DOCSLIB.ORG

European Perspectives on International Cooperation For

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
European Perspectives on International Cooperation For European Perspectives on International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration Bernhard Hufenbach, ESA International Exploration Perspectives 4 - 6 December 2006 2nd International Space Exploration Conference Houston, Texas 1 06 December 2006 European Vision Space Exploration, A Global Societal Project Programmatic Framework International Framework Aurora Programme. International Strategic Framework for The objective of the Sustainable Space Aurora Programme is Exploration. first to formulate and then to implement a As global citizens, we European long-term explore space to expand plan for the robotic human knowledge, and human exploration extend human frontiers, of solar system bodies and serve society, holding promise for starting from the Moon traces of life. then going to Mars and beyond. Strategic Study Strategic Study Future of European Space Moon: the 8th Continent Exploration: Towards a Human Spaceflight 2025. European Long term Strategy. In 2025, Europe will begin to operate a Europe will implement a permanently manned visible, affordable and outpost on the Moon as robust space exploration part of a multi-decade, programme, driven by the international exploration long-term goal of the effort to serve humanity, in-situ exploration of Mars thus increasing our by humans, which creates knowledge and helping benefits for society, us to address the global engages other space- challenges of the future. faring nations through collaborative activities and, thereby, contributes significantly to societal development. 2 06 December 2006 European Interests Process for Consolidation of Strategic Approach STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS International Plans and Capabilities Scientists Industry Politicians Public Interests, Opportunities, Objectives, Priorities, Constraints ANALYSIS OF EXPLORATION THEMES Science- Economic- Policy- Inspiration- driven driven driven driven Architecture Consolidation Stakeholder Objectives and High-level Requirements ARCHITECTURE ANALYSIS Planetary surface Space transportation In-space ANALYSIS OF MISSION AND CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT ROADMAPS 3 06 December 2006 European Interests European Programmes - Robotic Missions MISSION CASSINI- HUYGENS SMART-1 Launch: 1997 MARS EXPRESS Mission end: Huygens-2005 Launch: 2003 Cassini-2009 Mission end: Launch: 2003 ROSETTA 2006 Mission end: VENUS US/ EUROPE/ 2007 EXPRESS CHÁNG‘É 1 CHANDRAYAAN ITALY Launch: 2004 EUROPE Mission end: 1 EXOMARS EUROPE 2015 Launch: 2005 Launch: 2007 Mission end: Launch: 2008 BEPICOLOMBO 2007/8 Launch: 2013 Destination: CHINA Destination: EUROPE Launch: 2013 Saturn/Titan Moon Destination: INDIA Mission end: EUROPE EUROPE Mars 2020 Mission Mission Destination: Destination: objectives: objectives: Mission Comet Moon Destination: EUROPE Exploration of Destination: Destination: Technology objectives: Moon Saturnian Venus Mars demonstration Mission Mission system. ESA’s Comparative of electric objectives: objectives: Mission component - Planetology, Destination: propulsion & Mission Lunar orbiter as objectives: Mission Huygens Exobiology & Rendezvous Mercury Lunar science objectives: pathfinder for Survey and 3-D objectives: Mercury probe - 3D cartography with and Global future lander, topography of Technology entered landing on investigation of sample return lunar surface demonstrations Mission atmosphere of Comet 67 International the evolution of and human including polar search for life, objectives: Saturn's P/Churyumov- partners: Venusian missions regions identification of largest moon, Gerasimenko Planet and Russia/Japan/ atmosphere hazards for Titan, and magnetosphere USA ESA’s role: future missions landed. International ESA’s role: investigation partners: Operations Some support International USA experiments International International partners: partners: NASA/ESA/ASI partners: NASA, Japan, Roscosmos Roscosmos T I M E 4 06 December 2006 European Interests European Programmes – Human Spaceflight EMCS Microgravity Science Launched Jul 2006 Minus 80 degree Glovebox (NASA) Freezer (MELFI) Launched Jul 2002 Launched Jul 2006 ATV Node 2 Launch mid 2007 Launch Aug 2007 Crew Refrigerator/ Data Freezer Rack (NASA) Management Launch tbd for Svezda Launched Jul 2000 2000 Columbus 2010 Material Science Launch 17 Oct 2007 2010 Laboratory Launch tbd with payload racks: Fluid Science Laboratory with external payloads: EuTEF European Node 3 (NASA) Transport European Launch Jan 2010 Carrier Drawer Biolab Cupola Launch Jan 2010 Rack European Physiology Solar ERA Module Launch Dec 2008 5 06 December 2006 European Interests Strategic Objectives Secure best return on investment in ISS Programme Secure European human access to space Support implementation of International Mars Sample Return mission Ensure