PDF Download Sun

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

PDF Download Sun SUN DOG PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Monique Roffey | 400 pages | 31 Mar 2011 | Simon & Schuster Ltd | 9781849833035 | English | London, United Kingdom Adaptive Learning Platform | Learning Games | Sumdog Probably the biggest difference between the two is that a rainbow usually signals an end to the rain, while a sundog often means that rain, or snow is on the way. Good luck? In medieval times, the three bright lights were sometimes interpreted as the sign of the trinity, a sign of great fortune. Nowadays, they are a sign that you were lucky to be looking at the sky at just the right time. Seen one headed to town Saturday morning. I posted it to my Facebook not realizing what I had photographed. A friend of mine explained to me what it was. Wish I could share my photo with you. I think I saw these moving back and forth in the sky yesterday in my backyard idk, I also saw the moon go all the way up in the sky before it diasapeared all together. Being from Louisiana, I may never see one. But now I have an excuse to go visit up north. That is some cool info. Thanks for posting that. Skip to main content. What Are Sundogs? Rainbows Beside the Sun! By James J. July 18, About This Blog. Related Articles Meteorology. What do you want to read next? Fire Rainbows and Fire Tornadoes. What is a Rainbow? Mars might have sun dogs formed by both water-ice and CO 2 -ice. On the gas giant planets— Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , and Neptune —other crystals form clouds of ammonia , methane , and other substances that can produce halos with four or more sun dogs. However, sun dogs represent just one of many different types of halos. For referring to the atmospheric phenomenon in general, the term ice crystal halo s is more appropriate. The exact etymology of sun dog largely remains a mystery. The Oxford English Dictionary states it as being "of obscure origin". The phenomena [sic] of false suns which sometimes attend or dog the true when seen through the mist parhelions. In Norfolk a sun-dog is a light spot near the sun, and water-dogs are the light watery clouds; dog here is no doubt the same word as dag , dew or mist as "a little dag of rain" Philolog. Dog in English as a verb can mean "hunt, track, or follow", [11] so Dog the true [sun] has meant track the true [sun] since the s. Alternatively, Jonas Persson suggested that out of Norse mythology and archaic names — Danish : solhunde sun dog , Norwegian : solhund sun dog , Swedish : solvarg sun wolf — in the Scandinavian languages, constellations of two wolves hunting the Sun and the Moon, one after and one before, may be a possible origin for the term. In the Anglo-Cornish dialect of Cornwall , United Kingdom , sun dogs are known as weather dogs described as "a short segment of a rainbow seen on the horizon, foreshowing foul weather". This is in turn related to the Anglo-Cornish term cock's eye for a halo round the sun or the moon, also a portent of bad weather. Aristotle Meteorology III. The poet Aratus Phaenomena , lines — mentions parhelia as part of his catalogue of Weather Signs; according to him, they can indicate rain, wind, or an approaching storm. Artemidorus in his Oneirocritica 'On the Interpretation of Dreams' included the mock suns amongst a list of celestial deities. A passage in Cicero 's On the Republic 54—51 BC is one of many by Greek and Roman authors who refer to sun dogs and similar phenomena:. Be it so, said Tubero; and since you invite me to discussion, and present the opportunity, let us first examine, before any one else arrives, what can be the nature of the parhelion, or double sun, which was mentioned in the senate. Those that affirm they witnessed this prodigy are neither few nor unworthy of credit, so that there is more reason for investigation than incredulity. Seneca makes an incidental reference to sun dogs in the first book of his Naturales Quaestiones. The 2nd-century Roman writer and philosopher Apuleius in his Apologia XV says "What is the cause of the prismatic colours of the rainbow, or of the appearance in heaven of two rival images of the sun, with sundry other phenomena treated in a monumental volume by Archimedes of Syracuse. Fulcher of Chartres , writing in Jerusalem in the early twelfth century, notes in his Historia Hierosolymitana that on February 23, Above their circle a halo appeared, shining very brightly, extending in its breadth as if it were some kind of city. Inside this circle a half-circle appeared, similar to a rainbow, distinct in its fourfold color, in the higher part curved towards the two aforementioned