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Politics and Government in Baltic States
Introduction – Historical and cultural background Part II Lecturer: Tõnis Saarts Institute of Political Science and Public Administration Spring 2009 Baltic region in the 17th century • Despite Swedish and Polish rule, Baltic German nobility retained their privileges. • In the 15th century serfdom was introduced, in the 17- 18th century serfdom became even harsher (Elbe-line). • Positive influence of Swedish rule – education village schools literacy, Tartu University 1632. Oldest university in the region Vilnius University 1579 • After the 16th century main trade routes moved to Atlantic turning point for the CEE. The region began to lag behind from Western Europe. • 16th century heydays of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. 17th century decline. • Declining of Tallinn and Riga as trade centres Swedish domain Russian conquest • Russian interest: Baltics as a window to Europe – trade and communication with Western Europe. • 1700-1721 Great Nordic War between Russia and Sweden. Peter The Great conquered all Swedish possessions (Estonia, Northern Latvia to Daugava +Riga; Latgale+Courland remained to Polish hands). • Nordic War as a big economic and social catastrophe plague, economic decline intensified even more. • “Special Baltic Order”: – Baltic German nobility retained its political power. – Russian Empire was not allowed to settle here immigrants – Should accepted protestantism and German cultural domination • 3 partitions of Poland (1772, 1792, 1795) - with third partition Russia got Courland+Lithuania. Russian Conquest 1721 Partition of Poland The region with a common destiny! • Only since the end of the 18th century we can speak about the Baltic region as a region what has a common destiny. • Before there was little common in the history of Lithuania and Estonia/Latvia! • Before the 18th century quite few contacts with Russian culture and Ortodox civilization. -
Youth Policies in Latvia
Youth Wiki national description Youth policies in Latvia 2019 The Youth Wiki is Europe's online encyclopaedia in the area of national youth policies. The platform is a comprehensive database of national structures, policies and actions supporting young people. For the updated version of this national description, please visit https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/en/youthwiki 1 Youth 2 Youth policies in Latvia – 2019 Youth Wiki Latvia ................................................................................................................. 7 1. Youth Policy Governance................................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Target population of youth policy ............................................................................................. 9 1.2 National youth law .................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 National youth strategy ........................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Youth policy decision-making .................................................................................................. 12 1.5 Cross-sectoral approach with other ministries ....................................................................... 13 1.6 Evidence-based youth policy ................................................................................................... 14 1.7 Funding youth policy .............................................................................................................. -
Health Systems in Transition
61575 Latvia HiT_2_WEB.pdf 1 03/03/2020 09:55 Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 Vol. Health Systems in Transition Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 Health Systems in Transition: in Transition: Health Systems C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Latvia Latvia Health system review Daiga Behmane Alina Dudele Anita Villerusa Janis Misins The Observatory is a partnership, hosted by WHO/Europe, which includes other international organizations (the European Commission, the World Bank); national and regional governments (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Kristine Klavina Ireland, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the Veneto Region of Italy); other health system organizations (the French National Union of Health Insurance Funds (UNCAM), the Dzintars Mozgis Health