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Mag. Rudi Vouk Mag. Rudi Vouk let 7. člena Jahre Artikel 7 60 Years of Article 7 Avtor I Autor I Author: Mag. Rudi Vouk Prevod I Übersetzung I Translation: Prof. Mag. Jože Wakounig Frank de Boer Izdajatelj I Herausgeber I Publisher: Narodni svet koroških Slovencev I Rat der kärntner Slowenen I Council of Carinthian Slovenes Viktringer Ring 26 I a-9020 Celovec/klagenfurt Tisk I Druck I Printed by: Mohorjeva I Hermagoras I adi-dassler-gasse 4 I a-9073 Vetrinj/Viktring © 2015, Narodni svet koroških Slovencev I Rat der kärntner Slowenen I Council of Carinthian Slovenes AVSTRIJSKA DRŽAVNA POGODBA – ČLEN 7 1. Avstrijski državljani slovenske in hrvatske manjšine na Koroškem, Gradiščanskem in Štajerskem uživajo iste pravice pod enakimi pogoji kakor vsi drugi avstrijski državljani, vštevši pravico do svojih lastnih organizacij, zborovanj in tiska v svojem lastnem jeziku. 2. Avstrijski državljani slovenske in hrvatske manjšine na Koroškem, Gradiščanskem in Štajerskem imajo pravico do osnovnega pouka v slovenskem ali hrvatskem jeziku in do sorazmernega števila lastnih srednjih šol; v tej zadevi bodo šolski učni načrti pregledani in bo ustanovljen oddelek šolske nadzorne oblasti za slovenske in hrvatske šole. 3. V upravnih in sodnih okrajih Koroške, Gradiščanske in Štajerske s slovenskim, hrvatskim ali mešanim prebi - valstvom je slovenski ali hrvatski jezik dopuščen kot uradni jezik dodatno k nemškemu. V takih okrajih bodo označbe in napisi topografskega značaja prav tako v slovenščini ali hrvaščini kakor v nemščini. 4. Avstrijski državljani slovenske in hrvatske manjšine na Koroškem, Gradiščanskem in Štajerskem so udeleženi v kulturnih, upravnih in sodnih ustanovah v teh pokrajinah pod enakimi pogoji kakor drugi avstrijski državljani. 5. Dejavnost organizacij, ki merijo na to, da odvzamejo hrvatskemu ali slovenskemu prebivalstvu njegov značaj in pravice kot manjšine, se mora prepovedati. ÖSTERREICHISCHER STAATSVERTRAG – ARTIKEL 7 1. Österreichische Staatsangehörige der slowenischen und kroatischen Minderheiten in Kärnten, Burgenland und Steiermark genießen dieselben Rechte auf Grund gleicher Bedingungen wie alle anderen österrei - chischen Staatsangehörigen, einschließlich des Rechtes auf ihre eigenen Organisationen, Versammlungen und Presse in ihrer eigenen Sprache. 2. Sie haben Anspruch auf Elementarunterricht in slowenischer oder kroatischer Sprache und auf eine verhält - nismäßige Anzahl eigener Mittelschulen; in diesem Zusammenhang werden Schullehrpläne überprüft und eine Abteilung der Schulaufsichtsbehörde wird für slowenische und kroatische Schulen errichtet werden. 3. In den Verwaltungs- und Gerichtsbezirken Kärntens, des Burgenlandes und der Steiermark mit slowenischer, kroatischer oder gemischter Bevölkerung wird die slowenische oder kroatische Sprache zusätzlich zum Deutschen als Amtssprache zugelassen. In solchen Bezirken werden die Bezeichnungen und Aufschriften to - pographischer Natur in slowenischer oder kroatischer Sprache wie in Deutsch verfaßt. 4. Österreichische Staatsangehörige der slowenischen und kroatischen Minderheiten in Kärnten, Burgenland und Steiermark nehmen an den kulturellen, Verwaltungs- und Gerichtseinrichtungen in diesen Gebieten auf Grund gleicher Bedingungen wie andere österreichische Staatsangehörige teil. 5. Die Tätigkeit von Organisationen, die darauf abzielen, der kroatischen oder slowenischen Bevölkerung ihre Eigenschaft und ihre Rechte als Minderheit zu nehmen, ist zu verbieten. RIGHTS OF THE SLOVENE AND CROAT MINORITIES 1. Austrian nationals of the Slovene and Croat minorities in Carinthia, Burgenland and Styria shall enjoy the same rights on equal terms as all other Austrian nationals, including the right to their own organizations, meetings and press in their own language. 2. They are entitled to elementary instruction in the Slovene or Croat language and to a proportional number of their own secondary schools; in this connection school curricula shall be reviewed and a section of the Inspectorate of Education shall be established for Slovene and Croat schools. 3. In the administrative and judicial districts of Carinthia, Burgenland and Styria, where there are Slovene, Croat or mixed populations, the Slovene or Croat language shall be accepted as an official language in addition to German. In such districts topographical terminology and inscriptions shall be in the Slovene or Croat language as well as in German. 4. Austrian nationals of the Slovene and Croat minorities in Carinthia, Burgenland and Styria shall participate in the cultural, administrative and judicial systems in these territories on equal terms with other Austrian nationals. 