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Home , Anisyl alcohol, Cinnamyl alcohol, Methyl propionate

Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 172.515

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Tolu ...... Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms. Turpentine ...... Pinus palustris Mill. and other Pinus spp. which yield terpene oils exclusively. Valerian rhizome and roots ...... Valeriana officinalis L. Veronica ...... Veronica officinalis L ...... Do. Vervain, European ...... Verbena officinalis L ...... Do. Vetiver ...... Vetiveria zizanioides Stapf ...... Do. Violet, Swiss ...... Viola calcarata L. Walnut husks (hulls), leaves, and green nuts Juglans nigra L. or J. regia L. Woodruff, sweet ...... Asperula odorata L ...... In alcoholic beverages only Yarrow ...... Achillea millefolium L ...... In beverages only; fin- ished beverage thujone free1 Yerba santa ...... Eriodictyon californicum (Hook, et Arn.) Torr. Yucca, Joshua-tree ...... Yucca brevifolia Engelm. Yucca, Mohave ...... Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies (Y. mohavensis Sarg.). 1 As determined by using the method (or, in other than alcoholic beverages, a suitable adaptation thereof) in section 9.129 of the ‘‘Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists,’’ 13th Ed. (1980), which is incorporated by ref- erence. Copies may be obtained from the AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 481 North Frederick Ave., suite 500, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federallregister/codeloflfederallregulations/ ibrllocations.html.

[42 FR 14491, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 14644, Apr. 7, 1978; 49 FR 10104, Mar. 19, 1984; 54 FR 24897, June 12, 1989; 69 FR 24511, May 4, 2004; 72 FR 10357, Mar. 8, 2007]

§ 172.515 Synthetic flavoring sub- Allyl isothiocyanate; mustard oil. stances and adjuvants. Allyl isovalerate. Allyl mercaptan; 2-propene-1-thiol. Synthetic flavoring substances and Allyl nonanoate. adjuvants may be safely used in food in Allyl octanoate. accordance with the following condi- Allyl phenoxyacetate. tions. Allyl phenylacetate. (a) They are used in the minimum Allyl propionate. quantity required to produce their in- Allyl sorbate; allyl 2,4-hexadienoate. tended effect, and otherwise in accord- Allyl sulfide. ance with all the principles of good Allyl tiglate; allyl trans-2-methyl-2- butenoate. manufacturing practice. Allyl 10-undecenoate. (b) They consist of one or more of the Ammonium isovalerate. following, used alone or in combination Ammonium sulfide. with flavoring substances and adju- Amyl ; pentyl alcohol. vants generally recognized as safe in Amyl butyrate. food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or a-Amylcinnamaldehyde. regulated by an appropriate section in a-Amylcinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal. this part. a-Amylcinnamyl acetate. a-Amylcinnamyl alcohol. Acetal; acetaldehyde diethyl acetal. a-Amylcinnamyl formate. Acetaldehyde phenethyl propyl acetal. a-Amylcinnamyl isovalerate. Acetanisole; 4′-methoxyacetophenone. Amyl formate. Acetophenone; methyl phenyl ketone. Amyl heptanoate. Allyl anthranilate. Amyl hexanoate. Allyl butyrate. Amyl octanoate. Allyl cinnamate. Anisole; methoxybenzene. Allyl cyclohexaneacetate. Anisyl acetate. Allyl cyclohexanebutyrate. Anisyl alcohol; p-methoxybenzyl alcohol. Allyl cyclohexanehexanoate. Anisyl butyrate Allyl cyclohexaneproprionate. Anisyl formate. Allyl cyclohexanevalerate. Anisyl phenylacetate. Allyl disulfide. Anisyl propionate. Allyl 2-ethylbutyrate. Beechwood creosote. Allyl hexanoate; allyl caproate. Benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal. Allyl a-ionone; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclo-hex- Benzaldehyde glyceryl acetal; 2-phenyl-m-di- ene-1-yl)-1,6-heptadiene-3-one. oxan-5-ol.