Suns, touching them in an embrace of the Sun. The prelude to the Battle of Mortimer's Cross in Herefordshire , England in is supposed to have involved the appearance of a halo display with three "suns". The Yorkist commander, later Edward IV of England , convinced his initially frightened troops that it represented the three sons of the Duke of York, and Edward's troops won a decisive victory. Another early clear description of sun dogs is by Jacob Hutter , who wrote in his Brotherly Faithfulness: Epistles from a Time of Persecution :. My beloved children, I want to tell you that on the day after the departure of our brothers Kuntz and Michel, on a Friday, we saw three suns in the sky for a good long time, about an hour, as well as two rainbows. These had their backs turned toward each other, almost touching in the middle, and their ends pointed away from each other. And this I, Jakob, saw with my own eyes, and many brothers and sisters saw it with me. After a while the two suns and rainbows disappeared, and only the one sun remained. Even though the other two suns were not as bright as the one, they were clearly visible. I feel this was no small miracle… [23]. The original was written in German and is from a letter originally sent in November from Auspitz in Moravia to the Adige Valley in Tyrol. The Thursday after was 30 October. For two hours in the morning of 20 April , the skies over the city were filled with white circles and arcs crossing the sky, while additional suns i. The phenomenon quickly resulted in rumours of an omen of God's forthcoming revenge on King Gustav Vasa — for having introduced Protestantism during the s and for being heavy-handed with his enemies allied with the Danish king. Hoping to end speculations, the Chancellor and Lutheran scholar Olaus Petri — ordered a painting to be produced documenting the event. When confronted with the painting, the king, however, interpreted it as a conspiracy — the real sun of course being himself threatened by competing fake suns, one being Olaus Petri and the other the clergyman and scholar Laurentius Andreae — , both thus accused of treachery, but eventually escaping capital punishment. The original painting is lost, but a copy from the s survives and can still be seen in the church Storkyrkan in central Stockholm. A series of complex parhelia displays in Rome in , and again in , were described by Christoph Scheiner in his book Parhelia , one of the earliest works on the subject. On 20 February the people of Danzig witnessed a complex halo display , described by Georg Fehlau in a pamphlet, the Sevenfold Sun Miracle , and again the following year by Johannes Hevelius in his book, Mercurius in Sole visus Gedani. In , winter in the British Colony of Newfoundland was referred to as the 'Winter of Three Suns' and was unusually cold with 15 days of temperatures between 3—10 degrees below zero. On 14 February , the people of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region witnessed a complex halo display , in which all five sun halos were linked to each other by rays, forming a circle among them. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Atmospheric optical phenomenon. Sundogs: Rainbows Beside the Sun She then recalls something Tom witnessed—when he drove past Mort alone, he saw Shooter and Mort in his rear view mirror, but Shooter was transparent. Amy then reveals that while digging through Mort's house, she found Shooter's trademark hat. She left it right-side up on a trash bag. When she returned, she found a note from Shooter inside the overturned hat, revealing that he has traveled back to Mississippi with the story he came for, "Crowfoot Mile. The storyline of the movie differs from that of the novel, most notably in their respective endings. In the movie, Mort kills his wife and her lover, while in the novel he is killed before he has a chance to do so. In the movie, after months it is shown that Mort grew corn in his wife's garden, where it is implied that he buried her and her lover, thus removing any proof that he murdered them. Another difference is the titles of the short stories: in the movie, Mort Rainey wrote a story called "Secret Window" and John Shooter wrote "Sowing Season. King has been the subject of unfounded accusations of plagiarism. A woman claimed that King stole several of her story ideas and based characters from his books on her. All of her cases have been dismissed. The fake bomb was made of pencils with paperclips wrapped around the erasers. Peebles is asked to give a speech to his local Rotary Club. An office assistant Naomi Higgins directs him to the public library to check out books that might help with his speechwriting.