Foundation); and academia (the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and the Giada Scarpetti London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)). The Observatory has a secretariat in Brussels and it has hubs in London at LSE and LSHTM) and at the Berlin University of Technology. HiTs are in-depth profiles of health systems and policies, produced using a standardized approach that allows comparison across countries. They provide facts, figures and analysis and highlight reform initiatives in progress. Print ISSN 1817-6119 Web ISSN 1817-6127 61575 Latvia HiT_2_WEB.pdf 2 03/03/2020 09:55 Giada Scarpetti (Editor), and Ewout van Ginneken (Series editor) were responsible for this HiT Editorial Board Series editors Reinhard Busse, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Josep Figueras, European -
Path Dependency and Landscape Biographies in Latgale, Latvia: a Comparative Analysis
Europ. Countrys. · 3· 2010 · p. 151-168 DOI: 10.2478/v10091-010-0011-7 European Countryside MENDELU PATH DEPENDENCY AND LANDSCAPE BIOGRAPHIES IN LATGALE, LATVIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Anita Zarina1 Received 30 September 2010; Accepted 15 October 2010 Abstract: This paper focuses on the path dependency of landscapes in Latgale, Latvia from the present perspective at the regional and local scale. During the last centuries Latvia’s landscapes have passed through radical changes, which were driven by political events. Each new political era discarded the ideas of the previous era and subsequently reorganized the land(scape) according to the new views. At the regional level the role of history is significant in analyzing landscapes while at the local level the main force is people, often themselves not knowing the history of the place but putting the existing path dependency into practise or disregarding it. The biographies of two former villages are discussed: one which is nearly deserted but filled with forgotten or neglected cultural heritage values and the other – alive and interwoven with some old (almost forgotten) cultural practises. Path dependency in landscapes is relevant only regarding the attachment of people to a place and the experience on which their further desires are based. Key words: Landscape biographies, landscape change, Latgale, path dependency Rezumējums: Raksta pamatā ir pēctecīguma (path dependence) izpausmes Latgales ainavā reģionālā un lokālā mērogā no šodienas skatupunkta. Pēdējo gadsimtu laikā Latvijā ir notikušas dramatiskas ainavas pārmaiņas, to galvenie rosinātāji – politisko varu maiņas. Katra jaunā politiskā ēra veidoja jaunas ainavas saskaņā ar tās ideoloģiju un idejām. Rakstā tiek diskutēts, ka reģionāla mēroga ainavas studijas ir cieši saistītas ar vēstures izpratni un tās lomu, kamēr lokālā mērogā galvenie ainavas veidotāji ir cilvēki un to darbības, kuri bieži vien pat neapzinās vietas/reģiona vēsturi, bet praktizē vai ignorē daudzas paražas vai telpiskās struktūras pēctecības ainavā. -
Latvia Subnational
The Situation of Children and Young People at the Regional Level in Latvia Prepared by Latvia Country Statistical Team Co-ordinator: Edmunds Vaskis Central Statistical Bureau, Riga MONEE Country Analytical Report November 2004 The project to monitor the impact of economic and social change on children in Eastern and Central Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (MONEE) was initiated at the UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre in 1992. The project seeks to monitor, analyse and disseminate information on economic and social trends affecting children’s rights and wellbeing in countries in the region. A key feature of the Project is a network of correspondents in the 27 National Statistical Offices (NSOs). On an annual basis these correspondents complete an extensive data template which in turn is used for calculating indicators, supporting research of the project and, in due course, being made publicly available as the TransMonee database and in tables and graphs of the Innocenti Social Monitor. For a number of years, each participating NSO prepared a Country Analytical Report based on extensive outline from UNICEF IRC on a different theme on the situation of children every year. These analytical reports have provided valuable input into the research at UNICEF IRC and, as significantly, have also served as important national documents on monitoring aspects of child wellbeing in the countries. Some of these Country Analytical Reports have been issued by the NSOs (in the national language) as part of their publication programme. UNICEF IRC attaches great value to these national assessments of the situation of children and is committed to promote the efforts, including through translating the reports into English (where the submitted report has been in Russian) and offering its website to make them accessible to a wider research audience. -
