DOCSLIB.ORG

Atoll Research Bulletin Nos

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Atoll Research Bulletin Nos ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NOS. 481-493 -srtCSt: •? 5^fe',.-..- sa-fa :>.:«..'. ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN Issued by NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C. U.S.A. JUNE 2001 1 ' '"' SW.' ' ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NOS. 481-493 NO. 481. FIRST PROTOZOAN CORAL-KILLER IDENTIFIED IN THE INDO-PACIFIC BY ARNFRIED A. ANTONIUS AND DIANA LIPSCOMB NO. 482. SEABIRDS OF THE CAMPECHE BANK ISLANDS, SOUTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BY JOHN W. TUNNELL AND BRIAN R. CHAPMAN NO. 483. A CENSUS OF SEABIRDS OF FREGATE ISLAND, SEYCHELLES BY ALAN E. BURGER AND ANDREA D. LAWRENCE NO. 484. CORAL AND FISH COMMUNITIES IN A DISTURBED ENVIRONMENT: PAPEETE HARBOR, TAHITI BY MEHDI ADJEROUD, SERGE PLANES AND BRUNO DELESALLE NO. 485. COLONIZATION OF THE F/V CALEDONIE TOHO 2 WRECK BY A REEF-FISH ASSEMBLAGE NEAR NOUMEA (NEW CALEDONIA) BY LAURENT WANTIEZ AND PIERRE THOLLOT NO. 486. FIRST RECORD OF ANGUILLA GLASS EELS FROM AN ATOLL OF FRENCH POLYNESIA: RANGIROA, TUAMOTU ARCHIPELAGO BY RAYMONDE LECOMTE-FINIGER , ALAIN LO-YAT AND LAURENT YAN NO. 487. BENTHIC ECOLOGY AND BIOTA OF TARAWA ATOLL LAGOON: INFLUENCE OF EQUATORIAL UPWELLING, CIRCULATION, AND HUMAN HARVEST BY GUSTAV PAULAY NO. 488. VARIABLE RECRUITMENT AND CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS CREATE A FLUCTUATING RESOURCE: THE BIOLOGY OF ANADARA UROPIGIMELANA (BIVALVIA: ARCIDAE) ON TARAWA ATOLL BY TEMAKEI TEBANO AND GUSTAV PAULAY NO. 489. I-KIRIBATI KNOWLEDGE AND MANAGEMENT OF TARAWA'S LAGOON RESOURCES BY R.E. JOHANNES AND BEING YEETING NO. 490. DECLINES IN FINFISH RESOURCES IN TARAWA LAGOON, KIRIBATI, EMPHASIZE THE NEED FOR INCREASED CONSERVATION EFFORT BY JIM BEETS NO. 491. GROUPER AND NAPOLEON WRASSE ECOLOGY IN LAAMU ATOLL, REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES: PART 1. HABITAT, BEHAVIOR, AND MOVEMENT PATTERNS BY ROBERT D. SLUKA NO. 492. GROUPER AND NAPOLEON WRASSE ECOLOGY IN LAAMU ATOLL, REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES: PART 2. TIMING, LOCATION, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS BY ROBERT D. SLUKA NO. 493. GROUPER AND NAPOLEON WRASSE ECOLOGY IN LAAMU ATOLL, REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES: PART 3. FISHING EFFECTS AND MANAGEMENT OF THE LIVE FISH-FOOD TRADE BY ROBERT D. SLUKA ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. JUNE 2001 The Atoll Research Bulletin is issued by the Smithsonian Institution to provide an outlet for information on the biota of tropical islands and reefs and on the environment that supports the biota. The Bulletin is supported by the National Museum of Natural History and is produced by the Smithsonian Press. This issue is partly financed and distributed with funds from Atoll Research Bulletin readers and authors. The Bulletin was founded in 1951 and the first 117 numbers were issued by the Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, with financial support from the Office of Naval Research. Its pages were devoted largely to reports resulting from the Pacific Science Board's Coral Atoll Program. All statements made in papers published in the Atoll Research Bulletin are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Smithsonian nor of the editors of the Bulletin. Articles submitted for publication in the Atoll Research Bulletin should be original papers in a format similar to that found in recent issues of the Bulletin. First drafts of manuscripts should be typewritten double spaced and can be sent to any of the editors. After the manuscript has been reviewed and accepted, the author will be provided with a page format with which to prepare a single- spaced camera-ready copy of the manuscript. COORDINATING EDITOR Ian G. Macintyre National Museum of Natural History MRC-12 5 ASSISTANTS Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20560 William T. Boykins , Jr. Kathryn Clark-Bourne EDITORIAL BOARD Stephen D. Cairns (MRC-163) National Museum of Natural History Brian F. Kensley (MRC-163) (Insert appropriate MRC code) Mark M. Littler (MRC-166) Smithsonian Institution Wayne N. Mathis (MRC-169) Washington, D.C. 20560 Jeffrey T. Williams (MRC-159) Joshua I. Tracey, Jr. (MRC-137) Warren L. Wagner (MRC-166) Roger B. Clapp National Museum of Natural History National Biological Survey, MRC-111 Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 2 0560 David R. Stoddart Department of Geography 501 Earth Sciences Building University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 Bernard M. Salvat Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Labo. Biologie Marine et Malacologie Universite de Perpignan 66025 Perpignan Cedex, France PUBLICATIONS MANAGER A. Alan Burchell Smithsonian Institution Press ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 481 FIRST PROTOZOAN CORAL-KILLER IDENTIFIED IN THE INDO-PACIFIC BY ARNFRIED A. ANTONIUS AND DIANA LIPSCOMB ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. JUNE 2000 » 2 O ^ ~- ^ CO 5:3 <u h 00 g 9 -a" 3 ogffl ;-. ' ' ° w « rt ._ o o ^ °o O0 O r= CU -— co CU "co .2 m^ S* O .N C 73 J Iffl -o o <S •- PQ ° 2 s CO — £> CD a w g cu M =3 8 « o 3 I £ .s cu C CU • • T3 *- u m IT W •2? g Ch oo O £ 8 co c O CO C <D S o ^ o SH g <u £ o cu uo a - cu >^ 'o C3 60 cu 3 6 5 C ^ £ O s; ° • T3 • a 3cS S o ~ *2 co C cu > cd ™ o cu M.t; o (L) (2h £ o FIRST PROTOZOAN CORAL-KILLER IDENTIFIED IN THE INDO-PACIFIC BY 1 2 ARNFRIEDANTONIUS and DIANA LIPSCOMB ABSTRACT A unique coral disease has appeared on several Indo-Pacific reefs. Unlike most known coral diseases, this one is caused by an eukaryote, specifically Halofolliculina corallasia, a heterotrich, folliculinid ciliate. This protist is sessile inside of a secreted black test or lorica. It kills the coral and damages the skeleton when it settles on the living coral tissue and secretes the lorica. Thus, the disease was termed Skeleton Eroding Band (SEB). The ciliate population forms an advancing black line on the coral leaving behind it the denuded white coral skeleton, often sprinkled with a multitude of empty black loricae. This disease was first noted in 1988 and since has been observed infecting both branching and massive corals at several locations in the Indo-Pacific. INTRODUCTION More than a quarter century has passed since the first coral-killing syndrome, the Black Band Disease (BBD), was observed in the Caribbean Sea (Antonius, 1973). In the beginning regarded as a rare curiosity rather than a threat, it was soon followed by reports of other deadly syndromes, such as Shut-Down-Reaction (SDR) (Antonius, 1977), microbial infection (Ducklow & Mitchell, 1979), and White Band Disease (WBD) (Antonius, 1981a; and Gladfelter, 1982). All these observations were made in the Caribbean Sea or Western Atlantic (Garrett & Ducklow, 1975; Antonius, 1981b; and Dodge etal., 1982). Palaontologisches Institut der Universitat Wien, Althanstrasse 14, A- 1090 Wien, Austria. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. Manuscript received 6 February 2001; revised 19 March 2001 In 1985, a first account was given on coral diseases in the Indo-Pacific (Antonius, 1985a) and an inventory of known syndromes 10 years later (Antonius, 1995a). Thereafter, new deadly syndromes on reef corals were reported in rapid succession, such as Sphingomonas-'mkciions (Richardson et al., 1998), Type II WBD (Ritchie & Smith, 1998), Yellow Band Disease (YBD) (Korrubel & Riegl, 1998), Aspergillus sydowii damaging Gorgonians (Smith et al., 1996; Nagelkerken et al., 1997; Smith et al., 1998; Geiser et al., 1998; ISRS, 1999; Shinn, 2000; and Weir et al., 2000), and, although not a disease sensu stricto, Tissue Bleaching (TBL) (Glynn, 1993; Adjerout et al, 1995; Kushmero et al., 1996; Brown, 1997; and others). Accounts on reef-deterioration (Antonius, 1998) were given for Western Atlantic (Bruckner & Bruckner, 1997; Antonius & Ballesteros, 1998; and Goreau et al., 1998) as well as Indo-Pacific locations (Riegl et al., 2001). The majority of the responsible diseases appear to be caused by bacterial pathogens (Antonius, 1995a). We report here the presence of a disease of corals in the Indo-Pacific (Fig. 1) caused by a ciliated protozoan. The progress of the disease is similar to other "band" diseases, such as BBD or WBD (Antonius, 1985b), the infection spreading as a line of pathogenic agents moving over a coral head leaving