago it became necessary Ihe old buildings on South Sixth street to take the job office to larger quarters, and a handsome five-story building was erected for that department back of the Ledger All the 1 press room of the Ledger puiming, on Sansom street, above Sixth It All the work was supervised by Mr is known as the Ledger Annex, and cost Arthur and his assistant, Mr. George probably $75,000. ’ C0St Additional improvements have been con¬ ing “rwa^V^ rmpleti°n 0f the »>“»*- templated by Mr. Childs for some time, with triumphandasanotabTe %££?%*£ a view of adding to the comfort of his vari- ious employes engaged directly in getting The building was completed ready for -out the newspaper. Several months ago he oecupaucy on the 20th of June tsfi7 a awarded a contract to George F. Payne & was formally opened on tbat dayfTn "the Co. to make alterations according to Diana prepared by Wilson Bros. & Co., the Read¬ Erdonarnyoftheleadiug -«•'2: ing Terminal engineers. -,- . ... Ap » »* • . It was covered with ornamentally cut M The building was erected on substantial slate and added greatly to the solid and, A foundation walls, laid with the best stone symmetrical appearance ol the building. i jn hydraulic cement and_mortar, and on this The central dome was ornamented^ by a basis granite and iron 'were piled to the splendid design in bvown stone by Bailly. 1 evol of the sidewalk. Brown stone was This ornament alone weighed 25 tons. It ajd above to a height of five stories, with was in the form of a half circle, the interior „%»ansaTd roof for a distance of 84 feet on faco including the cornice, and was fourteen Chestnut street and 165 on Sixth street. feet long at the base and seven feet high in The divisions between the windows were the centre. marked above the first story by a series of On the face of the pedestal was an in¬ brownstone piers or pilasters. Between! scription : “ 1836, Public Ledges, 1866. each story the ornamentation in stone was The roof was ornamented in various other simple and chaste, consisting mainly of ways by observation towers, flag stalls, arches over the heads of the windows, with! vanes, gilt balls and lightning rods, and was carved keystones and cornice, frieze and a popular place for visitors who came to in¬ architrave, as a relief to what might other¬ spect the building and obtain a bird s-eye wise be the monotony of 116 windows above1 view of surrounding buildings, and, m tact, the first story on Sixth street, and 56 win¬ the whole city. dows on Chestnut street. Ground Plan of the Building. In the middle of the Sixth streot front The building, as constructed, was in the there was a slight projection, running the form of the letter E, the long upright of the height of the elevation. The first story letter being represented by the Sixth street was composed of heavy wrought iron col - i front, which enabled the architect to make umns, painted and sanded in imitation of allowance for stores on Chestnut and Sixth brownstone, supporting the stone work streets, for offices for lawyers and others on above. One hundred and sixty-seven tons the second floor and for the Ledger uses on of iron were used in these columns. the floors above, as well as for open spaces There were forty-two in all, which gave for light wells, purposes of ventilatiou and forty-one openings for the doors and win¬ fire escapes. .... , . dows for the first-story on the main front. Some of the wells extended through to The doors and windows in the stores on the basement, thus giving light and ven¬ Chestnut streat, which were first occupied tilation to the press room.. The most at-( by A. T. Stewart & Co., of New York, and tractive part of the first floor was that oil Cadbury, ithoads & Thomas, of Philadel¬ the corner, which was reserved for the pub¬ phia, were provided with wrought iron lication or business office of the paper. rolling shutters, which weighed about 28,- This room extented twenty-three feet along 400 pounds. Chestnut street, sixty feet along Sixth Features of Ornamentation. street, and was nearly sixteen leet to the The coat of-arms of Pennsylvania, carved! in light Brunswick stone and designed by ^InUie matter of delicate joinery work ■ Bailly, the sculptor, at Struthers & Sons’, i and general finish it was the superior or was placed over the main doorway of the any office of the kind in the country, and was Ssxth street front, about the centre of the equalled only perhaps by the architectural building. The design was eight feet long finish of some of the baronial castles and five feet high, and the horses were half abroad. Sides and ceiling wer? a mass ot the natural size. On the base a band con¬ dark walnut aud butternut wood, and di¬ tained the inscription “ Public Ledges,” vided into numerous large panels withj and also the monogram “ G. W. C.” heavy mouldings and cornice. , , It was counted a rare and skillful piece The floor was covered with tessclated: of workmanship. On the corner of Sixth marble, The publication office was divided and Chestnut streets was placed a stone up into rooms for the cashier and the clerks, column, 2 feet 6 inches in diameter and 18 aud in the lower end of it was located the feet high, on which was erected a magnifi¬ private office of Mr. Childs. cent statute of Franklin cut from Bruns¬ The press room, in the basement, was wick stone. . always an attractive room for visitors, it The figure was 10 feet 6 inches high, and was considered one of the finest °(_. 5 the face was pronounced by good judges to kind. It was L shaped, aoout 46 fee„ wide be the best likeness of the great philosopher- and 146 feet deep. .... printer ever carved in stone. In designing The other important parts oi the building the statue, Bailly used a portrait of Frank¬ wore the editorial aud reportorial rooms, lin painted in Paris by Duplessis, the cele¬ which were elaborately finished m bard brated miniature painter. wood on the third and fourth floors; the The top of the statue extendod to the composing room aud stereotype foundry, ou third story floor, and an arrangement was the fifth floor, and the job print office, made by means of which, at night, gas light which, up until a few years ago, occupied a was emitted from the four prongs of the part of the third floor. _ lightning rod which Franklin held in his The details of construction inciudod con¬ baud. At the base of the column were two venient accessibility to ali the offices, a ornate white marble drinking fountains for thorough water supply, aud all of the other the accommodation of the pnolic. Each conveniences which wei-e known and ap was in the form of a lion’s head, elabor proved in the building world a quarter of a ateiy caived. century ago. The Boof and Domes. The mansard voof addition to the build- ina greatly incieased^be architectural effect oAhe structure. The roof commenced at an elevation of 60 feet from the pavement, and the line was marked by an elaborate stone cornice of original design. Its aver¬ age height above the pnrnice was 12 feet, but it was made more attractivij by an ar¬ rangement of domes at the corners, extend¬ ing 15 feet above the cornice. it was from the front the appearance is quite a tive and imposing. A portico extending, the length of the house, supported by four li fluted columns, reaches above the second floor windows on a level with the sloping roof, and to the sides of the house are, bay windows of dressed sfoue, from the old Falls of Schuylkill granite quarry.

This tine mansion was erected by and was the residence for many years of Governor Thomas Mifflin. Governor Mifflin was born in Philadelphia in 1744. His interest in pub¬ lic affairs began while he was still a young man. In 1765 he signed the famous non-im¬ portation agreement opposing the stamp act, in 1772 he was chosen one of the two Repre¬ sentatives of Philadelphia in the Assembly and was continued until 1776. He was a delegate to the Colonial Congress of 1774 that met in Carpenter’s Hall and iu 1775 he was appointed colonel and adjutant general of the Continental army; a year later he was | raised to the rank of brigadier general and in 1777 to major geueral. In the latter part of il777 he resigned his position in the army and ’was chosen a member of the Board of War. i In 1780 he again engaged in mercantile pur¬ suits. He was a member of Congress from 1782 to 1783, serving as President during the latter year. From 1785 to 1788 he was Speaker of the Assembly, after which period he held several other public offices and in 1790 was elected the first Governor of the State of Pennsylvania under the Constitu¬ GOVERNOR MIFFLIN. tion. He held the post of Governor until 1799, when he was elected a member of the Legislature, serving the public in that ca¬ THE MIFFLIN MANSION pacity until his death in January of 1800. Mifflin was a brilliant speaker and during the dark days of the Revolution, by his ad¬ THE OLD HOUSE ON RIDGE ROAD TO BE dresses through the State, he did noble work DEMOLISHED. in stirring the patriot heart and bringing for¬ ward new recruits for the army. Unfortu¬ nately for his reputation he associated with A COLONIAL LANDMARK GOING Gates and Conway and his name comes down to us as one who sought to remove Washing¬ 1 - ton from the command of the army. He has History and Associations of a Venerable left on record a solemn protest that his acts Place to Which Washington Was a Visitor j were dictated by the purest patriotism. It is j likely, however, that his jealousy was aroused and Which Should Have Been Preserved and that through it he was led into serious as a Park by the City. error, of which he afterwards repented. The war closed while Mifflin was President of Congress and Washington resigned his com¬ The famous old Mifflin mansion, at the mission personally to Mifflin, whose reply to Falls of Schuylkill, has just been sold the few" words uttered by Washington was for $35,000 to the well-known builder, dignified and elegant and showed no trace of Ex-Councilman William F. Albrecht. The bitterness or jealousy. What his true senti¬ ments regarding the General may have been old Mifflin house stands on the summit it is impossible to determine, but Washington of a small hillock which extends back from harbored no ill-feeling towards him. Ridge road, below James street. For many On several occasions after the Revolution years it belonged to the estate of the late Washington was Mifflin’s guest at the old John Stein, and was disposed of by Mrs. house at the Falls of Schuylkill. Robert Stein and her son Henry. The property has Morris, Benjamin Franklin and other patriots of the Revolution were also accustomed to a frontage of about 200 feet and extends in ride out there from the city, and after break¬ depth about the same distance to Frederick fasting with Mifflin they would drive down street. It is a three-story stone building in to the “Old Robin Hood Tavern,” turndown the Colonial style. Although built previous the winding lane, cross the Schuylkill by to the Revolutionary war, it is still suhstau-'' fording the stream, and then proceed to the tial, showing but few signs of its age and re¬ residence of Judge Peters at Belmont. Jacob Hiltzheimer, in his interesting duiry, maining, in outward appearance, at least, as THE MANSION. also records many journeys, to this and furnishes us with accounts of some his¬ who disposed of it in 1852 to Samuel ,r, toric dinners held there, when such men as penny for$3,500. Winpennyheld itforasht Samuel Morris, Clemeut Biddle, Andrew time and then sold it at an advance of < Hamilton, Samuel Meredith, Timothy Mat- hundred per cent, to Bergdoll & Psotta. T lack, Mr. Whittington and Timothy Titter¬ hrm built a brewery on the property, 1 ing were present and partook unsparingly of shortly after soid it to Hildebrand & Ste home-brewed punch and well-roasted beef. Soon after this sale Mr. Hildebrand droppv,u Subsequently to Governor Mifflin’s owner- j dead of enlargement ol the heart one evening shin tto t-1 --v...- - : in the bar room, for which purpose one of the possession of the late Algernon Huberts, rooms on the lower floor of the mansion wa father of Percival Roberts, Sr., of the Pcn- at that time used, and Mr. Stein eoyd Works, who gave the place the name of . became the sole owner of the land, Fountain Park, and it was famous in its day property has been during the course for its deer parks and fountains. A deer was years considerably reduced in size. Prior caught on a high piece of ground a short dis¬ Mr. Stein’s death he soid a considerable I tance (roin the property some years ago, and amount of the land, including a large dam I in consequence this knoll has ever since been above the railroad, to John Dobson. Since- pointed out as the last place in this part of bis death another large strip including all of Pennsylvania where wild deer was known to the James street front and part of Ridge1 have been captured. Asa matter of fact the avenue was sold to Henry J. Becker, who: deer was one which had managed to get out erected row's of stores and dwellings there, of a high picket enclosure arouud Mr. Rob¬ and a strip frontiug on Midvale avenue was erts’ property and had run along the old turn¬ sold to James Brw, who built a row of three-1 pike and down to the woods, and here it was story dwellings upon it. caught sight of by Michael Brehil, a hostler It is really a great pity that all our interesting , at a Falls of Schuylkill Hotel, who rau to the and historic colonial mansions should be torn j stable, gathered a quantity of oats in his hat down and destroyed. Such seems to be i and hurried after the deer. The animal, see¬ fate, while no effort is even made to ma.„. ing the oats, readily came to him and ate tkeisr site. In time to come this wholesale 1 from tli hat, when the hostler put his hand¬ vandalism will be regretted. _' kerchief around his neck and led the deer back to the park.

