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Globish E Cockney: Uma Proposta De Aplicativo Especialista Inteligente

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Globish E Cockney: Uma Proposta De Aplicativo Especialista Inteligente >>Atas CIAIQ2017 >>Investigação Qualitativa em Educação//Investigación Cualitativa en Educación//Volume 1 Globish e Cockney: uma proposta de aplicativo especialista inteligente na avaliação efetiva da comunicação full duplex através da língua inglesa entre nativos, não nativos e máquinas Iolanda Borges Carneiro1 ; Luciano Vieira Lima1 1 Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica - Laboratório de Inteligência Natural e Artificial da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brasil. [email protected]; [email protected] Trabalho apresentado com apoio Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Resumo. O objetivo deste artigo é de propor a implementação de uma ferramenta tecnol ógica q ue possibilite verificar e avaliar a eficácia do uso do Globish e do Cockney como mecanismos facilitad ores d a comunicação entre não nativos, nativos e máquinas de forma a medir os resultados e identificar a justes nesse processo. A pesquisa de caráter exploratório busca conhecer mel hor os problemas dessa comunicação e por meio de uma metodologia científica experimen tal comparar o uso do Globish, do Cockney e de particularidades fonéticas do inglês na tentativa d e ve rificar se o q ue é dito é o que é compreendido pelo aplicativo. O experimento permitiu a constatação da fragilidade no estabelecimento d a comunicação entre humanos e máquinas, e da necessidade de se atentar para o problema de compreensão entre máquinas e falantes não nativos da língua inglesa, uma vez que estes acabam p o r usarem ve rsões simplificadas do inglês como o Globish e o Cockney. Palavras-chave: comunicação; língua inglesa; máquina; Globish; Cockney Globish and Cockneys: a intelligent expert system proposal in the effective evaluation of full duplex communication through the English language between native, non-native and machines Abstract. The aim of this article is to propose the implementation of a technolo gical to ol th at allows to verify and evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Globish and Cockney a s facilitating mechanisms o f communication between natives, natives and machines in order to measure th e re sults and to id entify adjustments in this process The exploratory research seeks to better u n derstand th e p ro blems o f th is communication and through an experimental scientific methodo logy to co mpare th e u se o f Glo bish , Cockney and phonetic peculiarities of English in an attempt to verify that what is said is what is understood by the application . The experiment allowed the confirmation o f th e fragility i n th e e stablishment o f communication between humans and machines, and the need to pa y attention to the problem of comprehension between machines and non native English speakers, since they e n d u p u sing simp lified versions of English as the Globish and the Cockney. Keywords: communication; English language; machine; Globish; Cockney 1. Introdução Falar em comunicação na atual conjuntura é, além de estar conectado aos mais diversos dispositivos tecnológicos, estar também apto a estabelecer troca de informações com os indivíduos, uns com os outros em um contexto globalizado. Quando se fala em globalização e comunicação entre as pessoas, quase que inconscientemente e espontaneamente, imagina-se a efetivação de diálogos sendo realizados na língua inglesa, equivocadamente, considerada a língua falada pelo maior contingente de pessoas, onde, na realidade, é o chinês. Ser ou não a língua mais falada não qualifica a importância da mesma. Em negócios, principalmente de produtos tangíveis, o chinês lidera atualmente o mercado, mas, nas negociações que não sejam diretas com chineses, o inglês é ainda considerado a língua mais utilizada universalmente, com imprescindível importância para se 46 >>Atas CIAIQ2017 >>Investigação Qualitativa em Educação//Investigación Cualitativa en Educación//Volume 1 estabelecer a comunicação em diversas áreas de atuação no mundo dos negócios, acadêmico e, efetivamente, na própria transmissão da informação. Nesse sentido, conseguir estabelecer a comunicação de forma efetiva na língua inglesa é primordial para o entendimento entre os interlocutores. É dentro deste contexto que este artigo busca, por meio da tecnologia, propiciar a possibilidade não somente de efetivação da língua inglesa, mas de reconhecimento e de qualificar o quanto de informação é, adequadamente, interpretada entre nativos e não nativos e máquinas com as particularidades das pronúncias e articulações dos sons que diferem significativamente, mesmo em nativos de países diferentes. Uma grande preocupação, desta pesquisa, se dá nas dificuldades e particularidades no que se refere, principalmente, à pronúncia e fala dos brasileiros. 