Recommended publications
  • Atmospheric Optics
    53 Atmospheric Optics Craig F. Bohren Pennsylvania State University, Department of Meteorology, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA Phone: (814) 466-6264; Fax: (814) 865-3663; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Colors of the sky and colored displays in the sky are mostly a consequence of selective scattering by molecules or particles, absorption usually being irrelevant. Molecular scattering selective by wavelength – incident sunlight of some wavelengths being scattered more than others – but the same in any direction at all wavelengths gives rise to the blue of the sky and the red of sunsets and sunrises. Scattering by particles selective by direction – different in different directions at a given wavelength – gives rise to rainbows, coronas, iridescent clouds, the glory, sun dogs, halos, and other ice-crystal displays. The size distribution of these particles and their shapes determine what is observed, water droplets and ice crystals, for example, resulting in distinct displays. To understand the variation and color and brightness of the sky as well as the brightness of clouds requires coming to grips with multiple scattering: scatterers in an ensemble are illuminated by incident sunlight and by the scattered light from each other. The optical properties of an ensemble are not necessarily those of its individual members. Mirages are a consequence of the spatial variation of coherent scattering (refraction) by air molecules, whereas the green flash owes its existence to both coherent scattering by molecules and incoherent scattering
    [Show full text]
  • References: Snel's Law and Refraction Index of Refraction For
    ESCI 340 - Cloud Physics and Precipitation Processes Lesson 13 - Atmospheric Optical Phenomena Dr. DeCaria References: One of the best sources for information about atmospheric optics is the Atmospheric Optics website, http://www.atoptics.co.uk Snel's Law and Refraction • The index of refraction for a medium is defined as m = c=c;~ (1) where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, andc ~ is the speed of light in the medium.1 • As light passes from one medium into another, there is both reflection and refraction. • Refraction occurs because the wave fronts bend as they cross from one medium into another, causing a ray of light to bend. The ray bends toward the medium that has the slower speed of light (highest index of refraction). • The bending of the ray is quantified by Snel's Law, which is stated mathematically as sin θ m 1 = 2 ; (2) sin θ2 m1 where θ1 is the angle of incidence (and reflection), θ2 is the angle of refraction, and m1 and m2 are the indices of refraction in the two mediums (see Fig. 1). • The amount by which a ray of light is deflected due to refraction can be quantified in one of two ways. { The bending angle, θ0, is the interior angle between the initial and final rays. { The deviation angle, θ00, is the complement of the bending angle, θ00 = 180◦ −θ0. { The relationship between bending angle and deviation angle is illustrated in Fig. 2. Index of Refraction for Air • Light travels faster through warm air than it does through cold air.
    [Show full text]
  • Residents Complete Emergency Response
    The Westfield NewsSearch for The Westfield News Westfield350.com The WestfieldNews Serving Westfield, Southwick, and surrounding Hilltowns “TIME IS THE ONLY WEATHER CRITIC WITHOUT TONIGHT AMBITION.” Partly Cloudy. JOHN STEINBECK Low of 55. www.thewestfieldnews.com VOL. 86 NO. 151 $1.00 TUESDAY,TUESDAY, APRIL JUNE 27, 20, 2017 2021 VOL.75 cents 90 NO. 92 Westfield High School offers credit recovery opportunity this week By AMY PORTER Staff Writer WESTFIELD – Westfield High School Principal Charles Jendrysik said the school will be offering students who failed certain required courses the first semester an opportunity to make up the credits during April vacation week. The program, a first for the high school, will be targeting a number Graduation was held Saturday for new members of the Westfield Community Emergency Response Team (CERT). Front of one-semester courses, includ- row: Matt Warren, Al Giguere, Jr., Kathy Dubuque, Jason Polan, and Charlie Smith; back row: Kathy Hillman, Shannon ing several English language arts Chiba, Assistant Director Melissa Blain, Director Steve Malochleb, Jain Makepeace, and Alfiya K. (MARC ST.ONGE/THE courses, physical education and WESTFIELD NEWS) financial literacy. “A lot of them are school requirements. We wanted to help students with the courses we knew they needed to pass in order to CERT: Residents complete graduate,” Jendrysik said. The school will run full days Tuesday to Saturday, due to the Patriot’s Day Monday holiday. emergency response training Jendrysik said he was encour- CHARLES aged by having over 50 students JENDRYSIK By HOPE E. TREMBLAY “My hope is to have at least 50 mem- Psychology 101 to not only deal with the sign up for the week.