Andrew' McMakin, well knotvn to Phila¬ delphia journalists, also at one time owned the property. During his proprietorship the mansion was many times visited by such well-known writers as Robert E. Conrad, Morton McMichael, Richard Penn Smith and P. F. Freas, of the Germantown Telegraph. After Mr. McMaekin had sold the property James street was opened up through the lower portion, leaving the porter’s lodge on -ej, ,/// the corner of the two thoroughfares. The nest owner was a Mr. O'Brien, who after a "ears sold the property to James Spencer, ft air* for thevariousandgrowingneedsof carry ontheworkoflheimprovement I stationandofcourse,bymanyotherby¬ Park, however,nomentionismadeofany pair mountPark.Intheirspecifications Councils largeadditionalappropriationsto entrances, unlesssuchimprovementsare contemplated improvementatthePark East andWestParkwithstone.Allthese re-surfacing theroastsanddrivesinold is anincreaseof$100,000overthesum this purpose$150,000basbeenasked.This included intherequestfor“money I entrance.Althoughthisis.literallytrue, l 0fthebeautificationofentranceshas improvements arenodoubtneeded,bntit propriated hasannuallybeenexpendedin The greaterportionofthemoneythusap¬ Beautiful astheParkhasbeen I jsatthesametimeadmittedthatthere make someefforttowardbeautifyingand entrances. making attractivetotheeyemainPark certainly seemsanoversightthepartof ■works ofapermanentcharacter.”For Thirty-fourth, FortiethandForty-second Columbia Avenue.DiamondDauphin Avenue, Poplar the ParkCommissionersthattheydonot bej enteredatGreenStreet,Fairraount £et ’FallsofSchuylkill.Wissabickon roads andstreets.ThelistofParken¬ Streets BelmontAvenue,Fifty-second usually appropriatedforthispurpose. an argumentagainstthebeautificationof trances isalongoneandhasbeenusedas iGreen Street,GirardAvenue.Columbia I Avenue.DiamondStreet.DauphinStreet any oneoftheentrances,asithasbeen■ stated morethanonce,whenthequestion been raised,thattheParkhasnoonegreat ar9 butthreeorfourentrancestotheParle that areextensivelypatronizednamely and Belmont*Avenue,butofalltheseen¬ trances theonewhichhasforyearsbeen most generallyusedisGreenStreet. 1 asbeenmadetowardsthe beautification or marking,infactmaking attractive ieatranoe andalsoof Green-Street. At in anvway.anyofourPark entrances. revealed thefactthatnoeffort whatever i!th theletters“F.P.” carved thereon indicate theentrance. p tDauphinStreetfoursmall marbleposts The ParkCommissionerslatelyaskedof from anartistic aswellnaturalpaintof ter cftravel. Nothing whatevermarks ,be entrance. Thesame istreeofBelmont view'end isunworthy ofsoimportantacen¬ . ..,_oftheentranceshas As iswellknown,FairmonntParkcan A visittotheentrancesjustmentioned Columbia Avenue entranceisDeflected STUDIES INTHETJNPICTTTItESQDE. and entrancesremainstudiesintheunpicturesque oipmoapt l^etifk{§k>|pGt:n@e§. Street. GirardAvenue, •iwj for yearstheapproaches to thenorthbytumbledown.bantms.com medicines, whilecoalyardsandlactoneson Green Street.----,, on tl»evirtuesofcertainsoapspatent are alsoplsnteouslyinscribedwithremaihs advertisements; totheeastbuild,.,** spicuously placardedwitha,l To therightisarailroadtrack,bounded particularly unattractiveanddisagreeable varous sidesgotomakeupapicturehard Green Streetentrancehasbeentalkedof almost remarkablethatsomethingbasnot and consideredforyears,and,intact,itis to surpassinthematterofugliness. been donsinthisdirection,fomelime Bussell ThayerpresentedtotheCommittee ago SuperintendentandChiefEngineer on PlansandImprovementsofthePark mont oftheGreenStreetentrance.These Commission threedesignsfortheimprove- figures ofwingedhorsesnowinfront drive,to besurmountedbytbehugebronze granite pedestals,oneoneachsideofthe contemplated theerectionoftwomassive to betwenty-onefeethigh,andtbecom- Memorial Hall.Thepedestalsalonewere plated structurewouldpresentaveryim¬ oblong pedestal.Dearingabronzeshield, posing appearance.Onedesignwasforan being polishedgranitesurface.Tbesecond and havingatthetopafrieze-thodesign design andtbeonewhichSuperintend¬ ing entablatureatthetop.Buttbethird was similarinshape,butbadanoverhang¬ ent favored,wasforaplainGreekoval, the oblongbase. bronze flambeaustandingoneachcornerof made whenthesegroupswereformallypre¬ carrying outtheagreementwhichwas tbe GreenStreetentrancewould011I7be that guardtheportalsofMemorialBallat ■ tbeirposition in frontoftbeOperaBouseit understading thattheyshouldbeplaced rather interestingandworthbrieflyreview¬ the Park.Tbehistoryofthesegroupsis upon suitablepedestalsatthisentranceto sented tothecity,astherewssadistinct ing. tion totbeParkCommission originated was inVienna1870at tbe timethey with RobertGratz.ofPhiladelphia, who were placedinfrontoftheOpera Housein that city,tbeAustrianGovernment having The beautificationandadornmentof them. Whenthegroupswere placedin very unsuitable fortbebuilding,hutat paid 200,000florins,or$80,000 ingold,for same time theVienna press andpublic were was atonce discovered thattheywere unanimous inrecognizing the classic The placingoftbsbronzePegasusgroups Tbe ideaoftbeirpurchaseandpresenta¬ however.the surroundingsare ONCE INVIENNA. at®

S: 113 i EAST FROM THE PARK. beauty, puriiy^of oamne a nu vivacity of movement of these noble groups, and the , - we uoor, neing artist and sculptor, Herr Piltz, deservedly fifteen feet, two inches. Vienna measure received the highest praise. But despite Although the aforesaid groups are destined I the artistic merit ef these groups, the to be melted down, they will be sold for the 1 Austrian Government was at a Icsstokiinw value of the metal on account of' MrJ what to do with them, and it was at last Piltz, the artist and scupltor. The weight of the respective groups (cannon metal 80 decided that they must be sold for old per cent.of copper and 20 per cent, tinl'in- metal and melted down. c udmg screws, etc., amounts to 454 hun-i The groups were only saved from do- dred weight, which at the present ya]U0 o£! struction by Joseph Roblioh, the superin metal is worth 49* florins a hundred tendent of the foundry where the horses weight, making the entire valuation 22 359 were to be melted down. Mr. Roblich ree florins and 50 kreutzers in Austrian naper ognized that such a work cf art as these smrs at 'i>°r ^ SilV8r 17’887 flo"ns.60 kreut¬ bronze horses should not be lost to tL_ zers at the present price of coin, 20 ner world and asked permission cf the Govern¬ cest. premium." ment to allow him to sell them for the cost purchase money found. of the metal. This request was granted and Mr.Robliqb immediately entered into When Mr. Grata received this comm uni- negotiations with Mr. Gratz for their pur- °R.‘?0D rom 'Mr‘ Rohlich he communicated I chase. In writing to Mr. Gratz in regard w.th Henry Stiles, of this city, advocating to the matter, Mr. Roblich, among other be purchase of these groups, and saying^ things, says:— further, he would become one of any num¬ “The two Pegasus groups bad been put ber of gentlemen to buy them and to present on tbe Opera House, but on account of great size were rejected. Both groups are Motile e Fai,mount park Commission. similar in their dimensions, namely twice com mitten 8ppr0viD* of *!>• Plan, formed a, full length. The horse, from tbe crown of committee composed of Henry Stiles, | /

r~entrance. ‘ ' * sition infrontofMemorialHall.More Street entrance,proposedbyGeneral pedestals. scribers willlikelybeengraveduponthe they wereoriginallyintended,andwhen them toGreenStreetentrance,forwhich than oneefforthasbeenmadetoremove this isdonethenamesoforiginalsub. whea theywereplacedintheirpresentpo¬ Tbpver andsubmittedtotheCommitteejm^ Commission wasamodelofRomanDoric Plans andImprovementsofthePark mi Colonnade, withsisflutedcolumnsateach J completedtheystartedoutandproved I tosubscribe$500each.Whenthelistwas , thirtygentlemenwhomtheythoughtlikely | CharlesS.Keyser.JamesH.Castleand !offered twicethesumpaidforthemto for aboutfive,yearsuntiltheCentennial, Commissioners,who placedthemupontheir grounds atBelmont,wheretheyremained ica fromTriesteandcamedirectlytothe protests thehorseswereshippedtoAmer¬ like thedogiamanger,alsodesired port ofPhiladelphia. to havethemagain,butdespiteallthese villa. ThedirectorsoftheOperaHouse, place thegroupsatentrancetobis their shipmentPrinceScbwartzenberg had beenformallypurchased.Justbefore remarkably goodcanvassers,aswithin committee wastosecurethenamesof Frederick Graff.Thefirstmoveofthis Apotber planfortheadornmentofGreen The groupswerehandedovertothePark PROPOSED CLASSICENTRANCES. COLUMBIA AVENUE $ & estimated costis$15,000.TheplaDSshow drive. Accordingtothespecifications,they surmounted bytheheroicsizedgroupsof wide, and28feetlong,alsoweretoba that they,weretobe23ifeethigh,18 were tobebuiltofwhitemarble,aDdthe a planferthebeautificationofGreen Pegasus. adorning thedrivewayfromGreenStreet Street entrance.Theyhadtheideaof Branch, alsoatonetimecamaforwardwith entrance somelittledistanceinthePark with bust3offamousmen,andforyears ©f anarchacrosstheentrance,whichinits past theyhavecontemplatedtheerection jof thefourcorners.Theideawastohave J. Drexel,GeorgeW.Childs,HenryC. Alfred D.Jessup,Anapaoh&Stanton,A. Grutz, A.E.Borie,'JohnF.Smith,'M.W. sary. late daytheAustrianGovernment,having Gibsan, JayCooke&Co.,E.W.Clark Eogers, GeorgeBullock,R.I).Wood&Co., Gillingham Fell,ThomasSparks.Fairman Baldwin’s estate,WilliamWeightmaa,J. week theybadgatheredthemooeyneces-v beard ofthosale,attemptedtopreventits the bronzeswereboughtatonce.Atthi3 ton &Son,ThomasDolanandM.Laird & Co..J.W.StarrCo.,HamiltonDiss- tion listfor$500arethefollowing:K.H. Co. one oftheseentrancessteachsidethe consummation, buttoolate,asthehorses The FairmountParkArtAssociation,City Among thenamesdownonsubscrip¬ When thepurchaseMoneywasassured, f fcter would resemble the Arch of Tri- a height of ten feet. At tbe height of f< in Paris. ' _ feet tbe column was to be-ringed by a : Still another plan for the beautifichtiorf sive granite bowl, six feet across and fifteen Green Street entrance was tbe erection inches deep, for watering horses. Tbe i the Washington Monument at that loca¬ above tbe water was to be polished anc). ls, Regarding tbe site of which there has bear tbe inscription: “To the memory oj been so much controversy. The . Philadel- Henry Bergh.”

_BBONZE PEGASUS TN -FRONT OF MEMORIAE BALD. _. As the Park-Commissioners acknowle pbia Branch of the Society for tbe Preven¬ therviiCi ew Clinare C%a gILilllgreat manyLUMU J things needed--_ tion of Cruelty to Animals also proposed to Fairmount Park,but nothing at tbe momc erect a monument to tbe memory of Henry demands more attention tbaD the suitable Bergb at this entrance. Tbe design of this adornment and improvement of some of tb i. monument was by William Waterhouse and Park entrances. The conception of an aj shows a heavy granite column with the to the Park is properly,, divisible

DIAMOND ENTRANCE. 1

GrahanPr Few are aware that the generourf o at least two parts,tbe proper entrance, and able publisher who gave employment to the proptr approach to that eatrance, young James Russell Lowell, and whol both of which are lacking at Green Street, awarded the prize for the “Gold Bug” to Kd-J as the present entrance at' that location is gar Allan Poe, and who wrs almost the. first/ ; simply an opening, an accident due to its to pay American authors for their work, j proximity to the streets available at its still living in Orange, New Jersey. But he j first use for access to it: bnt in planning nearly blind, is broken In health and fortune,! and is now an inmate of a hospital, which h« an entrance which shall for all time serve : will never leave alive. He has not acentlol i the purpose of its design, without raising a the world, and at present Is entirely supported (question as to its fitness, you must plan it ! and cared for by a friend in Philadelphia. j {like all other great works of art, so that And so when I say that a number of worthy/ time shall only confirm our present judg¬ i gentlemen in Philadelphia thought they wero ment. That Green Street entrance can be ! going to have a great laugh at the expense of. made to tit into this idea is a fact acknowl¬ Mr. Fletcher Harper, you will see that wa! edged by any one familiar with its sur- had good grounds for our assumption. Th4 I success which finally came to Harper’s Mag- | azine was largely due to the skill, sagaoltyl and energy which Mr. Harper bestowed upon! the publication. That it has since become ol such world-wide celebrity and has reflected so much credit upon the whole world ol American Art and Letters is not at all sur¬ prising. fj We had received some Intimation that suoll a project was In view, but In the face of sued a long line of disasters we felt that Mr. Har3 !t|he pounding op a gbeat per would ultimately abandon his purpose] MAGAZINE. and the concensus of opinion In Philadelphia at that time was that the scheme was doomed to failure. One day, after a trade sale of ! BY GEORGE W. CniliDS, IN “ ART IN AJV books at Cooley

Kr (w#ijcnRw toi^e

GRADUAL DISAPPEARANCE OF THE FAMILIAR FIGURES FROM THE TOBACCONISTS’ STORES.

^Sa-feSnuTTew VmFwiio, in connection with the manufacture of pipes, also < ot\ed cigar store figures'and, ho continued • of our ship carvers here iu this city will get. you one up'to order.