behind denuded skeletons. Unlike all the other diseases mentioned, which attack the soft tissues of corals, the new syndrome also damages the coral's skeleton. Therefore, we have named it Skeleton Eroding Band (SEB). The organism associated with the disease is identified as Halofolliculina corallasia, a new species of folliculinid, heterotrich ciliate, which makes SEB not only the first known (stony) coral disease caused by a protozoon but also the first caused by an eukaryote. The first time H. corallasia was noted on corals in reefs around Motupore Island, Papua New Guinea was in 1988. Black loricae were seen in microscopic preparations and drawn and photographed (Antonius, pers.obs.), but the phenomenon was not investigated any further. The same year, the syndrome was observed in reefs of Lizard Island, Australia and was listed in transect counts as "BBD-grey" (Antonius, pers.obs.). In 1990, the syndrome was registered as a rare occurrence in reef transects around Mauritius (Antonius, 1993) but its importance was not diagnosed. This finally happened in 1994 during a coral-reef survey in the Gulf of Aqaba, Straits of Tiran, and Ras Mohamed, Sinai, Red Sea (Antonius, 1995c, 1996). In the following years, all previous observation sites (except Motupore) were revisited in order to investigate the SEB syndrome in detail. In 1998, SEB was mentioned for the first time in an official report (Antonius, 1998), and first photographs were presented in 1999 (Antonius, 1999c). In summer 2000, in order to gather badly needed data on the occurrence of SEB and other diseases (Antonius, 2000a), Pacific locations such as Moorea (Polynesia), Guam (Micronesia), Bali, and Wakatobi Islands (Indonesia) were investigated.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Zootaxa, Dupliciporia Lanterna N. Sp. (Digenea: Zoogonidae)
    Zootaxa 1707: 60–68 (2008) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2008 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Dupliciporia lanterna n. sp. (Digenea: Zoogonidae) from Priacanthus hamrur (Perciformes: Priacanthidae) and additional zoogonids parasitizing fishes from the waters off New Caledonia RODNEY A. BRAY1 & JEAN-LOU JUSTINE2 1Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Équipe Biogéographie Marine Tropicale, Unité Systématique, Adaptation, Évolution (CNRS, UPMC, MNHN, IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BP A5, 98848 Nouméa Cedex, Nouvelle Calédonie. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The genus Dupliciporia is considered valid based on observation of the type species, and is considered the senior syn- onym of Parasteganoderma and Liliaoralis. The new combinations Dupliciporia cephaloporum (Machida & Araki, 1990) and Dupliciporia cataluphi (Korotaeva, 1994) are formed. A new species, Dupliciporia lanterna, is described from the digestive tract of Priacanthus hamrur from the waters off New Caledonia, South Pacific. Dupliciporia lanterna n. sp. differs from its congeners in its elongate body and its rectilinear vitelline fields. Dupliciporia sp. (=Parastegano- derma sp. of El-Labadi et al. [2006]) from Pristigenys niphonia from the Gulf of Aqaba, is briefly described and figured. Other zoogonids reported from New Caledonian waters are Zoogonus pagrosomi from Lethrinus atkinsoni and Lethrinus genivittatus, Parvipyrum
    [Show full text]
  • View/Download
    SPARIFORMES · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 4.0 - 13 Feb. 2021 Order SPARIFORMES 3 families · 49 genera · 283 species/subspecies Family LETHRINIDAE Emporerfishes and Large-eye Breams 5 genera · 43 species Subfamily Lethrininae Emporerfishes Lethrinus Cuvier 1829 from lethrinia, ancient Greek name for members of the genus Pagellus (Sparidae) which Cuvier applied to this genus Lethrinus amboinensis Bleeker 1854 -ensis, suffix denoting place: Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia, type locality (occurs in eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific from Indonesia east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Japan, south to Western Australia) Lethrinus atkinsoni Seale 1910 patronym not identified but probably in honor of William Sackston Atkinson (1864-ca. 1925), an illustrator who prepared the plates for a