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Benzaldehyde propylene glycol acetal; 4- Cadinene. methyl-2-phenyl-m-dioxolane. Camphene; 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene- Benzenethiol; thiophenol. norbornane. Benzoin; 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone. d-Camphor. Benzophenone; diphenylketone. Carvacrol; 2-p-cymenol. Benzyl acetate. Carvacryl ethyl ether; 2-ethoxy-p-cymene. Benzyl acetoacetate. Carveol; p-mentha-6,8-dien-2-ol. Benzyl alcohol. 4-Carvomenthenol; 1-p-menthen-4-ol; 4- Benzyl benzoate. terpinenol. Benzyl butyl ether. cis Carvone oxide; 1,6-epoxy-p-menth-8-en-2- Benzyl butyrate. one. Benzyl cinnamate. Carvyl acetate. Benzyl 2,3–dimethylcrotonate; benzyl methyl Carvyl propionate. tiglate. b-Caryophyllene. Benzyl disulfide; dibenzyl disulfide. Caryophyllene alcohol. Benzyl ethyl ether. Caryophyllene alcohol acetate. Benzyl formate. b-Caryophyllene oxide; 4-12,12-trimethyl-9- 3-Benzyl-4-heptanone; benzyl dipropyl ke- methylene-5-oxatricylo [8.2.0.0 4,6] dode- tone. cane. Benzyl isobutyrate. Cedarwood oil alcohols. Benzyl isovalerate. Cedarwood oil terpenes. Benzyl mercaptan; a-toluenethiol. 1,4-Cineole. Benzyl methoxyethyl acetal; acetaldehyde glycol acetal. benzyl b-methoxyethyl acetal. . Benzyl phenylacetate. . Benzyl propionate. Cinnamyl alcohol; 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol. Benzyl salicylate. Cinnamyl benzoate. Birch tar oil. Cinnamyl butyrate. Borneol; d-camphanol. Cinnamyl cinnamate. Bornyl acetate. Cinnamyl formate. Bornyl formate. Cinnamyl isobutyrate. Bornyl isovalerate. Cinnamyl isovalerate. Bornyl valerate. Cinnamyl phenylacetate. b-Bourbonene; 1,2,3,3a,3bb,4,5,6,6ab,6ba-deca- Cinnamyl propionate. hydro-la-isopropyl-3aa-methyl-6-meth- Citral diethyl acetal; 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octa- ylene-cyclobuta [1,2:3,4] dicyclopentene. dienal diethyl acetal. 2-Butanol. Citral dimethyl acetal; 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octa- 2-Butanone; methyl ethyl ketone. dienal dimethyl acetal. Butter acids. Citral propylene glycol acetal. Butter . Citronellal; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal; rhodinal. . Citronellol; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol; d-cit- Butyl acetoacetate. ronellol. Butyl alcohol; 1-butanol. Citronelloxyacetaldehyde. Butyl anthranilate. Citronellyl acetate. . Citronellyl butyrate. Butyl butyryllactate; lactic acid, butyl Citronellyl formate. , butyrate. Citronellyl isobutyrate. a-Butylcinnamaldehyde. Citronellyl phenylacetate. Butyl cinnamate. Citronellyl propionate. Butyl 2-decenoate. Citronellyl valerate. Butyl ethyl malonate. p-Cresol. Butyl formate. Cuminaldehyde; cuminal; p-isopropyl benz- Butyl heptanoate. aldehyde. Butyl hexanoate. Cyclohexaneacetic acid. Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate. Cyclohexaneethyl acetate. Butyl isobutyrate. Cyclohexyl acetate. Butyl isovalerate. Cyclohexyl anthranilate. Butyl lactate. Cyclohexyl butyrate. Butyl laurate. Cyclohexyl cinnamate. Butyl levulinate. Cyclohexyl formate. Butyl phenylacetate. Cyclohexyl isovalerate. Butyl propionate. Cyclohexyl propionate. Butyl stearate. p-Cymene. Butyl sulfide. g-Decalactone; 4-hydroxy-decanoic acid, g- Butyl 10-undecenoate. lactone. Butyl valerate. g-Decalactone; 5-hydroxy-decanoic acid, d- Butyraldehyde. lactone.

