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Uhm Phd 7417216 R.Pdf INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing pagels) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. 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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb ROEd Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 74-17,216 PETERSON, Susan Blackmore, 1946­ DECISIONS IN A MARKET: A STUDY OF THE HONOLULU FISH AUCTION. University of Hawaii, Ph.D., 1973 Anthropology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan' - - -- --- ":;' - -- - THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. DECISIONS IN A MARKET: A STUDY OF THE HONOLULU FISH AUCTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF OOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANTHROPOLOGY DECEMBER 1973 By Susan Blackmore Peterson Dissertation Committee: Alice G. Dewey, Chairman Ben Finney Richard Lieban Anthony J. Marsella Brian Murton ABSTRACT The fish market in Honolulu, a city of native Hawaiians and of the descendants of Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Samoan, and Caucasian immigrants, was the setting for the dissertation research. The objective of the research was to discover the ways in which decisions were made regarding the sale of fish. In addition to the main objective, the dissertation includes detailed information about fishing boats, crews, methods for catching, handling, packing and selling fish, the people who sell fish and those who bUy it. The variety of ethnic groups in Honolulu, their relative economic status in the community, their traditions, holidays and celebrations are also considered as they relate to catch­ ing, selling and buying fish. Several conclusions are drawn regarding (1) theoretical problems in decision research, particularly problems related to generalizations about strategies and comparability of strategies and decisions; (2) methodological problems, particularly those regarding language differences; (3) the future of the fish market it­ self, its dealers, fishermen, customers, and the likelihood that it will survive into an age of steel boats and massive fishing enterprises. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT. •••• .. · . ::. ., . e iii LIST OF TABLES •• · . ... ·. .. ·.. vi LIST OF FIGURES • . • • •• ·.. · . • • • vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION. •• ··· · · •• ·· • · 1 Introduction. •• · •••• · • • · • 1 Theoretical Background. ••• · • • · • 2 Economic Anthropology • · •• • • · 17 Methodology • · •• ···· • · • · • • 20 CHAPTER II FISH AND FISHING BOATS. · • · • ·· • · • · 30 Introduction. • • ··· • · •• • • • ••• 30 Aku Boats • · • · • · ••• · • • · • • ·· 35 Ahi Boats e e ·· •• · • · • ··· • •• · 39 Deep Sea Boats. • · • · ••• · • • ···· 50 Aku1e Boats • ·· • < · •• · • ••••• • 53 Night Fishing Boats • • · • · • · • • · 56 Crab Boats. · ··· • · •••• • • · • •• 58 Marketing Options for Fishermen · • • • · · 59 CHAPTER III THE AUCTION ·· • • ···· • ·· · • · • · 64 Introduction. ••••••••••••••• 64 The Auction House and Auction Services. •• 65 The Auctioneer.. •• ••••••••• 77 The Big Fish Auction. ••••••••• •• 85 The Bidding. •••••••••••• •• 87 Non-verbal Bids. •••••••••••• 88 Interaction on the Auction Floor •••• 90 Verbal Bids. •••••••••••••• 93 The Small Fish Auction. •••••••••• 95 Conclusion••••••••••••••••• 106 CHAPTER IV THE DEALERS: COLLECTIVELY AND SEPARATELY •• 110 Introduction. ••••••••••••••• 110 Supply of Fish ••••••••••••• 111 Needs. ••••••••••••••• ~ • 115 Costs•••••••••••••••••• 123 The Dealers ••••••••••••• • •• 126 v CHAPTER V A BIG FISH DEALER. ••• •••••• 141 Introduction •••••••••••••• 141 Dealers in the Auction ••••••• 142 Inspecting b~e Fish. •••••••••• 143 Choosing Among Alternatives••••••• 150 Strategies of a Big Fish Dealer. •••• 155 Computer Simulation of the Fish Auction ••••••••••••••• 177 CHAPTER VI A SMALL FISH DEALER. • . 