paper published by Seale in 1905 and presumably the plates in this 1910 paper as well Lethrinus atlanticus Valenciennes 1830 Atlantic, the only species of the genus (and family) known to occur in the Atlantic Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes 1830 -icus, belonging to: Borbon (or Bourbon), early name for Réunion island, western Mascarenes, type locality (occurs in Red Sea and western Indian Ocean from Persian Gulf and East Africa to Socotra, Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion, and the Mascarenes) Lethrinus conchyliatus (Smith 1959) clothed in purple, etymology not explained, probably referring to “bright mauve” area at central basal part of pectoral fins on living specimens Lethrinus crocineus
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of the Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and Patterns of Asymmetrical Diversification in Body Size and Feeding Ecology
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.07.430149; this version posted February 8, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Phylogeny of the damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and patterns of asymmetrical diversification in body size and feeding ecology Charlene L. McCord a, W. James Cooper b, Chloe M. Nash c, d & Mark W. Westneat c, d a California State University Dominguez Hills, College of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, 1000 E. Victoria Street, Carson, CA 90747 b Western Washington University, Department of Biology and Program in Marine and Coastal Science, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA 98225 c University of Chicago, Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, 1027 E. 57th St, Chicago IL, 60637, USA d Field Museum of Natural History, Division of Fishes, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605 Corresponding author: Mark W. Westneat [email protected] Journal: PLoS One Keywords: Pomacentridae, phylogenetics, body size, diversification, evolution, ecotype Abstract The damselfishes (family Pomacentridae) inhabit near-shore communities in tropical and temperature oceans as one of the major lineages with ecological and economic importance for coral reef fish assemblages. Our understanding of their evolutionary ecology, morphology and function has often been advanced by increasingly detailed and accurate molecular phylogenies. Here we present the next stage of multi-locus, molecular phylogenetics for the group based on analysis of 12 nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences from 330 of the 422 damselfish species.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Trypanorhynch Metacestodes in Teleost Fishes from Coral Reefs Off Eastern Australia and New Caledonia
    Parasite 2014, 21,60 Ó I. Beveridge et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2014 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2014060 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Diversity of trypanorhynch metacestodes in teleost fishes from coral reefs off eastern Australia and New Caledonia Ian Beveridge1,*, Rodney A. Bray2, Thomas H. Cribb3, and Jean-Lou Justine4 1 Veterinary Clinical Centre, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia 2 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia 4 ISYEB, Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR7205 CNRS, EPHE, MNHN, UPMC), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 51, 55 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France Received 31 August 2014, Accepted 31 October 2014, Published online November 18 2014 Abstract – Trypanorhynch metacestodes were examined from teleosts from coral reefs in eastern Australia and from New Caledonia. From over 12,000 fishes examined, 33 named species of trypanorhynchs were recovered as well as three species of tentacularioids which are described but not named. Host-parasite and parasite-host lists are provided, including more than 100 new host records. Lacistorhynchoid and tentacularioid taxa predominated with fewer otobo- thrioid and gymnorhynchoids. Five species, Callitetrarhynchus gracilis, Floriceps minacanthus, Pseudotobothrium dipsacum, Pseudolacistorhynchus heroniensis and Ps. shipleyi, were particularly common and exhibited low host specificity. Limited data suggested a higher diversity of larval trypanorhynchs in larger piscivorous fish families. Several fish families surveyed extensively (Blenniidae, Chaetodontidae, Gobiidae, Kyphosidae and Scaridae) yielded no trypanorhynch larvae. The overall similarity between the fauna of the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia was 45%.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasites of Coral Reef Fish: How Much Do We Know? with a Bibliography of Fish Parasites in New Caledonia