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Decanal dimethyl acetal. Ethyl crotonate; trans-2-butenoic acid ethyl- 1-Decanol; decylic alcohol. ester. 2-Decenal. Ethyl cyclohexanepropionate. 3-Decen-2-one; heptylidene . . Decyl actate. 2-Ethylfuran. Decyl butyrate. Ethyl 2-furanpropionate. Decyl propionate. 4-Ethylguaiacol; 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol. Dibenzyl ether. . 4,4-Dibutyl-g-butyrolactone; 4,4-dibutyl-4-hy- 2-Ethyl-2-heptenal; 2-ethyl-3-butylacrolein. droxy-butyric acid, g-lactone. . Dibutyl sebacate. Ethyl isobutyrate. Diethyl malate. . Diethyl malonate; ethyl malonate. Ethyl lactate. Diethyl sebacate. Ethyl laurate. Diethyl succinate. Ethyl levulinate. Diethyl tartrate. Ethyl maltol; 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4- 2,5-Diethyltetrahydrofuran. one. Dihydrocarveol; 8-p-menthen-2-ol; 6-methyl- Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. 3-isopropenylcyclohexanol. Ethyl myristate. Dihydrocarvone. Ethyl nitrite. Ethyl nonanoate. Dihydrocarvyl acetate. Ethyl 2-nonynoate; ethyl octyne carbonate. m-Dimethoxybenzene. . p-Dimethoxybenzene; dimethyl hydro- Ethyl oleate. quinone. Ethyl phenylacetate. 2,4-Dimethylacetophenone. Ethyl 4-phenylbutyrate. a,a-Dimethylbenzyl isobutyrate; phenyldi- Ethyl 3-phenylglycidate. methylcarbinyl isobutyrate. Ethyl 3-phenylpropionate; ethyl hydro- 2,6-Dimethyl-5-heptenal. cinnamate. 2,6-Dimethyl octanal; isodecylaldehyde. . 3,7-Dimethyl-1-octanol; tetrahydrogeraniol. Ethyl pyruvate. a,a-Dimethylphenethyl acetate; benzyl- Ethyl salicylate. ; benzyldimethylcarbinyl ac- Ethyl sorbate; ethyl 2,4-hexadienoate. etate. Ethyl tiglate; ethyl trans-2-methyl-2- a,a-Dimethylphenethyl alcohol; dimethyl- butenoate. benzyl carbinol. Ethyl undecanoate. a,a-Dimethylphenethyl butyrate; benzyl- Ethyl 10-undecenoate. dimethylcarbinyl butyrate. Ethyl valerate. a,a-Dimethylphenethyl formate; benzyldi- Eucalyptol; 1,8-epoxy-p-menthane; cineole. methylcarbinyl formate. Eugenyl acetate. Dimethyl succinate. Eugenyl benzoate. 1,3-Diphenyl-2-propanone; dibenzyl ketone. Eugenyl formate. delta-Dodecalactone; 5-hydroxydodecanoic Eugenyl methyl ether; 4-allylveratrole; acid, deltalactone. methyl eugenol. g-Dodecalactone; 4-hydroxydodecanoic acid g- Farnesol; 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien- lactone. 1-ol. 2-Dodecenal. d-Fenchone; d-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-nor- Estragole. bornanone. r-Ethoxybenzaldehyde. Fenchyl alcohol; 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-nor- Ethyl acetoacetate. bornanol. Ethyl 2-acetyl-3-phenylpropionate; ethyl- Formic acid benzyl acetoacetate. (2-Furyl)-2-propanone; furyl acetone. Ethyl aconitate, mixed esters. 1-Furyl-2-propanone; furyl acetone. Ethyl acrylate. Fusel oil, refined (mixed amyl alcohols). Ethyl r-anisate. Geranyl acetoacetate; trans-3,7-dimethyl-2, 6- Ethyl anthranilate. octadien-1-yl acetoacetate. Ethyl benzoate. Geranyl acetone; 6,10-dimethyl-5,9- Ethyl benzoylacetate. undecadien-2-one. a-Ethylbenzyl butyrate; a-phenylpropyl bu- Geranyl benzoate. tyrate. Geranyl butyrate. Ethyl brassylate; tridecanedioic acid cyclic Geranyl formate. diester; cyclo 1,13-ethyl- Geranyl hexanoate enedioxytridecan-1,13-dione. Geranyl isobutyrate. 2-Ethylbutyl acetate. Geranyl isovalerate. 2-Ethylbutyraldehyde. Geranyl phenylacetate. 2-Ethylbutyric acid. Geranyl propionate. Ethyl cinnamate. Glucose pentaacetate.