that Europe acts as a significant player in global space exploration through – Development of enabling capabilities – Implementation of European-led international robotic mission – Promotion of broad societal engagement 6 06 December 2006 International Cooperation Past Cooperation with NASA Human Spaceflight Science Spacelab Ulysses HST SOHO Cassini-Huygens Cluster Mars Express Rosetta Herschel Planck LISA Pathfinder JWST LISA ISS 7 06 December 2006 International Cooperation Roadmap ISS Exploration Capabilities Cooperative capability development Joint ExoMars operations Co- of operative planetary missions infrastructure Cassini Huygens MSR Coordination of architectures and roadmaps International Exploration Roadmaps and Architectures 8 06 December 2006 International Cooperation Approach PLANNING AND PRODUCTS OF INTERNATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION STEPS COORDINATION AND COOPERATION Exploration Goals & Objectives Global Strategic Framework Architecture INTERNATIONAL Requirements COORDINATION Global Reference Architecture Architecture Design Cooperative Capability Development Capability Development INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Exploration Cooperative Mission Implementation Missions 9 06 December 2006 International Cooperation Global Reference Architecture - Capability Mapping Early Robotic Earth Based EXPLORATION CAPABILITIES Capabilities Services Early Robotic Transportation Space Based Earth Based Planetary Surface Capabilities Services Services Operations Remote Sensing Crew Launchers Telecommunication Control centres Habitation Landing Cargo Launchers Navigation Launch sites Mobility and EVA support Surface Mobility Crew and cargo Remote Sensing Ground tracking Power provision & exploration vehicles management Drilling Interplanetary Space Weather Crew Medical centres Local resource Transportation transfer stages Forecast utilisation Sample Return Planetary descent Vehicle servicing Data handling & Logistic support and landing vehicles processing services Planetary ascent In-orbit assembly Engineering support Food production vehicles service Rendezvous and Education and Science/research Planetary Surface docking training equipment Operations Test facilities Robotic assistance Ground based research User Centres STATUS KEY: Demonstrated Capability Future Capability Heritage 10 06 December 2006.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Attachment J-4 Applicable and Reference Documents Lists
    NNJ12GA46C SECTION J Attachment J-4 MISSION AND PROGRAM INTEGRATION CONTRACT Attachment J-4 Applicable and Reference Documents Lists J-A4-1 NNJ12GA46C SECTION J Attachment J-4 MISSION AND PROGRAM INTEGRATION CONTRACT This attachment contains applicable documents for the contract effort. The contractor shall comply with these requirements in performing Statement of Work (SOW) requirements. This attachment is structured as follows: Table J4-1: Applicable Documents List Table J4-2: Reference Documents List Table J4-3: Book Editor/Book Coordinated/Managed Documents List Table J4-4: Orion Documents List The documents identified within Table J4-1 or within a document listed in this table (second tier) are applicable to this contract. Requirements written in these documents have full force and effect as if their text were written in this contract to the extent that the requirements relate to context of the work to be performed within the scope of this contract. When a document is classified as “reference,” the document is provided for information about the ISS Program execution and the Mission and Program Integration Contract’s role in the ISS Program. The general approach for interpreting whether a document impacts the contractor’s performance is that if a document is “applicable,” then the contractor has solid requirements that derive from that document. Applicable documents contain additional requirements and are considered binding to the extent specified. Applicable documents cited in the text of the document in a manner that indicates applicability such as follows: • In accordance with • As stated in • As specified in • As defined in • Per • In conformance with When a document is classified as “reference,” the document is provided for general context of the ISS Program execution and for influence on the performance of the Mission and Program Integration Contract in its role of support to the ISS Program.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Commission on the Scientific Case for Human Space Exploration
