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1St-PIURN-Conference-Proceedings Réseau de Recherche des Universités du Pacifique Insulaire (PIURN) First Conference of Pacific Islands Universities Research Network Remerciements Cet ouvrage n'aurait pas été possible sans l'aide précieuse de Stéphanie Geneix-Rabault Elatiana Razafimandimbimanana Serge Tcherkézoff René Zimmer Directeur de publication Bernard Rigo ISBN : 979-10-91032-01-8 © PUNC - Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 2016. Tous droits de traduction, reproduction, adaptation et représentation réservés pour tous pays. Land, Custom and History in Samoa Leasiolagi Malama 183 Meleisea Sommaire ICT and the elderly Susana Taua'a 193 Island That Stands Alone: Tom Ryan 207 Discours d’ouverture du 3 nov. 2014 lors de la Gaël Lagadec 7 Sociocultural Transformation on Niue première conférence du PIURN 3. Etat/Droit : Gouvernance coutumière et droit traditionnel insulaire 4 Introductory speech Jito Vanualailai 11 à la terre au Vanuatu et ailleurs 5 Genèse et thème de la première conférence PIURN Serge Tcherkézoff 13 Terres coutumières et développement durable Patrick Rory 213 La dynamique d’appartenance exclut l’idée même de Bernard Rigo 15 Quels développements sur notre terre ? Marc Tabani 221 propriété Aperçus historiques sur les convoitises foncières à Tanna (Vanuatu) 1. Les relations d’appartenance à la terre : Les expressions/rituels de l’appartenance 4. La terre et la mer : environnement, changements climatiques Le lien social à la terre en pays hyeehen : Patrice Godin 21 permanence et transformations Régime foncier marin en Polynésie française : Tamatoa Bambridge 237 la question de l’incorporation des normes locales, et Pauline Fabre Référence à la TERRE/MER : l’orientation spatiale Suzie Bearune 35 le cas du Rahui dans les langues océaniennes Heritage Designation of Tangible Cultural Frank R. Thomas 251 Les expressions et transformations de l’appartenance Denis Monnerie 41 Resources in Kiribati: Racing against the Rising et de l’altérité dans les cérémonies kanak Tide Quand les mots/maux de la terre m¯a’ohi justifient Steve Chailloux 59 Changement climatique et Territoire : Carine David 267 une identité autochtone au travers d’un discours vers un cadre juridique protecteur pour les d’émancipation en Polynésie française déplacés environnementaux du Pacifique ? 2. Continuités et ruptures : La période ancienne/premiers contacts et missions 5. Terre, développement économique et aménagement L’espace océanique et les premiers voyages en Gérard Lavigne 67 pirogue : réflexions ethnomathématiques Is traditional land tenure a drag on development Eva-Lina Lawrence 285 in the modern Pacific state? Topomymie et organisation socio-religieuse pré- Frédéric Torrente 85 européenne de l’atoll de ‘Anaa, archipel des Tuamotu Local Indigenous Vegetable Economies as Alan R. Quartermain 293 Determinants of Land Use in Papua New Guinea The missionary disposition: rhetoric of the London Michael Goldsmith 101 missionary society in Tuvalu and other Polynesian The Use of Culturally Determined Management Peter Navus 307 societies Mechanisms to Mobilize Customary Land for and Alan Quartermain Agricultural Development Kanak Imaginaries of the Landin the Work Raylene Ramsay 113 of Déwé Görödé 6. Mines, emploi et redistribution : valeurs des lieux et gourvernance La terre au prisme des representations papoues René Zimmer 121 Valeur des lieux et catastrophes naturelles : Maëlle Calandra 317 Xô mè îrî xô kâmûrû mè nèdöökètèrè ! Stéphanie 133 le cas de l’île de Tongoa (Vanuatu) Chantons l’Homme et son environnement ! Geneix-Rabault Mining and community resistance Glen Finau 323 Xô mè îrî xô kâmûrû mè nèdöökètèrè ! Stéphanie 147 in post-coup Fiji Let’s sing the Human being and his environment ! Geneix-Rabault Mining Sector in Fiji: Agreements regarding Anand Chand 337 The People Versus the Commission: Resistance to Robert Nicole 161 Human Resource, Land Lease, Compensation and Land Registration in Fiji’s Early Colonial History Dispute Resolution Mechanisms Entre leur terre d’origine et leur nouvel Tomasi Tautu’u 171 Local Community Influence of Employment Ben Imbun 345 environnement urbain : L’exemple des Wallisiens et Practices in the Papua New Guinea Mining Futuniens en pays kanak Industry: A Social Identity Explanation Première Conférence du réseau de recherche des universités du Pacifique insulaire 7 Discours d’ouverture du 3 novembre 2014 lors de la première conférence du PIURN, Gaël Lagadec, Président de l’Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie Vice-Président du PIURN Mesdames et Messieurs les représentants des institutions de la Nouvelle- Calédonie (NC), Monsieur le directeur du réseau et Mesdames et Messieurs les représentants des universités du réseau des universités du Pacifique insulaire « PIURN », Madame la représentante du Haut-Commissaire, Messieurs les directeurs des établissements de recherche, Mesdames et Messieurs les enseignants-chercheurs, chers collègues de la communauté scientifique, Mesdames et Messieurs, Chers amis, Je vous souhaite la bienvenue à l’Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC). Je souhaite tout d’abord adresser mes plus vifs remerciements