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Guaiacol; μ-methoxyphenol. a-Ionone; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1- Guaiacyl acetate; μ-methoxyphenyl acetate. yl)-3-buten-2-one. Guaiacyl phenylacetate. b-Ionone; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1- Guaiene; 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropenyl-D9,10- yl)-3-buten-2-one. octahydroazulene. a-Irone; 4-(2,5,6,6-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexene- Guaiol acetate; 1,4-dimethyl-7-(a-hydroxy- 1-yl)-3-buten-2-one; 6-methylionone. isopropyl)-d9,10-octahydroazulene acetate. . g-Heptalactone; 4-hydroxyheptanoic acid, g- Isoamyl acetoacetate. lactone. ; isopentyl alcohol; 3-methyl- Heptanal; enanthaldehyde. 1-butanol. Heptanal dimethyl acetal. Isoamyl benzoate. Heptanal 1,2-glyceryl acetal. Isoamyl butyrate. 2,3-Heptanedione; acetyl valeryl. Isoamyl cinnamate. 3-Heptanol. Isoamyl formate. 2-Heptanone; methyl amyl ketone. Isoamyl 2-furanbutyrate; a-isoamyl furfuryl- 3-Heptanone; ethyl butyl ketone. propionate. 4-Heptanone; dipropyl ketone. Isoamyl 2-furanpropionate; a-isoamyl fur- cis-4-Heptenal; cis-4-hepten-1-al. furylacetate. Heptyl acetate. Isoamyl hexanoate. Heptyl alcohol; enanthic alcohol. Isoamyl isobutyrate. Heptyl butyrate. Isoamyl isovalerate. Heptyl cinnamate. Isoamyl laurate. Heptyl formate. Isoamyl-2-methylbutyrate; isopentyl-2- Heptyl isobutyrate. methylbutyrate. Heptyl octanoate. Isoamyl nonanoate. 1-Hexadecanol; . Isoamyl octanoate. w-6-Hexadecenlactone; 16-hydroxy-6- Isoamyl phenylacetate. hexadecenoic acid, w-lactone; Isoamyl propionate. ambrettolide. Isoamyl pyruvate. g-Hexalactone; 4-hydroxyhexanoic acid, g-lac- tone; tonkalide. Isoamyl salicylate. Hexanal; caproic aldehyde. Isoborneol. 2,3-Hexanedione; acetyl butyryl. Isobornyl acetate. Hexanoic acid; caproic acid. Isobornyl formate. 2-Hexenal. Isobornyl isovalerate. 2-Hexen-1-ol. Isobornyl propionate. 3-Hexen-1-ol; leaf alcohol. . 2-Hexen-1-yl acetate. Isobutyl acetoacetate. 3-Hexenyl isovalerate. Isobutyl alcohol. 3-Hexenyl 2-methylbutyrate. Isobutyl angelate; isobutyl cis-2-methyl-2- 3-Hexenyl phenylacetate; cis-3-hexenyl phen- butenoate. ylacetate. Isobutyl anthranilate. . Isobutyl benzoate. 2-Hexyl-4-acetoxytetrahydrofuran. Isobutyl butyrate. Hexyl alcohol. Isobutyl cinnamate. Hexyl butyrate. Isobutyl formate. a-Hexylcinnamaldehyde. Isobutyl 2-furanpropionate. Hexyl formate. Isobutyl heptanoate. Hexyl hexanoate. Isobutyl hexanoate. 2-Hexylidene cyclopentanone. Isobutyl isobutyrate. Hexyl isovalerate. a-Isobutylphenethyl alcohol; isobutyl benzyl Hexyl 2-methylbutyrate. carbinol; 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanol. Hexyl octanoate. Isobutyl phenylacetate. Hexyl phenylacetate; n-hexyl phenylacetate. Isobutyl propionate. Hexyl propionate. Isobutyl salicylate. Hydroxycitronellal; 3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy- 2-Isobutylthiazole. octanal. Isobutyraldehyde. Hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetal. Isobutyric acid. Hydroxycitronellal dimethyl acetal. Isoeugenol; 2-methoxy-4-propenylphenol. Hydroxycitronellol; 3,7-dimethyl-1,7- Isoeugenyl acetate. octanediol. Isoeugenyl benzyl ether; benzyl isoeugenol. N-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-nonanamide; Isoeugenyl ethyl ether; 2-ethoxy-5-propenyl- pelargonyl vanillylamide. anisole; ethyl isoeugenol. 5-Hydroxy-4-octanone; butyroin. Isoeugenyl formate. 4-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone; p-hydroxy- Isoeugenyl methyl ether; 4-propenyl- benzyl acetone. veratrole; methyl isoeugenol. Indole. Isoeugenyl phenylacetate.

