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Les Anneaux Pariétaux Du Paléolithique Supérieur Européen

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Les Anneaux Pariétaux Du Paléolithique Supérieur Européen Année universitaire 2015-2016 Les anneaux pariétaux du Paléolithique supérieur européen. Perforations anthropiques sur support rocheux (bloc, paroi, plafond) des abris ornés du Grand Sud-Ouest français. Présenté par Aurore GUIGUE. Sous la direction de Camille BOURDIER. Mémoire présenté le 05/09/2016 devant un jury composé de : Mme Camille BOURDIER, Maître de conférences en art préhistorique. M. François BON, Professeur des universités en archéologie préhistorique. Mme Geneviève PINÇON, Responsable du Centre National de Préhistoire. Mémoire de Master 1 mention Histoire, Arts et Archéologie Spécialité Arts et Cultures de la Préhistoire et de la Protohistoire : Europe, Afrique Remerciements Je dois ces pages à de nombreuses personnes qui m’ont encouragée, écoutée, ouvert des réserves muséales, indiquée des pistes bibliographiques ou discuté avec passion de mon sujet. Je suis particulièrement reconnaissante à Camille Bourdier, la directrice attentive et exigeante de ces recherches, pour sa confiance, sa disponibilité et surtout son regard toujours plus optimiste et rassurant que le mien sur mon travail. Toute ma gratitude va à Isabelle Castanet, pour m’avoir ouvert les portes du petit musée familial à Sergeac – une chambre des merveilles méticuleusement ordonnée où le temps est suspendu et les pierres à anneaux assoupies – celles de l’abri Reverdit et jusqu’à celles de sa maison, avec tellement de gentillesse. Je suis très reconnaissante à Jean-Jacques Cleyet-Merle, qui m’a autorisé l’accès aux collections et aux réserves du Musée National de Préhistoire, ainsi que toute l’équipe sur place qui m’a accueillie chaleureusement, guidée dans les méandres des inventaires et accompagnée d’étagères en vitrines avec patience et intérêt : André Morala, Peggy Bonnet- Jacquement et Bernard Nicolas. Je remercie également Vincent Mistrot au Musée d’Aquitaine et Véronique Merlin-Anglade au Musée d’Art et d’Archéologie du Périgord, de m’avoir accueillie dans les réserves, chacun- e avec la volonté de faciliter mes recherches et de nourrir mes réflexions. Un immense merci à Bruno Bosselin pour son apport à la partie statistique de ce travail, grâce à la réalisation et au commentaire des AFC. Je n’oublie pas ma découverte privilégiée et émue de la grotte de Comarque et des œuvres de Cap-Blanc, grâce à Camille Bourdier, encore. J’adresse une pensée enthousiaste à Jean-Marie Dumora, médiateur culturel et tailleur de silex émérite du Parc pyrénéen de l’art préhistorique, pour nos discussions enrichissantes, la transmission de connaissances concrètes et son regard pragmatique sur l’objet de mon travail. Enfin, je remercie du fond du cœur mes proches, en particulier mon compagnon qui m’a suivi à Toulouse pour que je poursuive mes études, et mon fils qui, s’il n’a pas aidé à ma concentration, est une inébranlable source de motivation dans ma vie. Sommaire Remerciements INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………..…………………..…………1 I. CADRES ET ENJEUX DE L'ETUDE ........................................................................................ 4 A. Historiographie. ........................................................................................................................... 7 1. Premières mentions contrastées ............................................................................................... 7 2. Premières approches typo-technologiques .............................................................................. 8 3. La problématique fonctionnelle ............................................................................................... 9 B. Objectifs de l’étude : première approche typo-chronologique. ................................................. 11 1. Etablir un corpus exhaustif .................................................................................................... 12 2. Un bilan synthétique à l’échelle du Paléolithique supérieur européen .................................. 12 3. Une première caractérisation morpho-typologique ............................................................... 13 II. CORPUS DE L’ÉTUDE ............................................................................................................. 16 A. Constitution du corpus. .............................................................................................................. 18 1. Méthodologie d’inventaire .................................................................................................... 18 2. Un corpus non exhaustif ........................................................................................................ 19 3. Constitution d’une base de données ...................................................................................... 20 B. Présentation du corpus. .............................................................................................................. 23 1. Les gisements aurignaciens ................................................................................................... 23 2. Les gisements gravettiens ...................................................................................................... 36 3. Les gisements solutréens ....................................................................................................... 42 4. Les gisements magdaléniens ................................................................................................. 45 5. Les anneaux à l’attribution chronoculturelle indéterminée ................................................... 58 C. Premiers éléments d’analyse. .................................................................................................... 64 1. Un phénomène circonscrit au Grand Ouest français ............................................................. 64 2. Un aménagement tout au long du Paléolithique supérieur .................................................... 66 3. Liens entre anneaux, habitat et art ......................................................................................... 68 III. MÉTHODOLOGIE D’ANALYSE ............................................................................................ 70 A. Critères analytiques : choix et limites. ...................................................................................... 72 1. Support .................................................................................................................................. 73 2. Morphologie et morphométrie ............................................................................................... 74 3. Taphonomie ........................................................................................................................... 82 4. Contexte................................................................................................................................. 85 IV. PREMIÈRES CARACTÉRISATIONS MORPHO-TYPOLOGIQUE : VERS DE PREMIERS ÉLÉMENTS MORPHO-TECHNOLOGIQUE ? ....................................................... 87 A. Caractérisation morpho-typologique. ........................................................................................ 89 1. Les critères de support ........................................................................................................... 89 2. Les critères intrinsèques de l’anneau ..................................................................................... 92 3. Analyses croisées (diamètre, morphologie du support, topographie, typologie) : des critères sous influence(s) ? ......................................................................................................................... 98 4. Discussion sur la réattribution de blocs indépendants en éléments effondrés de plafond ... 105 B. Première approche taphonomique. .......................................................................................... 106 1. Degré d’intégrité des anneaux ............................................................................................. 106 2. Les morphologies de fracture : indices de différents modes d’utilisation ? ........................ 111 C. Contexte : une fonction symbolique ? Liens entre anneaux et graphismes pariétaux. ............ 113 1. Associations avec graphismes pariétaux ............................................................................. 113 2. Localisation des anneaux sur les figures pariétales ............................................................. 115 3. Taphonomie des anneaux associés aux graphismes pariétaux ............................................ 118 D. Contexte : une fonction utilitaire ? Liens entre anneaux au sein d’un même site. .................. 119 CONCLUSION GENERALE ET PERSPECTIVES….………………..………..………….125 V. BIBLIOGRAPHIE .................................................................................................................... 131 VI. TABLE DES ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................. 143 VII.ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................... 150 A. Annexe 1 : fiches inventaire des sites ...................................................................................... 152 B. Annexe 2 : fiches inventaire des anneaux ............................................................................... 175 C. Annexe 3 : documents complémentaires ................................................................................. 335 Introduction Ce travail s’inscrit dans le prolongement
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