Fifty or sixty years ago the carving of these tobacco signs was a recognized business in this city. One of the principal carvers, as is well known, was William Kush, who after¬ wards became noted as a sculp tor in wood ot considerable ability. Kush’s Pompeys were lifelike, and artistic. As viewed in the days of their prosperity the. cigar store Pompeys formed an interesting and varied character of subjects for study. Tor the most part, these signs were carved out of wood and they varied from life size,_ or even heroic proportions, to plaster ot pans puppets

THE NOBLE RED MAN. Many once familiar devices for advertising have been laid on the shelf forever and have thus become obsolete. Foremost among the recently rejected methods for catching trade is tlie cigar store Indian, at one time the most frequent and conspicuous character or sign in this city, but which has now almost S entirely disappeared and, within a few years, | will he seen no more. ' Wc all know the. carved wooden figuies which have been used for generations as the peculiar and individual sign of the tobacco shop. So familiar in times past has every one become with the cigar store Indian that wo have forgotten to look for them. I hus PUNCH. the majority of pedestrians have failed to or toy dolls. Of all the images dis¬ notice the disappearance of these figures from played in front of our tobacco stores, most of our cigar stores throughout the city. the original, and by far the commonest, was To-dav not one in twenty cigar stoves is so the Indian, a very characteristic and ap¬ designated, while in times past every cigar propriate emblem of the nicotine weed in store, large or small, was decorated with rnosTof its forms. Both sexes of the aborig¬ some character of Pompey. There is not ines were represented, and if you greeted the grim Powhatan at one doorway, you would now in Philadelphia any man. so far as the certainly meet with Pocahontas or Minnehaha writer can determine, who make a business ot before you had gone many steps further; carving these wooden figures. There used to sometimes she was a smiling, slender-limbcd . be a place on Third street, near Walnut Indian maiden, clad as lightly as any nymph/ street, where many of them were turned out, of modern ballet or burlesque, posed in a\ graceful attitude, holding aloft in one hand a but the proprietor of this shop the other day bunch of green tobacco leaves, while with the said: “I have no Indians or Fompeys new other she offered a bunch of prime wooden iu stock, in fact, there is no call for them. r I cigars. Quite the reverse of this fair damsel I was the painted sachem, who was generally ■m-

Aetna ud'tbr thiAcHafeuJer of signs is ij. ,|k •?ir’ i; <■ ,|f # around the corner on a dark night with one entirely from the rural districts or county of these Indians, nervous women have been towns arid this trade is pretty welt supplied frightened into the traditional fits, and over- by the second-hand figures cast oil' from ou stimulated gentlemen sobered, to such an ex¬ city etoros.” tent that they could take the plank walk home. r A mail up 'Third street, who runs a cigar store arid deals in those second-hand, figures, For years the Indian was almost the only when asked the cause of the disappearance of figure employed as a cigar store advertise¬ the Pompcy, said that the reasons were many. ment, hut as time passed on other figures ‘‘In the first plaeafei Porapey was an expen¬ were introduced. Among the first was the sive affair, costing all the way from §25 to negro, or Pompey. The tobacconist’s wooden negro was invariably sculptured after the most extravagant Ethiopian minstrel pattern. He was generally dressed, in a light-blue

§200. A good figure, in fact, could not be bought for much less than §75, and this amount of money was necessarily a serious coat, swallow-tail cut, yellow breeches and expenditure for a man commencing the to¬ top boots, a style not usually affected bv col¬ bacco business in a small way, and the ad-! ored gentleman in real life. His head, if vantages to be. derived from it were in no'' covered at ail, was dignified with a tall, ways proportionate. Then, too, many newj steeple-crowned hat, and as for his collar, devices in the way of advertising have been j 1 nothing so outrageous as his could really invented by our wholesale cigar and tobacco / have been manufactured to, meet an existing dealers, and, as trade was directed to them by 1 ! demand. the wholesalers, the retail men have not feit; . Another ono of these signs to be met with it necessary to expend any large amount of■ / m the old days was the figure of amagnifi- money on individual advertising. Further- I cedt cavalier, made doubtless to represent the more, the Pomneys became so common that / gallant and adventurous bir Walter Raleigh, they entirely lost their individuality and -at:- / of whose disastrous first smoke in England tractiveness and thus failed of their purpose.” | we have read so frequently. Raleigh, as a Several large retail cigar dealers alf gavel carved wooden figure, was plumed and pretty much the same explanations. When! slashed extravagantly and between bis finger one of these-men was asked bow it would be: and thumb he mildly held a cigar. The possible to procure one: of these figures should wooden Turk was another figure often to be a demand arise for it, he replied that there! jfr seen as a symbol of the tobacconist's trade, represented..n+ocl asoc ao musculartvi'.iconlni* savage,crotro o’.”! rrrtfwith n oriian torbaned and slippered and touching the tip exceedingly discontented expression of coun¬ ofaTong pips to Ms Bps. Altogether Ms tenance, the corners of the month being drawn appearance was fierce and imposing. * down to an angle that suggested nothing but the tomahawk which he held poised in the! _ A more curious figure, which is still occa¬ air and the torture he was meditating, that is sionally encountered, hut which in the old ! if you did not step inside and buy " Two for! days was very common, is an obtrusive one Five.” Slake, a purchase and you were ah ' of Punch,” who is kmirialyrepresented of) lowed to pass on. but the sachem was always ready for the next. There was a time when ] rounded proportions and with a malignant small boys would stand and gaze in wonder leer upon his hideous lobster-claw face. The I and fright, at these painted warriors, and traditional wooden Highlander was also often several times, by unexpected encounters | ' seen- He was generally of largo ptojortions | 12

in a, by street Who wanted a viglft n cm. trhich and dad i n the uniform of j$6tae British had bwi rudely snapped off Highland regiment. The mission of this by some scurrilous child of the palefaces, figure was to advertise snufl more than -‘.a and the stern Indian sachem is often lo tobacco in any torn', as the Highlander m lx* seen without a uose,-his features adorned is always furnished with a '*’ Mull ” or Scotch with a coat of surreptitious war' paint com¬ smrtf box. ’lore common, however, than the posed of street mud, but like his prototype oi Highlander as one of these signs.was a carved, the woods and plains, his days ot insult and life-sized image of an English swell of the patient endurance are almost over, as he shall Dundreary type with immense auburn whis¬ ere long pass away to other hunting grounds, kers, with a sclf-complacent. imbecile smile haply in some lumber loft or back yard. 3hd on his florid face. He was generally dad in then there will be none left to care for Logan, a light blue cutaway coat and buth, baggy no, not one. trousers, while upon his head was a shiny These cigar figures are still to be seen only tile and iu one hand he. carried a natty cane j in front of small tobacco shops in old-fask- ioned portions of the city. Some Indians are to be. encountered along Market street, and. there is ono excellent figure of Punch m front of a Chestnut street store. There is a good figure of Brother Jonathan in front ol a cigar store near Third and Walnut and an excellent figure of Dundreary can also be seen outside

THE STYLE IN THf Brother Jonathan must not be overlooked in this mentiou of the tobacconists’ signs. Every one has seen pictures of “Yankee Doodle” as represented in children’s books, ■ and after this pattern Brother Jonathan is | lord dundreary. always costumed. In his hand he usually ■ carries a patent traveling bag upon which is of a tobacco shop iu the same neighborhood. painted the name of a celebrated brand of And so on. . , , cigars to be secured within. Then there is It seems almost a. pity that the cigai stoif the drum major with high bearskin shako on Pouipcv has gone out of style, as-he was s head and a costume which is composed of a characteristic and attractive method of ad brilliant red coat covered by much gold lace, vert-ising and certainly a. great advantagi and blue trousers handed wit h a broad strip of over the swinging sign nuisance of to-day. E. Leslie Gilliams, gold. Poised aloft lrc holds his baton as if as a notice to the public that as .soon as they . step inside the band will commence to play, •• and all, ladies and gentleman, for the small sum of a nickel.” Last, but not least, comes I the forty-niner, clad in a flannel shirt of ' I flaming red. with baggy black trousers stu fled, awistcr Ivnueu&ous cowhide ’boots, on iushead a disreputable slouch hat. In one band ho holds a pick, while the other supports, in bis mouth, a tremendous pipe.