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Isojasmone; mixture of 2-hexylidenecyclo- 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol; 4-methyl- pentanone and 2-hexyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one. guaiacol; 2-methoxy-p-cresol. a-Isomethylionone; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2- 4-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone; anisyl ace- cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyl-3-buten-2-one; tone. methyl g-ionone. 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1-penten-3- . one; methoxystyryl isopropyl ketone. r-Isopropylacetophenone. 1-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-1-penten-3-one; a- ; isopropanol. methylanisylidene acetone; ethone. Isopropyl benzoate. 1-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone; r-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol; cuminic alcohol; anisylmethyl ketone; anisic ketone. r-cymen-7-ol. 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol; p-vinylguaiacol. Isopropyl butyrate. . Isopropyl cinnamate. 4′-Methylacetophenone; p-methylaceto- Isopropyl formate. phenone; methyl p-tolyl ketone. Isopropyl hexanoate. 2-Methylallyl butyrate; 2-methyl-2-propenl- Isopropyl isobutyrate. yl butyrate. Isopropyl isovalerate. Methyl anisate. r-Isopropylphenylacetaldehyde; r-cymen-7- o-Methylanisole; o-cresyl methyl ether. carboxaldehyde. p-Methylanisole; p-cresyl methyl ether; p- Isopropyl phenylacetate. methoxytoluene. Methyl benzoate. 3-(r-Isopropylphenyl)-propionaldehyde; r-iso- propylhydrocinnamaldehyde; cuminyl ac- Methylbenzyl acetate, mixed o-,m-,p-. etaldehyde. a-Methylbenzyl acetate; styralyl acetate. Isopropyl propionate. a-Methylbenzyl alcohol; styralyl alcohol. -Methylbenzyl butyrate; styralyl butyrate. Isopulegol; p-menth-8-en-3-ol. a -Methylbenzyl isobutyrate; styralyl iso- Isopulegone; p-menth-8-en-3-one. a butyrate. Isopulegyl acetate. a-Methylbenzyl formate; styralyl formate. Isoquinoline. a-Methylbenzyl propionate; styralyl propio- Isovaleric acid. nate. Jasmone; 3-methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclo- cis- 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol. penten-1-one. 2-Methylbutyl isovalerate. Lauric aldehyde; dodecanal. Methyl p-tert-butylphenylacetate. Lauryl acetate. 2-Methylbutyraldehyde; methyl ethyl acetal- Lauryl alcohol; 1-. dehyde. Lepidine; 4-methylquinoline. 3-Methylbutyraldehyde; isovaleraldehyde. Levulinic acid. . Linalool oxide; cis- and trans-2-vinyl-2-meth- 2-Methylbutyric acid. ′ ′ yl-5-(1 -hydroxy-1 -methylethyl) tetra- a-Methylcinnamaldehyde. hydrofuran. p-Methylcinnamaldehyde. Linalyl anthranilate; 3,7-dimethyl-1,6- Methyl cinnamate. octadien-3-yl anthranilate. 2-Methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. Linalyl benzoate. Methylcyclopentenolone; 3-methylcyclopen- Linalyl butyrate. tane-1,2-dione. Linalyl cinnamate. Methyl disulfide; dimethyl disulfide. Linalyl formate. Methyl ester of , partially hydrogenated Linalyl hexanoate. (as defined in § 172.615); methyl Linalyl isobutyrate. dihydroabietate. Linalyl isovalerate. Methyl heptanoate. Linalyl octanoate. 2-Methylheptanoic acid. Linalyl propionate. 6-Methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one. Maltol; 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one. Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol. Menthadienol; p-mentha-1,8(10)-dien-9-ol. 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one. p-Mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol; perillyl alcohol. Methyl hexanoate. Menthadienyl acetate; p-mentha-1,8(10)-dien- Methyl 2-hexanoate. 9-yl acetate. Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate; methylparaben. p-Menth-3-en-1-ol. Methyl a-ionone; 5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclo- 1-p-Menthen-–9-yl acetate; p-menth-1-en-9-yl hexen-1-yl)-4-penten-3-one. acetate. Methyl b-ionone; 5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclo- Menthol; 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol. hexen-1-yl)-4-penten-3-one. Menthone; p-menthan-3-one. Methyl D-ionone; 5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-cyclo- Menthyl acetate; p-menth-3-yl acetate. hexen-1-yl-)-4-penten-3-one. Menthyl isovalerate; p-menth-3-yl iso- . valerate. 2-Methyl-3-(p-isopropylphenyl)-propionalde- o-Methoxybenzaldehyde. hyde; a-methyl-p-isopropylhydro- p-Methoxybenzaldehyde; p-anisaldehyde. cinnamal- dehyde; cyclamen aldehyde. o-Methoxycinnamaldehyde. Methyl isovalerate.