aux sponsors de la conférence : - le Ministère des Affaires étrangères (MAE), à travers le Secrétariat permanent pour le Pacifique ici représenté par M. l'Ambassadeur, - le Gouvernement de la NC, - le Centre National de Recherche Technique (CNRT) « Nickel et son environnement » Je souhaite également remercier les supports de la conférence, parmi lesquels, Madame Judith Ann Francis, du Centre Technique de coopération Agricole et rurale (CTA) pour son soutien actif au démarrage du réseau PIURN, PACE NET+, Mme Charrier de l’Ambassade de France à Fiji, Mme Litiana Temo d’Oceania En tant qu’universités du Pacifique insulaire, nous faisons tous face à un enjeu Development Network (ODN), ainsi que les provinces de la NC. fondamental qui est de parvenir à être en capacité de former efficacement les futures élites de la région, et être capables de penser un développement endogène Pour l’UNC, je veux particulièrement remercier : du Pacifique. - l’équipe support à la recherche UNC : Anne Rouault et Françoise Cayrol – binôme et cheville ouvrière de l’organisation de la conférence –, assistées de Nos points communs, nos défis partagés et nos collaborations naissantes doivent Trang Chu-Thi, 8 également nous permettre de parler à plusieurs d’une seule voix ; notamment 9 - sur les aspects scientifiques, un autre binôme efficace : avec Bernard Rigo et pour participer à la conception des agendas de formation et de recherche. Serge Tcherkezoff, - Nathalie Moulin et Christophe Kartotarono du service missions, Alors que nos pays sont aussi marqués par la jeunesse de leurs populations, les - Henri Horley du service facturier, universités du Pacifique, acteurs majeurs de la formation, doivent pouvoir se - l'équipe au complet du Service Technique, Immobilier et Logistique (STIL), positionner naturellement comme experts de la jeunesse, à l’interface directe Marc Lecuyer et ses agents, entre cette jeunesse et la sphère politique. - Soazig le Mouellic, Joana Belo et Sylvian Raffard-Artigue de la cellule communication. Les universités ayant une double mission d’enseignement et de recherche, je considère que le réseau PIURN embrasse et dépasse les enjeux de recherche, C’est avec une immense satisfaction que j’ouvre ce matin avec Jito Vanualaïlaï, même si celle-ci en forme le coeur. directeur du réseau des universités du Pacifique insulaire « PIURN », cette Nos coopérations ont vocation à se traduire par des échanges de chercheurs, première conférence de ce réseau à l’UNC. alimentant des champs de recherche partagés qui sont immenses, et par des comparaisons de systèmes riches d’enseignement. Le Pacifique insulaire est par définition un espace particulier et fragmenté. Nous sommes éloignés et relativement isolés les uns des autres. Mais nous sommes En tant qu’économiste, je pense assez naturellement par exemple, comme nous tous reliés par ce vaste océan et partageons les valeurs et les cultures de l’Océanie. en parlerons en fin de conférence en province Nord, aux stratégies des uns et des Nous avons également en commun les problématiques et les défis de l’immensité autres en termes miniers et de relation avec les Firmes Multinationales (FMN). du Pacifique. C’est pourquoi le but et l’ambition du réseau PIURN est de rapprocher encore davantage les différents points universitaires du Pacifique. Mais nos coopérations ont, de mon point de vue, vocation à s’étendre également aux étudiants – peut-être d’abord surtout au niveau master. Avec 11 universités, situées dans 5 pays différents, ce réseau, cette alliance, a pour objectif de nous rendre plus forts, face à des enjeux communs. Le réseau Il ya des facilités à cela, et d’abord souvent un même calendrier universitaire. doit nous aider à atteindre collectivement des masses critiques sur des secteurs stratégiques en recherche et en formation. On me dira que cela est aussi compliqué du fait du barrage de la langue. Pour moi, cette difficulté est surtout pour nos jeunes une opportunité de surmonter cette Je pense notamment à la problématique du changement climatique, très présente barrière et de se familiariser, à l’anglais pour les uns, au français pour les autres. notamment à USP, qui pourra également être renforcée par le réseau du Grand C’est une première façon de nous enrichir de nos différences. Observatoire pour le Pacifique Sud pour couvrir un espace encore plus large. C’est aussi en cela que le réseau PIURN n’est pas qu’un nouveau regroupement. Nous sommes des établissements de petite taille. C’est également un vecteur Je compte bien qu’en marge des conférences scientifiques de cette semaine, nous d’homogénéité et de capacité à construire ensemble. soyons en capacité d’initier des avancées concrètes en termes de collaborations et d’échanges pour nos chercheurs, nos autres personnels également, et nos Cette volonté d’articulation me fait dire que le réseau PIURN n’a pas vocation étudiants. à être un réseau parmi d’autres, ou un simple regroupement, se rajoutant aux autres, mais doit également être une passerelle vers nos autres partenaires afin de J’ai mentionné les comparaisons riches d’enseignement, et j’y reviens pour finir. maximiser les possibilités de coopération.
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