Jh' All of these cigar-store signs are mounted . upon little platforms that run on rollers, so as to be readily moved when required.’ That these figures were objects of derision from jfi'Jjoys in times past is obvious from the. way in ■ which many of thorn existing to-day are (Phnutilated. There was a lovely Pocahontas poof woman a message from the sea. Messrs. The Story of a Philadelphia Fletcher & Gardner admitted at once that 4 « it was oner of numerous articles of jewels and Girl Whose Lover Was plate that had been purchased from M. Perron,'No. 66 Water street. MrS. Gardner la Pirate Captain. got the ring and the matter was hushed up, hut the jewelers declined to do business in future with M. Perron, and his BY P. D. HAYWOOD compatriots, such as Mr. Louis Clapier, passed him by with a pointed absence of recognition —and people did not hesitate to say that he had been acting for years as agent for the No young Philadelphian, looking at Lom¬ AVest India picaroons and disposing of their bard street, below Third, would suppose that plunder. Then, as now, justice was harsh 60 years ago it was one of the fashionable fau¬ and uncompromising to small offenders, while bourgs of the city, an offshoot of Quality Hill, big ones escaped altogether. At this time Front and Pine, where the most select of our there were firms, in Philadelphia of unim¬ peachable credit and respectability that fitted commercial magnates dwelt—and our mer¬ out slavers at Havana and made much money chants were magnates m those days—Louis out of this terrible traffic. Perron was per¬ Clapier could stand on the hill at the foot of haps as honest as Stephen Girard, who was . Lombard street and see five of his own ships once warned that if he continued to supply sailing stately up the river. Every square- Columbian privateers commanded by such ruffians as Harry McCabe, Abel Thomas and I rigged vessel was known to the city boys and Captain Breed, with munitions of war, the! the news that the Condorcit or Voltaire was government would bring him to account. It coming in brought them all to the wharves. I is a part of sea history that one of his vessels There wefe no tugboats and ships used to go engaged in this traffic, the Osprey, was the past the city under jib, main, topsails and brig on which the hapless Eoger Tichborne spanker. It took rare seamanship to do this left Chili. She was never heard of again. I and the Dela ware Bay mariners regarded Perron found his business shrinking at a themselves as first in the profession, speaking rate that made bankruptcy in the near future scornfully of Yankees as “spouters” and more than probable. He was sitting in his “clam-diggers.” dingy office one raw day in October, 1829, At this time we had a larger proportion of very disconsolate, when the door opened and! foreign merchants than now. Both French in stepped a tall gentleman dressed in thej ■ and Spanish dealers were engaged in trade fashion of the time, a dark green coat with! and much respected for their probity and cor¬ wide skirts and high rolling collar, em-1 1 rect business habits. Among them M. Auguste broidered vest with deep lapels, tight fitting | Perron was at one time prominent. He had pantaloons and Hussar hoots. With easy and come here about 1800 and was a refugee from rather contemptuous assurance he addressed St. Domingo, although a Frenchman by birth. the Frenchman in his own tongue: He lived at No. 37 Lombard street, and his “My dear Monsieur Perrou, delighted to neighbors were all well-to-do people, mostly see you. I have the honor to bring you a connected with shipping. Monsieur Perron' letter from a mutual friend which will ex¬ plain my presence here. I will wait till you j was ostensibly a West Indian merchant, and < have, read it.” Then the stranger dropped had undoubtedly in his little 8 by 10 office on into a chair and looked about him. South Water street many samples of Colonial Perron was a sturdy-built little fellow, who \ ;produce, hut as he always filled any orders he looked as if born without nerves, but hist might have through other houses his neigh¬ hand shook perceptibly as he read the letter, • and his voice trembled as he spoke: bors regarded his business in this line as “Captain Bevel, I am charmed to makel neither extensive nor profitable. He did re¬ your acquaintance; say how I can serve you.” , ceive consignments from the islands occa¬ The visitor was not an ordinary looking sionally, but no samples of these were ever I person. He was evidently a powerful man, offered in open market, and as they were gen-; despite his fashionable attire, but there was I erally brought ashore by dark-visaged men something nautical in his looks, his face hadj evidently been tanned by tropic suns, and with rings in their ears, in small bundles, it although the features were good there was is fair to believe that the formality of passing something repellent about his gray green them through the Custom House was omitted. eyes. Cold as ice, when seen through the M. Perron’s credit had been badly shaken in half-veiled lids* when suddenly opened they the commercial world by something that had gave you the startling impression that you saw happened a year befbre, and an account of another man. The. thin lips smiled, but the this may throw some light on the character of evil eyes never. Along, livid seam that ran his business. from the check hone into the hair, was an in¬ timation that the captain had seen service in Mrs. Abner Gardner, wife of Captain his time. Gardner, of Salem, Mass., looking into the He regarded Perron with a long stare and said : “My friend, you are, of course, aware window of Fletcher & Gardner, 130 Chesnut that our business south of the Gulf has been street, then the leading jewelers here, and annihilated. There is no longer any profit in was shocked to see therein displayed a hand¬ it. So I have quit the service for good. I some sapphire ring which she had last seen bring with me $*10,000, and with this a strong! on the finger of her husband when he sailed arm and a stout heart one should at least from this port in the bark Venice nearly eigh¬ make a living ashore. Our friend assures me j that you are. trustworthy. 1 will make it your teen months before for Pernambuco. No in¬ interest to serve me. Frankly, that is the only telligence had since come to her as to his basis of confidence I accept. I will see you fate* and she had given him up for lost. here to-morrow, aDd wc will confer together. No wonder, then, that this ring was to the j ■So adieu for the •, . Perron rcaummmmL, ana. rdfead the letter, ,J-and I up certain Hills otherwise unprovided for. murmured to himself: ‘‘Mon Dieu, if he For tho next two weeks Ravel was a daily should be recognized by some of these smart visitor to the house, aud Julie could not mis¬ Yankee captains, lie is lost, and my ruin take his attentions. Her marked indifference would follow. I wish the ruffian had never at times seemed to anger the man aud the came here.” - - seam on his face grew red, and his eyes lit up with an expression that was appalling. He M. Perron’s family consisted of two daugh¬ said little .about himself, but explained his ters, the elder Herminie, a pale girl in very familiarity with English, which he spoko delicate health, while the younger, Julie, was better than French, by saying that his youth a glorious beauty of the Sothern type, full of , was spent in England. life and vigor. She had been educated at At length the crisis came. One day Perron called his daughter into his room, carefully Madame Chantal’s, on Spruce street. Not the closed the door and said: “My daughter, I least of her charms was a very sweet voice, I have something to say to you. My affairs are that gave to her Creole English, a. melody in such a condition that I can escape ruin contrasting strongly with that shrill nasal only through you.” Poor Julie’s heart stood dissonance with which so many American I still. girls speak the vernacular. ‘ ‘ Captain Ravel wishes to make you his Perron loved his daughters as much as he wife. He is an honorable gentleman, rich could anything that it was not possible to and highly respected, and he will assist me turn into money, but he was master in his as your husband, but not otherwise. You own household, as most Frenchmen are owe me the obedience due a parent, and will, where there is no mother about, and the girls no doubt, meet my wishes. Captain Ravel were somewhat afraid of him. But Julie had will speak to you to-day.” Her father’s man¬ made up her mind that in one regard she ner was stern and menacing, and he seemed would be her owu mistress—no authority, to think that no decision was necessary. All parental or otherwise, would make her mar- j of Julie’s courage evaporated and without a ■ ry other than the man she loved; and old word she left the room. I Perron would have gone out of his senses The captain did speak and with an air that had he known that his younger daughter had indicated no expectation of a repulse. “He I made up her mind who that man was to be. would do his best to make Miss Julie happy, Miss Julie had one bosom friend, Ellen - and they would spend their honeymoon in j Hardy, the daughter of Captain Hardy, an England, where he had relatives who would \ Englishman, who ruled his household from be delighted to welcome a bride so beautiful.” the quarter-deck and swore at Helen for hav- The girl had regained her courage, and after j ing anythingto do with “ them French Scava- speaking of her father’s commands, said mouches.” But Helen had a brother Frank, firmly that before taking so important a step a stalwart, resolute fellow of 22, who was mate she would need a week for deliberation. in one of his father’s ships, and had for the Ravel scowled and said: “Well, a week; last ten years adored Julie Perron. When a no longer. Pardon a lover’s impatience. (schoolgirl it used to amuse Julie while com- That will enable us to have the ceremony iug home to see Frank, a great broad-shoul¬ on Christmas Day^-a happy omen for our dered boy, following her from the other side future.” J of the street, and he, in his heart, used to | wish that some big fellow, a regular haul- Two days before this Frank Hardy had re¬ ; bowline-man-o’-war sailor, would say some- turned from Havana, and was posted by his j thing to Miss Julie, and Frank was sure that | sister, who was in daily communication with j not for money would he spare that warrior’s Julie Perron. Helen received her brother’s life. Julie was teaching music, and as her ! proposition to start out at once and make father’s fortunes waned her labors greatly ' smithereens of the captain with scornful | sustained the family finances. Although she levity. j and Frank did not often meet, both under¬ I “ Go away, you great donkey. You’ll spoil stood that their future would not be sepa¬ everything. Let us women manage our own rated. affairs.” In the meantime the captain, sauntering One day Julio was called into the parlor down the street humming a tune, was some- and found there her father and a tall gentle¬ j what disturbed by meeting a broad-shouldered ! young fellow, with big brown eyes, who man dressed ‘‘ala mode,” and to him she . scowled at him ferociously, causing the cap¬ was formally introduced. His name was tain to slip his hand under his coat tails, where Ravel. His manner was exceedingly off-hand, his pistols rested, but Frank Hardy restrained as if he were in the society of inferiors, and j his desire “ to break the infernal Picaroon’s after one look at his cold glassy eyes the neck,” and passed on. Other eyes were girl conceived a hearty aversion to her watching the captain, however, and in certain quarters he was an object of much interest. ; father’s friend. He was evidently impressed It was evident to Julie that both her father by her appearance, and at once put on an air and Ravel took it for granted that the be¬ of familiarity that made Julie very angry, trothal ceremony, as is usual in French fami¬ hut there was another sentiment that moved lies, would he celebrated on Christmas Day, her as strongly, and that was fear. Wrho was hut she did not seem disturbed and gave i this associate of her father’s, what was his Sophy, the black cook, necessary directions character and business ? She knew something for the dinner. of his affairs, and her heart heat with appre¬ About 10 on Christmas morning the captain hension lest this deadly-looking stranger made his appearance at the Perron mansion^ might be one of those lawless adventurers most gorgeously dressed in a laced cravat who had already got him into trouble, nor and claret-colored dress coat, much license in was her father’s manner reassuring. He colors being permitted gentlemen in those seemed afraid of his guest, and addressed him days. “Miss Julie is dressing and will he with a deprecating air, very different from his down in a short time,” said Perron as in a usual bluff, off-hand habit. | rather excited manner, he bustled about re- ! ceiving the few guests he had invited. Pen-on had profited in some way by the The table was being set when Perron or¬ captain’s coming, as he was enabled to take dered the servant to call Miss Julie. Back '. 31 ' - "iFvr ~ 8110 came. , . ,, on Tombstones. “Bless the Lord, Miche Perron, she ain’t in her room She done lef’ the house.’’ f The captain made one step, placing his HE fourth annual service hack against the door. “See here, by G !” of the Pennsylvania So- j he said, “ if you play me false, you hound, j eiety of Eons of the Revo- \ I’ll have your—’’ Before he could conclude lution held at old Saint the door was driven open with a force that Peter’s Church, Third and hurled Ravebflat on the table, crashing the Pine Streets, several Sun¬ china and vases. Before he could recover a days ago, serves to recall | strong hand was laid on his collar. ^ “ The many historic incidents; game’s up, McCormick. I am United States that have happened be- fr Marshal for the Eastern district of Pennsyl¬ aeatb the roof of this old i> vania, and I arrest you for piracy and murder; edifice. After a review off them no one can but ac¬ on‘the high seas.” Behind John Conard, the Marshal, were: knowledge Ibat the society! four powerful man-o’ -war sailors fully armed. did well to recognize the historic and Revo- | The prisoner grasped for his pistols, hut was lationary memories of the edifice which is t handled roughly and in irons in a second. He really the only old church in the city re- h spoke not a word, hut the look he gave his tainiug practically the same interior ap- , captors was deadly. pearauca as it bad when President Wash¬ Yes, ‘ ‘ Captain Ravel ’ ’ was Bart McCormick, ington sat in its old square, high-backed | wanted for the last ten years for more cruel¬ pews on Sabbath mornings. 1 ties and murders than could he counted on St. Peter’s was the second church the fingers of; both hands. As captain of the building erected by communicants of the ( patriot privateer Pluto he had shed blood like Protestant Episcopal Cburcb in Pbiiadel-, water, and now his time was come. Commo¬ phis. As the population of the Quaker! dore David Porter had driven him out of the City enlarged the accommodations of Christ j Gulf, and this brought him to Philadelphia. Church became inadequate for jjscongrega- [ He was giveu up to the British authorities, tion.and as early as 1753 a request was as he was sulyect to their jurisdiction, and a made to the vestry of Christ Cburcb to j month after was hanging of!' “Gallows Point,” build aaother cburcb in the lower part of the city. At that period, and for a Jong I Jamaica. Julie married Frank Hardy Christmas Day time after, the best residences of the city ’ and ho took her home, where she was made ware between Second Street and the Dela- j welcomd by the family—the old Turk of a ■ware, as many of the leading merchant | father being away in Java, Herminie died princes lived on south Front Street *Dd . shortly after, and old Perron gathering what some on Swanson and Water Streets. In property he could sailed for Porto Rico, and '1753 the first steps towardj building the . these facts justified the boys fifty years ago in new church were taken, when the vestry pointing out his house as the former resi- appointed a committee, of which Dr. John deneo of “Captain William Kidd.”j Kersley was an active member,to superin- 1 tend the erection of the edifies. THE F1EST SEP.VJOES. A let at Third aDd Pine Streets was granted for the purpose by the Penn family, j | , (?a^. and this was afterward enlarged by subse- i quent purchases of ground for the grave¬ yard. In 1761 the church was finished,and j opeued for the first service on September 4 of that year. The sermon was preached byi Rev.William Smith, D.D., provost of the University. It was named Saint Peter's after its completion. It was ninety feet in length and sixty feet in width, with no spire, but surmouuted by a small cu¬ pola^ and Christ Church gavs it two small | bells which nad been used before they secured a chime. One of these bells is now at Christ Cburcb Hsspital. The spire of St. Peter’s Church was not erected until Washington Was a Frequen 1842. when a fine chime of bells of unusually sweet tone were presented to the parish by Benjamin C. Wilcocks. Worshiper There and It St. Peter’s cost £3310, and much of the money used in its erection waa raised by Retains Historic means of lotteries, which were not looked upon with such disfavor by good church Memories. people in days of yore as they are at present. The pulpit desk and cbaucel rail were bnilt in 1764,and the present organ loft was put up over the chancel in 1787. One OFFSHOOT OF CHRIST CHURCH. of the peculiarities about the church is that tbe cnaucel is in one end of the build¬ ing and the pulpit in the other, thus it has always been the custom for the clergy¬ man in charge to proceed, during tbe The Historic Error of Judgment Into) singing of She liyron before the sermon, Which Rev. Dr. Duehe, the Sec¬ from tbe chancel to tbe pulpit along tbe middle aisle, the verger leading tbe way. | ond Pastcp, Was Led by His j At first Saint Peter’s and Christ Church were known as one psrish. Tbe first rec¬ T^nidity—Great Names i tor of Saint Peter’s was Dr. Robert Jsnning, ST. PETER'S LOOKING WEST PROM THIRD AND PINE STREETS. who only'served' four months when be was ing out hi‘s error and beseeching him in succeeded by the noted Eev. Jacob Ducbe, brotherly love to make some amends for wbo was for many years its reofor. his act. At tbe moment, however, the clergyman failed to do tbis and. not long TIMID DR. DUCHE. afterward be eailed to England, where be Dr..Duche was a timid, amiable, accom¬ remained for some time, becoming chap¬ plished man, whose life was crowned by lain in an orphan asvlnin. an error in judgment. It will be remem¬ bered that liuche was the clergyman wbo at CHASTENED BY EXILE. first espoused the patriot cause and was, After ibs war of the Revolution he de¬ on September 7, 1774, made chaplain of sired to return to his native country and the Colonial Congress. He also served in addressed a letter to Washington begging that capacity to the Congress of 1775. and bis forgiveness, Hig friends, however, ad¬ was appointed chaplain of the Continental vised bim to remain on tbe other side un¬ Congress July 8, 1776. He, however, til some of the bitter feelings against tbe served this body but a few weeks when he tendered bis resignation to John Hancock. Tories and the mother country had been It was at a very gloomy period of the toned down and softened by years in the Revolution and it is said that strong Eng¬ breasts of the olonists. He accepted this lish influences were brought to bear on advice, but several years before bis death, Duche to cause him to take this actian. which occurred on January 3, 1798, he As soon os tbe British entered the city returned to Philadelphia, and it is said no be pulled down his colors, and on the fol¬ truer American could have been found iD lowing Sunday commenced again prayers the Quaker City at the time of his decease. for tbe King. Tbis prompt action, how¬ His remains are interred in tbe old grave¬ ever, did do! save bim, as be was arrested yard attached to Saint Peter’s Church. Tbe upon leaving tbe church. slab marking hig grave is on the outside of His friend among the Tories interceded the eastern wall of the building. with Howe in bis Debslf and be was liber¬ In 1832 Christ Church and Saint Peter’s ated the next day. Shortly after this he became distinct and repa-ata corporations, addressed a letter to Washington, begging Bishop White being rector of each. Upon ' tbe Commandey-in-Chief to turn traitor to the death of Bishop Wbit8 July 13, 1836, his country and the cause of independence. Dr. William H.Delancey, who was after¬ Ducbe married the daughter of Thomas ward consecrated Biebcp of New York,was Hopkinson, and it can well be imagined chosen rector of SaiDt Peter’s. wb»t Francis Hopkinson’s feelings were Previous to that time he had been an as¬ when the contents of tbis letter were made sistant minister in tbe united parishes. known to him. He_wrote to Dncbe, point¬ Rev. William HiOdenbeimer.wbo bad been DECATUR MONUMENT. Li. j;.,S§L n , — [CE1irch JJospitaTTs underDEe Joint trustee¬ assistant to I)r. Delahcey for a short time, succeeded him as rector. He was one of ship of Christ Church and Saint Peter’s the most iaborious of parish pastors, and Church. Tbe rectory of Saiat Peter’s among other innovations he introduced Church is at 1717 Pine Street. daily prayers at Saint Peter’s. The church The present church wardens are: George thus has ifae distinction of being the first ar

A LOOK IN AT THE BIRDS AND BEASTS, A GLANCE AT ' SNOWY SCENES AND A CHAT WITH MR. BYRNE.

| ignorance! The average visitors do not it The gatekeeper had just arrived and the spect the butcher shop, where every wee animals had hardly finished their morning four or five healthy horses are slaughtered 1 toilet the other day as a reporter alighted be fed to the wild, restless and occasional! from a Girard avenue car and passed through uproarious beasts in the lion and tiger hous the entrance to the Zoological Gardens. He nor do they know that close by the| was the first visitor of the day and . conse¬ butcher shop there are pigeon, roos quently had an opportunity of making a'n and rabbit hutches that contain tt inspection of the animals with no one in sight feathered and furred victims for the be save Head-keeper Byrne, who has more constrictors and the other snakes in the re thoroughly identified himself with our Zoo tile house. “Few visitors to the Garden and its attractions than any other attache, if j said. Head-keeper Byrne, “know where' we except Superintendent Brown. food comes from that we supply to the r niverous animals. The majority presr perhaps it is well that they do, that we pu chase worn-out street car horses, or other < ablecl animals. Such, hoivever, is not case, as the horses we buy must be health and in a fair condition. Our slaugl"1" house is situated in the rear of the elepl house and there a regular butcher is ployed. He has been killing horses for man i years and is an artist in his trade. I hav known him to blindfold a horse, kill it by ; blow on the frontal bone and prepare a r~ cass in thirty minutes. _ The most ten and juicy portions are cut into steaks for aristocrats and epicures among the v beasts, while the surplus is.stored in large 1 : frigerators to be used as desired. .The portions, as selected for the different < orous animals, are as follows: HEAD-KEEPER BYRNE. •' The lions are fed on the dorsal portions < thorax, the upper portions of the chest. T’ There aTe a number of sights in the Garden ‘ tigers are fond of the scapula and humerus of the Zoo of which the general public is in lower part of the thorax. The leopards .4 x _jp«~ gawy ...... iaaMBfflflr: arebsureYo ask. X evade thequestiori for, in ccivo region or anterior ofthe nine cases out of ten, if I told them they back. The wolves, bqars, panthers, hyenas, ■ would threaten me with tbe Society for the pumas and foxes receive the other portions of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and assert ^ the flesh which are left, while the birds have that I am a heartless, bad man. ground up for them very fine the tender “But of the cruelty that they themselves meat from the inside of the ribs. The wild practice they think nothing. Look at the birds relish the ofi'al. cane and umbrella fiend who is always poking “ You would be surprised at the number of up tbe animals. Wo had a porcupine here animals that are consumed in a year. Last who got so much punching that he only lived year I bought 159 horses, which, when butch¬ six weeks, when we had to get a new one to ered, made thirty-three tons of' horse meat. be poked to death. Several people have I For some of the animals which wo purchased stirred up the polar bear with $5 silk um¬ in the summer I have paid as high as $5, brella and then threatened to sue the society while in the winter months I have no diffi¬ (when the bears have ripped off the cover. culty in securing good horses for $1 or even ! Why, I tell you I have seen women drop their 150 cents a head. The hides and bones of the parasols into the hear pit just to see what the hears would do and cry terribly when they tore them into shreds.