    Belg. J. Zool., 140 (Suppl.): 155-190 July 2010 Parasites of coral reef fish: how much do we know? With a bibliography of fish parasites in New Caledonia Jean-Lou Justine (1) UMR 7138 Systématique, Adaptation, Évolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57, rue Cuvier, F-75321 Paris Cedex 05, France (2) Aquarium des lagons, B.P. 8185, 98807 Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie Corresponding author: Jean-Lou Justine; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. A compilation of 107 references dealing with fish parasites in New Caledonia permitted the production of a parasite-host list and a host-parasite list. The lists include Turbellaria, Monopisthocotylea, Polyopisthocotylea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Copepoda, Isopoda, Acanthocephala and Hirudinea, with 580 host-parasite combinations, corresponding with more than 370 species of parasites. Protozoa are not included. Platyhelminthes are the major group, with 239 species, including 98 monopisthocotylean monogeneans and 105 digeneans. Copepods include 61 records, and nematodes include 41 records. The list of fish recorded with parasites includes 195 species, in which most (ca. 170 species) are coral reef associated, the rest being a few deep-sea, pelagic or freshwater fishes. The serranids, lethrinids and lutjanids are the most commonly represented fish families. Although a list of published records does not provide a reliable estimate of biodiversity because of the important bias in publications being mainly in the domain of interest of the authors, it provides a basis to compare parasite biodiversity with other localities, and especially with other coral reefs. The present list is probably the most complete published account of parasite biodiversity of coral reef fishes.
    [Show full text]
  • Trait Decoupling Promotes Evolutionary Diversification of The
    Trait decoupling promotes evolutionary diversification of the trophic and acoustic system of damselfishes rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Bruno Fre´de´rich1, Damien Olivier1, Glenn Litsios2,3, Michael E. Alfaro4 and Eric Parmentier1 1Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Applied and Fundamental Fish Research Center, Universite´ de Lie`ge, 4000 Lie`ge, Belgium 2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Research 3Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Ge´nopode, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Cite this article: Fre´de´rich B, Olivier D, Litsios G, Alfaro ME, Parmentier E. 2014 Trait decou- Trait decoupling, wherein evolutionary release of constraints permits special- pling promotes evolutionary diversification of ization of formerly integrated structures, represents a major conceptual the trophic and acoustic system of damsel- framework for interpreting patterns of organismal diversity. However, few fishes. Proc. R. Soc. B 281: 20141047. empirical tests of this hypothesis exist. A central prediction, that the tempo of morphological evolution and ecological diversification should increase http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1047 following decoupling events, remains inadequately tested. In damselfishes (Pomacentridae), a ceratomandibular ligament links the hyoid bar and lower jaws, coupling two main morphofunctional units directly involved in both feeding and sound production. Here, we test the decoupling hypothesis Received: 2 May 2014 by examining the evolutionary consequences of the loss of the ceratomandib- Accepted: 9 June 2014 ular ligament in multiple damselfish lineages. As predicted, we find that rates of morphological evolution of trophic structures increased following the loss of the ligament.