    [Show full text]
  • Insert Paper Title (16Pt Bold)
    Chaotic Modeling and Simulation (CMSIM) 2: 159-171, 2018 Chaotic dynamics of ice crystals scattering sun light 1 2 1 Alberto Tufaile , Timm A. Vanderelli , and Adriana P. B. Tufaile 1 Soft Matter Lab, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (E-mail: [email protected]) 2 Ferrocell USA, 739 Route 259, Ligonier, Pennsylvania, 15658, USA (E-mail: [email protected]) 1 Soft Matter Lab, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (E-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. We are reporting the existence of the nonlinear dynamics in some curious phenomena observed in the context of atmospheric optics: jumping sundogs, halo formation and the miracle of the Sun. A possible connection between these atmospheric patterns of the atmospheric optics and light scattering in particles with the same size of the ice crystals could be based in the concept of diffracted rays. Keywords: Chaotic Modelling, Jumping Sundogs, Ferrofluids, Parlaseric circle. 1 Introduction There are some interesting phenomena involving atmospheric optics, for example, the jumping sundog is an amazing band of light continuously oscillating over the sky [1], sweeping downward and jumping up again, as it is shown in Fig. 1. Besides this phenomenon, Wirowski [2, 3] studied the bizarre effect known as “the miracle of the Sun”, in which many people observed oscillations in the size of the Sun, as it is shown in Fig. 2, and suggested the dynamical system describing this effect. These phenomena lasted a few minutes and some of them were recorded by some amateur observers.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Kevin J. Brunelle Astrophotography Contest 17 Photographers 101 Images Atmospheric
    2016 Kevin J. Brunelle Astrophotography Contest 17 photographers 101 images Atmospheric 13 photographers 31 images Michael Lincoln - Lunar Departure Chuck Manges - August Lightning Storm Mike Christeson - reflection of sunset John Wenskovitch - Sunset to Start Star Party Season Alexis Kwasinski - Double rainbow at sunset Chuck Manges - Sun Dog Michael Christeson - Rainbow John Holtz - False Aurora at AO Michael Lincoln – Anti-crepuscular Rays Carol Christeson - cloudy Sunset Bill Moutz - Misty Morning Eric Fischer - Quilted Sunset Michael Lincoln – Weather Balloon Burst Michael Lincoln - Loon Balloon Carol Christeson - Solar pier sunset Alexis Kwasinski - Stormy sunset Bill Moutz - Sunrise on Lake Authur John Wenskovitch - Observing Time Carol Christeson - Let Gods light shine through your dark days Alexis Kwasinski - Sunset while flying Rich McLaughlin - Fluffy Clouds Michael Christeson - Flying Cow Alexis Kwasinski - Severe thunderstorm cell Mike Christeson - Cloud tries to eat the Sun Chuck Manges - Feather in the Sky Ed Honkus - Happy Valentine's Day Mike Christeson - Fly Like an Eagle Chuck Manges - Summer Lightning Eric Fischer - Wispy Virga Tail Frank Wielgus - Incandescent Clouds Mike Christeson - Last light before night Stellar 6 photographers 15 images Michael Lincoln - Milky Way and Sprite Alexis Kwasinski - Center of Milky Way_Part of Sagittarius and Ophiuchus Alexis Kwasinski - Scorpio holding Mars in its claws and some faint airglow Alexis Kwasinski - M45 Pleiades star cluster Michael Lincoln - Florida Night Mike Christeson
    [Show full text]
  • National Weather Service Glossary Page 1 of 254 03/15/08 05:23:27 PM National Weather Service Glossary
    National Weather Service Glossary Page 1 of 254 03/15/08 05:23:27 PM National Weather Service Glossary Source:http://www.weather.gov/glossary/ Table of Contents National Weather Service Glossary............................................................................................................2 #.............................................................................................................................................................2 A............................................................................................................................................................3 B..........................................................................................................................................................19 C..........................................................................................................................................................31 D..........................................................................................................................................................51 E...........................................................................................................................................................63 F...........................................................................................................................................................72 G..........................................................................................................................................................86
    [Show full text]
  • Prime Focus Page 2 September 2019 Two Important Notes About the September General Meeting
