Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 172.515 Common name Scientific name Limitations Tolu ................................................................ Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms. Turpentine ...................................................... Pinus palustris Mill. and other Pinus spp. which yield terpene oils exclusively. Valerian rhizome and roots ............................ Valeriana officinalis L. Veronica ......................................................... Veronica officinalis L .................................................. Do. Vervain, European ......................................... Verbena officinalis L ................................................... Do. Vetiver ............................................................ Vetiveria zizanioides Stapf ......................................... Do. Violet, Swiss ................................................... Viola calcarata L. Walnut husks (hulls), leaves, and green nuts Juglans nigra L. or J. regia L. Woodruff, sweet ............................................. Asperula odorata L ..................................................... In alcoholic beverages only Yarrow ............................................................ Achillea millefolium L .................................................. In beverages only; fin- ished beverage thujone free1 Yerba santa .................................................... Eriodictyon californicum (Hook, et Arn.) Torr. Yucca, Joshua-tree ........................................ Yucca brevifolia Engelm. Yucca, Mohave .............................................. Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies (Y. mohavensis Sarg.). 1 As determined by using the method (or, in other than alcoholic beverages, a suitable adaptation thereof) in section 9.129 of the ‘‘Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists,’’ 13th Ed. (1980), which is incorporated by ref- erence. Copies may be obtained from the AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 481 North Frederick Ave., suite 500, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federallregister/codeloflfederallregulations/ ibrllocations.html. [42 FR 14491, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 14644, Apr. 7, 1978; 49 FR 10104, Mar. 19, 1984; 54 FR 24897, June 12, 1989; 69 FR 24511, May 4, 2004; 72 FR 10357, Mar. 8, 2007] § 172.515 Synthetic flavoring sub- Allyl isothiocyanate; mustard oil. stances and adjuvants. Allyl isovalerate. Allyl mercaptan; 2-propene-1-thiol. Synthetic flavoring substances and Allyl nonanoate. adjuvants may be safely used in food in Allyl octanoate. accordance with the following condi- Allyl phenoxyacetate. tions. Allyl phenylacetate. (a) They are used in the minimum Allyl propionate. quantity required to produce their in- Allyl sorbate; allyl 2,4-hexadienoate. tended effect, and otherwise in accord- Allyl sulfide. ance with all the principles of good Allyl tiglate; allyl trans-2-methyl-2- butenoate. manufacturing practice. Allyl 10-undecenoate. (b) They consist of one or more of the Ammonium isovalerate. following, used alone or in combination Ammonium sulfide. with flavoring substances and adju- Amyl alcohol; pentyl alcohol. vants generally recognized as safe in Amyl butyrate. food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or a-Amylcinnamaldehyde. regulated by an appropriate section in a-Amylcinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal. this part. a-Amylcinnamyl acetate. a-Amylcinnamyl alcohol. Acetal; acetaldehyde diethyl acetal. a-Amylcinnamyl formate. Acetaldehyde phenethyl propyl acetal. a-Amylcinnamyl isovalerate. Acetanisole; 4′-methoxyacetophenone. Amyl formate. Acetophenone; methyl phenyl ketone. Amyl heptanoate. Allyl anthranilate. Amyl hexanoate. Allyl butyrate. Amyl octanoate. Allyl cinnamate. Anisole; methoxybenzene. Allyl cyclohexaneacetate. Anisyl acetate. Allyl cyclohexanebutyrate. Anisyl alcohol; p-methoxybenzyl alcohol. Allyl cyclohexanehexanoate. Anisyl butyrate Allyl cyclohexaneproprionate. Anisyl formate. Allyl cyclohexanevalerate. Anisyl phenylacetate. Allyl disulfide. Anisyl propionate. Allyl 2-ethylbutyrate. Beechwood creosote. Allyl hexanoate; allyl caproate. Benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal. Allyl a-ionone; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclo-hex- Benzaldehyde glyceryl acetal; 2-phenyl-m-di- ene-1-yl)-1,6-heptadiene-3-one. oxan-5-ol. 57 VerDate Aug<31>2005 18:38 Apr 28, 2008 Jkt 214067 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\214067.XXX 214067 mstockstill on PROD1PC66 with CFR § 172.515 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–08 Edition) Benzaldehyde propylene glycol acetal; 4- Cadinene. methyl-2-phenyl-m-dioxolane. Camphene; 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene- Benzenethiol; thiophenol. norbornane. Benzoin; 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone. d-Camphor. Benzophenone; diphenylketone. Carvacrol; 2-p-cymenol. Benzyl acetate. Carvacryl ethyl ether; 2-ethoxy-p-cymene. Benzyl acetoacetate. Carveol; p-mentha-6,8-dien-2-ol. Benzyl alcohol. 