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Methyl laurate. g-Nonalactone; 4-hydroxynonanoic acid, g- Methyl mercaptan; methanethiol. lactone; aldehyde C–18. Methyl o-methoxybenzoate. Nonanal; pelargonic aldehyde. Methyl N-methylanthranilate; dimethyl an- 1,3-Nonanediol acetate, mixed esters. thranilate. Nonanoic acid; pelargonic acid. Methyl 2-methylbutyrate. 2-Nonanone; methylheptyl ketone. Methyl-3-methylthiopropionate. 3-Nonanon-1-yl acetate; 1-hydroxy-3- Methyl 4-methylvalerate. nonanone acetate. Methyl myristate. Nonyl acetate. Methyl b-naphthyl ketone; 2′-acetonaph- Nonyl alcohol; 1-nonanol. thone. Nonyl octanoate. Methyl nonanoate. Nonyl isovalerate. Methyl 2-nonenoate. Nootkatone; 5,6-dimethyl-8-isopropenyl- Methyl 2-nonynoate; methyloctyne car- bicyclo[4,4,0]-dec-1-en-3-one. bonate. Ocimene; trans-b-ocimene; 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6- 2-Methyloctanal; methyl hexyl acetaldehyde. octatriene. Methyl octanoate. g-Octalactone; 4-hydroxyoctanoic acid, g-lac- Methyl 2-octynoate; methyl heptine car- tone. bonate. Octanal; caprylaldehyde. 4-Methyl-2,3-pentanedione; acetyl iso- Octanal dimethyl acetal. butyryl. 1-Octanol; octyl alcohol. 4-Methyl-2-pentanone; methyl isobutyl ke- 2-Octanol. tone. 3-Octanol. 2-Octanone; methyl hexyl ketone. b-Methylphenethyl alcohol; hydratropyl al- 3-Octanone; ethyl amyl ketone. cohol. 3-Octanon-1-ol. Methyl phenylacetate. 1-Octen-3-ol; amyl vinyl carbinol. 3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-butene-2-one. 1-Octen-3-yl acetate. 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl acetate; dimethyl- Octyl acetate. phenylethyl carbinyl acetate. 3-Octyl acetate. 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl isobutyrate; Octyl butyrate. dimethylphenyl ethylcarbinyl isobutyrate. Octyl formate. 3-Methyl-2-phenylbutyraldehyde; a-isopropyl Octyl heptanoate. phenylacetaldehyde. Octyl isobutyrate. Methyl 4-phenylbutyrate. Octyl isovalerate. 4-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanone; benzyl iso- Octyl octanoate. butyl ketone. Octyl phenylacetate. Methyl 3-phenylpropionate; methyl hydro- Octyl propionate. cinnamate. w-Pentadecalactone; 15-hydroxypentadeca- Methyl propionate. noic acid, w-lactone; pentadecanolide; an- 3-Methyl-5-propyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one. gelica lactone. Methyl sulfide. 2,3-Pentanedione; acetyl propionyl. 3-Methylthiopropionaldehyde; methional. 2-Pentanone; methyl propyl ketone. 2-Methyl-3-tolylpropionaldehyde, mixed o-, 4-Pentenoic acid. m-, p-. 1-Penten-3-ol. 2-Methylundecanal; methyl nonyl acetal- Perillaldehyde; 4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene- dehyde. 1-carboxaldehyde;p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-al. Methyl 9-undecenoate. Perillyl acetate; p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-yl ace- Methyl 2-undecynoate; methyl decyne car- tate. bonate. a-Phellandrene; r-mentha-1,5-diene. Methyl valerate. Phenethyl acetate. 2-Methylvaleric acid. ; b-phenylethyl alcohol. Myrcene; 7-methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octa- Phenethyl anthranilate. diene. Phenethyl benzoate. Myristaldehyde; tetradecanal. Phenethyl butyrate. d-Neomenthol; 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclo- Phenethyl cinnamate. hexanol. Phenethyl formate. Nerol; cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol. Phenethyl isobutyrate. Nerolidol; 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien- Phenethyl isovalerate. 3-ol. Phenethyl 2-methylbutyrate. Neryl acetate. Phenethyl phenylacetate. Neryl butyrate. Phenethyl propionate. Neryl formate. Phenethyl salicylate. Neryl isobutyrate. Phenethyl senecioate; phenethyl 3,3-di- Neryl isovalerate. methylacrylate. Neryl propionate. Phenethyl tiglate. 2,6-Nonadien-1-ol. Phenoxyacetic acid.