    Highlights of the September Sky - - - 5th - - - PM: Jupiter is 4° to the Moon’s lower le with Antares 7° below the Moon. First Quarter Moon 11:10 pm EDT - - - 7th - - - PM: Jupiter, the Moon, and Saturn form a straight line above the tail of Scorpius. KAS - - - 7th - - - PM: The Moon and Saturn Observing Session: Saturday, September 7 @ 8:00 pm are nestled between the Teapot and Teaspoon The Moon, Jupiter & Saturn - Kalamazoo Nature Center asterisms in Sagiarius. - - - 8th - - - General Meeting: Friday, September 13 @ 7:00 pm PM: The Moon is 6° to the WMU Rood Hall (Room 1104) - See Page 8 for Details le of Saturn. - - - 14th - - - Club Conjunction: Saturday, September 14 @ 12:00 pm Full Moon 12:33 am EDT Kalamazoo Nature Center - See Page 4 for Details th - - - 20 - - - Board Meeting: Sunday, September 15 @ 5:00 pm AM: A waning gibbous Moon is close to the Hyades Sunnyside Church (2800 Gull Road) - All Members Welcome cluster in Taurus, with Aldebaran 4° to the Moon’s lower le. Observing Session: Saturday, September 21 @ 8:00 pm Saturn & Galaxies of Autumn - Kalamazoo Nature Center - - - 21st - - - Last Quarter Moon 10:41 pm EDT - - - 23rd - - - AM: The Moon is in Gemini Inside the Newsletter. and forms a right-angle triangle with Castor and Pollux. Perseid Potluck Picnic Report............ p. 2 th Observaons...................................... p. 3 - - - 24 - - - AM: The Moon is less than Quintuple Conjuncon...................... p. 4 7° west of M44, the Beehive Cluster, in Cancer. NASA Night Sky Notes........................ p. 5 th - - - 25 - - - September Night Sky......................... p. 6 AM: The Moon is now less than 8° east of M44.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Dissonance: Horror Cultures in the Age of Convergent Technologies
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2017 Digital Dissonance: Horror Cultures in the Age of Convergent Technologies Daniel Powell University of Central Florida Part of the Other Film and Media Studies Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Powell, Daniel, "Digital Dissonance: Horror Cultures in the Age of Convergent Technologies" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 5482. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/5482 DIGITAL DISSONANCE: HORROR CULTURES IN THE AGE OF CONVERGENT TECHNOLOGIES by DANIEL POWELL M.A. Portland State University, 2002 B.S. Linfield College, 1999 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Texts & Technology in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2017 Major Professor: Rudy McDaniel © 2017 Daniel Powell ii ABSTRACT The first two decades of the new millennium have witnessed an abundance of change in the areas of textual production, digital communication, and our collective engagement with the Internet. This study explores these changes, which have yielded both positive and negative cultural and developmental outcomes, as products of digital dissonance. Dissonance is characterized by the disruptive consequences inherent in technology’s incursion into the print publication cultures of the twentieth century, the explosion in social-media interaction that is changing the complexion of human contact, and our expanding reliance on the World Wide Web for negotiating commerce, culture, and communication.
    [Show full text]
  • 25 BARS You Must Try
    DRINK EAT COOK wine & a movie 200 restaurant recipes from top date ideas profiles & menus local chefs tasteTHE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO EATING & DRINKING IN NORTHEAST FLORIDA • VOLUME 6 25 BARS You Must Try 2011 A SUPPLEMENT TO JACKSONVILLE MAGAZINE MBE NU R F O O J U O R M U R R B A A B N Y B E B K Q IS & W H OPENING EARLY 2011 jax beach lakewood fleming island avondale 1500 beach blvd 1607 university blvd w. 1810 town center blvd 3572 st johns ave 247-6636 732-7200 264- 0636 381-6670 mojobbq.com at your service tasteJACKSONVILLE MAGAZINE’S 2011 VOLUME SIX EDITORIAL: PUBLISHER / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Joseph White ASSOCIATE EDITOR / DIRECTOR OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS Kathy Weedon MANAGING EDITOR Kaki Flynn CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Kerry Speckman, Alison Trinidad, GREAT WEDDING GIVEAWAY INTERNS Tori Gibbs, Tia Woods Congratulations to Katherine Novgrad and Kevin Kyle (above), winners of the ART: 2011 Great Wedding Giveaway. The CREATIVE DIRECTOR Bronie M. Massey lucky couple, set to marry in June, won DESIGNER Jennifer L. Curry a prize package worth more than • For 27 years, Jacksonville Magazine has $30,000 in goods and services includ- PHOTOGRAPHER / WEB GURU Bradley Stookey covered the people, issues and happenings of Northeast Florida. The magazine is ing photography, a bridal shower for 25, MASCOTS “Bud” the Jacksonville Magazine four hours of DJ entertainment, hair and Wonder Dog and Cisco Kid published 12 times annually and reaches makeup services, an oceanfront wed- more than 140,000 upscale, active and ding and reception at the Serenata SALES: educated readers each month.
