Fibonacci & Other Integer Sequences – Mod 9 by Anthony Morris
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A NEW LARGEST SMITH NUMBER Patrick Costello Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY 40475 (Submitted September 2000)
A NEW LARGEST SMITH NUMBER Patrick Costello Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY 40475 (Submitted September 2000) 1. INTRODUCTION In 1982, Albert Wilansky, a mathematics professor at Lehigh University wrote a short article in the Two-Year College Mathematics Journal [6]. In that article he identified a new subset of the composite numbers. He defined a Smith number to be a composite number where the sum of the digits in its prime factorization is equal to the digit sum of the number. The set was named in honor of Wi!anskyJs brother-in-law, Dr. Harold Smith, whose telephone number 493-7775 when written as a single number 4,937,775 possessed this interesting characteristic. Adding the digits in the number and the digits of its prime factors 3, 5, 5 and 65,837 resulted in identical sums of42. Wilansky provided two other examples of numbers with this characteristic: 9,985 and 6,036. Since that time, many things have been discovered about Smith numbers including the fact that there are infinitely many Smith numbers [4]. The largest Smith numbers were produced by Samuel Yates. Using a large repunit and large palindromic prime, Yates was able to produce Smith numbers having ten million digits and thirteen million digits. Using the same large repunit and a new large palindromic prime, the author is able to find a Smith number with over thirty-two million digits. 2. NOTATIONS AND BASIC FACTS For any positive integer w, we let S(ri) denote the sum of the digits of n. -
2019 Practice Mathcounts Solutions
2019 Practice Mathcounts Solutions Austin Math Circle January 20, 2019 1 Sprint Round Problem 1. What is the sum of the first five odd numbers and the first four even numbers? Solution. This is simply the sum of all the integers one through nine, which is 45 . Proposed by Jay Leeds. Problem 2. Shipping a box costs a flat rate of $5 plus $2 for every pound after the first five pounds. How much does it cost to ship a 18-pound box? Solution. An 18-pound box has 13 excess pounds, so our fee is 13 $2 $5 $31 . ¢ Å Æ Proposed by Jay Leeds. Problem 3. In rectangle ABCD, AB 6, BC 8, and M is the midpoint of AB. What is the area of triangle Æ Æ CDM? Solution. We see that this triangle has base six and height eight, so its area is 6 8/2 24 . ¢ Æ Proposed by Jay Leeds. Problem 4. Creed flips three coins. What is the probability that he flips heads at least once? Express your answer as a common fraction. 3 Solution. There is a ¡ 1 ¢ 1 chance that Creed flips no heads, so the probability that he flips at least once heads 2 Æ 8 7 is 1 1 . ¡ 8 Æ 8 Proposed by Jay Leeds. Problem 5. Compute the median of the following five numbers: A 43 , B 4.5, C 23 , D 22, and E 4.9. Æ 9 Æ Æ 5 Æ Æ Write A, B, C, D, or E as your answer. Solution. We can easily sort 22 4, 4.5, and 4.9. -
How to Make Mathematical Candy
how to make mathematical candy Jean-Luc Thiffeault Department of Mathematics University of Wisconsin { Madison Summer Program on Dynamics of Complex Systems International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Bangalore, 3 June 2016 Supported by NSF grant CMMI-1233935 1 / 45 We can assign a growth: length multiplier per period. the taffy puller Taffy is a type of candy. Needs to be pulled: this aerates it and makes it lighter and chewier. [movie by M. D. Finn] play movie 2 / 45 the taffy puller Taffy is a type of candy. Needs to be pulled: this aerates it and makes it lighter and chewier. We can assign a growth: length multiplier per period. [movie by M. D. Finn] play movie 2 / 45 making candy cane play movie [Wired: This Is How You Craft 16,000 Candy Canes in a Day] 3 / 45 four-pronged taffy puller play movie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7tlHDsquVM [MacKay (2001); Halbert & Yorke (2014)] 4 / 45 a simple taffy puller initial -1 �1 �1�2 �1 -1 -1 -1 1�2 �1�2 �1 �2 [Remark for later: each rod moves in a ‘figure-eight’ shape.] 5 / 45 the famous mural This is the same action as in the famous mural painted at Berkeley by Thurston and Sullivan in the Fall of 1971: 6 / 45 The sequence is #folds = 1; 1; 2; 3; 5; 8; 13; 21; 34;::: What is the rule? #foldsn = #foldsn−1 + #foldsn−2 This is the famous Fibonacci sequence, Fn. number of folds [Matlab: demo1] Let's count alternating left/right folds. 7 / 45 #foldsn = #foldsn−1 + #foldsn−2 This is the famous Fibonacci sequence, Fn. -