“One day I saw a man stirring up one of the deers with his cane, and it looked to me ■ as if he was trying to poke the creature’s I eyes out. ‘Here,’said I, ‘ take my revolver if you want to kill it.’ Another friend ' actually tried to pry the top off the cage of the rattlesnakes, ‘just to stir ’em up,’ he isaid. ‘To turn them loose in the crowd,’ said I. ‘ Don’t you know any better than that ?’ and then' he went away as if he was mad about something. I Temember one time we had some macaws in the bird house who had pecked off all their feathers and an old lady hunted me up and said they were being ill treated and wanted me to let them go. ‘They will freeze to death if I do,’I said, but she did not look at it in that light. Hyenas have to be fed mostly on hones because they require plenty of phosphate. Well, people complain about that and say the so¬ ciety is stingy and starving the poor creatures. “Another way the cranks have of annoying us is by letter-writing. As for the people who ask ridiculous questions you wouldn’t believe, the stories I could tell. More than once I have been asked w'ho went into the lion’s cage and sheared him. thinking that in his natural state i the brute should be slraggy AT THE BEAR PIT. 1 all over like a Newfoundland dog. They ask the low figure at which I am able to purchase where the panthers are, and think I lie to horses, they are all free from disease.” them when I show them the cage labeled pumas. When you strike Head-keeper Byrne in a ‘ ‘ They scratch their fingers fooling with t loquacious mood, such as he was in on this, the animals and then try to get behind the safety railing where the tiger could tear their I occasion, and if you listen, he will tell anec-1 flesh off, and then complain when my men dotes and incidents so well worth listening to chase them out. The principal circus is al¬ that the odds are you will not remember to ways in the monkey house, as people never 1 go and look at the polar bear. will learn to keep away from the mischievous ‘‘There are people that think cruelty to creatures, and in consequence spectacles, eye animals is practiced by the keepers here,” glasses, bonnets, hats and sometimes even wigs are constantly used as playthings. said he. “ Everyone has noticed the stuffed “ However,” continued the superintendent, crocodile in the lion house, and would you “ these people are the exceptions, as the gen¬ believe it, women have often asked me why eral public takes a great pride in the Zoo and 1the animal is not fed ? I remember one day in the protection ofthe beasts from harm.” a woman came to me and said that she had In glancing at the most interesting objects been here many times when the animals were in the Garden no one should fail to visit the i given their horse meat and that the crocodile snake house, which is the finest building of 'got nothing. ‘It had its mouth open,’ said . its kind in the world. There are to he seen . she, ‘and it looks hungry, too.’ What can a I man say to folks like that ? ” said the Superin- every variety of reptiles, besides many snakes ! tendent with a far-away look in his hazel of new and unknown species. | eyes. The amphibious aniinals kept there are ■ “Then there are people who think it cruel supplied with water constantly renewed, and | to feed the lions horse flesh without seasoning the snakes and other reptiles have trees or j and only once a day. They say it is starva¬ water in their dwellings according to their tion and complain that they are not allowed ; to feed the beasts. They call it unnatural habits. Here the bullfrog is invited to shout, when we tell them how carefully the snakes ! and the rattlesnake to rattle, just as if they are attended to, given blankets and hot baths i were at home. In the centre oi the house is a deep hole in winter ancTso on. ‘ Do yon feed live birds ; surrounded by an iron railing bent inward to and dear little guinea pigs to tbe boa ?’ they ■n ill ■lit ifiili H ihJLsET'- fe’JFFALd FEEDING. _ * -~ - PPlH prevent anytmugr irmc pool from crawling f ' collection of snakes are a purplish death ad- - out. When you look into this depression you | der and a Schlegel’s snake, both from Aus¬ see alligators, turtles and toi’toises crawling tralia, and very poisonous. over one another in fine confusion. Amongf To those possessed of morbid curiosity one them are five Mississippi snapping turtles. of the most interesting attractions in the gar¬ These turtles have a horny covering as thick den to-day is the murderous elk that killed as that of a large land tortoise, although of a Keeper Ford a few weeks ago. This bull is a different pattern. They also possess a long fine specimen of the finest deer family that tail somewhat like an alligator’s. The largest exists. He weighs about six hundred pounds of the five weighs about' one hundred and and he has just shed a splendid pair of antlers fifty pounds and would be an even more un¬ over three feet in length. They are sharp¬ desirable antagonist than an alligator. ened at tho end; in a murderous way and to This turtle is extremely aged, perhaps over look at them makes one understand how. 300 years old. This estimate is made from easily poor Ford -was killed. his size and tho condition of his shell. The turtle does not stop growing at any par¬ The herd of .buffalo is the most valuable ticular age, hut goes on indefinitely getting collection of animals in the Garden. For a larger and larger. As the usual size of a zoo to possess a herd of these denizens of the snapping turtle at the age of 20 years or plains when a single animal is worth from thereabouts is known, from the size of this $500 to $1,000 is something to boast of. There one it is pretty certain that he is of hoary antiquity. His shell has been rubbed white are seventeen buffalo in the Philadelphia and shiny at the prominent places, while else¬ collection,Ljrfd there are probably not many where it is green and mossy. more than that living wild in the whole country. All the members of the present A Japanese salamander in a small tank in herd, except two obtained recently by ex¬ the snake house Should be of great interest. change, were bom in the Garden. Two calves joined the colony in October and there These animals, of fish, are supposed to live on is no prospect that the buffalo -will become ex¬ fire, but Head-keeper Byrne and other author¬ tinct in the neighborhood of Philadelphia. ities are inclined to doubt this. They do like Another great attraction at the moment are to he where it is warm, but their diet is worms Lieutenant Peary’s Esquimau dogs, brought and jellyfish. In appearance the salamander back with him from Greenland and presented to the Garden. The dogs closely resemble the looks like a large catfish without the eyes shepherd, although of larger size. They have and whiskers of that Schuylkill ranger. Ho a fox face, and their hair is long and bushy. cannot bear strong light and sits in the mud They are of different colors. Two of them under the water all day, leading an inactive are pure white and two are blank, the others life. are mixed. Esquimau dogs have never been j Among the large frogs to bo seen there are exhibited in this country before. They are four black fellows from Louisiana. They have said to be exceedingly vicious, and will not a very thick skin that hangs about them like give up until they are exhausted. They have that of the Indian rhinoceros; the largest wonderful endurance, and cab go several weighs about two pounds. These frogs have re¬ days without food. The natives drive them markably fine appetites, and will eat birds and sometimes two or three hundred miles at a mice and smaller frogs, if they can get them. time, and they can go on the ice at a very Head-keeper Byrne has put sparrows into this rapid pace. One of their characteristics is house and they have shown, not only their that their tails indicate approaching changes ability to eat them, but great agility in cap- in the weather. For instance, when it is uring them. going to be fine these appendages are Vraong the recent valuable additions to the ;-IB., Wik T-.

V

THE LAKE: ASi THE THERMOMETER FALLS, cages and empty"ponds "to look at. For thpsi "raised" cheerfully; when it is to bobe TETTdull who truly love animals and wish to study they are lowered, and so on, until they trail . their habits, there is no better time to visit on the ground for a snow-storm. the Zoo than a day in winter. The absence An odd feature of the Garden is its collec¬ of the noisy crowd makes the animals quite tion of cats. Not less than sixty felines of all I at their ease, and by standing a few minutes j ages and colors, from the playful kitten to Ithe unmusical tom make the Zoo building I perfectly still before the cage they seem to their headquarters, and they are regarded as | forget your presence, and you can observe a very useful adjunct, as they prey upon the I their habits at leisure. rats and mice that would otherwise infest the The lions and tigers do not notice much dif¬ buildings. ference between summer and winter. Of Almost every day something new in the course, they do not have the summer cages way of an attraction is being added to the Zoo. I with their rocks and trees to range in; but At the present time Superintendent Brown their house is warm. Sometimes a tiger will and several friends are scouring the wilds of sit motionless for a long time gazing intently I Arizona in search of new attractions, and Through the window's at the snow'y landscape. just here it may be stated that nothing could Very dignified and stately are the old lion be more interesting than a complete collec¬ and lioness, and the lions in the next cage, tion of the wild animals to be found within i who wait patiently, with grave faces, for the the boundaries of the F nited States. one event in their long day—their meal-time., (Although their fare is never varied, summer, About 200,000 people visit the Garden every I or winter, it is always acceptable; indeed year. This seems a goodly number, but with the only thing they object to is the amount, the population as shown by the recent census, , which apparently is never equal to their ap¬ the children being even more interested than petites. _..._ .. - - - - their elders, there ought to be as many as !—Some of the animals take care of them- half a million visitors yearly. Everybody 1 selves at the approach of the winter. The that can afford to go should make the trip at badgers dig frantically in the earth, throw¬ I least once a year. A Ne w York newspaper ing up a perfect fountain of sand behind^ (said recently: “If we could have such a them until they have long burrows, to whicl* (beautiful place of amusement as the Pnila- they retire on cold or stormy days; hut every delphia Zoological Garden in the neighbor¬ gleam of sunshine woos them to the surface, hood of New York it would do more to ele¬ and they run up and dowrn the cage begging vate and entertain the poor than most of the for peanuts, as in summer. efforts made by the well-meaning and rich to The beavers go to sleep in their huts under improve them.” . . I the water, and the foxes and prairie dogs dig The majority of our citizens -who do visit their burrows deeper and retire from the the Gardens never think of making the jour¬ upper w'orld, although like the badger, they ney except in the summer time, yet the at¬ reappear on sunny days. tractions are quite as varied in winter as in One sees some of the animals to a better ad¬ summer, and the beauty of the winter scenes vantage in winter than in summer, the about the garden is remarkable. moose and reindeer seem more lively, and, It is a great mistake to imagine that in I perhaps, would be glad to have it colder winter the animals are asleep most of the time, than it ever is in this latitude. The frozen, and that it is useless to go to the Zoological Gar¬ snow-covered stretches of Canada and Eap- dens then because there will_be but deserted A land are more to their liking than the yards of the Zoo, even on the coldest days. The reindeer came all the way across the seas, accompanied by his mate and little one, with a great bag of their favorite moss, to

THE DEER CAGE.

supply them with food until they should have j become accustomed to American hay and pea¬ THE DAUGHTEROF-SULLY nuts, The taste for peanuts seems soon to ' -_j— fasten itself upon every creature that enters j the gates, except the flesh-eating animals. A TALK WITH HER ABOUT THE FAMOUS The polar hear is another who does not find it quite cold enough to suit him; he has an PAINTER. , ipe-water bath and a den in the north side of a hill, hut he still looks as if he were longing for more snow. Perhaps if one were to intro¬ REMINISCENCES OF OLD DAYS duce Mm to the seal ponds he might find him¬ self in congenial company at least, hut it might happen that the seals would not care Interesting Recollections of Mr. Sully’s for him as a guest. They are a happy family among themselves, and sit with their heads Visits to London—The Portrait of Queen j poked, up through the ice calling for their Victoria—How Miss Sully Sat for the ! dinner with quite as much appetite as in sum¬ mer. Regalia—Sally’s Friends in London. The lake for water fowl is not as crowded with inhabitants as we are accustomed to see it, many having been sheltered in buildings, On bright days a familiar figure frequently hut it still presents a lively appearance with to be encountered on the highways in the swans and ducks of all varieties disporting neigborhood of Eighth and Spruce streets, themselves in the little space of water kept open for them. They never seem to feel their is that of a quaint, plainly dressed, elderly toes grow cold, however long they stand on woman. Many people know her face, but the ice or swim lix.Um water. few are familiar with, her name or history, although she is the daughter of a famous There is one Wading where perpetualsum- artist of older days, Thomas Sully. mer reigns. On The coldest of January days . No doubt many old-time Philadelphians re- | . the- reptile house is filled with blooming plants I member Tom Sully, as a few years ago he an< d sunshine, the roof of the house is made was a noticeable figure as seen in company ■paj-rtly of glass like a conservatory, and_there) with his daughter, walking in the streets of stand the glass cases for the tronical snakes., Philadelphia. His form was'slight, but erect: Trees and plants grow in the soil at the bot¬ and active, and he could with case extend his tom, there is water to bathe in, and the sun pours down upon the cases all day long, so walks from the Delaware to the Schuylkill. they have natural heat besides the artificial The writer has had more than one chat with heat in the building. Miss Blanche Sully, and although she is ex-i ; ceedingly reserved and shrinking from public: notice, yet some things not generally known about Mr. Sully have been gleaned from her conversation. m - - - - — _ JL ! 133