Gradients of Latvian Magnetic Anomalies
Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University Sustainable Spatial Development 2011 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Volume 2 Gradients of Latvian Magnetic Anomalies Vladimir Vertennikov, Riga Technical University Abstract. This article discusses one of the most important and vertical gradients. It is possible to determine those geophysical factors, which produces an impact on the gradients by calculations or measurements using special demographic processes and reflects the nature of variability in instruments – magnetic gradiometers. Instrumented gradient the anomalous magnetic field intensity in space. The article characterises the horizontal magnetic gradients, which vary measurements are predominantly utilised in local areas during within the wide range: from 10 to 2400 nT/km. It distinguishes prospecting and exploration for minerals. In regional magnetic scale and magnetic gradient areas. The article gives an investigations, to which concrete operations associated with ecodemographic evaluation of the territory of Latvia by the investigating the impact of geophysical factors on gradience of the anomalous magnetic field. demographic processes belong, horizontal gradients are the main factor; they are determined by calculations. Keywords: horizontal magnetic gradient, magnetic scale, magnetic gradient area, ecodemographic evaluation of territory by magnetic gradience. CHARACTERISATION OF HORIZONTAL MAGNETIC GRADIENTS The magnetic field is represented in the Latvian territory by a complex set of anomalies with different signs, intensity, size The gradient is an important parameter of anomalous and morphology. The transitions from one anomaly to another magnetic field. The discussion deals with the spatial intensity are expressed through changes in the field intensity and are variations. The thing is that the intensity of the anomalous either gradual, occurring step-by-step, or abrupt. -
REZEKNE: Latgale Last Updated Tuesday, 21 May 2013 23:14
REZEKNE: Latgale Last Updated Tuesday, 21 May 2013 23:14 Alternate names: Rēzekne [Latv], Rositten [Ger], Rezhitsa and Режица [Rus], Rezhitse and 'N, 27°19 '56°30 רעזיצע[Ryezhitsa ,Režica ,[Est] Räisaku ,[Lith] Rėzeknė ,[Pol] Rzeżyca ,[Yid. E , In E Latvia, 52 miles NE of Daugavpils (Dvinsk), 11 miles SW of Simala. Now the center of the Latgale region of eastern Latvia, Rezekne was part the Russian expansion as Rezhitsa and was in the Vitesbk Guberniya. Built on seven hills, Rēzekne is 63 km west of the Latvian-Russian border at the intersection of the Moscow - Riga and Warsaw - Saint Petersburg Railways. 1900 Jewish population: 6,478. - JOWBR: burial list - Pinkas HaKehilot, Latvia and Estonia (1988), p. 233: "Rezekne" - JewishGen Latvia SIG - Rezekne Shtetlink: Located in central eastern Latvia in the section known as Latgale near the intersection of the Lenigrad-Warsaw, Moscow-Wentapelis railway junction. Alternate name: German is Rositten, Russian is Rezhitsa, and Yiddish is Rezhitse, Rezehne, Rezhitza, Rezitza, Rjeshiza, Rjetschiza, and Rzezyca. Culturally German Jewish, Lithuanian, and Belarussian, the Jewish community was founded in the late eighteenth century. Jews expelled from the neighboring village of Makashani (18 km away) took their Aron Kodesh to the "Brick Study-Hall" in 1786 making the Jewish population about five hundred or 75% of the total. Before the Rezekne Jewish cemetery was consecrated, people were buried in the old cemetery in Makashani , the burial place of many rabbis and zaddiks until the 1880's. Makashani cemetery was tended up to the late 1930's. Jewish population: 1815 was 1,072 ( 90%) and 1847 was 542 Jews. -
Interaction Between the Number of Visitors at Tourist Accommodation Establishments and the Economic Development in Latvia
