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The Genera Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema and Punctelia The Genera Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema and Punctelia (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota) in Belarus Author(s): Andrei Tsurykau, Vladimir Golubkov & Pavel Bely Source: Herzogia, 28(2):736-745. Published By: Bryological and Lichenological Association for Central Europe DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13158/heia.28.2.2015.736 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.13158/heia.28.2.2015.736 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/ page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non- commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. 736 Herzogia 28 (2) Teil 2, 2015: 736 –745 The genera Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema and Punctelia (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Belarus Andrei Tsurykau*, Vladimir Golubkov & Pavel Bely Abstract: Tsurykau, A., Golubkov, V. & Bely, P. 2015. The genera Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema and Punctelia (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Belarus. – Herzogia 28: 736 –745. A revision of all available specimens demonstrated that the genera Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema and Punctelia were each represented in Belarus by two species, Hypotrachyna revoluta and H. afrorevoluta, Parmotrema perlatum and P. stuppeum, and Punctelia jeckeri and P. subrudecta, respectively. The distribution of these genera in Belarus is re- viewed, and their conservation status is discussed. Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta and Punctelia jeckeri are reported from Belarus for the first time, and the occurrence of Parmotrema perlatum is confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. Zusammenfassung: Tsurykau, A., Golubkov, V. & Bely, P. 2015. Die Gattungen Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema und Punctelia (Parmeliaceae, lichenisierte Ascomycota) in Weißrussland. – Herzogia 28: 736 –745. Eine Revision aller verfügbaren Belege der Gattungen Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema und Punctelia zeigte, dass jede dieser Gattungen mit zwei Arten in Weißrussland vertreten ist, nämlich Hypotrachyna revoluta und H. afrorevolu­ ta, Parmotrema perlatum und P. stuppeum, Punctelia jeckeri und P. subrudecta. Die Verbreitung dieser Gattungen im Lande sowie ihre Gefährdung und ihr Schutzstatus werden diskutiert. Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta und Punctelia jeckeri werden erstmals aus Weißrussland gemeldet und das Vorkommen von Parmotrema perlatum wurde durch dünnschichtchromatographische Untersuchung bestätigt. Key words: Biodiversity, distribution, conservation, threatened species, red list. Introduction The currently known lichen biota of Belarus includes about 550 species of lichenized (Yurchenko 2011) and 30 species of lichenicolous fungi (Tsurykau et al. 2013, 2014) and most probably many species remain undiscovered. Although the distribution of sterile spe- cies and microlichens are the least known, as demonstrated by Bely (2012), Tsurykau & Czarnota (2014) and Tsurykau et al. (2012, 2014), our knowledge of macrolichens also seems to be far from complete. This contribution concentrates on three genera, Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema and Punctelia, considered to be threatened in Belarus. Methods The present study is based on available collections from the following lichen herbaria: GRSU, GSU, MSK, MSKH and MSKU. Morphology was examined under the stereo microscope for thallus colour, and shape, size and position of soralia. Lichen substances were investigated * Corresponding author Tsurykau et al.: The genera Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema and Punctelia in Belarus 737 by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in solvent system C following the methods described by Culberson & Kristinsson (1970) and Orange et al. (2001). The spot test reaction with K (10 % KOH solution) was applied for Parmotrema specimens. The statistical significance of intergroup differences in measurements was tested by using an independent sample t-test. A two-tailed P-value less than 0.01 was considered as statistically significant. Table 1 provides contingency information of observed cell totals and, within brackets, the expected cell totals, together with Chi-square, P and significance values. Results The revision of Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema and Punctelia revealed that each of the genera was represented by two species in Belarus, namely Hypotrachyna revoluta (Flörke) Hale, H. afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) Krog & Swinscow, Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) M.Choisy, P. stuppeum (Taylor) Hale, Punctelia jeckeri (Roum.) Kalb and P. subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog. Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta and Punctelia jeckeri are new to the country, and the first contemporary record of Parmotrema perlatum is presented. The genus Hypotrachyna (Vain.) Hale Hypotrachyna revoluta s. l. was first recorded in Belarus in the 1980s by Golubkov (1985, 1986) and since then it has been recorded from several localities mainly within protected areas. The species was included in the Red Data Book of Belarus as vulnerable (Darafeeu 1993, Khoruzhik 2005). Among the Belarusian material of H. “revoluta”, two species were identified, H. revoluta s. str. and H. afrorevoluta, the former (32 specimens) being somewhat more common than the latter (26 specimens). Similar distributions have been noted in Austria, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Scandinavia and Switzerland (Masson 2005, Clerc 2006, Spier et al. 2007, Ertz et al. 2008, Flakus & Kukwa 2009, Breuss & Spier 2010, Elix & Thell 2011). Both species are chemically identical, but can be distinguished mor- phologically (Ertz et al. 2008, Flakus & Kukwa 2009). Hypotrachyna revoluta forms api- cal soralia and farinose soredia, whereas soralia of H. afrorevoluta are laminal and pustulate, and soredia are granular. According to Ertz et al. (2008) the species also differ by the colour of lower surface of young lobes, being dark brown and shiny in H. afrorevoluta, and pale brown and matt in H. revoluta. Although soralia were well developed, we checked the lower surface of all specimens. Based on our experience, H. afrorevoluta has dark brown to black and matt lobe margins while in H. revoluta the lobe margins are pale brown and shiny, but not matt. The same morphological characters were noted in Polish material by Flakus & Kukwa (2009). Contingency tables for the glossiness and colour of the lower surface versus species affiliation are shown in Table 1, together with the χ2 values. In both cases, χ2 exceeds the critical value at P = 0.01 suggesting that the features defined above are not randomly distributed among the species. The association between species affiliation (groups) and morphological characters (outcomes) is considered to be extremely statistically significant and can be used for the deter- mination of young, deformed or degenerated lichen thalli. Habitat requirements in Belarus: Both species of Hypotrachyna inhabit humid mature and old-growth black alder forests showing preference to Alnus glutinosa. Nevertheless, H. afro­ revoluta is more confined to black alder while H. revoluta seems to be less specialized to par- 738 Herzogia 28 (2) Teil 2, 2015 Table 1: Contingency tables for glossiness (a) and colour (b) of lower surface of Hypotrachyna thalli versus species affiliation. (a) glossiness Species Row totals matt shiny H. afrorevoluta 20 (9.60) 4 (14.40) 24 H. revoluta 2 (12.40) 29 (18.60) 31 Column totals 22 33 55 (Grand total) (b) colour Species Row totals dark brown pale brown H. afrorevoluta 14 (8.29) 10 (15.71) 24 H. revoluta 5 (10.71) 26 (20.29) 31 Column totals 19 36 55 (Grand total) (a) χ2 = 33.32, p < 0.01, d.f. = 1; (b) χ2 = 10.66, p < 0.01, d.f. = 1. ticular phorophyte species (Fig. 1). In Europe Hypotrachyna species prefer oceanic zones and mountainous areas (Almborn 1948, Kupfer-Wesely & Türk 1987, Lumbsch et al. 2008), while on plains their populations decline and extinction becomes more likely (Pišút 1984, Cieśliński et al. 1986). In Belarus lack of air moisture and scattered distribution of old black alder woods are the main factors limiting growth of these species. In localities with reduced levels of air moisture, specimens of Hypotrachyna are more likely to be found with poorly developed thalli. 30 25 20 15 10 H. afrorevoluta Number of of Number specimens 5 H. revoluta 0 Substrate Fig. 1: Substrate preferences of Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta and H. revoluta in Belarus. Tsurykau et al.: The genera Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema and Punctelia in Belarus 739 Distribution in Belarus and neighbouring countries: Both species are rare in Belarus, being recorded mainly from the southern part of the country (Fig. 2). Hypotrachyna revoluta s. l. is considered as a vulnerable (VU) species (Khoruzhik 2005). On the basis of the number of known collections and the fact that only 8 specimens of H. revoluta s. str. have been col- lected during the last two decades, this species should be considered as endangered (EN) while H. afrorevoluta seems to be critically endangered due to the lack fresh material and should therefore be
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