THE LILY AND THF. ROSE. After an engraving of Sully's painting • m that case,’ respondeOIr. King, ‘we will Sully’s parents were actors and came to this combine forces and live luxuriously on milK: country from England about 1782, when their and potatoes.’ son was 10 years of age. He studied the rudi¬ ments of art with his brother, in Richmond, Ya., and after a short residence in Norfolk he went to New York, where be painted the por¬ traits of a number of theatrical celebrities. Jarvis and Trumbull were the leading por¬ trait painters in that city at that time and Jarvis was very kind and helpful to the young artist, as he furnished him with his plan of palatte arrangement and many hints regarding art technique most valuable to the young artist. Trumbull was more conserva¬ tive in his treatment of the young man and Sully only obtained an idea of his method of color by employing him to paint Mrs. Sully s portrait, for which he paid $100. In striking contrast to Trumbull, Sully always referred i to the kindly encouragement of 'when he visited that artist in Boston, after his return from England. Sully complained of the rawness ot the New York climate, and his friend, Mr. Ben¬ iamin Wilcox, said to him: “ Come over to Philadelphia, the air is balmy, and I think will suit you better.” There may have been a touch of sarcasm in relation to our climate THE SULLY PORTRAIT OF QUEEN VICTORIA. in this remark, but Sully accepted it literally, “Whilein England Sir Benjamin West was as he shortly afterwards made his home m very kind to my father and allowed him to this city. ronv the old masters m his private gallery. I have often heard my father say that West “ About 1816,” said Miss Sully, “ my father was a capricious man and never would paint visited England, to copy the old masters and unless in the humor. At the termination ot fill commissions for a number of Philadelphia a year my father returned to this city and gentlemen. Among other letters he took one commenced the practice ot his art. He. was to Charles B. King, a young artist, who, upon very successful, in fact so much so that iwmir- ous callers interfered very much with his | meeting my father, asked him how long he I work and his friend, Dr. Benjamin West, con¬ expected to remain in England. ‘Twelve sequently advised him ;to place a placard months,” was the reply. ‘ How much money m 1 above his easel with an inscription: Time have you?’ ‘ Four hundred dollars.’ ‘That is my a uumber of the men of the Eevolu- will last you just four months unless you can live low.’ ‘ I can live on bread and water.’ hlpfe- kindnessess to hirhim and the original study of the were painted by my father. In 1824 when head he retained. afayette visited this country, a committee “Whenin London my father had a great was formed to raise money to have, a full desire to meet the poet Campbell, but was length portrait of Lafayette made. My told that literary society had been compelled father was selected to paint the portrait, and j to blackball him. as when he disagreed with Lafayette kindly gave him the necessary sit¬ a gentleman at the table he would throw his tings; the result was one of his finest can- wig and even the decanter at him. After vasts. When the picture was proffered, how¬ hearing such gossip it is only natural that ever, and my father requested settlement, my father made no further effort to see the the committee declined to pay, as they said | poet.” • no money had been subscribed.” Miss Sully remarked that Rembrandt Miss Sully said that her father had a habit Peale was always very kind to her father, and j of sketching, on his thumb nail and that) the following characteristic anecdote was with an accurate eye and retentive memory - often Telated by Sully in relation to Peale: •{£ he could nearly always reproduce a truthful At one time he father of a lady whom Peale 11 portrait from a sketch thus made. His pic.-, was painting a portrait of asked Peale to rub R ture of Fanny Kemble as “Beatrice” wasj out the colored bodice that the lady wore in J secured in this manner. Miss Kemble was1 the picture and replace it by one of another so well pleased with this painting that she color. This peale refused to do. “Why.” gave Sully sittings for the well-known and said the gent|eman, “are you not painting beautiful head now hanging on the walls in this portrait i

___ Our Present Quarantine Station and the Proposed Additions on Little p Tinicum Island.

A. .14 was witil the cholera in mind that Couu-1 cils the other day authorized the Director of for the sick and at other times for housing de¬ Public Safety to lease Little Tinicum Island. tained passengers. Everything in this build¬ This island lies in tbe Delaware, in mid-1 ing is arranged with that care seen in first- stream, with one of its margins bordered by class city hospitals. Some two hundred yards water deep enough lor all ships of modern from the administration house is the pest juild. It is about half a mile from the main house or hospital. It is well fitted up, and shore of Pennsylvania, on the one side and has a kitchen, wash room, etc., and a capacity from the shore of Xew Jersey on the other, for forty patients. There is also another and. therefore, c-an he properly isolated It small building, used in part as a disinfectant !s, «aid- moreover, that it can be put into ser¬ ch. amber, by boiling water, sulphur, ohlorine viceable order at a comparatively low cost. and other fumigators, and in part as a morgue. The Philadelphia Quarantine Station, as it At the wharf is a small boat house, with a now exists on Tinicum Island, is situated barge for boarding in ease the steamer be¬ eight miles below the city on a shove of made comes temporarily disabled. Along the shore land thoroughly under-drained. The tract to the right is a newly completed disinfecting which consists of ten acres, is enclosed with a house, sixteen feet square, with boiler at¬ high fence. Adjoining are ten acres of govern¬ tached. A temperature, of 216 Fahrenheit is obtained in this building, while with contem¬ ment land,on which are situated several build¬ plated improvements a higher degree may be ings at the disposal of the ciuarajrtinp antWi-i. possible. However, this structure is only re¬ ties. Close by the station is Essington, a new garded as a temporary substitute for a steel and hustling town, and buildings have sprung disinfecting plant. up as residences on other land adjoining, hence A large stone house belonging to the govern¬ the need and desirability of the new island ment is also utilized by means of pots for station in the river. sulphur fumigation, baggage being placed in wire baskets, several hundred of which are Little Tinicum lies directly sn fron^ of the on hand. The water supply of the station is Lazaretto. It is a long, low and narrow mud excellent, being obtained by an artesian well bank. Af the lower end of the island it three hundred feet deep in an isolated posi¬ rises slightly and broadens out, affording tion, and is pumped to an iron tank on top of sufficient soil for busheS and trees. It stretches the administration building. About fifteen along the river for over a mile, and is said to hundred gallons can be pumped hourly and »> pipes are laid to all points, so that water for contain six hundred acres, all but about one fire and other uses is always available. hundred acres of which are subject to tide. For inspection purposes the station is sup¬ It is on the lower end of the island, where plied with a small steamer on which the Laz¬ the land is highest, that the city is to build a aretto Physician visits vessels whose arrival disinfecting plant. in the river is telegraphed up from the station The island is ample in extent for quaran¬ of the Maritime Exchange at the Breakwater. tine purposes. In fact, only a small piece of The accommodations of the station are ade¬ the ground will he needed, and this can he quate for a large number of persons, as apart made as dry and healthful as the present from the buildings the vacant grou nd included station without great expense. With the ex¬ in the lot is available for the erection of tents, ception of the proximity of residences, ren- i several hundred of which are kept constantly dering constant surveillance of suspects dc-j on hand. tained there necessary, the Lazaretto onj Tinicum Island is an ideal site and thoroughly ! As this city could only grow by emigration equipped for all quarantine purposes. at first, a quarantine was a veiy early neces¬ sity. Long voyages, poor ventilation and im- :, The station proper has an administration proper food produced fevers and other dan¬ building and residence for stewards, etc., a gerous disorders and sicknesses. In 1700 the; large kitchen and contains also six l&Tgc, well- Assembly passed an act to prevent sickly appointed wards, to he used, in emergencies vessels from coming into this government.f THE LAZARETTO FROM THE

lAmoiig other things it was directed thaFuST Darby creek, PiumTiook creek and the*' i heal thy vessels coming from sickly places ware river, and was in the jurisdiction- should not come nearer than one mile to any of Delaware county. The original plan was [town or port of the province without hills of that the buildings should consist of a stew¬ (health, and that they should not land, ard’s house, fifty feet square and three stories goods or passengers without license. in height. On the left and right were to be Under this law no place was provided to the Lazaretto buildings for the diseased and which sufferers could be removed from vessels convalescent, each sixty by twenty-two feet arriving at this port. It is to be inferred wide. At convenient distances on a line were that the object was to quarantine the sick as to be houses for the resident physicians, well as the well on board of vessels. This la w quarantine master and other houses. Subse¬ caused great temptation to remove sick per¬ quently other buildings were erected, includ¬ sons to shore in older that their fellow passen¬ ing a temporary lodging house for emigrants gers, who were well, might gain their liberty. who were not sick. Under this practice dangerous diseases were Adjoining the Lazaretto, the United States taken into settled portions of the city and Government established an inspection sta¬ country, and epidemics were frequent. tion, with a building for the storage and ex¬ amination of goods and warehouse in which, In 1726 when George Warner arrived in property could be placed when brought in this city on hoard a vessel on which small-pox sickly vessels, iu case it should be necessary was raging, he said that the people on the to retain them. From that time to this vari¬ shore assembled and ordered the vessel off'. ous changes and alterations, as they were deemed necessary, have been made at the The ship retired to thtWIegaTonemile dis¬ Lazaretto, and the health laws have from tance. and the passengers were landed near time to time been alterated. The Board of Old Swedes’ Church. They were met by a Health has also been reorganized several man named Barnes, who led them by a cir¬ times. cuitous route through forests, swamps and by¬ streets to the Blue Horse Tavern on South Tinicum Island, on which the quarantine street. This place was situated at the corner of Tenth and South streets, where the Le¬ station is situated, is historic ground. It was banon Gardens were afterwards erefted. Here acquired between 1634-38 by Olof Stille. It the passengers were kept until they had re¬ was on this island that the- Fortress of New covered from the small-pox. They were then Guttenberg and Governor John Prinz’s fine conducted to the Blue Anchor Tavern at hall, the church and sundry houses of the Front and the Drawbridge. early Swedish settlers were built. Prinz’s On the recommendation of Lieutenant Gov¬ ■iHall was built as early as 1644 and is said to ernor George Thomas iu 1742 the Assembly i have been a very fine mansion, surrounded resolved that a committee should he appointed by gardens, orchards, etc. Not a vestige of to purchase a piece of ground suitable for a the house remains to-day, or is any picture ot pest house. Fisher’s Island was bought, con¬ the tract upon it. This was probably the first occasion upon which the Province of Pennsyl¬ taining 342 acres, with some buildings. Sev¬ vania became the owner of slaves. The tract eral negroes who belonged to the plantation was renamed Providence Island. Some of the - vrere also purchased as an appurtenance to buildings standing, as well as six acres of [quarantine, borrow money in case of an emer¬ ground closest to the Delaware, were reserved gency. and to do other needful things. for immediate use and for a site for a new In 1799 these managers bought a piece of pesthouse or hospital: the rest of the land ound for the purpose of establishing a new was authorized to be leased. aretto or quarantine station on Tinicum, lid on the Delaware. The plot was hounded ' Chase; njpney was payable in con. ; tLt State| notes. These notes depreciated a great deal and were bought up in large unis by Wi’lh.ji Bingham who cleai'ed handsomely by the in¬ vestment. His heirs owned large tracts along Penrose Ferry road until quite recently. The ground reserved for the hospital on Provi-1 dence Island was not, however, touched, as i the sales were made out of the surplus ground on the island.

Governor Mifflin .in 1794 recommended to the Legislature the adoption of a better sys¬ tem for the preservation of the public health than had been adopted. The result was the establishment of a general health law, a; health office with twenty-four inspectors, appointed by the Mayor and corporation of , the city and Justices of the Northern Liber¬ ties and Schuylkill. There was a health officer, a consulting physician and resident physician, who were to remain constantly at the pest house. The officers composed the first Board of Health The yellow fever epidemics that raged in the ;90’s tested for the first time the power of the Board of Health to deal with infectious THE HOSPITAL. diseases and proved that the system was by As early as 1750 the temporary arrange^ no means perfect. The Legislature was con- sequent!v appealed to and in 1798 the Board ment of the buildings was found to be insuffi-1 of Health was reconstructed, with more ex¬ cient for hospital purposes, and the trustees tensive jurisdictiou. New buildings at State were ordered to build pest houses on the Island were authorized to he erected to be island. A new act of Assembly was passed in used for hospital and store house purposes, and 1774. This statute provided for the appoint¬ to be known as the “ Marine Hospital of the ment of a keeper of a hospital, whose port of Philadelphia.” During the fever of 1797 the Wigwam prop¬ duty it was to take care of the sick erty at Twenty-second and Race streets was inmates. Vessels hound for Philadelphia used for a yellow fever hosnital.^ and was which brought more than forty passen¬ known at that time as the Hospital of the gers, or which had on board sick per¬ French Republic. In 1798 the old Board of sons', or passengers from an infected port, Health was practically abolished and in its were forbidden to come nearer the city than stead a new corporation called the Board of Little. Mud Island, and vessels were also to be Managers of tlie Marine and City Hospitals inspected by this officer and a skilful physi¬ was organized. This body was to have the cian There were also provisions as to the general powers of the old board, with authority number of passengers which vessels should to levy a hospital tax, regulate the length of carry, the character of the iood that should