    [Show full text]
  • Financial Sector Development in the Pacific Developing Member Countries
    TABLE OF CONTENTS i FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE PACIFIC DEVELOPING MEMBER COUNTRIES Volume Two Country Reports Financial Sector Development in the Pacific Developing Member ii Countries: Country Reports © Asian Development Bank 2001 All rights reserved. First published in September 2001. This report was prepared by consultants for the Asian Development Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in it do not necessarily represent the views of ADB or those of its member governments. The Asian Development Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in the publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of their use. ISBN 971-561-392-6 Publication Stock No. 080401 Asian Development Bank P.O. Box 789, 0980 Manila Philippines Website: www.adb.org TABLE OF CONTENTS iii Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank ALTA Agricultural Landlord and Tenant Act, Fiji Islands AMU Asset Management Unit ANZ ANZ Bank, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group APRA Australian Prudential Regulation Authority ATHL Amalgamated Telecom Holdings (Fiji Islands) ATM Automatic Teller Machine AusAID Australian Agency for International Development BOK Bank of Kiribati BOT Bank of Tonga BPNG Bank of Papua New Guinea BSP Bank of South Pacific, Papua New Guinea CBS Central Bank of Samoa CBSI Central Bank of Solomon Islands CMDA Capital Market Development Authority (Fiji Islands) CNB Colonial National Bank (Fiji Islands) CPI Consumer Price Index CPSF Civil Service Pension Fund, Tonga DBK Development Bank of
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Paleoenvironment of Quaternary Corals and Ostracods in Dallol Carbonates, North Afar
    ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES SYSTEMATICS AND PALEOENVIRONMENT OF QUATERNARY CORALS AND OSTRACODS IN DALLOL CARBONATES, NORTH AFAR ADDIS HAILU ENDESHAW NOV., 2017 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA i Systematics and Paleoenvironments of Quaternary Corals and Ostracods in Dallol Carbonates; North Afar Addis Hailu Endeshaw Advisor – Dr. Balemwal Atnafu A Thesis Submitted to School of Earth Sciences Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Earth Sciences (Paleontology and Paleoenvironment) Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Nov., 2017 ii iii ABSTRACT Systematics and Paleoenvironment of Quaternary Corals and Ostracods in Dallol Carbonates, North Afar Addis Hailu Endeshaw Addis Ababa University, 2017 There are reef structures developed in Dallol during the Quaternary Period as a result of flooding of the area by the Red Sea at least two times. Dallol area is situated in the northern most part of the Eastern African Rift system. The studied coral outcrops are aligned along the northwestern margin of the Afar rift. This research focused on the investigation of systematics of corals and associated fossils of mollusca, echinoidea, ostracoda and foraminifera together with the reconstruction of past environmental conditions. Different scientific methods were followed in order to achieve the objectives of the study. These are detailed insitu morphological descriptions; field observations and measurements; laboratory preparations and microscopic examinations; comparison of the described specimens with type specimens; and paleoecological calculations using PAST-3 software. Total of 164 fossil and 9 sediment samples are collected from the field and examined. The Dallol corals are classified into 12 Families, 29 Genera and 60 Species.
    [Show full text]
  • Pomacentridae): Structural and Expression Variation in Opsin Genes
    Molecular Ecology (2017) 26, 1323–1342 doi: 10.1111/mec.13968 Why UV vision and red vision are important for damselfish (Pomacentridae): structural and expression variation in opsin genes SARA M. STIEB,*† FABIO CORTESI,*† LORENZ SUEESS,* KAREN L. CARLETON,‡ WALTER SALZBURGER† and N. J. MARSHALL* *Sensory Neurobiology Group, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, †Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel 4051, Switzerland, ‡Department of Biology, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Abstract Coral reefs belong to the most diverse ecosystems on our planet. The diversity in col- oration and lifestyles of coral reef fishes makes them a particularly promising system to study the role of visual communication and adaptation. Here, we investigated the evolution of visual pigment genes (opsins) in damselfish (Pomacentridae) and exam- ined whether structural and expression variation of opsins can be linked to ecology. Using DNA sequence data of a phylogenetically representative set of 31 damselfish species, we show that all but one visual opsin are evolving under positive selection. In addition, selection on opsin tuning sites, including cases of divergent, parallel, conver- gent and reversed evolution, has been strong throughout the radiation of damselfish, emphasizing the importance of visual tuning for this group. The highest functional variation in opsin protein sequences was observed in the short- followed by the long- wavelength end of the visual spectrum. Comparative gene expression analyses of a subset of the same species revealed that with SWS1, RH2B and RH2A always being expressed, damselfish use an overall short-wavelength shifted expression profile. Inter- estingly, not only did all species express SWS1 – a UV-sensitive opsin – and possess UV-transmitting lenses, most species also feature UV-reflective body parts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Marine Biodiversity and Fisheries Catches of the Pitcairn Island Group
