ASTROPHYSICS Newsletter

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ASTROPHYSICS Newsletter ASTROPHYSICS newsletter 1998 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE DIVISION OF ASTROPHYSICS DAP at the Cenntennial and Millennium Josh Grindlay, Chair, DAP CHAIR (1998) Josh Grindlay Harvard-Smithsonian Center for The upcoming Centennial meeting in Atlanta (see recognized this trend, with a new astrophysics Astrophysics separate summary) promises a rich assortment of initiative within the physics division. 60 Garden St. talks from many of our members and of course Cambridge, MA 02138 the chance to interact with our colleagues from So why, then, is the DAP not expanding significantly? phone: (617) 495-7204 fax: (617) 495-7356 other branches of physics. In this year of There has been modest growth, yes, but not [email protected] millennium preparations, it also offers us a chance commensurate with the current trends mentioned. Are to pause and consider what new directions we we competing too much with our AAS and CHAIR-ELECT (1998) might chart for the Division over the coming few High-Energy Astrophysics Division commitments Trevor Weekes Harvard-Smithsonian Whipple years at least (as astrophysicists, with our penchant (many of are joint members)? How can we make DAP Observatory for orders of magnitude, we are again planning a sessions, and APS meetings generally, more attractive Ctr. Astrophysics, PO Box 97 decade but surely not the next two orders!). Many to our astronomical (and HEAD) colleagues? The Amado, AZ 85645 might agree that astrophysics is increasingly contact with other physics disciplines at an APS meeting phone: (602) 670-5726 becoming not only relevant to and interactive with can expand our astrophysics horizons. At the DAP fax: (602) 670-5713 [email protected] most other disciplines in physics but also where Business Meeting last year, I began a discussion of how much of the most exciting physics is to be found. we might design our future meetings since the APS VICE-CHAIR (1998) Our increasingly powerful observational and was then urging us to consider moving the Fall. This Virginia Trimble theoretical tools more than compensate for our move has since (at least for now) been abandoned by University of California Physics Department physics having to be done from afar; in just the the APS but we are free to still consider meeting Irvine, CA 92697-4575 past year key advances have been made in topics options. At the DAP Executive Committee meeting in phone: (714) 824-6948 as fundamental as accretion onto and relativistic Atlanta we shall consider several options for possible fax: (714) 824-2174 effects near black holes, and the matter-energy change, such as coordinating DAP with HEAD meetings [email protected] content of the universe. Not suprisingly, physics every 3 years. We need your input and ideas. Please PAST-CHAIR (1998) colleagues from other disciplines email or call any of us, and PLEASE come to the Business Rich Lingenfelter keep coming in and further stimulating our field; Meeting (more exciting than most, we promise!) to Center for Astrophysics and Space the influx of particle physicists into gamma-ray share your thoughts. It’s time to launch DAP (along Sciences, 0111 astronomy is a recent example. Even the NSF has with Chandra!) into a new era. University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093-0111 phone: (619) 534-2464 Fellows Nominations Letters prior to unit deadline (May 1) as a complete packet to: fax: (619) 534-2294 Executive Officer [email protected] The American Physical Society It’s time, once again, to consider that desrving DAPer One Physics Ellipse SECRETARY-TREASURER Feollow ro recognition by the APS! The DAP is able to College Park, MD 20740-3844 Neil Gehrels put forth nomination for 8 new Fellows (if our membership ATTN: Fellowship Program NASA/GSFC were larger we could do more!) each year. The Divions Although there is no required number of supporting letters Code 661 vice chair, Vriginia Trimble, heads the fellowshipc Building 2, Room 250 for each nomination, typically 2 - 3 letters from individuals Greenbelt, MD 20771 committee. Nomination forms are available from http:// outside the nominee’s institution who are familiar with phone: (301) 286-6546 aps.org/felloship/nomination_form.html and should be the nominee’s work are submitted. fax: (301) 286-1684 submitted to APS by the deadline of May 1, 1999. Please More information and forms can be obtained at http:// [email protected] consult with colleagues and identify candidates (Fellows www.aps.org/fellowship/index.html Please consult with are identified in the APS Directory if you wish to check colleagues and identify candidates (Fellows are identified first) and submit (brief ) supporting materials. in the APS Directory if you wish to check first) and submit -Josh Grindlay (brief) supporting materials. Chai, DAP In This Issue The deadline for DAP nominations for APS Fellowships The Division of is May 1, 1999. Theprocedure for nominating a colleagues • New APS Fellows Astrophysics for Fellowship is as follows: • 1. Insure nominee