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2-Phenoxyethyl isobutyrate. Propyl hexanoate. Phenylacetaldehyde; a-toluic aldehyde. Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; propylparaben. Phenylacetaldehyde 2,3-butylene glycol ace- 3-Propylidenephthalide. tal. Propyl isobutyrate. Phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal. Propyl isovalerate. Phenylacetaldehyde glyceryl acetal. Propyl mercaptan. Phenylacetic acid; a-toluic acid. a-Propylphenethyl alcohol. 4-Phenyl-2-butanol; phenylethyl methyl car- Propyl phenylacetate. binol. Propyl propionate. 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-ol; methyl styryl car- Pulegone; p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one. binol. Pyridine. 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one. Pyroligneous acid extract. 4-Phenyl-2-butyl acetate; phenylethyl meth- Pyruvaldehyde. yl carbinyl acetate. Pyruvic acid. 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol; phenylethyl Rhodinol; 3,7-dimethyl-7-octen-1-ol; l- methyl ethyl carbinol. citronellol. 1-Phenyl-1-propanol; phenylethyl carbinol. Rhodinyl acetate. 3-Phenyl-1-propanol; hydrocinnamyl alcohol. Rhodinyl butyrate. 2-Phenylpropionaldehyde; hydratropalde- Rhodinyl formate. hyde. Rhodinyl isobutyrate. 3-Phenylpropionaldehyde; hydrocinnamal- Rhodinyl isovalerate. dehyde. Rhodinyl phenylacetate. 2-Phenylpropionalde-hyde dimethyl acetal; Rhodinyl propionate. hydratropic aldehyde dimethyl acetal. Rum ether; ethyl oxyhydrate. 3-Phenylpropionic acid; hydrocinnamic acid. Salicylaldehyde. 3-Phenylpropyl acetate. Santalol, a and b. 2-Phenylpropyl butyrate. Santalyl acetate. 3-Phenylpropyl cinnamate. Santalyl phenylacetate. 3-Phenylpropyl formate. Skatole. 3-Phenylpropyl hexanoate. Sorbitan monostearate. 2-Phenylpropyl isobutyrate. Styrene. 3-Phenylpropyl isobutyrate. Sucrose octaacetate. 3-Phenylpropyl isovalerate. a-Terpinene. 3-Phenylpropyl propionate. g-Terpinene. 2-(3-Phenylpropyl)-tetrahydrofuran. a-Terpineol; p-menth-1-en-8-ol. a-Pinene; 2-pinene. b-Terpineol. b-Pinene; 2(10)-pinene. Terpinolene; p-menth-1,4(8)-diene. Pine tar oil. Terpinyl acetate. Pinocarveol; 2(10)-pinen-3-ol. Terpinyl anthranilate. Piperidine. Terpinyl butyrate. Piperine. Terpinyl cinnamate. d-Piperitone; p-menth-1-en-3-one. Terpinyl formate. Piperitenone; p-mentha-1,4(8)-dien-3-one. Terpinyl isobutyrate. Piperitenone oxide; 1,2-epoxy-p-menth-4-(8)- Terpinyl isovalerate. en-3-one. Terpinyl propionate. Piperonyl acetate; heliotropyl acetate. Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate. Piperonyl isobutyrate. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. Polylimonene. Tetrahydrofurfuryl butyrate. Polysorbate 20; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan Tetrahydrofurfuryl propionate. monolaurate. Tetrahydro-pseudo-ionone; 6,10-dimethyl-9- Polysorbate 60; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan undecen-2-one. monostereate. Tetrahydrolinalool; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol. Polysorbate 80; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan Tetramethyl ethylcyclohexenone; mixture of monooleate. 5-ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexen-1- Potassium acetate. one and 5-ethyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-2-cyclo- Propenylguaethol; 6-ethoxy-m-anol. hexen-1-one. Propionaldehyde. 2-Thienyl mercaptan; 2-thienylthiol. Propyl acetate. Thymol. Propyl alcohol; 1-propanol. Tolualdehyde glyceryl acetal, mixed o, m, p. p-Propyl anisole; dihydroanethole. Tolualdehydes, mixed o, m, p. Propyl benzoate. p-Tolylacetaldehyde. Propyl butyrate. o-Tolyl acetate; o-cresyl acetate. Propyl cinnamate. p-Tolyl acetate; p-cresyl acetate. Propyl disulfide. 4-(p-Tolyl)-2-butanone; p-methylbenzylace- Propyl formate. tone. Propyl 2-furanacrylate. p-Tolyl isobutyrate. Propyl heptanoate. p-Tolyl laurate.