191 Introduction •••• •• •• •• 191 Dealer Relationship with Customers and Fishermen •••••••••••• 192 Volume of Sales•••••••• ~ •••• 199 Factors Affecting Supply •••••••• 204 Big and Little Busi.nesses. ••••• 207 CHAPTER VII CONCLUSIONS •• ..... .. •• 212 Introduction •••••••••••••• 212 The Fishermen, Fish Dealers and Auction Company •••• •• 212 The Fishermen •••••••• ·• 214 The Fish Dealers. ••••••• ••• 219 The Auction Company •••••• ••• 224 Theoretical Problems in Decision Research. •••••••••••••• 226 Methodological Problems. •••• •• 231 APPENDICES: I COMMONLY CAUGHT FISH FOR THE HAWAIIAN MARKET ••••••••••••••••• 236 II WEEKLY· SUMMARY OF AUCTION A..~D RETAIL PRICES FOR THIRTY KINDS OF FISH. •• • • 240 III AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES FOR ';.7 SPECIES OF FISH SOLD BY SMALL FISH DEALERS ••• 275 IV COMPLETE DATA FOR ONE DAY •• . • 281 BIBLIOGRAPHY . ..... .... •• • • • • • 283 LIST OF TABLES 1 Number of Fishing Trips and Number of Ahi Caught by 18 Ahi Boats from May through July, 1972. ••••••••••••••• 46 2 Number of Fishing Trips and Number of Ahi Caught by 18 Ahi Boats from May Through July, 1972; Relative Price Received by Same 18 Boats from May to August, 1972 ••••••• • • 48 3 Common Bids Used in the Big Fish Auction. • ·. 96 4 The Fish Dealers. • .. • • .. · . 130 5 Choice Among Alternative Qualities of Ahi by Six Dealers •••••••••••••••••••• 151 6 Daily Aku Sales • • • . .. ... ... · . 163 7 Takeshi's Purchases During One Week. •• • • • • • 167 8 Sale of a 111 Pound Ahi • ... .. ... .. .. • 175 9 Sale of a 121 Pound Ahi •• • • •• • • ... · . • 176 10 The Effect of Supply and Demand for Fish on Price. ................ 180 11 The Effect of Weather and Aku Supply on Price ................... • • • • 182 12 The Effect of Difference in Supply on Price • · . • 183 13 Predictions of Top Prices for Ahi Compared to Actual Prices. ••••••••••••••••• 188 14 Three Days: Purchases and Sales•• ·. • 201 15 Compared Aku and Ahi Catches. ••• . • 217 LIST OF FIGURES 1 A Decision Process. .. ...... .. 9 2 The Auction Floor • .. · . .. .. .. 105 3 Map of Downtown Honolulu. ·.. ...... 109 4 Buying Fish at Auction. • · . ... .. 173 5 A Generalized Strategy for Small Fish Dealers . 205 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Introduction The fish market in Honolulu, a city of native Hawaiians and of the descendants of Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Samoan, portuguese,l and other Caucasian immigrants, was the setting for this dissertation research. The objective of this research was to discover the ways in which decisions are made regarding the sale of fish. In addition to the main objective, the dissertation includes detailed information about fishing boats, crews, methods for catching, handling, packing and selling fish, the people who sell fish and those who buy it. The variety of ethnic groups, their relative economic status in the community, their traditions, holidays and celebrations are also considered as they relate to catching, selling and buying fish. All of this information is necessary to fully understand the decision-making process. The research strategy is discussed throughout this work; although most detail is given in the latter chapters where two methods for dealing in fish, the ways in which choices are made, the factors influencing choice from the lportuguese are classified as a separate group from haoles in Hawaii although classified as Caucasians by most Europeans. Perhaps because they were a separate immigrant group which maintained its language and customs in the face of the New England missionaries, they were perceived as something other than haole. 2 social and natural environment, and the results of choices are covered in detail. Finally, several conclusions are drawn regarding (1) theoretical problems in decision research, particularly problems related tc generalizations about strategies and comparability of strategies and decisions~ (2) methodological problems, particularly those regarding language differences~ (3) the future of the fish market itself, its dealers,
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