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Gardini, Bruno; Ongaro, Franco; Vennemann, Dietrich

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Gardini, Bruno; Ongaro, Franco; Vennemann, Dietrich Aurora Exploration Programme 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002 1 The Robotic Exploration Missions of the Aurora Programme 7th ASTRA Workshop, ESTEC 19-21 November 2002 ASTRA, 19-21 B.Gardini, F.Ongaro, D.Vennemann – ESA/ESTEC 1 November 2002 List of Contents 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' • Introduction • Objectives of the Aurora Programme ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002 • Aurora Programme outline • Aurora Preparatory Period • Exploration Scenario • European Human/Robotic Exploration Scenario • Near term Planning • Near Term Missions Scenario 2 • Aurora candidate missions – Exobiology Mission (ExoMars) – Mars Sample Return Mission (MSR) – In Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) Mission – Lunar Mission – Advanced MSR – Arrow Missions • Aurora Mission Scenario • Conclusions. ASTRA, 19-21 2 November 2002 Introduction 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' • In the coming decades the scientific and human exploration of the solar ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002 system is expected to progress further beyond the low Earth orbits. An international human mission to Mars may become a reality by the years 2020 – 2030. 3 • To decide in which areas of expertise Europe wants to have a lead in the future requires a detailed analysis of the European Technology strengths and an assessment of its strategic value. • The Aurora Programme, approved at the Ministerial Conference in Edinburgh in November 2001, is the response of Europe to these challenging tasks. ASTRA, 19-21 3 November 2002 Objectives of the Aurora Programme (1) 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' • Continue the European effort after Mars Express and Beagle 2 towards ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002 a more systematic planetary exploration programme, focused on Mars, Moon and Asteroids, • Formulate and then implement a European Long Term Plan for the 4 robotic and human exploration of the Solar System bodies holding promises for traces of life. Promote the development of a coherent and unified European approach for Exploration, • Foster the development of European technology and build up the basic know-how upon which future international cooperation can be decided on a more equitable basis. ASTRA, 19-21 4 November 2002 Objectives of the Aurora Programme (2) 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' • Provide for missions and technologies which are complementary to ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002 the existing ESA and national programmes in Europe and Canada and federate the efforts in the field of exploration, • Establish a programme of cooperation with Technical Universities 5 and promote active student involvement in Workshops and advance research, • The Aurora Programme can be seen as a road map for human exploration, technology development and a genuine programme for innovation. ASTRA, 19-21 5 November 2002 Aurora Programme outline (1) 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' • Aurora is an Optional Programme of the Envelope type. In the ESA ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002 approach this allows for a consistent set of spacecraft missions and technology developments to be planned over a long period of time. • Funding is released to cover 5 years periods of the programme at the 6 time, which allows for continuity of activities, re-planning when necessary, and overall optimal usage of resources. • The programme has two components: a Definition one, to support planning, feasibility studies, scientific and outreach activities; and a Development one, for the implementation of missions and technology development. ASTRA, 19-21 6 November 2002 Aurora Programme outline (2) 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' g Preparatory Period ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002 Dev. Development Component À la carte missions Comp. Def. Definition Component Definition Component Comp. 7 Commitment Programme Review Programme Review Approval 2nd Period Approval 3rd Period 2002 2005 2010 The Aurora Programme was subscribed in Nov. 2001 at Edinburgh by: A,B,CAN,CH,F,I,NL,P,E and UK for a total of 14.1 MEU. ASTRA, 19-21 7 November 2002 Aurora Preparatory Period 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' • During the first 3-years period, work concentrates on the elaboration of a Long Term Plan for exploration activities and on mission and ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002 technology studies. • Two