    [Show full text]
  • MSE3 Ch22 Atmospheric Optics
    Chapter 22 Copyright © 2011, 2015 by Roland Stull. Meteorology for Scientists and Engineers, 3rd Ed. OptiCs COntents Light can be considered as photon particles or electromagnetic waves, ei- Ray Geometry 833 ther of which travel along paths called Reflection 833 22 rays. To first order, light rays are straight lines Refraction 834 within a uniform transparent medium such as air Huygens’ Principle 837 or water, but can reflect (bounce back) or refract Critical Angle 837 (bend) at an interface between two media. Gradual Liquid-Drop Optics 837 refraction (curved ray paths) can also occur within Primary Rainbow 839 a single medium containing a smooth variation of Secondary Rainbow 840 optical properties. Alexander’s Dark Band 841 Other Rainbow Phenomena 841 The beauty of nature and the utility of physics come together in the explanation of rainbows, halos, Ice Crystal Optics 842 and myriad other atmospheric optical phenomena. Parhelic Circle 844 Subsun 844 22° Halo 845 46° Halo 846 Halos Associated with Pyramid Crystals 847 ray GeOmetry Circumzenith & Circumhorizon Arcs 848 Sun Dogs (Parhelia) 850 Subsun Dogs (Subparhelia) 851 When a monochromatic (single color) light ray Tangent Arcs 851 reaches an interface between two media such as air Other Halos 853 and water, a portion of the incident light from the Scattering 856 air can be reflected back into the air, some can be re- Background 856 fracted as it enters the water (Fig. 22.1), and some can Rayleigh Scattering 857 be absorbed and changed into heat (not sketched). Geometric Scattering 857 Similar processes occur across an air-ice interface.
    [Show full text]
  • Atmospheric Halos
    Atmospheric Halos Rings around the sun and moon and related apparitions in the sky are caused by myriad crystals of ice. Precisely how they are formed is st11l a challenge to modern physics by David K. Lynch }tyone who spends a fair amount of halo and is bilaterally symmetrical with different length and is perpendicular to time outdoors and keeps an eye it. At the top and bottom the two are the plane of the a axes. on the sky is likely to see occa­ tangent. The circumzenith arc appears Although many forms of ice can oc­ sionally a misty ring or halo around the as an inverted rainbow centered on the cur. only about four are important in sun or the moon. The phenomenon is zenith. facing the sun. meteorological optics. The others are well established in folklore as a sign that Many other phenomena of this kind either too rare or do not have smooth. a storm is coming. Actually the halo is have been identified. and I shall describe regular optical faces. The important only one of a number of optical effects a number of them. As the optical effects forms are the plate. which resembles a that arise from the same cause. which is of atmospheric ice crystals are enumer­ hexagonal bathroom tile. the column. the reflection and refraction of light by ated. however. a point is reached where the capped column and the bullet (a col­ crystals of ice in the air. Whenever cir­ their existence and properties become umn with one pyramidal end). rus clouds or ice fogs form.
    [Show full text]
  • Brilliant Colours from a White Snow Cover
    Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Brilliant colours from a white snow cover This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 2013 Phys. Educ. 48 322 (http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9120/48/3/322) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 153.90.120.11 The article was downloaded on 20/04/2013 at 00:48 Please note that terms and conditions apply. P APERS iopscience.org/ped Brilliant colours from a white snow cover Michael Vollmer1 and Joseph A Shaw2 1 University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, Germany 2 Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Surprisingly colourful views are possible from sparkling white snow. It is well known that similarly colourful features can exist in the sky whenever appropriate ice crystals are around. However, the transition of light reflection and refraction from ice crystals in the air to reflection and refraction from those in snow on the ground is not trivial. Photographs and videos from brilliant colourful sparkles observed in white snow covers are presented and discussed. S Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop.org/PhysED/48/322/mmedia Introduction Colourful phenomena from ice crystals in There are many different ways in which the air magnificent colourful light effects can be pro- duced in Nature. Examples are rainbows caused The observable atmospheric optical phenomena by refraction and reflection in raindrops [1,2], associated with reflection and refraction from ice or coronas, iridescence and glories caused by crystals within thin clouds are called halos [1,2, scattering (diffraction) of light by much smaller 7].
    [Show full text]