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Additions to the Fish Faunas of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean!

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Additions to the Fish Faunas of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean! Pacific Science (1991), vol. 45, no. 2: 204-220 © 1991 by University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Additions to the Fish Faunas of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean! MALCOLM P. FRANCIS 2 ABSTRACT: Eighty-nine new fish records are reported front three subtropical island groups of the Southwest Pacific Ocean: Lord Howe (12 species), Norfolk (64), and Kermadec (13) islands. The coastal fish faunas ofthese islands are now reasonably well known, but further study is likely to result in discovery of additional species. Diversity ofcoastal fishes declines eastward, with Lord Howe having the greatest diversity and the Kermadecs the least. THREE ISLAND GROUPS OCCUR in the subtrop­ The fish faunas of all three island groups ical belt of the Southwest Pacific Ocean: have been studied recently. Species lists exist Lord Howe (31S S), Norfolk (29.0° S), and for Lord Howe (Allen et aI. 1976), Norfolk Kermadec (29.2-31.3° S) islands (Figure I). (Hermes 1986), and the Kermadecs (Paulin The Lord Howe group (hereafter called Lord and Stewart 1985, Francis et al. 1987). The Howe) has the most tropical fauna ofthe three effort expended in collecting and observing and possesses the Pacific's southernmost coral fishes has varied considerably among the reef (Veron 1986). A reef 6 km long fringes three groups, as have the methods used for about 25% ofthe Lord Howe Island coastline compiling species lists. Fish diversity and the and encloses a large, shallow lago·on. Sixty­ number oftropical species are greatest at Lord eight species of hermatypic corals have been Howe and decrease eastward, paralleling the recorded from the group despite their sub­ trends in coral diversity and reefdevelopment. tropical location (Veron 1986; F. J.Brook, The purpose of this paper is to report new Department of Conservation, Whangarei, fish records resulting from recent visits to the New Zealand, pers. comm.). three island groups. The Norfolk group (hereafter called Nor­ folk) consists ofNorfolk, Nepean, and Phillip islands. Their coastlines are mainly rocky, but METHODS a coral reef I km long fringes about 3% ofthe Norfolk Island coastline and encloses a small To facilitate faunal comparisons, discus­ lagoon. Thirty-nine species of hermatypic sions of species diversity are restricted to corals have been recorded (F. J. Brook, pers. coastal fishes. They are defined here as those comm.). species likely to be encountered within I km The Kermadec group (hereafter called the of land and 50 m of the surface. This defini­ Kermadecs) consists of a chain of islands tion includes neritic pelagic species, but not spread over about 250 km of ocean (Francis oceanic pelagics. The numbers of coastal et aI. 1987). Coral reefs are not present, but fishes reported here on the basis of lists pro­ hermatypic coral colonies are common (Schiel vided by other authors do not always agree et aI. 1986). Only 14 species of hermatypic with their counts, because of the different corals are known from the Kermadecs (F. J. criteria adopted and the subjectivity involved Brook, pers. comm.), although this number is in deciding whether or not to include some likely to increase with further collecting. species. Identical criteria have been used for all three island groups in this paper. The new records reported here come from 1 Manuscript accepted 10 Apri11990. 2 Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, a variety of sources. Lord Howe records are Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand. based mainly on my underwater photographs 204 New Fish Records from Southwest Pacific Islands-FRANCIS 205 Fiji'.,: .0 , Norfolk Is. Kermadec Is. 300S • Lord Howe Is. FIGURE I. Map of the Southwest Pacific Ocean showing the subtropical location of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec islands. and sightings during the periods of 30 June-6 wise stated, photographic and sight records July 1988 and 24 May-3 June 1989. Norfolk were made by me. records are based on (I) photographs and Many ofthe new Norfolk records are based sightings made by me and M. Williams in the on fish caught and photographed by B. Kingston Lagoon during the period of 9-12 McCoy, a Norfolk resident. None of his July 1988; (2) photographs and sightings specimens were retained, and in most cases made throughout Norfolk and Nepean is­ collection data are unavailable. lands by me, J. E. Randall (Bishop Museum, Honolulu), and five other divers during 11-26 November 1989; and (3) photographs and NEW RECORDS sightings provided by Norfolk residents. Eighty-nine new fish records are reported Kermadecs records are based mainly on here: 12 from Lord Howe, 64 from Norfolk, photographs and videotape provided by M. and 13 from the Kermadecs. Six species are Fraser, a staff member of the New Zealand recorded from two ofthe island groups. Ofthe Meteorological Service based on Raoul Island new records, 85 are coastal fishes (Table 1). from October 1987 to September 1988. Sixty-seven of the new records are based Sightings were only regarded as valid if the on color photographs reproduced here. This species involved is unlikely to have been con­ total includes specimens held in private or fused with other similar species. Unless other- uncurated collections, which were photo- 206 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 45, April 1991 TABLE I RECORDS OF COASTAL FISHES FROM LoRD HOWE, NORFOLK, AND THE KERMADEC ISLANDS NUMBER OF COASTAL FISHES PREVIOUSLY NEW REPORTED RECORDS TOTAL Lord Howe group 3SS" 12 399 Norfolk group 162b 60 21S Kermadec group liS' I3 123 NOTE: Totals incorporate recent taxonomic revisions of some fish families and reidentification ofsome existing specimens. Only species identified to at least generic level are included. "AlIen et al. (1976). b Hermes (1986). FIGURE 2. Leiuranus semicinctus (Photo: M. P. 'Paulin and Stewart (1985) and Francis et al. (1987). Francis). graphed and treated as photographic records. HAEMULIDAE Three ofthe new records are based on photo­ Plectorhinchus schotaf(Forsskal, 1775) graphs whose quality is too poor for repro­ Three seen at 8 m depth off Middle Beach duction (but they may be examined on request (Plate IC). Photograph identified by R. J. to the author), and two others are based on McKay (Queensland Museum, Brisbane). video or movie film. Eight of the new records Two also photographed by J. Deacon at are based on specimens that have been de­ Tenth ofJune Island. Widespread in the trop­ posited in the National Museum of New ical Indo-West Pacific. Zealand, Wellington (NMNZ), and Bishop Museum, Honolulu (BPBM). The remaining KYPHOSIDAE nine records are based on underwater sight­ Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskal, 1775) ings. Three seen at 2 m depth at Ned's Beach. Identified by the height of the soft dorsal fin, LORD HOWE GROUP which significantly exceeded the height of the OPHICHTHIDAE spiny dorsal fin (Myers 1989). Widespread in the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay & Bennett, 1839) One specimen, 72 cm total length, in for­ Kyphosus sydneyanus (Gunther, 1886) malin in Lord Howe Island Museum (Figure Large school seen at 1-3 m depth offKing's 2). No collection data available. Widespread Beach in the main lagoon (Plate ID). Also in the tropical Indo-Pacific. known from Norfolk, southern Australia, and northern New Zealand. HOLOCENTRIDAE POMACANTHIDAE Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskal, 1775) One seen under a ledge at 2 m depth at Far Pomucanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787) Rocks in the main lagoon (Plate IA). Wide­ One seen by K. Ryan at 27-30 m depth at spread in the tropical Indo-West Pacific. North Islet (Plate IE). Widespread in the tropical Indo-West Pacific. LUTJANIDAE POMACENTRIDAE Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790) One seen at 2 m depth at Sylph's Hole (Plate Abudefdufbengalensis (Bloch, 1787) IB). Widespread in the tropical Indo-West One seen at 1 m depth at Far Rocks in the Pacific. main lagoon and another at 1 m at Ned's New Fish Records from Southwest Pacific Islands-FRANCIS 207 Beach. Identified by their shape and color NORFOLK GROUP (Allen 1975). Widespread in the tropical Indo­ West Pacific. MYLIOBATIDIDAE Myliobatis tenuicaudatus Hector, 1877 Dascyllus reticulatus (Richardson, 1846) Seen regularly in Kingston Lagoon (Plate One seen on an Acropora plate at 20 m IIA). Also known from the Kermadecs and depth at Noddy Island. Identified by its shape northern New Zealand. Possibly conspecific and color (Allen 1975). Widespread in the with M. australis Macleay, 1881, from south­ tropical Indo-West Pacific. ern Australia. CHEILODACTYLIDAE DASYATIDIDAE Cheilodactylus fuscus Castelnau, 1879 Taeniura melanospila Bleeker, 1853 One seen on two consecutive days (prob­ One seen at 15 m depth at Fig Valley, one ably the same individual) at 2-3 m depth at at 17 m at Nepean Island (Plate lIB), and one Ned's Beach. Identified by its shape and color at 1 m at Kingston wharf. Widespread in the (Coleman 1983). Also known from south­ tropical Indo-West Pacific. eastern Australia and (rarely) northeastern New Zealand. MURAENIDAE ACANTHURIDAE Echidna nebulosa (Thunberg, 1789) One seen regularly by J. Marges at 3 m Prionurus microlepidotus (Lacepede, 1804) depth in Kingston Lagoon throughout 1988­ Five seen at 8 m depth off Middle Beach (Plate IF). Otherwise known only from east­ 1989 (Figure 4). Widespread in the tropical Indo-Pacific. ern Australia. Enchelycore ramosus (Griffin, 1926) OSTRACIIDAE One seen at 13 m depth at Nepean Island Lactoria diaphana (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Plate lIe) and another at 22 m in Duncombe Two specimens in Lord Howe Island Bay. Occurs in the subtropical South Pacific Museum, one in formalin (43 mm SL, Figure from eastern Australia to Easter Island. 3) and one dried (78 mm SL). No collection data available. Widespread in the tropical CONGRIDAE Indo-Pacific. Conger wilsoni (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) One seen at night at 2 m depth in Kingston Lagoon (Figure 5).
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