    1 ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Burlington House, Piccadilly London W1J 0BQ, UK T: 020 7734 4582/ 3307 F: 020 7494 0166 [email protected] www.ras.org.uk Registered Charity 226545 Report of the Commission on the Scientific Case for Human Space Exploration Professor Frank Close, OBE Dr John Dudeney, OBE Professor Ken Pounds, CBE FRS 2 Contents (A) Executive Summary 3 (B) The Formation and Membership of the Commission 6 (C) The Terms of Reference 7 (D) Summary of the activities/meetings of the Commission 8 (E) The need for a wider context 8 (E1) The Wider Science Context (E2) Public inspiration, outreach and educational Context (E3) The Commercial/Industrial context (E4) The Political and International context. (F) Planetary Science on the Moon & Mars 13 (G) Astronomy from the Moon 15 (H) Human or Robotic Explorers 15 (I) Costs and Funding issues 19 (J) The Technological Challenge 20 (J1) Launcher Capabilities (J2) Radiation (K) Summary 23 (L) Acknowledgements 23 (M) Appendices: Appendix 1 Expert witnesses consulted & contributions received 24 Appendix 2 Poll of UK Astronomers 25 Appendix 3 Poll of Public Attitudes 26 Appendix 4 Selected Web Sites 27 3 (A) Executive Summary 1. Scientific missions to the Moon and Mars will address questions of profound interest to the human race. These include: the origins and history of the solar system; whether life is unique to Earth; and how life on Earth began. If our close neighbour, Mars, is found to be devoid of life, important lessons may be learned regarding the future of our own planet. 2. While the exploration of the Moon and Mars can and is being addressed by unmanned missions we have concluded that the capabilities of robotic spacecraft will fall well short of those of human explorers for the foreseeable future.
    [Show full text]
  • Exomars Schiaparelli Direct-To-Earth Observation Using GMRT
    TECHNICAL ExoMars Schiaparelli Direct-to-Earth Observation REPORTS: METHODS 10.1029/2018RS006707 using GMRT S. Esterhuizen1, S. W. Asmar1 ,K.De2, Y. Gupta3, S. N. Katore3, and B. Ajithkumar3 Key Point: • During ExoMars Landing, GMRT 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, 2Cahill Center for Astrophysics, observed UHF transmissions and California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, 3National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune, India Doppler shift used to identify key events as only real-time aliveness indicator Abstract During the ExoMars Schiaparelli separation event on 16 October 2016 and Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) events 3 days later, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) near Pune, India, Correspondence to: S. W. Asmar, was used to directly observe UHF transmissions from the Schiaparelli lander as they arrive at Earth. The [email protected] Doppler shift of the carrier frequency was measured and used as a diagnostic to identify key events during EDL. This signal detection at GMRT was the only real-time aliveness indicator to European Space Agency Citation: mission operations during the critical EDL stage of the mission. Esterhuizen, S., Asmar, S. W., De, K., Gupta, Y., Katore, S. N., & Plain Language Summary When planetary missions, such as landers on the surface of Mars, Ajithkumar, B. (2019). ExoMars undergo critical and risky events, communications to ground controllers is very important as close to real Schiaparelli Direct-to-Earth observation using GMRT. time as possible. The Schiaparelli spacecraft attempted landing in 2016 was supported in an innovative way. Radio Science, 54, 314–325. A large radio telescope on Earth was able to eavesdrop on information being sent from the lander to other https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RS006707 spacecraft in orbit around Mars.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth-Entry Vehicle" (2018)
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Summer 2018 Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth- Entry Vehicle Daniel A. Boyd Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds Part of the Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Commons, Space Vehicles Commons, and the Thermodynamics Commons Recommended Citation Boyd, Daniel A.. "Aerothermodynamic Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth-Entry Vehicle" (2018). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/xhmz-ax21 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds/43 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AEROTHERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A MARS SAMPLE RETURN EARTH-ENTRY VEHICLE by Daniel A. Boyd B.S. May 2008, Virginia Military Institute M.A. August 2015, Webster University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE AEROSPACE ENGINEERING OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2018 Approved by: __________________________ Robert L. Ash (Director) __________________________ Oktay Baysal (Member) __________________________ Jamshid A. Samareh (Member) __________________________ Shizhi Qian (Member) ABSTRACT AEROTHERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A MARS SAMPLE RETURN EARTH-ENTRY VEHICLE Daniel A. Boyd Old Dominion University, 2018 Director: Dr. Robert L. Ash Because of the severe quarantine constraints that must be imposed on any returned extraterrestrial samples, the Mars sample return Earth-entry vehicle must remain intact through sample recovery.
