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Constancea 85: Tucker, Catalog of California Lichens

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Constancea 85: Tucker, Catalog of California Lichens Constancea 85, 2014 University and Jepson Herbaria California Lichen Catalog CATALOG OF LICHENS, LICHENICOLES AND ALLIED FUNGI IN CALIFORNIA (second revision) Shirley C. Tucker Cheadle Center for Biodiversity, Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106–9610 USA; Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, CA; and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 [email protected] Type all or part of a lichen name into the search box. search ABSTRACT This second revision of the California lichen catalog reports 1,869 taxa at species level and below (of which 58 are recognized at the level of variety, subspecies, or forma) for the state, an increase of about 295 taxa since 2006, and 565 taxa since the 1979 catalog. The number of genera is 340, an increase of 43 since 2006. The lichen flora of California includes about 35% of the 5,246 species and 52% of the 646 genera reported for the continental United States and Canada. All known references are given that cite each species as occurring in California. Synonyms are cross-referenced to the current names. Accepted names are listed first, followed by names of taxa that are either excluded or not confirmed. The bibliography includes 1158 publications pertaining to California lichens (citations through 2011, and some from 2012). Key words: California; Flora; Lichens; Lichenicoles The 34 years since publication of the first catalog of California lichens (Tucker & Jordan 1979) have seen enormous changes in accepted names of lichens, particularly an increase in generic names. The Tucker & Jordan catalog was originally based on literature records assembled by William A. Weber that were contributed to the cryptogamic herbarium at the University of California, Berkeley, CA, where they are deposited. Since then, California lichen material has been examined critically in many genera, resulting in recognition of many new taxa and necessitating many name changes. The need for a revised lichen checklist for California became markedly apparent, particularly because of an increased interest in lichen collecting in California. An online revised catalog was published in 2006 in Constancea. Now, seven years later, so many changes have occurred that it is considered best to publish the entire revised catalog. The catalog is intended to provide a current, comprehensive picture of the species known to occur in California. I consider it a working document that is subject to change. Although a catalog is never complete, the current version should be made easily available to lichenologists and collectors in California and elsewhere. The great geographic diversity in the state of California is responsible for the relatively large number of lichens found here. The state includes 158,297 square miles (409,990 km2) and extends from 32°32' to 42° north latitude. Climates vary greatly according to elevation and other factors. Yearly precipitation ranges from under 2 inches (5 cm) in the deserts to over 65 inches (165 cm) in the north coastal counties. Elevations range from 282 feet (86m) below sea level in Death Valley to 14,494 ft. (4,419 m) at the summit of Mt. Whitney. The state includes a wide range of habitats for lichens: deserts, sand dunes, mountain ranges, rain forests, montane forests, oak savanna, chaparral, and seacoast. The Mojave, Colorado, and Sonoran deserts are represented in the southern part. Mountain ranges include the Sierra Nevada along most of the eastern boundary, the coast ranges, and desert ranges. In the south, the San Gabriel, Santa Monica, Santa Ynez, Tehachapi, and other ranges have been explored for lichens since the 1870's. Yosemite National Park, in the central part of the Sierra Nevada, was one of the earliest sites collected by Bolander and others. Records from Tucker & Jordan (1979) are included for completeness for accepted names, and in some cases for synonyms or lists of references where useful. The continuing literature search for state reports since 1979 was begun independently by the author and B.D. Ryan, and was eventually combined. Publications (1158) include monographs, lichen floras, field trip reports, and other articles, plus some unpublished theses and government reports. References from the 1979 publication are included that reported the species under its present name or some additional synonyms, or that represent scarce reports for a species. The references to specific collections include initials of the herbaria (Holmgren et al. 1990) where they are housed. If no herbarium is indicated, the collections are presumed to be held by the collector. Unfortunately, most large holdings of California lichen collections are located in institutions out of the state. A study of literature citations for the state shows how frequently a species has been collected, and thereby suggests the level of abundance or rarity. The literature citations also provide a means of locating particular lichen collections for comparison, and for determining geographic locations