Conjecture of Twin Primes (Still Unsolved Problem in Number Theory) an Expository Essay
Surveys in Mathematics and its Applications ISSN 1842-6298 (electronic), 1843-7265 (print) Volume 12 (2017), 229 { 252 CONJECTURE OF TWIN PRIMES (STILL UNSOLVED PROBLEM IN NUMBER THEORY) AN EXPOSITORY ESSAY Hayat Rezgui Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to gather as much results of advances, recent and previous works as possible concerning the oldest outstanding still unsolved problem in Number Theory (and the most elusive open problem in prime numbers) called "Twin primes conjecture" (8th problem of David Hilbert, stated in 1900) which has eluded many gifted mathematicians. This conjecture has been circulating for decades, even with the progress of contemporary technology that puts the whole world within our reach. So, simple to state, yet so hard to prove. Basic Concepts, many and varied topics regarding the Twin prime conjecture will be cover. Petronas towers (Twin towers) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11A41; 97Fxx; 11Yxx. Keywords: Twin primes; Brun's constant; Zhang's discovery; Polymath project. ****************************************************************************** http://www.utgjiu.ro/math/sma 230 H. Rezgui Contents 1 Introduction 230 2 History and some interesting deep results 231 2.1 Yitang Zhang's discovery (April 17, 2013)............... 236 2.2 "Polymath project"........................... 236 2.2.1 Computational successes (June 4, July 27, 2013)....... 237 2.2.2 Spectacular progress (November 19, 2013)........... 237 3 Some of largest (titanic & gigantic) known twin primes 238 4 Properties 240 5 First twin primes less than 3002 241 6 Rarefaction of twin prime numbers 244 7 Conclusion 246 1 Introduction The prime numbers's study is the foundation and basic part of the oldest branches of mathematics so called "Arithmetic" which supposes the establishment of theorems. -
Solutions and Investigations
UKMT UKMT UKMT Junior Mathematical Challenge Thursday 30th April 2015 Organised by the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust supported by Solutions and investigations These solutions augment the printed solutions that we send to schools. For convenience, the solutions sent to schools are confined to two sides of A4 paper and therefore in many casesare rather short. The solutions given here have been extended. In some cases we give alternative solutions, and we have included some exercises for further investigation. We welcome comments on these solutions. Please send them to [email protected]. The Junior Mathematical Challenge (JMC) is a multiple-choice paper. For each question, you are presented with five options, of which just one is correct. It follows that often you canfindthe correct answers by working backwards from the given alternatives, or by showing that four of them are not correct. This can be a sensible thing to do in the context of the JMC. However, this does not provide a full mathematical explanation that would be acceptable if you were just given the question without any alternative answers. So for each question we have included a complete solution which does not use the fact that one of the given alternatives is correct. Thus we have aimed to give full solutions with all steps explained. We therefore hope that these solutions can be used as a model for the type of written solution that is expected when presenting a complete solution to a mathematical problem (for example, in the Junior Mathematical Olympiad and similar competitions). These solutions may be used freely within your school or college. -