2. Desenvolvimento A necessidade de falar corretamente a língua inglesa para o estabelecimento da comunicação pode ser percebida em recente evento mundial realizado no Rio de Janeiro no Brasil, os Jogos Olímpicos 2016. Nessa ocasião, em vários momentos foi possível perceber certa dificuldade de entendimento dos questionamentos, feitos pelos repórteres brasileiros, por parte dos atletas nativos. No entanto, é preciso destacar que a comunicação, em inglês, entre os brasileiros com outros atletas estrangeiros, também não nativos, frequentemente era estabelecida, o que não significa poder afirmar que estavam pronunciando corretamente ou falando corretamente a língua. Segundo Nerrière and Hon (2009), essa dificuldade pode ser destacada pela quantidade de falantes não nativos da língua inglesa que se comunica com outros não nativos, sendo apenas 4% da comunicação internacional estabelecida entre falantes nativos de diferentes nações da língua inglesa, como americanos e australianos. Professores afirmam que, no mundo, existem mais de 6000 línguas. O Inglês é a língua oficial de 45 países. Mas nem todo mundo fala Inglês, mesmo onde o Inglês é língua oficial. Somente 12% de todo o mundo tem o Inglês como língua materna. Para 88% de nós, o Inglês não é nossa primeira língua ou língua materna. Então, 96% da comunicação internacional Inglês ocorre com, pelo menos, um falante não nativo. (NERRIÈRE and HON, 2009, p. 4) Segundo o Prof. Dr. Luciano V. Lima, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, o estabelecimento d a comunicação entre não nativos é até facilmente efetivada com sucesso, mas, quando os interlocutores são não nativos com nativos, tudo pode complicar. “Muito se fala, pouco se entende. Na realidade, os não nativos muitas vezes até conseguem entender razoavelmente os nativos, mas a recíproca não é verdadeira: falar inglês é algo muito mais complexo do que a maioria das escolas pelo mundo quer fazer parecer ser, e o Brasil não é diferente.” Ao contrário do que se pensa e do que se prega, falar o inglês é um grande desafio, principalmente para os brasileiros. Lima (2013) e Pereira (2015) apontam que os maiores problemas na comunicação falada entre os interlocutores são a separação de palavras através da primeira consoante aspirada em cada palavra, que pode interferir na compreensão das palavras. Outro agravante é a diferenciação no contexto se uma palavra é verbo ou operador e o schwa, o som mais comum no inglês / ə /, muito curto, pronunciado semelhante ao som do / â /. O schwa é um som de baixo volume, mas, que se não pronunciado de forma correta, pode inviabilizar o entendimento entre os agentes do diálogo. 47 >>Atas CIAIQ2017 >>Investigação Qualitativa em Educação//Investigación Cualitativa en Educación//Volume 1 É a partir dessas dificuldades que, Jean Paul Nerrière e David Hon desenvolveram uma nova forma de comunicação da língua inglesa, o Globish ou Global English, considerada uma língua global no que diz respeito à comunicação da língua inglesa, focada em comunicação entre não nativos e entre nativos com não nativos. É uma variação simplificada do Inglês que estabelece um número restrito de palavras com schwa e de palavras que exigem a aspiração, mantendo as regras gramaticais que a língua exige. Globish é um subconjunto do Inglês, mas continua sendo Inglês correto. O inventor da língua tentou limitar o número de palavras em que o som de schwa distingue verbos de substantivos. Mas seria impossível eliminar todos os casos. Assim, Jea n Paul Nerriére manteve 30 ocorrências de verb/noun separados pelo som de schwa . De forma análoga, a aspirações foi mantida apenas nas situações em que ela é aceita por todos os dialetos do Inglês, ou seja, Inglês Americano, Australiano, Middle East, Inglês da Inglaterra e Inglês Canadense. (NERRIÈRE, p. 12, 2009) Quando se direciona para o Inglês Britânico, uma solução para a comunicação é um dialeto de séculos e amplamente falado na região de Londres: o Cockney (“is the characteristic speech of the greatest city of the greatest empire that the world has known” (MATTHEWS, 2015)). Neste caso, se apresentando o Cokney não como uma solução para as particularidades do Inglês, mas como uma variante falada que, se melhor conhecida, possibilita o melhor entendimento do inglês entre não nativos e entre os britânicos. Um falante do Cockney, por exemplo, diria, ‘Can I have a glass of water, please?’, no qual as letras em negrito e grifadas não seriam pronunciadas. Outra disparidade é uso glotal do T. Em uma frase como ‘Do you have a bottle of water?’ em Cockney seria pronunciada ‘Do you ‘ave a bo’le of wa’er?’ , onde o L soa como W e o som o schwa é longo e forte. Ainda existem alguns sons não expressos em consoantes não sonorizadas como TH em thank you, thursday, everything, que em Cockney devem ser trocadas pelo som de F, sendo pronunciadas fank you, fursday, everyfing. Em casos que a consoante TH é sonora como em brother, mother, father, clothes, leather, por exemplo, em Cockney são usadas com som de V: bruvah, muvah, favah, cloves, levah. O uso dessa variante da língua inglesa se justifica por ser um facilitador linguísticos para a compreensão e uso de uma língua particularmente de difícil aprendizagem para os brasileiros e outros não nativos. De acordo com Costa (2016) uma das razões da dificuldade do brasileiro em falar o inglês está na raiz da língua portuguesa do Brasil que tem origem no românico, as línguas latinas, diferente do inglês e alemão originário do germânico.
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