is a member of the Society in good • Changes to the APS Council The American standing. • Invitation to support the 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference Physical Society 2. Obtain signatures of two sponsors who are members • DAP Sessions for the Cenntenial Meeting • of the Society ingood standing. • DAP Elections February 1999 3. Submit signed Nomination Form, Curriculum Vitae, and Supporting • NRC Survey New APS Fellows The following distinguished scientists are our Division’s new Lawrence M. Krauss Fellows of the American Physical Society. ✶ “For his original contributions at the interface of particle physics and astrophysics.” J. Richard Bond “For✶ fundamental contributions to astrophysics and cosmology; in particular for developing the understanding of fluctuations in the Stuart Louis Shapiro cosmic background radiation.” ✶ “ For his broad contributions to theoretical astrophysics and general relativity, including the physics of black holes, neutron starts, and large N-body dynamical systems, and his pioneering use of supercomputers to Jack O’Neal Burns explore these areas.” “For✶ fundamental contributions to the observation and numerical modeling of extragalactic jets and clusters of galaxies” ✶Friedrich K. Thielemann “ For his work at the interface of nuclear physics and astrophysics and the Joan Mary Centrella applications to stellar nucleosynthesis, Type Ia and Type II Supernovae, as “For✶ her original contributions to numerical relativity, cosmology, well as the r- and rp- process.” and astrophysics, in particu8lar for her studies of large-scale structure in the universe and sources of gravitational radiation.” ✶Claudia Megan Urry “For pioneering studies of the nature of Active Galactic Nuclei through multi-wavelength observational campaigns and the elucidation of unified W. Neil Johnson models.” “In✶ recognition of outstanding contributions to observational gamma-ray astrophysics development of the OSSE instrument, and the understanding of high-energy emission form the Galaxy and Active Galactic Nuclei.” Possible Changes to the APS Council Invitation to apply for support of local Steve Holt, Astrophysics Division Councilor expenses at the 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference in Salt Lake City. The APS Council has seventy-one members. Its meetings are held twice per year, with agenda that are largely devoted to the pro The local organizing committee of the 26th ICRC has applied to forma approval of decisions that are made elsewhere in smaller NASA for funds to support the local expenses (hotel, registration meetings. I am the sole formal representative of the Astrophysics etc.) for a number of young scientists who will serve as scientific Division, but other divisions can have as many as four councilors secretaries to the conference. These positions will be available to in acknowledgment of their larger memberships. In addition to scientists who are either American citizens or are employed by division councilors, the council meetings include general councilors, U.S. institutions. Selections will be made by a committee elected officers, APS staff, international guests, and representatives appointed by the national organizing committee on the basis of of geographical sections and topical fora. scientific merit in the field of cosmic ray physics with a preference to young scientists (e.g. graduate students and post-docs). The APS Executive Officer Judy Franz has chartered a small committee conference will be held August 17th to August 25th 1999 in Salt to study the subject of making council meetings more (potentially) Lake City, Utah. Note that individuals are responsible for their productive. I am a member of this committee, which is chaired by own transportation costs to and from Salt Lake City. Ernest Henley. Letters of application should be sent to: I have already contacted individuals familiar with the inner Professor Jordan A. Goodman workings of other societies like the AAS and AGU for information Department of Physics about their council structure, and the manner in which they share University of Maryland work with executive and standing committees. Any other ideas College Park, Maryland 20742-4111 would be welcome; please send them to me at Atten: ICRC 99 [email protected]. Applications must be received by April 1, 1999. Applications The almost certain result of this exercise will be a council that is should include: smaller and more dynamic. Having a single councilor in a smaller 1. A brief vita and list of relevant publications council will guarantee that the Astrophysics Division has a 2. Reasons for attendance and copies of abstracts submitted to somewhat larger proportional voice, and a more active agenda the conference should give that councilor an opportunity to be more proactive on 3. List of grant, contract and institutional support available to behalf of the division. applicant and an explanation of the reason this support is needed Awards will be announced in early May (contingent on the award by NASA). 2 DAP SESSIONS FOR THE ✶ C ENTENNIAL MEETING ✶ ✶ MARCH 20-26, 1999 Session BC16.