GOLDEN and SILVER RATIOS in BARGAINING 1. Introduction There Are Five Coins on a Table to Be Divided Among Players 1 to 4. the P
GOLDEN AND SILVER RATIOS IN BARGAINING KIMMO BERG, JANOS´ FLESCH, AND FRANK THUIJSMAN Abstract. We examine a specific class of bargaining problems where the golden and silver ratios appear in a natural way. 1. Introduction There are five coins on a table to be divided among players 1 to 4. The players act in turns cyclically starting from player 1. When it is a player's turn, he has two options: to quit or to pass. If he quits he earns a coin, the next two players get two coins each and the remaining player gets nothing. For example, if player 3 quits then he gets one coin, players 4 and 1 get two coins each and player 2 gets no coins. This way the game is repeated until someone quits. If nobody ever quits then they all get nothing. Each player can randomize between the two alternatives and maximizes his expected payoff. The game is presented in the figure below, where the players' payoffs are shown as the components of the vectors. pass pass pass pass player 1 player 2 player 3 player 4 quit quit quit quit (1; 2; 2; 0) (0; 1; 2; 2) (2; 0; 1; 2) (2; 2; 0; 1) Bargaining problems have been studied extensively in game theory literature [4, 6, 7]. Our game can be seen as a barganing problem where the players cannot make their own offers but can only accept or decline the given division. Furthermore, the game is a special case of a so-called sequential quitting game which have been studied, for example, in [5, 9]. -
EVALUATION of VARIOUS FACIAL ANTHROPOMETRIC PROPORTIONS in INDIAN AMERICAN WOMEN Chakravarthy Marx Sadacharan
Facial anthropometric proportions Rev Arg de Anat Clin; 2016, 8 (1): 10-17 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Original Communication EVALUATION OF VARIOUS FACIAL ANTHROPOMETRIC PROPORTIONS IN INDIAN AMERICAN WOMEN Chakravarthy Marx Sadacharan Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, American University of Antigua (AUA), Antigua, West Indies RESUMEN ABSTRACT El equililbrio y la armonía de los diferentes rasgos de The balance and harmony of various facial features la cara son esenciales para el cirujano quien debe are essential to surgeon who requires facial analysis in analizar la cara para poder planificar su tratamiento. the diagnosis and treatment planning. The evaluation La evaluación de la cara femenina se puede hacer por of female face can be made by various linear medio de medidas lineales, angulares y proporciones. measurements, angles and ratios. The aim of this El propósito de esta investigación es examinar varias study was to investigate various facial ratios in Indian proporciones faciales en las mujeres aborígenes American women and to compare them with the Indian americanas y compararlas con las normas de las and Caucasian norms. Additionally, we wanted to personas indias (de India) y las personas caucásicas. evaluate whether these values satisfy golden and Tambien queriamos saber si estas normas satisfacen silver ratios. Direct facial anthropometric measur- las proporciones de oro y de plata. Las medidas ements were made using a digital caliper in 100 Indian faciales antropometricas se tomaron utillizando un American women students (18 - 30 years) at the calibre digital en cien estudiantes aborigenes American University of Antigua (AUA), Antigua. A set americanas (18-30 años) en la Universidad Americana of facial ratios were calculated and compared with de Antigua (AUA). -
Mathematical Constants and Sequences