    [Show full text]
  • Huygens Probe Set to Detach from Cassini Orbiter Tonight 24 December 2004
    Update: Huygens Probe Set to Detach From Cassini Orbiter Tonight 24 December 2004 mission is approximately $3 billion. Many of these sophisticated instruments are capable of multiple functions, and the data that they gather will be studied by scientists worldwide. Aerosol Collector and Pyrolyser (ACP) will collect aerosols for chemical-composition analysis. After extension of the sampling device, a pump will draw the atmosphere through filters which capture aerosols. Each sampling device can collect about 30 micrograms of material. Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) can take images and make spectral measurements using sensors covering a wide spectral range. A few hundred metres before impact, the instrument will switch on its lamp in order to acquire spectra of the surface material. The highlights of the first year of the Cassini- Doppler Wind Experiment (DWE) uses radio Huygens mission to Saturn can be broken into two signals to deduce atmospheric properties. The chapters: first, the arrival of the Cassini orbiter at probe drift caused by winds in Titan's atmosphere Saturn in June, and second, the release of the will induce a measurable Doppler shift in the carrier Huygens probe on Dec. 24, 2004, on a path signal. The swinging motion of the probe beneath toward Titan. (read PhysOrg story) its parachute and other radio-signal-perturbing effects, such as atmospheric attenuation, may also The Huygens probe, built and managed by the be detectable from the signal. European Space Agency (ESA), is bolted to Cassini and fed electrical power through an Gas Chromatograph and Mass Spectrometer umbilical cable. It has been riding along during the (GCMS) is a versatile gas chemical analyser nearly seven-year journey to Saturn largely in a designed to identify and quantify various "sleep" mode, awakened every six months for atmospheric constituents.
    [Show full text]
  • Jules Verne ATV Launch Approaching 11 February 2008
    Jules Verne ATV launch approaching 11 February 2008 will carry up to 9 tonnes of cargo to the station as it orbits 400 km above the Earth. Equipped with its own propulsion and navigation systems, the ATV is a multi-functional spacecraft, combining the fully automatic capabilities of an unmanned vehicle with the safety requirements of a crewed vehicle . Its mission in space will resemble that, on the ground, of a truck (the ATV) delivering goods and services to a research establishment (the space station). A new-generation high-precision navigation system will guide the ATV on a rendezvous trajectory towards the station. In early April, Jules Verne will automatically dock with the station’s Russian Preview of the maiden launch and docking of ESA's Jules Verne ATV. Jules Verne will be lifted into space on Service Module, following a number of specific board an Ariane 5 launch vehicle. Credits: ESA - D. operations and manoeuvres (on 'Demonstration Ducros Days') to show that the vehicle is performing as planned in nominal and contingency situations. It will remain there as a pressurised and integral After the successful launch of ESA’s Columbus part of the station for up to six months until a laboratory aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on controlled re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere Thursday (7 February), it is now time to focus on takes place, during which it will burn up and, in the the next imminent milestone for ESA: the launch of process, dispose of 6.3 tonnes of waste material no Jules Verne, the first Automated Transfer Vehicle longer needed on the station.
    [Show full text]
  • Level Ministerial and Scientific Event a New Era of Blue Enlightenment
    Report on the High- Level Ministerial and Scientific Event A New Era of Blue Enlightenment 12-14 July 2017 Lisbon, Portugal October 2017 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Directorate F — Bioeconomy Unit F.4 — Marine Resources Contact: Sieglinde Gruber E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels EUROPEAN COMMISSION Report on the High-Level Ministerial and Scientific Event A New Era of Blue Enlightenment 12-14 July 2017 Directorate-General for Research and Innovation 2017 Bioeconomy EN 3 EUROPE DIRECT is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you) LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016. PDF ISBN 978-92-79-73529-5 doi: 10.2777/64644 KI-04-17-849-EN-N © European Union, 2017. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Cover images: © Lonely, # 46246900, 2011. © ag visuell #16440826, 2011. © Sean Gladwell #6018533, 2011. © LwRedStorm, #3348265. 2011. © kras99, #43746830, 2012. Source: Fotolia.com Internal document image(s): © European Union, 2017, Source: EC - Audiovisual Service, Photo: Bruno Portela 3 "The Sea, the great unifier, is man's only hope.
