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Dental Abnormalities and Oral Pathology of the Pataud 1 Upper Paleolithic Human Sébastien Villotte, A.R

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Dental Abnormalities and Oral Pathology of the Pataud 1 Upper Paleolithic Human Sébastien Villotte, A.R Dental Abnormalities and Oral Pathology of the Pataud 1 Upper Paleolithic Human Sébastien Villotte, A.R. Ogden, E. Trinkaus To cite this version: Sébastien Villotte, A.R. Ogden, E. Trinkaus. Dental Abnormalities and Oral Pathology of the Pataud 1 Upper Paleolithic Human. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’anthropologie de Paris, Springer Verlag, 2018, 10.3166/bmsap-2018-0020. hal-02266524 HAL Id: hal-02266524 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02266524 Submitted on 26 Feb 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. BMSAP DOI 10.3166/bmsap-2018-0020 NOTE / NOTE Dental Abnormalities and Oral Pathology of the Pataud 1 Upper Paleolithic Human* Anomalies dentaires et pathologie orale du sujet Pataud 1 daté du Paléolithique supérieur S. Villotte · A.R. Ogden · E. Trinkaus Received: 26 March 2018; Accepted: 25 July 2018 © Société d’Anthropologie de Paris et Lavoisier SAS 2018 Abstract We have re-evaluated the dental abnormalities and Keywords Dental impaction · Supernumerary tooth · oral pathology evident on the Mid-Upper Paleolithic Pataud Periodontitis · Septicemia 1 skeleton, including additional remains recently excavated for this individual, in an effort to expand current knowledge Résumé Les anomalies dentaires et la pathologie orale du of Pleistocene human paleopathology, in light of current squelette Pataud 1, datant du Paléolithique supérieur clinical and paleopathological assessments of oral variation moyen et pour lequel de nouveaux éléments osseux et den- and diseases. The young adult female Pataud 1 presents an taires ont été récemment découverts, sont réévaluées à la 3 impacted right M , widespread periodontitis, large retromo- lumière des avancées cliniques et paléopathologiques afin lar voids, double right maxillary supernumerary (paramolar) d’accroître notre connaissance sur la pathologie des popula- teeth, and new bone deposition on the medial mandibular tions pléistocènes. Cette jeune femme adulte présente une rami and posterior maxillae. The Pataud 1 remains thus troisième molaire supérieure droite incluse, une parodontite join a substantial sample of Pleistocene humans with con- généralisée, de larges lacunes osseuses rétromolaires, deux genital/developmental abnormalities, some of which (as in dents surnuméraires au niveau des molaires du maxillaire Pataud 1) consequently resulted in secondary abnormalities. droit et des traces d’os néoformé sur les branches mandibu- 3 M impaction and supernumerary teeth are known in a cou- laires et les faces postérieures des maxillaires. Pataud 1 rejoint ple of other Mid-Upper Paleolithic individuals, and mild to ainsi l’ensemble important du sujets pléistocènes présentant moderate periodontal disease appears to have been wide- des anomalies congénitales ou développementales parfois spread. However, such marked resorption of the alveolar associées (et c’est le cas pour Pataud 1) à des atteintes sec- margin in a young adult is unusual, and the secondary ondaires. L’inclusion des M3 et les dents surnuméraires sont inflammation (possibly septicemia) leading to new bone connues pour quelques autres sujets du Paléolithique supér- deposition is otherwise unknown in the sample and may ieur moyen, et les parodontites de stade léger ou modéré sont have led to her death. fréquentes. Toutefois, une résorption alvéolaire aussi mar- quée chez un sujet jeune est rare, et l’inflammation secon- daire (potentiellement septicémie) qui a entraîné la produc- S. Villotte (*) tion d’os nouveaux et qui peut avoir causé la mort du sujet CNRS, UMR 5199 PACEA, bâtiment B8, allée Geoffroy- est inconnue pour cet échantillon. Saint-Hilaire, université de Bordeaux, CS 50023, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France e-mail : [email protected] Mots clés Dent incluse · Dent surnuméraire · Parodontite · Septicémie A.R. Ogden Biological Anthropology Research Centre, Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom Introduction E. Trinkaus Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Paleobiological analyses of Pleistocene human remains have Saint-Louis MO 63130, United States identified a number of developmental abnormalities among them, giving the impression of an elevated level of such var- * Grant Sponsorship: Leakey Foundation, Agence Nationale de la iants, which may be the consequence of pre- and/or post- Recherche (ANR GRAVETT’OS [ANR-15-CE33-0004]). natal stress or genetic variants (see [1] and references 2 BMSAP therein). It is unclear to what extent each of these develop- Final Gravettian, Level 2 dates to 28,000–26,000 cal BP mental abnormalities impaired the functioning of the indi- [20]. As a result of the recent excavations, it has