Mathematical Constants and Sequences a selection compiled by Stanislav Sýkora, Extra Byte, Castano Primo, Italy. Stan's Library, ISSN 2421-1230, Vol.II. First release March 31, 2008. Permalink via DOI: 10.3247/SL2Math08.001 This page is dedicated to my late math teacher Jaroslav Bayer who, back in 1955-8, kindled my passion for Mathematics. Math BOOKS | SI Units | SI Dimensions PHYSICS Constants (on a separate page) Mathematics LINKS | Stan's Library | Stan's HUB This is a constant-at-a-glance list. You can also download a PDF version for off-line use. But keep coming back, the list is growing! When a value is followed by #t, it should be a proven transcendental number (but I only did my best to find out, which need not suffice). Bold dots after a value are a link to the ••• OEIS ••• database. This website does not use any cookies, nor does it collect any information about its visitors (not even anonymous statistics). However, we decline any legal liability for typos, editing errors, and for the content of linked-to external web pages. Basic math constants Binary sequences Constants of number-theory functions More constants useful in Sciences Derived from the basic ones Combinatorial numbers, including Riemann zeta ζ(s) Planck's radiation law ... from 0 and 1 Binomial coefficients Dirichlet eta η(s) Functions sinc(z) and hsinc(z) ... from i Lah numbers Dedekind eta η(τ) Functions sinc(n,x) ... from 1 and i Stirling numbers Constants related to functions in C Ideal gas statistics ... from π Enumerations on sets Exponential exp Peak functions (spectral) .. -
Sequences of Numbers Obtained by Digit and Iterative Digit Sums of Sophie Germain Primes and Its Variants
Global Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. ISSN 0973-1768 Volume 12, Number 2 (2016), pp. 1473-1480 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Sequences of numbers obtained by digit and iterative digit sums of Sophie Germain primes and its variants 1Sheila A. Bishop, *1Hilary I. Okagbue, 2Muminu O. Adamu and 3Funminiyi A. Olajide 1Department of Mathematics, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Nigeria. 2Department of Mathematics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria. 3Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Nigeria. Abstract Sequences were generated by the digit and iterative digit sums of Sophie Germain and Safe primes and their variants. The results of the digit and iterative digit sum of Sophie Germain and Safe primes were almost the same. The same applied to the square and cube of the respective primes. Also, the results of the digit and iterative digit sum of primes that are not Sophie Germain are the same with the primes that are notSafe. The results of the digit and iterative digit sum of prime that are either Sophie Germain or Safe are like the combination of the results of the respective primes when considered separately. Keywords: Sophie Germain prime, Safe prime, digit sum, iterative digit sum. Introduction In number theory, many types of primes exist; one of such is the Sophie Germain prime. A prime number p is said to be a Sophie Germain prime if 21p is also prime. A prime number qp21 is known as a safe prime. Sophie Germain prime were named after the famous French mathematician, physicist and philosopher Sophie Germain (1776-1831). -
Problems Archives
Cache update: 56 minutes Problems Archives The problems archives table shows problems 1 to 651. If you would like to tackle the 10 most recently published problems then go to Recent problems. Click the description/title of the problem to view details and submit your answer. ID Description / Title Solved By 1 Multiples of 3 and 5 834047 2 Even Fibonacci numbers 666765 3 Largest prime factor 476263 4 Largest palindrome product 422115 5 Smallest multiple 428955 6 Sum square difference 431629 7 10001st prime 368958 8 Largest product in a series 309633 9 Special Pythagorean triplet 313806 10 Summation of primes 287277 11 Largest product in a grid 207029 12 Highly divisible triangular number 194069 13 Large sum 199504 14 Longest Collatz sequence 199344 15 Lattice paths 164576 16 Power digit sum 201444 17 Number letter counts 133434 18 Maximum path sum I 127951 19 Counting Sundays 119066 20 Factorial digit sum 175533 21 Amicable numbers 128681 22 Names scores 