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p-Tolyl phenylacetate. level not in excess of that reasonably 2-(p-Tolyl)-propionaldehyde; p-methylhydra- required to produce the intended effect. tropic aldehyde. Tributyl acetylcitrate. § 172.535 Disodium inosinate. 2-Tridecenal. 2,3-Undecadione; acetyl nonyryl. The food additive disodium inosinate g-Undecalactone; 4-hydroxyundecanoic acid may be safely used in food in accord- g-lactone; peach aldehyde; aldehyde C–14. ance with the following prescribed con- Undecenal. ditions: 2-Undecanone; methyl nonyl ketone. 9-Undecenal; undecenoic aldehyde. (a) The food additive is the disodium 10-Undecenal. salt of inosinic acid, manufactured and Undecen-1-ol; undecylenic alcohol. purified so as to contain no more than 10-Undecen-1-yl acetate. 150 parts per million of soluble barium Undecyl alcohol. in the compound disodium inosinate Valeraldehyde; pentanal. with seven and one-half molecules of Valeric acid; pentanoic acid. water of crystallization. Vanillin acetate; acetyl vanillin. Veratraldehyde. (b) The food additive is used as a fla- Verbenol; 2-pinen-4-ol. voring adjuvant in food. Zingerone; 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2- butanone. § 172.540 DL-Alanine. (c) D-Decalactone and D- DL-Alanine (a racemic mixture of D- dodecalactone when used separately or and L-alanine; CAS Reg. No. 302–72–7) in combination in oleomargarine are may be safely used as a flavor enhancer used at levels not to exceed 10 parts per for sweeteners in pickling mixtures at million and 20 parts per million, re- a level not to exceed 1 percent of the spectively, in accordance with § 166.110 pickling spice that is added to the of this chapter. pickling brine. (d) BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) [56 FR 6968, Feb. 21, 1991] may be used as an antioxidant in fla- voring substances whereby the additive § 172.560 Modified hop extract. does not exceed 0.5 percent of the es- The food additive modified hop ex- sential (volatile) oil content of the fla- voring substance. tract may be safely used in beer in ac- cordance with the following prescribed [42 FR 14491, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 42 conditions: FR 23148, May 6, 1977; 43 FR 19843, May 9, (a) The food additive is used or in- 1978; 45 FR 22915, Apr. 4, 1980; 47 FR 27810, tended for use as a flavoring agent in June 25, 1982; 48 FR 10812, Mar. 15, 1983; 48 FR 51907, Nov. 15, 1983; 49 FR 5747, Feb. 15, 1984; the brewing of beer. 50 FR 42932, Oct. 23, 1985; 54 FR 7402, Feb. 21, (b) The food additive is manufactured 1989; 61 FR 14245, Apr. 1, 1996; 69 FR 24511, by one of the following processes: May 4, 2004] (1) The additive is manufactured from a hexane extract of hops by si- § 172.520 Cocoa with dioctyl sodium multaneous isomerization and selec- sulfosuccinate for manufacturing. tive reduction in an alkaline aqueous The food additive ‘‘cocoa with dioctyl medium with sodium borohydride, sodium sulfosuccinate for manufac- whereby the additive meets the fol- turing,’’ conforming to § 163.117 of this lowing specifications: chapter and § 172.810, is used or in- (i) A solution of the food additive sol- tended for use as a flavoring substance ids is made up in approximately 0.012 n in dry beverage mixes whereby the alkaline methyl alcohol (6 milliliters amount of dioctyl sodium sulfo- of 1 n sodium hydroxide diluted to 500 succinate does not exceed 75 parts per milliliters with methyl alcohol) to million of the finished beverage. The show an absorbance at 253 millimicrons labeling of the dry beverage mix shall of 0.6 to 0.9 per centimeter. (This ab- bear adequate directions to assure use sorbance is obtained by approximately in compliance with this section. 0.03 milligram solids permilliliter.) The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of this § 172.530 Disodium guanylate. solution exhibits the following charac- Disodium guanylate may be safely teristics: An absorption peak at 253 used as a flavor enhancer in foods, at a millimicrons; no absorption peak at 325

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