    [Show full text]
  • Exomars Atmospheric Mars Entry and Landing Investigations and Analysis (AMELIA)
    ExoMars Atmospheric Mars Entry and Landing Investigations and Analysis (AMELIA) F. Ferri1, F. Forget2, S.R. Lewis3, O. Karatekin4 and the International AMELIA team 1CISAS “G. Colombo”, University of Padova, Italy 2LMD, Paris, France 3The Open University, Milton Keynes, U.K. 4Royal Observatory of Belgium, Belgium [email protected] IPPW9 Toulouse, F 16-22 June 2012 ExoMars Entry, Descent and Landing Science F. Ferri & AMELIA team ESA ExoMars programme 2016-2018 The ExoMars programme is aimed at demonstrate a number of flight and in-situ enabling technologies necessary for future exploration missions, such as an international Mars Sample Return mission. Technological objectives: • Entry, descent and landing (EDL) of a payload on the surface of Mars; • Surface mobility with a Rover; • Access to the subsurface to acquire samples; and • Sample acquisition, preparation, distribution and analysis. Scientific investigations: • Search for signs of past and present life on Mars; • Investigate how the water and geochemical environment varies • Investigate Martian atmospheric trace gases and their sources. ESA ExoMars 2016 mission: Mars Orbiter and an Entry, Descent and Landing Demonstrator Module (EDM). ESA ExoMars 2018 mission: the PASTEUR rover carrying a drill and a suite of instruments dedicated to exobiology and geochemistry research IPPW9 Toulouse, F 16-22 June 2012 ExoMars Entry, Descent and Landing Science F. Ferri & AMELIA team EDLS measurements • Entry, Descent, Landing System (EDLS) of an atmospheric probe or lander requires mesurements in order to trigger and control autonomously the events of the descent sequence; to guarantee a safe landing. • These measurements could provide • the engineering assessment of the EDLS and • essential data for an accurate trajectory and attitude reconstruction • and atmospheric scientific investigations • EDLS phases are critical wrt mission achievement and imply development and validation of technologies linked to the environmental and aerodynamical conditions the vehicle will face.
    [Show full text]
  • The Extreme Physical Properties of the Corot-7B Super-Earth
    1 08/02/2011 The extreme physical properties of the CoRoT-7b super-Earth A. Légera,b, O. Grassetc, B. Fegleyd, F. Codrone, A., F. Albaredef, P. Bargeg, R. Barnesh, P. Cancec, S. Carpyc, F. Catalanoi, C. Cavarroca,b, O. Demangeona,b, S. Ferraz-Melloj, P. Gabora,b, J.-M. Grießmeierk, J. Leibachera,b,q, G. Libourell, A-S. Maurinl,q , S.N. Raymondl,q , D. Rouann, B. Samuela, L. Schaeferc, J. Schneidero, P. A. Schullera, F. Selsisl,q , C. Sotinp. Affiliations a. (Corresponding author) Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Sud, bât 121, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France; e-mail: [email protected]; ph: 33 1 69 85 85 80 b. Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR 8617), bât 121, Univ. Paris-Sud, F- 91405 Orsay, France, c. Université de Nantes, CNRS, Lab de planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR- CNRS 6112, F-44300 Nantes d. Planetary Chemistry Laboratory McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Dep. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; e. Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique CNRS/UPMC, T 45-55, E3, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 – France; f. Ecole Normale Supérieure (LST), 69364 Lyon cedex 7, France; Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l'Étoile, 38 r. Frédéric Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille cedex 13, France g. Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1580, USA; h. 12 av. Fontaine de la Reine, 92430 Marnes la Coquette, France; i. IAG-Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil; j. Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS, r. Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France; k.