1

AS Mn

LITTLE TINICUM ISLAND, FROM THE LAZARETTO, be served ,fio titan aau. owier matters of im¬ often shillings per week! portance, as well as to the health of passen- for each man and two | gerSy'and to preventing* the spread of infec¬ shillings for firewood.The tious diseases which they might bring with two physicians attended them. In November. 1775, . at the pest house every Dr. Duffield and Dr. other day. In Februbary, Rush, on behalf of the 1777, Fergus Purdon was crews of the, Pennsylva- appointed steward of the t , nia armed boats, made an Providence Island Hos¬ arrangement by which it pital upon allowance of was agreed that the over¬ S'fii per month. The name E seers should attend to the of the island was changed | sick and wounded, and to State Island after‘the I i give prolusions,drink and Declaration of Independ-1 wash for them at the rate! once. On the 25th day of He was also at one time the owner ot | March. 1780, a a act the mill that formerly stood by the f 'passed to authorize, tta roadside and was burned to the ground , Striking of £100.000 in bills of credit 'for the support of the army many years ago. . . and authority was given to the President ot By the time he reached his majority ?heS aTfcottncil to -11 State Island and, iThomas had became addicted to the use appropriate the money realized towards the of alcoholic liquors to such an extent ^ I redemption of the loan. The sale took place that he soon set. the restraints of his I and the ground was divided into lots. Thepur- family at defiance and became known it extanCT The^hhl^r re li e that serves to re¬ mind Philadelphians of this very early man¬ as one of the hardest drinkers in the sion is a brick from its walls preserved ini the whole countrv round. collection of the Historical Society ot Penn- He w. s a true sou of Vulcan in ap¬ pearance. His giant frame and brawny Syprinzawas appointed Lieutenant Governor arms made him respected by his associates. of the old Swedish colony in 1642. Hisi farst step upon arrival in the colony was to choose Some of those who read this will re his official residence, which he planted upon ! member him as he walked along our Tinicum Island. Many anecdotes are related streets, bare-headed oftimes or wearing regarding Prinz, who was a blutt, coarse sol¬ a battered hat, as shown in the. $ dier. described by the caustic Pietersen de parrying picture. He walked with great. Tries as weighing four hundred pounds; and taking three drinks at every meal. He strides, swinging his arms from side to remained in charge of the colony until side, and muttering dreadful oaths, October, 1653, when he sailed for home. which made the children fly at his ap- When he returned to Sweden his son-iD-law, John Papegoya. assumed command, but the following year the Hutch overcame the 'f He was known as “ Colonel Tom, ^v Swedes and destroyed Fort Guttenburg. In everybody, and in spite of his threaten¬ 1677 Madame Papegoya sold Tinicum Island ing appearance, young and old alike, to Otto Earnest Cock. This transfer was con¬ had a good word for him. Like many firmed by the courts in 1681, but in 16S3, after another, his bark was worse than his the arrival of the Quaker colony, a man named Delagrange obtained possession by bite, and he was never known to harm legal process and sold the island to Christopher anyone with his immense fists. But woe Taylor in 1684. T-.. fT. to the luckless night who presumed to Previous to tlie war of the revolution .Little measure wits with him. He was as quic Tinicum Island was a much more pretentious as a flash, and demolished his antag¬ piece of ground than at the present moment, as it was dry and high \j embanked, out in onist without mercy. 1777 the people opened the banks to river in¬ vasion to prevent its use by the British against Mud Fort. E. Leslie Gilliams.

From, ./'/. .. /

Date, ...._....._\..J—.. “ COLOII&L T0M7r

Ueminiscences of a WilU Knmvu Character of a Former Gen¬ eration.

Thomas Shallcross, whose picture is| given in connection with this article, will ^ Many good stories of him have been ] be remembered as a man of keen wit and afloat for years, a few of which we wi remarkable physique. He was a son of endeavor to recall. Thomas Shallcross and was born at the More than half a century ago, when ] family homestead on the banks ot the he carried on hi* biacksmithing on the. Wissinoming, about a mile above Cedar, Bristol turnpike, near the Wissinoming or rather Rocky Hill, as it was then creek the Superintendent of the poor called. It was not known as Cedar Hill, bouse drove his ox cart to the shop to until after the Cemetery of that name have it repaired. He told Colonel lorn was established at the “ Point of Rocks.” to make such repa:rs as he thought it Thomas learned the blacksmith trade needed. In fact, hejaid he^would leave and conducted the business in a building ■ m on the turnpike near his fathers house. — judgment, to do] and swearing fn’^ils usuaf~atyle.' The! whatever he thought best. Leaving the! minister, seeing his condition, said, “ My cart and oxen he trudged off' to Frank- friend, you are on the straight road to ford. After transacting his business he Hell.” Quick as a flash the Colonel returned just as the Colonel was throw¬ asked, “ Does the road to Hell lead ing^ the last piece of the cart iutotfae fire straight through your house?” in front of the shop. Taking in the sit¬ A colored presiding elder got the better uation he asked for an explanation. The of the old man once. The Colonel met I Colonel replied,, in his heavy tones: him riding down the pike and knowing “ You told me to do whatever I thought him, called out, “Good morning!” best. There are the tires and the rest of “ Good morning !” said Tom, “How's the the iron. The woodwork was worthless Devil ?” The preacher didn’t answer and I burnt it. You want a new cart,’ at once and Turn said, “ Don’t be and there was no appeal. offended,” “I meant no harm.” “O, no,” When be was on one of his frequent said the minister, “I’m not offended. sprees he took no thought of his health It’s natural for children to ask after their and would lie down anywhere to sleep. lather’s health.” He often slept iu the old “ Red Barn,”' His feats of strength were remarkable. which stood on the lot where Aden and It is said that he thought nothing of Franklin streets now' intersect. When taking up a barrel of cider aud drinking remonstrated with about sleeping in the from the bunghole. He died about 15 fields and told he would catch cold, he years ago, aged 70 years. Had he taken replied: “ O, I always put the bars ordinary care of himself he might have lived to be a hundred. The picture On one occasion he was told that his from which our engraving was taken continued drinking would destroy his was made by Thomas Hutchinson, one constitution. He looked around with day when the Colonel was recovering drunken gravity, and replied with em¬ from oueof his periodical sprees phasis: “ Constitution he—blowed. Fye been living on the by-laws this Jong time.” b Elias Hicks, the noted Quaker preach¬ er met him one day and thought to re¬ prove him for his habits. The. Colonel listened a while and then said in his slow way : “ Elias, I heard thee preach ‘ last Sunday.” Elias was skeptical and' Date, 'Jo Yi; q, ^c2s; J> said : “Ah, Thomas, did thee? What did preach about?” “ Thee said,” replied V’ei’ “DeaI justly, act wisely, ar d don t care a—-for any man.” Elias shook his head and said, as he wa!ked away, “Thee was there,' Ibomas. He evidently had little faith that his preaching had proved of any benefit to the incorrigible old fellow who would go his own way in spite of all re¬ monstrance. On one of his worst sprees the Colonel 11 ran out of cash and failed to beg or bor- "ue, wotk was progressing lgw’. so he watched his opportunity and, rapidly on the new Queen Lane reservoir, in carried off a lot of old iron from Peter1 the Twenty-eighth ward, about a quarter of! Castors blacksmith shop while the men a mile from Palls Station on the Reading! w|re at dinner. !□ the afternoon he Railroad and the same distance from Quee^ came back and sold the old iron to Mr Lane Station on the Pennsylvania Railroad, i - ;st°llfor a kw pennies, and then went , in Germantown. The new reservoir -will rext door to the Jolly Post, to get a • stand at an elevation of three hundred feet inpk out of the proceeds of the trans- above tidewater, and from it a view can he! had of the remotest parts of the northwest- ft£phe.n Paul was “‘nine mist and he knew the Colonel well. ern, northeastern and southern portions of! He joked him and asked where he had . the city. It will he bounded by Queen j street> Abhottsford avenue, Thirty-third raised the wind.” The Colonel told 3 his story with great gusto and when re¬ I street and Thirty-first street, and will cover about 64 acres and have a capacity of 3S6 000 - monstrated with replied with great non¬ 000 gallons. chalance : “ O, I only robbed Peter to The proposed construction of this reservoir pay Paul. “Peter” often told the is an important move towards procuring a story and heartily enjoyed the trick that had been played upon him. i °De fday ™the saw the front door °f the Baptist minister’s residence standing open and stalked in, muttering . ■ 141

rater supply ladelphia, a needed im- ient, which sen an ab- ; topic of for Slay or ■ t, Director im and Chief v-ii for some ast, and the OFFICIAL PLAN OF THE NEW RESERVOIR WHEN COMPLETED. l scarcity of Handed southward trom Queen Dane and lay also to this" ;water has directed public attention on both sides of Indian Queen Lane. Ills r question.- It will take about two years, it is estimated, if the work is to he pushed with vigor, to complete the Queen Lane reservoir, and necessarily it will be a most _ expensive piece of work, costing over a million, dollars jat least, but that this new basin is badly needed is a fact generally acknowledged. The kite selected for it, however, is regarded by many residents of Germantown as somewhat unfortunate, as within a radius of twenty Jmiles there is not a prettier location for suburban homes than on this high ground. Indeed, William G. Warden, a well-known citizen, and several associates had planned to make this region a garden spot within a few years. The city, however was determined to THE DANCING PAVILION, SCHUETZEN PARK. | secure the site regardless of cost and obstruc- | tions,. and now that the matter lias been house and farm buildings were situated in Rox- practically settled it may be interesting to tell borough township, on the upper side of the J the story of the neighborhood, as it has many line a short distance from the Township Line historic associations. road, now known as Wissahickon avenue. I t was on this plateau, to be occupied by the new reservoir, that the main Continental In the year of 1777 Henry Hill, son of Dr. army, composed of troops from New Jersey, Richard Hill, a well-known merchant of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and , owned as a country seat a large .Carolina, about 11,000 ill armed and still worse tract of land now in the Twenty-eighth ward clothed men, commanded by General Wash¬ of Philadelphia, but then partly in Roxbor- ington, encamped during the first week of August and for two days in September, 1777,^ ough township and partly in Penn township, before and immediately after the battle of Philadelphia county. This land was situated .the Brandywine. A.' and formed part of an elevated plateau of sev¬ The army reached this camp-ground on eral hundred acres east of the Schuylkill Friday, the first day of August, according to river, bounded on the north by School lane an entry in the journal of Adjutant General and on the east by a road dividing Roxbor- Timothy Pickering, reading as follows : '“Au¬ gust 1st, 1777, the army arrived at this en- cugh township from Germantown township cartping-ground between Germantown and and known as the Township Line road and the Schuylkill river.” The movements of sloping shar^ „ to the left or what may oe the army to this place and the purpose' properly termed Mann tawny or Ridge road, of taking up the camp at Queen Lane and on the south t plateau gradually are told by Washington in a letter fell away to lower land on a line with written from Mr. Hill’s farmhouse to his brother, John Augustine Washington, and the Schuylkill Falls. Mr. Hill’s land ex- dated August 5, 1777. From this letter we i I iHfe

OLD HOUSE ON E EVANS ESTATE. learn that Washington received on the 27th of July information from Congress that the! - -iely hot one. Oh the evening of enemy was at the Capes of the Delaware and the 10th, information having been received | w is planning an attack on Philadelphia. This that a fleet had been seen about sixteen information, writes Washington, leagues southward of the Capes of the Dela¬ ware, the troops were halted and went into Brought us In great haste to this place tor camp, on the Old York road, near the Ne- the detense of the citv, but in less than twen- Q Tu11' u°urs alter our arrival we got accounts shaminy creek, about a mile and a half above oi the disappearance of the fleet on the 21st, I the present village of Hartsville, Bucks st ice which, nothing having been heard of county. From the time of the army’s arrival them, 'we remained, here in a very irksome j at the Neshaminy creek camp until after the >st.at$ ol suspense, some imagining’that they1 battle of the Brandywine, the story of Wash¬ are gone to the southward, while the majority i ington’s movements has often been told and (m whose opinion upon this occasion i con-! cur) are satisfied that they are gone to the every detail brought out until there is noth¬ eastward. The fatigue, however, and the in-J ” ing now to record. It is sufficient to say that jury which men must sustain by long marches^ .. j alter the battle of the Brandywine the army, in such extreme heat as we have felt in the j unpursued by the enemy after passing the last five days, must keep us quiet until we I >' night at Chester, returned to Philadelphia the hear something of the destination of the / following day. The troops marched through enemy. Darby, crossed the floating bridge at the mid¬ dle ferry and returned to their old camp at As Washington says, the records of the en¬ Queen Lane, the General again taking up his campment on Queen Lane present only the ! headquarters--in the house of Heniy Hill. u.iual routine of an army at rest. On the l This old farmhouse, by the way. was pulled afternoon of Sunday, the 3d of August, divine down about 1780, when Mr. Hill erected a more, imposing structure on its site. This services were held; and court martial in building, still Standing, is now occupied and Palmer’s tayern, at the Falls, on the 6th, and owned by the" heirs of Cornelius S. Smith, at Leach’s tayern, in Germantown, on the who purchased it in 1840. 7th. On this day a Board of General Officers, . On Sunday, September 14, the army, hav¬ to make inquiry why the pay abstracts were ing. cleaned their arms and received ammu¬ not made out and for the consideration of nition to complete forty rounds a man, marched from their camp at Queen Lane and other matters, was convened at the head-1 moved toward the enemy again. quarters of General Stevens, which were at i the house of the Bev. William Smith, D. D., It is a rather remarkable fact that the his¬ situated between Indian Queen Lane and the, j. tory of the camp on the Queen Lane plateau Ridge road, about two hundred yards from ’ the old place. Doctor Smith was the first has never been recorded in our histories, and provost in the University of Pennsylvania, the ground, until recently, never fixed with and his house, which was erected in 1773, is certainty. The clearing up and finishing of still standing, although materially altered. the historical picture of the Be volution in On the morning of the St1 of Atig' it,' Pennsylvania is due to William S. Baker, under the belief that the ene: had .. who has quite recently promulgated his dis¬ doned all designs against Philadelphia A camp wns‘broken, tin w as revit' ad1; covery. It is the purpose of tho Pennsyl¬ and started duck. on a u., *.. „ ~ j vania S,'n'"ty of S'™0 f J-*'e Bevolution. when Pickering records the fact that this day was I. the reservoir is erected, to mark this historic camp by a mural tablet. The occupation of ‘ -. m ; this ground By the continental army was ing retreat until the advent ot high license, not the only occasion during the war of the when the Rifle Association was refused the Revolution that it was used fox military right to sell liquor. The refusal of the Court 'purposes, as upon the occupation of to legalize the sale of liquid refreshments PhiknWUa by the British on the closed its doors to all but members, and tills 26th of .number, 1777, the left wing of the , park for the last few years has been merely a troops it' Gi b Britain under General Baron ^ memory. The majority of the Schuetzen Wil ia’ Lnv lausen, chief of the Hessians, § Park buildings have already been pulled i was stationed on this ground until October | down, and withiu a very short time nothing tie 19th ~ 1 at the time of the battle of { will remain to mark its site. A very hana- German wn, on October 4, these troops weie . some house on the reservoir property whicn brought brward to support those which > will also he razed is the old Bradbury man¬ Was bin on had attacked and driven from sion, situated on a slight elevation well back ! Mourn Airy. Geueral Kuyphausen no doubt ; from the lane and surrounded by old. trees occupied as his headquarters the house of Mr , Hill an a stone building situated on part ot t and ample lawns. the Hi estate south of Indian Queen lane, There are many handsome country places erected . 1772, was used as a smithy for the cavilrv This building is still standing, al- •- close by the site of the new reservoir. On its Xug. ir recent years it has several times • eastern boundary is located the magnifice nt been enlarged. It is well known as havm0 ^ mansion and attractive lawns of Samuel ! been th country seat of the late Dr. Horace ^ Bodine, while almost adjoining on the soul Evans, soil of Griffith Evans, who purchased | and west are the pretty homes of Ex Piu- the property in 1818. * j dent Abbott, of the Board of Educati I James Dobson, Mrs. Richard Hubbard, W 1 j in a ristorical account of the Queen Lane 1 Plateau a reference to Schuetzen Park, which ■ iam Williams and of the late W. E. Loud is inch -ted in the reservoir site, cannot be . From the reservoir west to the thickly-popv - overlooked. The Schuetzen property covers J lated section of the Falls the land is a steel ! an area of about nineteen acres, which m | continuous grade, and in consequence . ! has been expressed by residents m this vie 187° were purchased by the Philadelphia ity that the reservoir cannot be made su ■Rifle Association for the Schuetzen Verein cieutly secure to withstand the pressure o, ; - fromV uiam Wimley, costing with the im- ' capacity, and iu the event , i.prov -ments about $70,000. • The idea of the its. bursting a second John . town calamity would occur *-i ■ j Scq zen Verein in obtaining possession such an accident is hardly ■of tl i property was to improve it and make sible, as it must be rememl •- it a \sort for out-door sports. A shooting cd that this reservoir will De ‘-ranger is built; a dancing pavilion, said to supplied from pumping sta¬ he the largest iu the city, was erected. There tions and not by the flow of ' was also a banqueting hail, a music stanu, a natural streams; thus it will hostler’s hall and 73 horse stalls. From North J not be affected in any way by : Carolina several hundred trees w ere im¬ floods. The only danger of a ported and transplanted on the grounds, break that would come would f which were laid out attractively by a first- result from an overflow caused class landscape gardener. The oldVimley by puinning too much water stone mansion was also purenased and Re¬ into the basin. As long as the water is kept paired. The park soon became famous lor at the proper water line there need be no fear , the many large celebrations and festivities nf in overflow. It- is made a rule, I believe, held there. One of the most notable gather- l in the Bureau of Water that the l™e sha ings was after the conclusion of the Franco- not be permitted to go above a given point.