where a species has been found. While distributions in California are not included in the catalog, some information on distribution can be gleaned from a review of the authors of papers cited. Central and northern California collections have been reported by Baltzo, Bourell, Doell, Cooke, Hammer, Herre, Jordan, Jovan, Lindsay, Malachowski, McGee, E. Peterson, Pinelli, Robertson, Shevock, Sigal, D. Smith, Sweet, Tavares, Thiers, Toren, and Wright. Authors who collected primarily in southern California (or reported on southern collections, including the CA Channel Is.) include Bowler, Bratt, Eckfeldt, Hasse, Howe, Hue, Knudsen, McClatchie, Merrill, Moxley, Nash, Orcutt, Parish, and Zahlbruckner. Collectors who have collected and reported from throughout California include Arup, Bolander, Hale, Magney, Printzen, Riefner, Ryan, Sanders, Thomson, Timdal, Tucker, Weber, and Wetmore. The total number of lichen taxa reported here for California is 1,868, compared to 999 (1060 including subspecific taxa) in the first catalog (Tucker & Jordan 1979) and 1,575 species in the 2006 version. The species number known has more than doubled since 1945, when Herre (1945) reported 794 species and varieties known in California. The lichen flora of California includes about 35% of the 5246 spp. in 646 genera in the Esslinger list, (version 17) species reported for the continental United States and Canada by Esslinger (2011). The number of genera represented in California has increased from 170 in 1979, to 339 in 2012, about 52% of the genera found in the United States and Canada. I follow approximately the format used in the Esslinger list. Taxa are arranged alphabetically, with accepted taxa first (in boldface), followed by names in italics that are either synonyms, possible misidentifications, or names of taxa erroneously attributed to the state. Generic names are in caps the first time they occur. Some generic synonyms are included, if they have been cited for California. Synonymy is not intended to be comprehensive, but includes those names under which the taxa have been reported for California. The source for synonyms, if not given in the text, is usually Esslinger and Egan (1995) or Esslinger's online list (2011). For full citations of older names, Tucker & Jordan (1979) should be consulted. Names have been checked against the Esslinger (#17, posted 6 May 2011) online updated checklist for the continental United States and Canada (URL is given in References). [Authorities follow those in Esslinger (2011) except where discrepancies with Index Fungorum or Zahlbruckner's Catalogus Lichenum Universalis could not be resolved in Esslinger's favor.] For species having few or no published reports in California, collection data of verified representative collections from California are included. Where a choice of several collections was available, I selected records that show the broadest geographic range within the state, or that have not been published previously. In some cases, I cite the opinions of experts about problematical reports of species. Some entries are reported based only on a report from a secondary source, such as Fink (1935), Tucker & Jordan (1979), Hale & Cole (1988), or Brodo et al. (2001). Because Tucker & Jordan is cited so frequently, it is referred to as "TJ" in the text. Knowledge concerning lichenicolous fungi has increased greatly since the first lichen catalog for California was published. These are fungi that are either gall-forming or commensals, and live on other lichens (Hawksworth et al. 1995). 212 of the accepted taxa in this list are lichenicolous, saprophytic, or related fungi of uncertain status. The identifications by specialists such as P. Diederich, D. Triebel, J. Kocourková, and K. Knudsen are responsible for 200 species in 82 genera reported in the current work, compared to seven species in five genera in 1979. Many more lichenicoles are likely to be found and identified for the state, as collectors become familiar with them. Much of California remains to be explored lichenologically. Most collectors have concentrated on coastal areas and around major centers of population. The profound influence of individual collectors can be seen in the work of two early collectors, Hermann E. Hasse (Los Angeles area, published 1895–1915), and Albert W. C. T. Herre (around Santa Cruz, published 1906–1963). Of the lichens in early reports for California (primarily by Hasse or Herre), 86 species have not been collected for 100 years, since 1913; another 15 species have not been re-collected for over 75 years (since 1935); and another 27 have not been collected for over 60 years (since 1950). Encouraging evidence of renewed enthusiasm for collecting shows that 42 species have recently been re-collected by Kocourková & Knudsen that had not been collected for at least 50 years. 111 species of lichens currently appear to be endemic to California and are so labeled in the text. An additional 47 species are endemic to California plus Baja California, Mexico. Status as an endemic can change with an altered concept of a particular species or by discovery of the species outside the known geographic range.
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