5. The activity of organizations whose aim is to deprive the Croat or Slovene population of their minority character or rights shall be prohibited. SL 60 le t 7. člena 15. majnika 2015 bo 60 let od podpisa Dunajske državne pogodbe. Z Avstrijsko državno pogodbo (ADP) se ni le spet vzpostavila suverenost Republike Avstrije, za avstrijske narodne skupnosti, zlasti za koroške Slovence, Slovence na Štajerskem ter za gradiščanske Hrvate je ADP Velika listina narodnostnih pravic. Uresničitev 7. člena je potekala skrajno spremenljivo: od popolne ignorance na eni strani do poštenega prizadevanja na drugi, od nasilnega spora v »navalu na krajevne table« (1972; Ortstafelsturm) do dolge vrste razsodb Ustavnega sodišča (UstS), od trditev, da je 7. člen izpolnjen in celo več kakor izpolnjen, pa do nasprotnih ugo - tovitev, da nobena točka ni popolnoma uresničena. Dosti je vzrokov, da 60 let po podpisu ADP predstavimo z vidika narodne skupnosti analizo ter sodoben zasnutek interpretacije tega osrednjega določila avstrijske zaščite narodnih skupnosti. 5 60 LeT 7. ČLenA O nastanku 7. člena Besedilo 7. člena se v glavnem opira na predloga že iz leta 1947; o njem se pozneje niso več intenzivno pogajali. Bila sta dva nasprotna predloga: britanski predlog, po katerem bi bile pred - videne narodnostne pravice odvisne od »sorazmerno precejšnjega števila« pripadnikov narodnih skupnosti v krajih, ki bi jih bilo treba upoštevati, ter sovjetski predlog, ki ustreza sedan - jemu besedilu 7. člena. Sovjetski predlog se spet opira na jugoslovanskega. Jugoslavija je po letu 1945 zahtevala od avstrije dele južnokoroškega ozemlja. Te zahteve je utemeljila s tem, da avstrija oz. koroška po plebiscitu leta 1920 ni uresničila obljub, danih koroškim Slovencem. Število koroških Slovencev v rezultatih ljudskih štetij je upadlo od čez 66.000 pred plebiscitom leta 1910 na le še 37.000 oz. 26.000 pri ljudskih štetjih 1923 in 1934; namesto popolne enakopravnosti, obljubljene pred plebiscitom leta 1920, se je dogajala asi - milacijska in germanizacijska politika. Ljudsko štetje v času nacistične Nemčije leta 1939 je prikazalo spet 42.000 koroških Slovencev (vključno kategorijo »vindiš«, katero so kot novo uvedli nacisti, pozneje pa so jo obdržali), to pa samo zato, ker so za napačne podatke grozile kazni; kakor se je pozneje izkazalo, naj bi bilo služilo prav to ljudsko štetje kot osnova za popolno uničenje slovenske narodne skupnosti na koroškem. uresničitev teh načrtov se je s pregonom koroških slovenskih družin aprila 1942 že začela; preprečil jo je le nadaljnji vojni potek. Jugo - slavija je utemeljevala, da je koroška politika do koroških Slovencev v zadnjih 25 letih dokazala, da obstoj narodne skupnosti ni zagotovljen, če ostane pod avstrijo; zaradi tega da so potrebne ozemeljske spremembe. Jugoslovanski predlog za oblikovanje besedila 7. člena je bil zato prvotno mišljen le za tiste dele, ki naj bi bili ostali tudi po predstavah Jugoslavije pod avstrijo – v glavnem bi bil to dvojezični del Zilje. avstrija je nasprotno poudarjala, da je docela pretrgala z nacistično Nemčijo in tudi s politiko germanizacije iz Prve republike. To naj bi se dokazovalo tudi s tem, da je bil postavljen dr. Joško Tischler kot predstavnik koroških Slovencev za člana prve provizorične koroške deželne vlade. Pod merodajnim vplivom dr. Tischlerja so za osnovno šolstvo za narodno skupnost že 03.10.1945 sprejeli odredbo provizorične koroške deželne vlade, katera je za celo območje pred - videla obvezni dvojezični pouk za vse šolske otroke. Na dvojezičnem ozemlju, določenem z naštevanjem občin, ter v mestih Celovec, Beljak in Šmohor naj bi poleg tega za šolske otroke z dvojezičnega ozemlja na glavnih šolah ter gimnazijah imeli slovenščino kot obvezni predmet v obsegu treh ur tedensko. Pri nastavitvi učiteljstva na dvojezičnem območju naj bi poslušali predstavnika Slovencev v deželnem zboru. izhajali so torej iz tega, da bo v deželnem zboru vedno kak zastopnik Slovencev. kot vodje dvojezičnih ljudskih šol naj bi nastavljali učne moči, ki obvladajo slovenski jezik. Nenazadnje so ob opozarjanju na to šolsko ureditev poudarjali, da se v osvobojeni avstriji koroškim Slovencem ni treba ničesar bati, da so jugoslovanske oze - meljske zahteve neupravičene, da je obstanek južne koroške v avstriji dokončno določen z izidom plebiscita 1920. Če so bile jugoslovanske ozemeljske zahteve sploh kdaj realistične, so postale najpozneje s spo - rom v kominformu ter prelomom med Stalinom in Titom iluzorne. kot kompenzacijo za odstop od ozemeljskih zahtev so velesile sprva prevzele jugoslovanski ter od Sovjetske zveze vloženi predlog besedila za člen o manjšinskem varstvu. Zaradi imenskega naštevanja občin, v katerih 6 60 LeT 7. ČLenA naj bi bil dvojezični pouk, v uredbi provizorične deželne vlade iz leta 1945 naj bi bilo tudi jasno, SL kako ozemeljsko veljavnostno razsežnost naj bi imel ta člen o manjšinskem varstvu. avstrija pravtako ni ugovarjala
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