Parmeliaceae, Ascomycetes Liquenizados)

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Parmeliaceae, Ascomycetes Liquenizados) LUCIANA DA SILVA CANÊZ Estudos taxonômicos em Punctelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycetes Liquenizados) Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Ambientais. SÃO PAULO 2009 LUCIANA DA SILVA CANÊZ Estudos taxonômicos em Punctelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycetes Liquenizados) Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Ambientais. ORIENTADOR: DR. MARCELO PINTO MARCELLI Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela Seção de Biblioteca do Instituto de Botânica Canez, Luciana da Silva C215e Estudos taxonômicos em Punctelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycetes liquenizados) / Luciana da Silva Canez -- São Paulo, 2009. 274 p. il. Tese (Doutorado) -- Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, 2009 Bibliografia. 1. Liquens. 2. Punctelia. 3. Taxonomia. I. Título CDU : 582.29 Aos meus pais, Alaor C. Canêz e Nelí S. Canêz pelo amor incondicional. AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de agradecer à Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do estado de São Paulo – FAPESP pela bolsa de estudos (Processo No. 04/12192-2). Ao Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo pela oportunidade de desenvolver todo o trabalho. Às coordenadoras do curso de Pós-Graduação Dra. Sonia Machado Campos Dietrich, Dra Solange C. Mazzoni-Viveiros e a toda comissão de pós-graduação. Especialmente a Márcia Regina Ângelo (Marcinha) por todo carinho com que sempre me tratou nestes anos de pós- graduação. Ao meu orientador, Dr. Marcelo Pinto Marcelli, por todos estes anos de excelente convívio, por compartilhar seus conhecimentos, discutir idéias e por contribuir na minha formação acadêmica e pessoal. Também à sua esposa, Dra Agnes Elisete Luchi, por ser quase uma liquenóloga entre nós. Obrigada, Marcelo, seus ensinamentos serão para sempre. À International Association for Plant Taxonomy – IAPT pela bolsa concedida, que culminou na visita aos herbários Farlow (FH) e Field Museum (F), nos E.U.A. À American Bryological and Lichenological Society – ABLS e International Association for Lichenology – IAL, pelo custeio de algumas despesas para participar do IAL – 6 em Asilomar, California, E.U.A. Aos curadores dos herbários que emprestaram materiais para a realização deste trabalho: ANUC, ASU, BM, BP, CANB, CHR, COLO, DUKE, F, G, GB, H, HO, IMI, K, L, LD, LG, LSU, M, MEL, MICH, MOR, NY, O, OMA, PC, S, TNS, TUR, US, W, ZT, ICN, HAS e UPCB. Aos chefes da Seção de Micologia e Liquenologia, Dra. Adriana de Mello Gugliotta, Dra Carmem L. A. Pires-Zotarelli e Dr. Marcelo Marcelli, que em diferentes momentos permitiram o acesso e uso de equipamentos. Também agradeço aos pesquisadores desta seção Dra. Iracema H. Schoenlein-Crusius, Dr. José Ivanildo de Souza, Dra Marina Capelari, Msc. Michel Navarro Benatti, Dra. Rosely Ana Piccolo Grandi e Dra Vera Vitali pelo bom convívio de todos estes anos. Aos professores das disciplinas que ajudaram em minha formação pessoal e acadêmica estes anos no Instituto de Botânica: Dr. Carlos Bicudo, Dr. Jefferson Prado, Dr. Marcelo Marcelli, Dra Olga Yano, Dra Rosely Ana Piccolo Grandi, Dra Marisa Domingos e Dr. Tarciso Filgueiras. À Dra Neli Kika Honda, da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, que nos recebeu e transmitiu valiosos ensinamentos sobre química de liquens. Obrigada por sua dedicação, sanando dúvidas e sempre disposta a ajudar. Ao Dr. Teuvo Ahti pelas bibliografias enviadas e especialmente pelas valiosas informações e consultas nomenclaturais. Da mesma maneira gostaria de agradecer ao Dr. Roland Moberg. Muito especialmente ao Dr. Jefferson Prado pelas conversas sobre o Código de Nomenclatura Botânica e por responder tão prontamente às dúvidas relacionadas a este assunto. Obrigada ao Dr. Robert Egan e Dr. Tom Nash III pelas informações e comentários. À Dra. Emily Wood e muito especialmente à Dra. Michaela Schmull, que prepararam com carinho nossa estadia em Harward e que calorosamente nos receberam, colocando à nossa disposição todos os equipamentos necessários. À bibliotecária de Harward University, Judith A. Warnement e sua equipe, pela eficiência em localizar as obras solicitadas. Ao Dr. Donald H. Pfister (Harward University) por nos receber em Farlow Herbarium e compartilhar de seus conhecimentos. Ao Dr. Thorsten Lumbsch e Dra Khwanruan Papong por nos receberem no Field Museum em Chicago, e nos prestarem toda a assistência necessária. Ao Dr. John Elix pelas bibliografias e pelos dados químicos. Especialmente ao casal de liquenólogos Dr. Robert Lücking (Robert) e Msc. Eimy Rivas- Plata (Eimy) e à pequena liquenóloga Natasha, que abriram as portas da sua casa em Chicago para que a estadia fosse proveitosa. Muito obrigada pela confiança de vocês e pela minuciosa preparação de nossa chegada. Claro, isso inclui o detalhado manual que preparam ensinando- nos como “sobreviver” em Chicago... Obrigada pelo exemplo, vocês são especiais! À bibliotecária do Instituto de