    [Show full text]
  • National Space Programmes 2012 - 2013
    National Space Programmes 2012 - 2013 Introduction projects – a massive injection of innovation into the blood stream of the UK’s space sector. Meanwhile, the Welcome to the second edition of the UK Space programme of scientific instruments has reached a Agency’s National Space Programmes brochure. milestone with the delivery of MIRI for the James Webb This document contains financial and management Space Telescope, the result of over a decade’s hard information about our suite of National Space work by the UK-led European consortium. The national Programmes, provided in order to give you an insight exploration and the Earth observation technology into the wide range of investment we are making in programmes have also made good progress, while the UK’s space sector. both UKube-1 and TechDemoSat-1 are preparing for launch in 2013. It is going to be another exciting year. It is now approaching two years since the Agency’s full establishment. During this time the UK space sector We hope you find the brochure valuable. It’s hard has continued to grow, as has its contribution to the to capture the huge range of projects that the UK economy as a whole, currently thought to be £9.1 Space Agency has underway in a few pages. For billion a year and directly employing 28,900 people. further information and also to download our other The average growth rate of the UK space sector is publications, please see our website: almost 7.5%; the National Space Programmes are in http://www.bis.gov.uk/ukspaceagency place to complement our investments in a range of European Space Agency, European Commission and And don’t forget to sign up for our monthly newsletter bilateral projects in order to further this growth in line and follow us on Twitter - @spacegovuk ! with the six themes of our civil space strategy: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Based Observations of Titan During the Huygens Mission Olivier Witasse,1 Jean-Pierre Lebreton,1 Michael K
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 111, E07S01, doi:10.1029/2005JE002640, 2006 Overview of the coordinated ground-based observations of Titan during the Huygens mission Olivier Witasse,1 Jean-Pierre Lebreton,1 Michael K. Bird,2 Robindro Dutta-Roy,2 William M. Folkner,3 Robert A. Preston,3 Sami W. Asmar,3 Leonid I. Gurvits,4 Sergei V. Pogrebenko,4 Ian M. Avruch,4 Robert M. Campbell,4 Hayley E. Bignall,4 Michael A. Garrett,4 Huib Jan van Langevelde,4 Stephen M. Parsley,4 Cormac Reynolds,4 Arpad Szomoru,4 John E. Reynolds,5 Chris J. Phillips,5 Robert J. Sault,5 Anastasios K. Tzioumis,5 Frank Ghigo,6 Glen Langston,6 Walter Brisken,7 Jonathan D. Romney,7 Ari Mujunen,8 Jouko Ritakari,8 Steven J. Tingay,9 Richard G. Dodson,10 C. G. M. van’t Klooster,11 Thierry Blancquaert,11 Athena Coustenis,12 Eric Gendron,12 Bruno Sicardy,12 Mathieu Hirtzig,12,13 David Luz,12,14 Alberto Negrao,12,14 Theodor Kostiuk,15 Timothy A. Livengood,16,15 Markus Hartung,17 Imke de Pater,18 Mate A´ da´mkovics,18 Ralph D. Lorenz,19 Henry Roe,20 Emily Schaller,20 Michael Brown,20 Antonin H. Bouchez,21 Chad A. Trujillo,22 Bonnie J. Buratti,3 Lise Caillault,23 Thierry Magin,23 Anne Bourdon,23 and Christophe Laux23 Received 17 November 2005; revised 29 March 2006; accepted 24 April 2006; published 27 July 2006. [1] Coordinated ground-based observations of Titan were performed around or during the Huygens atmospheric probe mission at Titan on 14 January 2005, connecting the momentary in situ observations by the probe with the synoptic coverage provided by continuing ground-based programs.
    [Show full text]
  • A Launch for the International Space Station
    A launch for the International Space Station For its first mission of the year, Arianespace will launch the first Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), dubbed “Jules Verne”, for the European Space Agency (ESA). Right from this first launch, the ATV will play a vital role in bringing supplies to the International Space Station (ISS). Weighing more than 20 tons, this will be by far the heaviest payload ever launched by Ariane 5. An Ariane 5 ES will inject the Jules Verne ATV into a circular orbit at an altitude of 260 kilometers, inclined 51.6 degre e s . With this launch, Ariane 5 further expands its array of missions, ranging fro m scientific spacecraft in special orbits to commercial launches into geostationary orbit. The ATV is designed to bring supplies to the ISS (water, air, food, propellants for the Russian section, spare parts, experimental hard w a re, etc.), and to reboost the ISS into its nominal orbit. The ISS now weighs more than 240 metric tons, including the recently attached European labora t o r y, Columbus. After being docked to the ISS for up to six months, the ATV will be loaded with waste items by the astronauts, and sent back down. After separating from the launch vehicle, the ATV will be autonomous, using its own systems for energy (batteries and four large solar panels) and guidance (GPS, star t racker), in liaison with the control center in Toulouse. During final approach, an optical navigation system will guide the ATV to its rendezvous with the Space Station, w h e re it will automatically dock several days after launch.
    [Show full text]