    The Marine Biodiversity and Fisheries Catches of the Pitcairn Island Group THE MARINE BIODIVERSITY AND FISHERIES CATCHES OF THE PITCAIRN ISLAND GROUP M.L.D. Palomares, D. Chaitanya, S. Harper, D. Zeller and D. Pauly A report prepared for the Global Ocean Legacy project of the Pew Environment Group by the Sea Around Us Project Fisheries Centre The University of British Columbia 2202 Main Mall Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Daniel Pauly RECONSTRUCTION OF TOTAL MARINE FISHERIES CATCHES FOR THE PITCAIRN ISLANDS (1950-2009) ...................................................................................... 3 Devraj Chaitanya, Sarah Harper and Dirk Zeller DOCUMENTING THE MARINE BIODIVERSITY OF THE PITCAIRN ISLANDS THROUGH FISHBASE AND SEALIFEBASE ..................................................................................... 10 Maria Lourdes D. Palomares, Patricia M. Sorongon, Marianne Pan, Jennifer C. Espedido, Lealde U. Pacres, Arlene Chon and Ace Amarga APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................... 23 APPENDIX 1: FAO AND RECONSTRUCTED CATCH DATA ......................................................................................... 23 APPENDIX 2: TOTAL RECONSTRUCTED CATCH BY MAJOR TAXA ............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of the Pig in Pacific Island Culture
    The Importance of the Pig in Pacific Island Culture An annotated bibliography Secretariat of the Pacific Community 2007 Copyright ©Secretariat of the Pacific Community 2006 All rights for commercial / for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial / for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission. Original text: English Secretariat of the Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data Report on the Bibliography of on the importance of the pig in Pacific Island Culture Secretariat of the Pacific Community ISSN: 0377-452X 1. Veterinary medicine—Oceania—Congresses. 2. Livestock–Diseases—Oceania—Congresses. 3. Animal health—Oceania— Congresses. 4. Livestock productivity—Oceania—Congresses. I. Title. II. Secretariat of the Pacific Community. III. Series 636.089 AACR2 ISBN: 982-00-0136-6 BIBLIOGRAPHY Contents Methodology ...................................................................................................4 Melanesia .......................................................................................................5 Trobriand Islands .........................................................................................6 Vanuatu ........................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Habitats and Biodiversity of Dampier and Montebello Marine
    CSIRO OCEANS & ATMOSPHERE Benthic habitats and biodiversity of the Dampier and Montebello Australian Marine Parks Edited by: John Keesing, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Research March 2019 ISBN 978-1-4863-1225-2 Print 978-1-4863-1226-9 On-line Contributors The following people contributed to this study. Affiliation is CSIRO unless otherwise stated. WAM = Western Australia Museum, MV = Museum of Victoria, DPIRD = Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Study design and operational execution: John Keesing, Nick Mortimer, Stephen Newman (DPIRD), Roland Pitcher, Keith Sainsbury (SainsSolutions), Joanna Strzelecki, Corey Wakefield (DPIRD), John Wakeford (Fishing Untangled), Alan Williams Field work: Belinda Alvarez, Dion Boddington (DPIRD), Monika Bryce, Susan Cheers, Brett Chrisafulli (DPIRD), Frances Cooke, Frank Coman, Christopher Dowling (DPIRD), Gary Fry, Cristiano Giordani (Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia), Alastair Graham, Mark Green, Qingxi Han (Ningbo University, China), John Keesing, Peter Karuso (Macquarie University), Matt Lansdell, Maylene Loo, Hector Lozano‐Montes, Huabin Mao (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Margaret Miller, Nick Mortimer, James McLaughlin, Amy Nau, Kate Naughton (MV), Tracee Nguyen, Camilla Novaglio, John Pogonoski, Keith Sainsbury (SainsSolutions), Craig Skepper (DPIRD), Joanna Strzelecki, Tonya Van Der Velde, Alan Williams Taxonomy and contributions to Chapter 4: Belinda Alvarez, Sharon Appleyard, Monika Bryce, Alastair Graham, Qingxi Han (Ningbo University, China), Glad Hansen (WAM),
    [Show full text]