4-Carvomenthenol; 1-p-menthen-4-ol; 4- Benzyl benzoate. terpinenol. Benzyl butyl ether. cis Carvone oxide; 1,6-epoxy-p-menth-8-en-2- Benzyl butyrate. one. Benzyl cinnamate. Carvyl acetate. Benzyl 2,3–dimethylcrotonate; benzyl methyl Carvyl propionate. tiglate. b-Caryophyllene. Benzyl disulfide; dibenzyl disulfide. Caryophyllene alcohol. Benzyl ethyl ether. Caryophyllene alcohol acetate. Benzyl formate. b-Caryophyllene oxide; 4-12,12-trimethyl-9- 3-Benzyl-4-heptanone; benzyl dipropyl ke- methylene-5-oxatricylo [8.2.0.0 4,6] dode- tone. cane. Benzyl isobutyrate. Cedarwood oil alcohols. Benzyl isovalerate. Cedarwood oil terpenes. Benzyl mercaptan; a-toluenethiol. 1,4-Cineole. Benzyl methoxyethyl acetal; acetaldehyde Cinnamaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal. benzyl b-methoxyethyl acetal. Cinnamic acid. Benzyl phenylacetate. Cinnamyl acetate. Benzyl propionate. Cinnamyl alcohol; 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol. Benzyl salicylate. Cinnamyl benzoate. Birch tar oil. Cinnamyl butyrate. Borneol; d-camphanol. Cinnamyl cinnamate. Bornyl acetate. Cinnamyl formate. Bornyl formate. Cinnamyl isobutyrate. Bornyl isovalerate. Cinnamyl isovalerate. Bornyl valerate. Cinnamyl phenylacetate. b-Bourbonene; 1,2,3,3a,3bb,4,5,6,6ab,6ba-deca- Cinnamyl propionate. hydro-la-isopropyl-3aa-methyl-6-meth- Citral diethyl acetal; 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octa- ylene-cyclobuta [1,2:3,4] dicyclopentene. dienal diethyl acetal. 2-Butanol. Citral dimethyl acetal; 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octa- 2-Butanone; methyl ethyl ketone. dienal dimethyl acetal. Butter acids. Citral propylene glycol acetal. Butter esters. Citronellal; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal; rhodinal. Butyl acetate. Citronellol; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol; d-cit- Butyl acetoacetate. ronellol. Butyl alcohol; 1-butanol. Citronelloxyacetaldehyde. Butyl anthranilate. Citronellyl acetate. Butyl butyrate. Citronellyl butyrate. Butyl butyryllactate; lactic acid, butyl Citronellyl formate. ester, butyrate. Citronellyl isobutyrate. a-Butylcinnamaldehyde. Citronellyl phenylacetate. Butyl cinnamate. Citronellyl propionate. Butyl 2-decenoate. Citronellyl valerate. Butyl ethyl malonate. p-Cresol. Butyl formate. Cuminaldehyde; cuminal; p-isopropyl benz- Butyl heptanoate. aldehyde. Butyl hexanoate. Cyclohexaneacetic acid. Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate. Cyclohexaneethyl acetate. Butyl isobutyrate. Cyclohexyl acetate. Butyl isovalerate. Cyclohexyl anthranilate. Butyl lactate. Cyclohexyl butyrate. Butyl laurate. Cyclohexyl cinnamate. Butyl levulinate. Cyclohexyl formate. Butyl phenylacetate. Cyclohexyl isovalerate. Butyl propionate. Cyclohexyl propionate. Butyl stearate. p-Cymene. Butyl sulfide. g-Decalactone; 4-hydroxy-decanoic acid, g- Butyl 10-undecenoate. lactone. Butyl valerate. g-Decalactone; 5-hydroxy-decanoic acid, d- Butyraldehyde. lactone. 58 VerDate Aug<31>2005 18:38 Apr 28, 2008 Jkt 214067 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\214067.XXX 214067 mstockstill on PROD1PC66 with CFR Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 172.515 Decanal dimethyl acetal. Ethyl crotonate; trans-2-butenoic acid ethyl- 1-Decanol; decylic alcohol. ester. 2-Decenal. Ethyl cyclohexanepropionate. 3-Decen-2-one; heptylidene acetone. Ethyl decanoate. Decyl actate. 2-Ethylfuran. Decyl butyrate. Ethyl 2-furanpropionate. Decyl propionate. 4-Ethylguaiacol; 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol. Dibenzyl ether. Ethyl heptanoate. 4,4-Dibutyl-g-butyrolactone; 4,4-dibutyl-4-hy- 2-Ethyl-2-heptenal; 2-ethyl-3-butylacrolein. droxy-butyric acid, g-lactone. Ethyl hexanoate. Dibutyl sebacate. Ethyl isobutyrate. Diethyl malate. Ethyl isovalerate. Diethyl malonate; ethyl malonate. Ethyl lactate. Diethyl sebacate. Ethyl laurate. Diethyl succinate. Ethyl levulinate. Diethyl tartrate. Ethyl maltol; 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4- 2,5-Diethyltetrahydrofuran. one. Dihydrocarveol; 8-p-menthen-2-ol; 6-methyl- Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. 3-isopropenylcyclohexanol. Ethyl myristate. Dihydrocarvone. Ethyl nitrite. Ethyl nonanoate. Dihydrocarvyl acetate. Ethyl 2-nonynoate; ethyl octyne carbonate. m-Dimethoxybenzene. Ethyl octanoate. p-Dimethoxybenzene; dimethyl hydro- Ethyl oleate. quinone. Ethyl phenylacetate. 2,4-Dimethylacetophenone. Ethyl 4-phenylbutyrate. a,a-Dimethylbenzyl isobutyrate; phenyldi- Ethyl 3-phenylglycidate. methylcarbinyl isobutyrate. Ethyl 3-phenylpropionate; ethyl hydro- 2,6-Dimethyl-5-heptenal. cinnamate. 2,6-Dimethyl octanal; isodecylaldehyde. Ethyl propionate. 3,7-Dimethyl-1-octanol; tetrahydrogeraniol. Ethyl pyruvate. a,a-Dimethylphenethyl acetate; benzyl- Ethyl salicylate. propyl acetate; benzyldimethylcarbinyl ac- Ethyl sorbate; ethyl 2,4-hexadienoate.