been possi- vidual involved, although at least some of them remained ble to add to the sample of Level 2 human remains substan- physically active throughout their lives [e.g., 2–6]. In addi- tially, re-sort them by individual, and to draw inferences with tion, several Pleistocene individuals (Dolní Věstonice 15, regard to the associated mortuary behavior at the Abri Tianyuan 1, Sunghir 3, Qafzeh 12, Romito 2, El Sidrón Pataud [13,14]. As a result, the P1 skeleton is substantially adult-2) appear to have sustained lesions, directly or indi- more complete than originally described, thereby rendering rectly, as a consequence of their primary abnormalities the inventories of the human remains from Petit-Maire et al. [4,5,7–10]. These Pleistocene human paleopathological [21] and Billy [12] incomplete and partially inaccurate. cases raise questions regarding the levels of developmental Of primary concern, here are the dental abnormalities and stress, inbreeding, social support, and (in the Late Pleisto- associated facial skeletal lesions of P1. The remainder of her cene) differential mortuary treatment of the afflicted indivi- preserved skeletal remains is free of pathological lesions. duals [1,7,11]. They therefore provide indirect reflections of The bones, and especially the alveolar processes, are excep- the behavioral and adaptive patterns of these Pleistocene tionally well-preserved for the Late Pleistocene (Figs. 1 and humans. 2). The specimen was examined visually and using a 10× In this context, it is important to provide detailed assess- lens. The cranium of P1 was also investigated using μCT ments of Pleistocene individuals with developmental abnor- scans provided by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturel- malities. The late Mid-Upper Paleolithic skeleton from the leAU: Please consider translating this to English.. Dental Abri Pataud, Pataud 1 (P1) [12–14], exhibits a suite of dental wear was recorded following Smith [22] and Lovejoy [23]. developmental anomalies and lesions. Some of these were Periodontal disease was recorded following Kerr [24,25] and described by Legoux [15,16]. However, additional human Ogden [26]. remains from the Abri Pataud (especially of P1), reassign- ment of skeletal remains by individual, and a more holistic assessment of the P1 partial skeleton [13] provides further Results insights into its anomalies (and possible cause of death). The Pataud 1 dentition Materials and methods There is moderate occlusal wear on all of the teeth apart from the third molars (Figs 1–6). There is exposure of cuspal den- Originally described by Billy [12] and Legoux [15–17], the tine on all first molars, premolars, canines and incisors P1 skeleton is now known to retain the cranium and mandi- (Smith stage 4; Lovejoy phase D). The wear is slightly ble with all of the teeth except two lower incisors, 23 verte- greater on the left side. The crowns of all of the third molars brae, 15 ribs, a clavicle, a partial humerus, 42 hand bones, are fully erupted from the alveoli, with the occlusal surfaces portions of both coxal bones, one femur, both patellae, and of the lower molars erupted to the level of the occlusal plane. 3 33 pedal remains [13]. P1 represents the remains of a young The left M is within 1 mm of occlusal contact with the adult female [14]. The sex assessment done on the left coxal M3AU: Please check the position of 3 and 2 in M as there 3 bone [14] is supported by the small mastoid processes and are occurrences of subscript (M3 and M2), superscript (M 2 relatively gracile cranium (in an Upper Paleolithic context) and M ) and online (M3), as well in this article., but the right 3 (Fig. 1). The spheno-occipital synchondrosis is partially M is 4–5 mm out of contact, as a result of its mesio-angular fused, as is the proximal clavicular epiphysis, but all of the impaction against the distal bulge above the amelo-cemental teeth (including the M3s) are fully formed with closed-root junction of the second molar (Figs 2, 3). apices. The auricular surface retains clear transverse stria- The crown morphology of the P1 dentition is largely tions. Combined, these indicators suggest that this individual unexceptional in an Upper Paleolithic context, with occlusal died at some point during the third decade of life, most likely complexity present primarily on the M3s. However, the in her early 20s [14]. mandibular molars are progressively larger distally (M1 < The P1 skeleton is associated with five other individuals, M2 <M3), and the M3s (length × breadth of 153.3 and 2 two adults (P3 and P5) represented by upper limb remains, 150.3 mm ) are among the largest known for the Early and two infants (P2 and P4), and a juvenile (P6) [14]. They all Mid-Upper Paleolithic. They are matched only by Předmostí 2 2 derive from Level 2 of the Abri Pataud, Les Eyzies- 3 (152.3 mm ) and exceeded only by Oase 1 (170.5 mm ) de-Tayac/Sireuil, Dordogne, France (44° 56′ 13″ N, 1° 0′ [27,28].
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