classes of missions are foreseen: – Flagship Missions, defined as major missions driving to in-situ 8 analysis soft landing or sample return from other planetary bodies and eventually a human precursor mission, – Arrow Missions, defined as smaller missions, with a short development time, technology driven, mostly in support of the Flagships. • By mid 2004 a new Programme Proposal will be presented to the ESA Council to finance the activities of the next 5 years of the Programme. ASTRA, 19-21 8 November 2002 Exploration Scenario 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' • The Aurora exploration scenario, defined with a view focused on the long term goal of Human Exploration, identifies the main steps of ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002 exploration and tentative dates: – Human mission to Mars (2025-2030) – Robotic outpost, possibly human mission to the Moon (2020 - 2025) 9 – Decision to go ahead with a human mission (2015) – Mars Sample Return (MSR) and Advanced MSR (2011-2017) • The Mars Sample Return Mission (MSR) is the first robotic mission to include all the basic functions required by a human flight. The successful completion of one or two MSR missions of increased complexity is a prerequisite for the decision to go ahead. ASTRA, 19-21 9 November 2002 European Human/Robotic Exploration Scenario 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' 2030 2028 2026 2024 2022 2020 2018 2016 2013 2011 2009 2007 ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002 HumanHuman Lan-Lan- HumanHuman Orbi-Orbi- Infrastructure Infrastructure GreenhouseGreenhouse // PowerPower dingding MissionMission tingting MissionMission Finalisation / ISRU ComplexComplex MarsMars Finalisation / ECLSSECLSS HMMHMM ISRU Plant MarsMars DecisionDecision PointPoint Plant MarsMars ISRUISRU Exobio-Exobio- TEM3 TEM2 forfor HMMHMM 2028 2028 SystemSystem SampleSample TEM3 TEM2 SampleSample DemoDemo logylogy HabitatHabitat // ValidationValidation UtilityUtility NavComNavCom ReturnReturn Mars ReturnReturn MissionMission MEM2MEM2 MEM1MEM1 TEM1TEM1 LaboratoryLaboratory TruckTruck NetworkNetwork Permanent 10 Human Outpost – Studies / Experiments on next Step: Asteroids? ISS, Concordia, etc. WayWay HumanHuman HLMHLM LunarLunar HumanHuman StationStation OutpostOutpost // SystemSystem Green-Green- PowerPower LanderLander // LandingLanding ISRUISRU forfor MarsMars TestTest Vali-Vali- househouse PlantPlant ISRUISRU MissionMission n Moo Mission(s)Mission(s) FacilityFacility dationdation DemoDemo MarsMars MarsMars EarthEarth Micro-Micro- Aero-Aero- Re-entryRe-entry MissionMission capturecapture DemoDemo Tech (SEP)(SEP) DemoDemo Demos ASTRA, 19-21 10 November 2002 Near Term Planning 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' • The decision point in 2015 is only two “5 years Aurora periods” away. ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002 Within this time frame the feasibility of a human mission will have to be demonstrated. • The main elements of this process are a comprehensive technology 11 programme, which has also to take into account human factors and a sequence of robotic missions, each mission progressively increasing the confidence towards a man rated mission to Mars. • In cooperation with the Aurora Exploration Programme Advisory Committee (EPAC) the Agency has prepared a tentative missions scenario covering the next two periods of the programme. ASTRA, 19-21 11 November 2002 Near Term Mission Scenario 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' • For the near term planning a look ahead view covering the next 10 to 15 ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002 years is required to ensure consistency of mission planning and technology development. • The technology development should be spread over several missions to reduce the overall program risk and ensure an effective use of resources. 12 • The phasing of the missions must minimize the overlap between two consecutive missions, as far as allowed by the 26 months cycle of the Mars launch opportunities. This allows time for re-planning when needed and minimize the overall risk to the program. • The overall mission scenario should favour the development of European technologies, at least as far as allowed by the limits of conventional power sources (unless a decision to proceed with the development of nuclear power sources is taken soon). ASTRA, 19-21 12 November 2002 Aurora candidate missions 7th ESAWorkshoponAdvancedSpaceTechnologiesforRoboticsandAutomation'ASTRA2002' A number of potential Aurora Robotic Missions have been considered, derived from the Call for Ideas (April 2001 ) and past studies. Following the recent discussions in ESTEC, Noordwijk,TheNetherlands,November19-21,2002
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