Economics and Rural Development Vol. 8, No. 1, 2012 ISSN 1822-3346 INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF VISITORS AT TOURIST ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN LATVIA Aina Muska1, Ligita Bite2 Latvia University of Agriculture, Latvia The research hypothesis: the economic development of a district affects the number of visitors at tourist accommodation establishments outside Riga region. The research aim is to identify a correlation between the number of visitors at tourist accommodation establishments and the economic development of a district in Latvia. The research was done using data broken down by statistical region and districts (a unit of administrative division of the territory of Latvia until the middle of 2009). The research showed that the majority (more than 60%) of visitors at Latvian tourist accommodation establishments were foreign tourists whose share at Riga tourist accommodation establishments accounted for more than 70%. Outside Riga region, more than 70% of visitors were local (Latvian) tourists, mostly business tourists. In the research period, more than half of visitors at tourist accommodation establishments concentrated in Riga region, while more than 10% – in Pieriga and Kurzeme regions. The share of visitors in the other regions did not exceed 6% of their total number. According to a cluster analysis, an explicit trend of monocentric economic development is specific to Latvia, resulting in significant differences between Riga, the capital city of Latvia, and the other districts of Latvia. The number of visitors at tourist accommodation establishments is higher in the clusters having a high (Riga) and medium (districts of Riga, Liepaja, Ventspils, and Daugavpils) level of economic development than in the clusters with a lower level of economic development (districts of Aluksne, Balvi, Dobele, Gulbene, Kraslava, Ludza, Preili, and Valka). -
Latvia National Report
Latvia National Report GNSS pernament base station division Janis Zvirgzds [email protected] 4th EUPOS® Council and Technical Meeting November 21-22, 2017, Bratislava, Slovakia Report Outline • LatPos infrastructure status and plans • GNSS metrology • RTK Surveying Guidelines • LatPos fulfillment Technical Standards. 2 LatPos infrastructure status Receivers Antenas: Leica 1200+GNSS (GPS+GLONASS+GALILEO) (2) AX1202 GG (1) AT504 LEIS (15) Leica 1200_GNSS (GPS+GLONASS) (21) AR20 (3) 1 calibrated Leica GR 10 (2) Leica GR 25 (1) AR10 (1) Leica GR 30 (1) AR25 (7) 1 calibrated Mazsalaca Valka LatPos EPN Base stations 26 Irbene Valmiera Alūksne Limbaži +Riga station PaLsmane EPN Talsi Rīga Sigulda Lode Balvi Software Kuldīga Tukums Ojārs Leica Spider 7.1. Lielvārde Madona Saldus Liepāja Dobele Jēkabpils Rēzekne Vaiņode Bauska EPN Preiļi Dagda Daugavpils 3 LatPos infrastructure status UGA1 TOR2 VOR2 IKLA RUHN Valka Mazsalaca Valmiera1 Irbene Aluksne Limbazi Palsmane Talsi Riga Sigulda Balvi Lode Kuldiga1 Tukums Liepaja1 Ojārs Madona Lielvarde Saldus1 Dobele1 Rezekne1 Vaiņode Jekabpils1 Bauska MAZK Preili JNSK BIRZ Dagda KRTN RKSK LatPos base stations Daugavpils1 EstPos and LitPos base stations IGS RIGA 4 LatPos infrastructure users • Total registered 746 • RTK users 529 • Surveyors • Precise Agriculture • Forestery • Post processi 5 LatPos infrastructure RTK fees • Flat rate – do not hurry!! • Day 19.50 EUR • Month 75.04 EUR • Year 490.81 EUR • Reuced prices for smaller area • All Latvia 100% • 12 300 km2 57% • 6400 km2 22% 6 LatPos infrastructure plans • Add stations • Upgrade receivers to 4 GNSS • Replace antenas with Chockering • Two independent servers 7 GNSS metrology • 22. Geodetic works use proven measuring instruments. -
Reisu Izpildes Var Kavēties Vairākos Maršrutos
Reisu izpildes var kavēties vairākos maršrutos SIA Ogres autobuss Maršruta numurs Maršruta nosaukums Nr.5995 Ogre–Ciemupe–Glāžšķūnis–Ogre Nr.5414 Ogre–Suntaži–Līčupe Nr.6067 Ogre–Madliena–Līčupe Nr.6126 Ogre–Ogresgals–Lēdmane–Madliena–Ķeipene Nr.6095 Ogre–Turkalne–Suntaži–Kastrāne Nr.6117 Ogre–Ķegums–Birzgale–Lāčplēša stacija Nr.6122 Ogre–Suntaži–Ķeipene–Ogre Nr.6139 Ogre–Suntaži–Laubere–Madliena–Meņģele Nr.7073 Rīga–Madliena–Meņģele Nr.7229 Rīga–Pāvulēni AS Liepājas autobusu parks Maršruta numurs Maršruta nosaukums Nr.6726 Saldus–Satiķi–Saldus Nr.5016 Liepāja–Grāvīši Nr.5337 Liepāja–Dunalka–Cīrava Nr.5345 Aizpute–Priekule Nr.5347 Aizpute–Vecpils Nr.5348 Aizpute–Apriķi–Cīrava Nr.5349 Aizpute–Cīrava Nr.5964 Aizpute–Kazdanga–Cildi Nr.6300 Liepāja–Apriķi–Aizpute Nr.6768 Liepāja–Pāvilosta Nr.6801 Liepāja–Vecpils–Aizpute Nr.6813 Liepāja–Cildi Nr.6908 