Botânica, Maria Helena Simões Costa Fernandes Gallo. À Irene Francisca Lucato por toda eficiência e ótimo atendimento no serviço de fotocópias. Ao colega e subcurador de liquens, Msc. Michel Navarro Benatti, por todo carinho e dedicação com que cuidou dos trâmites burocráticos dos empréstimos solicitados. Obrigada, Michel por teu empenho em resolver cada problema! À Msc. Priscila da Silva pela ajuda no preparo e adequação na técnica de lâminas permanentes, à Msc. Juçara Bordin pela confecção dos mapas, ao Msc. Pedro Bond pela correção do abstract e ao Msc. Denílson Fernandes Peralta pela ajuda nas coletas. Obrigada Dra Andréa Araujo pelo auxílio nas coletas e a Dra Luciane Crossetti pelo envio de bibliografias. À Susana Bissacot por compartilhar dos resultados de sua tese. Ao amigo e novo taxonomista de liquens, Marcos Junji Kitaura, pela companhia e disposição em sempre ajudar. Também à recém chegada ao grupo de liquens, Bianca da Hora. Aos colegas e amigos do Alojamento do Instituto de Botânica, que fizeram parte da minha vida em diferentes épocas, mas que sempre serão lembrados: Aline Andréia Cavalari, Angélica Pavezzi, Angélica Righetti, Bárbara Medeiros Fonseca, Berta Lúcia P. Villagra, Camila Malone, Carlos Eduardo Wetzel, Carolina Gash Moreira, Denílson Fernandes Peralta, Diógina Barata, Eduardo Custódio Gasparino, Fernanda Ferrari, Fernanda Karstedt, Fernanda Ramlov, Gisele A. Nóbrega, Janaina M. Gonçalvez dos Santos, Juçara Bordin, Kléber Renan S. Santos, Luciane Crossetti, Priscila da Silva, Sabrina Latansio Costa Ribeiro e Sandra Vieira da Costa. Bom, dizem que quem encontra um amigo encontra um tesouro, então posso dizer que sou rica! Tenho vários tesouros, cada um com seu valor diferente e beleza rara. Vocês todos moram no meu coração! Obrigada Berta Lúcia P. Villagra, Carlos E. Wetzel (Cati), Fernanda Ferrari (Fê), Juçara Bordin (Juci), Kleber Renan S. Dos Santos (Klebinho), Priscila da Silva (Pri), Regina Hirai (Rê), Patrícia Jungbluth (“PAT”), vocês souberam tornar cada dia melhor. Passamos por muitos momentos, uns ruins, outros maravilhosos e ter compartilhado esses momentos com vocês foi um presente de Deus. Juntos somos mais fortes! Angélica valeu as dicas de beleza; Berta obrigada pelo teu bom humor e decisão, qualquer coisa eu já sei “chama a Berta...”; Carlos Eduardo Wetzel (Cati) obrigada por trazer o Rio Grande do Sul mais perto em cada comentário gaudério; Fê Ferrari obrigada pela tua doçura, Kléber obrigada pelos registros fotográficos de cada momento; Luciana J. Gimenes (Luluzona) obrigada por toda ajuda; Regina (Rê) obrigada por essa minuciosidade japonesa e pela revolução em nossa culinária. Patrícia obrigada por dividir os problemas liquenológicos, pelas muitas discussões que tivemos e principalmente pela tua companhia em todos os momentos, “baita parceria”. Se tu continuar neste ritmo em que me acompanhou nesses últimos meses vai terminar a tese antes do tempo... Ah, também tem os mates, os sorvetes e os bolos... Priscila (Pri) obrigada por esse turbilhão de energia e por esse sorriso que diminui os problemas, por ser um exemplo de força e coragem. Tua companhia é a certeza de diversão! Juci não terei palavras suficientes para agradecer toda a tua ajuda nesta loucura final de tese e em todos os momentos, foram os mapas, as imagens, o banco de dados e muitas outras coisas. Porém, a grande diferença foi tua companhia e teus exemplos do bem. Obrigada pelas caminhadas, pelas inúmeras conversas que tiveram mais efeito que qualquer terapia, pela companhia em todas as horas, pela organização de jantares, pelos doces (incluindo os da tua mãe...), pela alegria. Tu és a pessoa mais do bem que eu conheço. Obrigada mesmo! Também um agradecimento especial aos moradores do apartamento Lili (Lianas e Liquens), Berta, Patrícia e Adriano, pelo nosso excelente convívio e pelos bons momentos que dividimos e especialmente por compartilharem da opinião “como é bom ter uma casa”! O fundo do meu coração agradeço ao meu porto seguro: meu pai, Alaor Canêz, a minha mãe, Nelí S. Canêz, minha irmã Kelly S. Canêz e meu irmão, Cristiano S. Canêz. Também aos “agregados” que foram escolhidos à dedo, os meus cunhados Juliano E. Huve e Carla R. da Costa. Obrigada à vocês que estão sempre resolvendo minhas pendências no sul porque eu faço questão de ficar com um pezinho aí. Obrigada por entenderem a ausência, e principalmente porque, mesmo estando tão longe, vocês estão sempre tão perto. Eu sinto toda a força de vocês e sem isso eu não teria chegado até aqui, obrigada! À família Teixeira: Adonis, Olinda, Patrick, Dickson e João Vitor. Vocês são demais! Obrigada por me receberem em Caxias do Sul nas minhas idas e vindas e por estarem sempre ao meu lado, compartilhando momentos únicos. Adriano Afonso Spielmann, como poderei te agradecer?! Obrigada pela leitura de tudo, pelas correções atentas, pelo empréstimo do computador nesses momentos finais, pelas bibliografias e especialmente pelas muitas discussões. Adri, obrigada por teu carinho sempre e por não medir esforços para estar ao meu lado.
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