118542 23 Non-abundant sums 91300 24 Lexicographic permutations 101261 25 1000-digit Fibonacci number 137312 26 Reciprocal cycles 73631 27 Quadratic primes 76722 28 Number spiral diagonals 96208 29 Distinct powers 92388 30 Digit fifth powers 96765 31 Coin sums 74310 32 Pandigital products 62296 33 Digit cancelling fractions 62955 34 Digit factorials 82985 35 Circular primes 74645 36 Double-base palindromes 78643 37 Truncatable primes 64627 38 Pandigital multiples 55119 39 Integer right triangles 64132 40 Champernowne's constant 70528 41 Pandigital prime 59723 42 Coded triangle numbers 65704 43 Sub-string divisibility 52160 44 Pentagon numbers 50757 45 Triangular, pentagonal, and hexagonal 62652 46 Goldbach's other conjecture 53607 47 Distinct primes factors 50539 48 Self powers 100136 49 Prime permutations 50577 50 Consecutive prime sum 54478 Cache update: 56 minutes Problems Archives The problems archives table shows problems 1 to 651. -
Metallic Ratios in Primitive Pythagorean Triples : Metallic Means Embedded in Pythagorean Triangles and Other Right Triangles
Journal of Advances in Mathematics Vol 20 (2021) ISSN: 2347-1921 https://rajpub.com/index.php/jam DOI: https://doi.org/10.24297/jam.v20i.9088 Metallic Ratios in Primitive Pythagorean Triples : Metallic Means embedded in Pythagorean Triangles and other Right Triangles Dr. Chetansing Rajput M.B.B.S. Nair Hospital (Mumbai University) India, Asst. Commissioner (Govt. of Maharashtra) Email: [email protected] Website: https://goldenratiorajput.com/ Lecture Link 1 : https://youtu.be/LFW1saNOp20 Lecture Link 2 : https://youtu.be/vBfVDaFnA2k Lecture Link 3 : https://youtu.be/raosniXwRhw Lecture Link 4 : https://youtu.be/74uF4sBqYjs Lecture Link 5 : https://youtu.be/Qh2B1tMl8Bk Abstract The Primitive Pythagorean Triples are found to be the purest expressions of various Metallic Ratios. Each Metallic Mean is epitomized by one particular Pythagorean Triangle. Also, the Right Angled Triangles are found to be more “Metallic” than the Pentagons, Octagons or any other (n2+4)gons. The Primitive Pythagorean Triples, not the regular polygons, are the prototypical forms of all Metallic Means. Keywords: Metallic Mean, Pythagoras Theorem, Right Triangle, Metallic Ratio Triads, Pythagorean Triples, Golden Ratio, Pascal’s Triangle, Pythagorean Triangles, Metallic Ratio A Primitive Pythagorean Triple for each Metallic Mean (훅n) : Author’s previous paper titled “Golden Ratio” cited by the Wikipedia page on “Metallic Mean” [1] & [2], among other works mentioned in the References, have already highlighted the underlying proposition that the Metallic Means -
Dynamics of Units and Packing Constants of Ideals
Perspectives • Continued Fractions in Q(√D) Dynamics of units and • The Diophantine semigroup packing constants of ideals • Geodesics in SL2(R)/SL2(Z) • (Classical) Arithmetic Chaos • Well-packed ideals Curtis T McMullen 1 Harvard University • Dynamics of units on P (Z/f) • Link Littlewood & Zaremba conjectures Continued Fractions Diophantine numbers Q. How to test if a real number x is in Q? x = [a , a , a , a , ...] = a + 1 0 1 2 3 0 a + 1 Q. How to test if a real number x is in Q(√D)? 1 a2 + 1 a3 + ... 1 x = [a0, a 1, a 2, a 3, ...] = a0 + a1 + 1 a2 + 1 BN = {x real : ai ≤N} a3 + ... BN-Q is a Cantor set of dim→1 as N→∞. A. x is in Q(√D) iff ai’s repeat. Conjecture: x algebraic and Diophantine iff x is rational or quadratic Diophantine sets in [0,1] Examples BN = {x : ai ≤N} γ = golden ratio = (1+√5)/2 = [1,1,1,1....] = [1] σ = silver ratio = 1+√2 = [2] [1,2,2,2] (√30) B2 [1,2] Q(√3) Q [1,2,2] Q(√85) [1,1,1,2] Q(√6) [1,1,2] Q(√10) [1,1,2,2] Q(√221) B4 Question: Does Q(√5) contain infinitely many periodic continued fractions with ai ≤ M? Thin group perspective Theorem Every real quadratic field contains infinitely GN = Diophantine semigroup in SL2(Z) many uniformly bounded, periodic continued fractions. generated by Wilson, Woods (1978) 01 01 01 ( 11) , ( 12) ,...( 1 N ) . Example: [1,4,2,3], [1,1,4,2,1,3], [1,1,1,4,2,1,1,3]..