Liepāja–Ziemupe Nr.6916 Liepāja–Vecpils Nr.5112 Liepāja–Nīca–Otaņķi Nr.5340 Liepāja–Priekule–Aizvīķi Nr.5350 Liepāja–Priekule–Vaiņode Nr.5365 Liepāja–Priekule–Plūdoņi Nr.5950 Priekule–Bunka–Tadaiķi Nr.5951 Priekule–Krote–Tadaiķi Nr.5952 Vaiņode–Priekule–Krote–Tadaiķi Nr.5972 Priekule–Vienība Nr.5967 Priekule–Plūdoņi Nr.5968 Liepāja–Durbe–Vecpils Nr.6700 Liepāja–Vaiņode–Vībiņi Nr.6785 Liepāja–Šuķene Nr.6817 Liepāja–Vībiņi–Kalni Nr.6870 Liepāja–Bunka–Priekule Nr.6901 Liepāja–Jūrmalciems Nr.6902 Liepāja–Paplaka–Priekule Nr.6905 Liepāja–Kalēti–Priekule Nr.6907 Liepāja–Otaņķi–Nīcas centrs Nr.6910 Liepāja–Padone AS CATA Maršruta numurs Maršruta nosaukums Nr.5458 Saulkrasti–Vidriži–Limbaži Nr.7177 Saulkrasti–Cēsis–Madona -
Latgales + 371 648661262; 29359242
tulkota A. Puškina drāma “Boriss Godunovs”. beigās pēc tā paša arhitekta projekta tapa nedzimušajiem bērniem (pēdējā – baznīcas Godinot dzejnieka devumu, 1964. g. muižas romantiskā stilā veidotais ainavu parks pagrabā), Krusta kapelu, Fatimas Dievmātes pārvaldnieka mājā ir izveidota ekspozīcija (viens no pirmajiem Latvijā). Pilī izvietots godam veltīto grotu ar Fatimas ganiņu “Raiņa ģimnāzijas un studiju gadi”. Atjauno- Varakļānu novada muzejs. skulptūrām, Rožukroņa dārzu, draudzes tajā muižas govju kūtī apskatāmi Latgales + 371 648661262; 29359242. aizbildņa sv. Erceņģeļa Miķeļa skulptūru u.c. podnieku darbi. Jasmuižu vērts apmeklēt Ekskursija iepriekš jāpiesaka. Dzejas dienu vai cepļa atvēršanas (jūnijā un 28. Viļānu Sv. Erceņģeļa Miķeļa Romas + 371 64662413. Klosteris nav pieejams augustā) laikā. + 371 65329313; 29487589. katoļu baznīca un Sv. Alberta klosteris. apmeklētājiem. LATGALE 1753. gadā ar barona Miķeļa Rika gādību 25. Preiļu muiža. Muižas pils būvniecību uzsāka baznīcas un klostera celtniecību. 29. Franča Trasuna muzejs “Kolnasāta”. Loba dīna Latgolā! (grāfu Borhu dzimtas īpašums) uzsāka 19. gs. Dievnamā (viens no skaistākajiem Latgalē) Meklējama Sakstagalā. Fr. Trasuns (1864. – Pa Latgales vēsturisko novadu sākumā, bet pabeidza sešas desmitgades sākotnēji bija 9 altāri. Tagad baznīcas 1926.) bija Latgales atmodas “celmlauzis” vēlāk. Padomju laikā pilī izvietoja dažāda centrālo altāri grezno astoņas kolonnas. un kultūras darbinieks, valstsvīrs un garīdz- Maršruta pamatgaita: Rēzekne – Ludza – Pilda – Stoļerova – tipa iestādes, līdz 1978. g. izcēlās Kreisajā jomā novietots Jēzus Sirds altāris, nieks. 1992. g. viņa dzimtajās mājās izveidoja Kaunata – Andrupene – Dagda – Jaunaglona – Aglona – ugunsgrēks, kā rezultātā cieta ēkas augšējā labajā – Jēzus Kristus ciešanu altāris ar 18. gs. muzeju. To vērts iepazīt gida pavadībā, kas Aizkalne – Preiļi – Dekšāres – Varakļāni – Viļāni – Rēzekne daļa. Pils nav atjaunota un apskatāma no izgatavotu koka krucifiksu, kam piedēvē izstāstīs arī par novadnieku Jāni Klīdzēju ārpuses. -
11612793 01.Pdf
The Study on Environmental Management Plan Location of Study Area for Lubana Wetland Complex in the Republic of Latvia JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY THE STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR LUBANA WETLAND COMPLEX IN THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA FINAL REPORT Volume III Supporting Report Table of Contents Location Map Page PART I CURRENT SITUATIONS OF THE STUDY AREA CHAPTER 1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY......................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Objectives.............................................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Study Area............................................................................................................................................................1-1 1.3 Framework of the Study......................................................................................................................................1-1 1.4 Organization for the Study..................................................................................................................................1-2 CHAPTER 2 SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS ........................................................................ 2-1 2.1 Administrative Conditions ..................................................................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Regional Administration..........................................................................................................................2-1