The construction of the reservoir will com ■ ! siderably alter the topography of the conn ry in its vicinity, as several streets will be en ! tirely obliterated. One of tbo objections to the reservoir made by the surrounding prop¬ erty-owners was that it would cut off the ( “dvate driveways of those residing south of , Abbott’s lane and who have no public hig way to reach their places at present and that I in consequence their land will be rendere almost valueless. This is no dou’it ajerious i Question, and some convenient means which these people may arrive and depart

i THE EVANS HOUSE, USED BY KNYPHAUSEN AS ! S fnew A SMITHY. out but necessarily their route w ill be more

j Prussian war in 1871, when 30,000 people.. I joined in the ceremonies, which were pre¬ ceded hv a monstrous street parade, iho next event of importance held there was a celebration organized by the Philadelphia voir and will consequently bo obliterate, ^ butchers during -the Centennial year, when well as Bowman street -rom Th Of hfrom thousands of people were present Horn all the Thirty-first street, Crawtord street irom I States iu the Union. The annual celebia- > tion of the Schuetzen Verem took place at i Whitsuntide, when the grounds were always i \ a ■ 1 crowded with enthusiastic Germans. I he Clan-

! na-gael, the Caledonians and the Cannstatter f.LTT f)llt 8S‘- Volksfest Verein made it their annual sport¬ origin in ail the sides on which he the world ; so that knowing a m»~ history wc may make some sort of . the way in which life does its sculpt on our lineaments, if we compare hi.- as we know him now with one taken he was a boy. The Times gives to-day some po, well-known Philadelphians, which eh as boys or young men and as they arc all Philadelphians in this year of grac 1S93. I hough The Times has received the hini est assistance from the originals of these ost in¬ teresting portraits, it has not been possi' .e i?. all cases to secure or retrace those relic of boy¬ ish days which give the early, the very ea ly, fathers of the noted men who now stand a mong the leaders of our municipal and indeed ua tional life. But in all cases a gap o years separates the two periods, a: in all cases the reader will find the comparison fruitful of interest and instruction _ *

)LD WIMLEY HOUSE, The early years of the life of Richard Vans were filled with promises of success wh eh ./-third to Thirty-first have been more than fulfilled in his latter 1 nd street from Abbottsforu avenue to days. He was born in 1816 in the old family n street and a portion of Old Indian \ ieen lane. residence on Arch street, above Second, i son E. Leslie of Roberts \ aux, the celebrated philanthro¬ pist and promoter of educational institutions and hospitals for the blind and deaf mutes. Mr. Vaux never attended school, but received

From, ...... a thorough education under the tutelage of his father and private teachers. The bar was always the Mecca of his boyish aims, and when he was 18 he begau to read law with the late William M. Meredith. His fathe was greatly opposed to athletic sports am f? A^~/r insisted that his son should spend his leisi Date, (' «■: -v > £ f A a| hours in learning carpentering and mason and even to-day Mr. Vaux could handle » , trowel or saw as skilfully as the best arti¬ H ithin the last ten or fifteen years we have sans. He was admitted to the bar in 1836, begun to give a new meaning to the familiar but immediately after his admission he went phrase “the boy is father of the man.” Few to London as Secretary of the American Le¬ people, it is true, now pretend to treat physi- gation. He was but 21 at the time. After nomy as a science in the sense in which it fulfilling his duties in London he traveled so denominated in the days of Lavater, extensively through the Continent, and be¬ e conclusions, though based upon intui- fore he returned to this country was offered ’ °f remarkable sagacity, were neverthe- the Secretaryship of the American Legation ■ ■ itirely intuitive and always did get and at St. Petersburg by Minister Da’h He get an ordinary man into trouble. But declined the oiler and returned to Philadel¬ ag aside these superficial and pleasing phia. r\ here he was immediately nominated riments in what may be called the tho- for the Legislature. - ! way of investigating the human face, The picture of him as a young map was “ '-.ve learned a little something from Gal- taken just after liis return from abroad toi, and others, and.have begun to think a The portrait of Mayor Stuart, taken when litt ; more definitely about expression. And he was 16, tells its own story. It is the por¬ wht i we say that the boy is father of the trait of a boy who started off in life with a man, we have a very real notion of the way determination to succeed, no matter what in which the boy is the raw material out of labor and self-denial the effort might cost. wL;"h the mental, moral and physical char- While there is an interval of a quarter of_a acti "istics of the man are developed. century between the two pictures the resem-~ 1 >e boy’s face is not always, not of neces¬ blance is marked, and one cannot fail to catch sity, ihe man’s face. Life may not yet have tfec expression of frankness and lionet ’y de¬ brought character to the surface, the will may picted in both. Mayor Stuart was be .-a in not vet have set its imprint on the features. Philadelphia December 28, 1853. E. is of Ti e j are hopes m later days to fail or suc¬ Scotch-Irish ancestry, and inherits the ster¬ ceed crises in later days to be mastered, as¬ ling qualities ot l)oth races. He ucee’vr hi: pirations to take shape and ideals to be early- education ut a school kept by a mis formed. And all these things fit in with and McElvane, at the’corner of Seventeenth ana grow out of a man’s whole life, and have their High streets, and at om p. Hate A l.oolof Missi stood of cate fpon er<- . aa

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RICHARD VAUX AT 2 DAY. McGrath, on Twenty-third street. Later the groundwork of his education in his native i on ho attended the Southwest Grammar town, and was imbued with sentiments of 1 School, then at the corner of Nineteenth piety, for which his natural disposition was so 1 Addison streets, in \the Seventh aptly formed. After leaving his home he ward. Before leaving school he had shown went to Thurles, where he entered the Chris¬ himself to be an attentive and receptive pupil tian Brothers’ school. He was an assiduous and a hard worker. Though gifted so liber¬ student, and his desire for the priest¬ ally by nature, the prospective Mayor was not hood having always been markedly shown, favored by the possession of a large stock of he was placed at the school of a Mr. worldly goods, and when he was 14 he found McNaughton in the parish of Rathmines, j it necessary to rely upon his own energies for where he began the study of the classics. support. While deliberating the question of While in Rathmines his incessant application earning a livelihood, he saw an advertisement to study and his ability were noticed by his in the • Public Ledger for a boy to work in teachers, and his cheerful and kindly disposi¬ Leary’s old book store. He applied for the tion as a school-fellow gained for him a cordial place and was employed at a salary of three and an affectionate respect. Even as a sch-11 dollars a week to do chores and run errands. boy he was distinguished for his tale r Young Stuart continued with the firm untiL

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JOHN RUSSELL YOUNG TO-DAY AND AT 16.

locumation and fine literary style, and when after Mr. Leary’s death, when he : the business from the estate, and ' schoolmates decided to prepare an conducted it with a success and prosp iress of sympathy to be read to O’C'on- beyond his expectation or hopes. 1 ' 1. who was then imprisoned in Rich- ical career has been even more bril 1 Bridewell, young Ryan was selected his business life, but in both cases i u elite it and read it to the patriot, two traits of character, perseveram ‘■’iing in his whole life more gratified the tegrity. nbishop than O’Connell’s impromptu The early picture of Archuishop R ech in reply. Resolving to devote himself taken when he was but a young p . missionary calling in this country, he the face is full of character, deter ■ red Carlow College, and after graduating and zeal, aud the geniality and 1. \

■w TLe^roriFse of Y0*1^

OF SOME OF PHILADELPHIA’S FAMOUS MEN TAKEN WH THEY WERE BOYS.

’ J U!" ■**»« Lop Ryan, Mayor Stuart, Mr. Wanamaker, Mr. Childs and Other Leading Citize . ed in Their School Days or in Their First Manhood and as We See Them 1 r-Day. Hide That Will Be Found of Unusual Interest to All Who Know Them.

.. j Mettratl j oil lie. School, j anti A ward. | f himself and a h; ally hjy I favord word it no sup; earning in the Leary?, plac/> dollars JOHN FIELD, POSTMASTER OF PHILADELPHIA, AT THE PRESENT DAY AND IN BOYHOOD. Young• 11 K'c entered” the employ of i ■ are depicted in his portrait of to-day company then doing business at th at of P t lacking. He was born on the 20th of Fourth and Market .streets as a ge li fcil- jlfcBhary, 1831, at Cloneyharp, near Thurles, ity boy. For his services he re fhe U'ty Tipperary, Ireland. He received munificent salary of 81.50 per weel ■ etter &| onor became an assistant to Rev. Peter place, however, soon offered itself e be- idrick. who presided over the diocese ouis. His advancement in the Church came a clerk and errand boy in th ;en unusually rapid, hut not more rapid store of Hayes & Zane. He was a %pis genius deserves or his zeal merits. ing, reliable and conscientious. A1 soon became popular with his en a in 1S88 Mr. Wanamaker was asked was not long before he left them t r rue tie a sketch of his life to be read at a store of J. K. Bennett. He rema there ation of the Young Men’s Christian about five years, passing through th ation at Bridgeton. N. J., he said:« grades from errand boy to head i atial aking. trying, toiling and trusting in: clerk. ) i all my biography.” He was the son- Iu 1858 ho accepted the positio’ cre- !fou Wanamaker, a brick manufacturer tary of the Y. M. C. A., and, with be. veep- ladelpliia, and was born down in the l tion of a few months, served in tha icity k” on July 11. 1837. His childhood until April 8, 1861, when, together his Ivore commonplace iu the extreme and j brother-in-law, Nathan Brown, erted j ot until he entered the public school the big clothing house which still ds at 3 - ’strict that he gave evidence of his the corner of Sixth and Market str e: His . He was a good mathematician and friends strongly advised him not . start in k .it the head of his class up to the business, as the war was impending but with :>iwhen it became necessary for him jtbe far-sightedness which has always charac- ■ ■■'' i " n his own living. At tht dge of j terized him he followed his own inclinations. WILLIAM B. MANN 3ND IN 1838. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to! find a man whose life has been a more shifting John Kussell Young was born in Chester 1 example than that of George W. Childs. There county, Pa., on November 20. 1840. When is no mai living who is more universally re¬ he was 4 years old his parents moved to Phil¬ spected or from whose career so many lessons adelphia and he attended the public school can be drawn. Every Philadelphian is fa¬ until he was 11, when he was far enough ad¬ miliar with the grand struggle which he made vanced to enter the High School, but was too from the time when he came to this city as a young tojbe admitted to that institution. He poor boy up to the day he became proprietor was then sent to New Orleans to live with an of the Ledger. He is a self-made man in the uncle, a merchant of that city. Here he at¬ truest sense of the word, and more than that, tended school and made his boyish essays in i for he lias all his life been helping others to journalism as the editor of a small paper'.

better 'their condition. issued by bis schoolmates. Wnenlie him was taken when he was 21. but the re-| was 16 he returned to this city and semblance between the two is marked. The same clear eyes and regular features are no¬ entered the office of William >S. Young ticeable. and in both may be seen his promi¬ as an apprentice to the printing business. nent characteristics—amiability, benignity, The boyish picture was taken a few months rectitude and sincerity. after his return from the South. The mo- suotony of type-setting was uncongenial to

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