Recommended publications
  • Women in Physics, 2000 Highlights
    By Rachel Ivie AIP Publication Number R-430 June, 2000 Katie Stowe Women in Physics, 2000 Highlights • An increasingly large number of girls have some exposure to physics by taking it in high school. By 1997, almost one-half of high school physics students were girls (Figure 1) . About 400,000 girls take high school physics each year. • Women’s participation in physics decreases with each step up the academic ladder. For example, more than two-fifths of high school physics students in 1993 were girls, but women earned less than one-fifth of bachelor’s degrees in physics five years later (Figures 1 and 3) . • Although women now earn more than one half of all bachelor’s degrees in the U.S., physics is not attracting women as quickly as other fields, including life sciences, chemistry, and engineering (Figures 4 and 5) . Compared to other fields, women are sorely underrepresented in physics at both the bachelor’s and PhD levels (Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and Table 1) . • Twenty U.S. physics departments (excluding women’s colleges) had more than 40% female bachelor’s degree recipients during the five academic years 1994-98. This report lists these departments as well as women’s colleges that grant bachelor’s degrees in physics (Tables 2 and 3) . • The proportion of women teaching physics decreases as academic rank and level of the department increases (Table 4) . However, the percentage of women faculty members at each rank is at least as high as the percentage of women earning PhDs at various points in the past.
    [Show full text]
  • Physics in Your Future Introduces Physics and Careers in Physics to Young People, Their Parents, Teachers and Advisors
    TM American Physical Society • Committee on the Status of Women in Physics Chiara La Tessa of Brookhaven National Laboratory is inside the target room of the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at Brookhaven. She is aligning a detector called EGG counter in the center of a beam – something that’s done before each experiment. Physics helps us understand the world around us, the world inside us, and the world beyond us. Physics is the most basic and fundamental science; it deals with how and why matter and energy act as they do. The laws of physics apply to force and motion, gravity, electricity, magnetism, sound, light and heat. They help us understand the physical world and develop products that people need. Mastering physics is fun and challenging. It involves working with others, as well as alone. You learn how to solve problems, observe things carefully, make measurements and keep accurate records. You can use these valuable skills for the rest of your life. They open doors to many good jobs. Physicists ask questions about the physical world and try to find exact answers. They are creative and persistent. Some do basic research. Their goal is to increase our knowledge of the universe. Others do applied research. They use basic knowledge to solve world problems such as food and energy supply, environmental protection, transportation, communication and defense. Physicists work in industry, educational institutions, government, and medical centers today. Most are active scientists and engineers. They do research and development, administration, and teaching. Others use their physics background in fields like publishing, sales, law, accounting and medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Reversed out (White) Reversed
    Berkeley rev.( white) Berkeley rev.( FALL 2014 reversed out (white) reversed IN THIS ISSUE Berkeley’s Space Sciences Laboratory Tabletop Physics Bringing More Women into Physics ALUMNI NEWS AND MORE! Cover: The MAVEN satellite mission uses instrumentation developed at UC Berkeley's Space Sciences Laboratory to explore the physics behind the loss of the Martian atmosphere. It’s a continuation of Berkeley astrophysicist Robert Lin’s pioneering work in solar physics. See p 7. photo credit: Lockheed Martin Physics at Berkeley 2014 Published annually by the Department of Physics Steven Boggs: Chair Anil More: Director of Administration Maria Hjelm: Director of Development, College of Letters and Science Devi Mathieu: Editor, Principal Writer Meg Coughlin: Design Additional assistance provided by Sarah Wittmer, Sylvie Mehner and Susan Houghton Department of Physics 366 LeConte Hall #7300 University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-7300 Copyright 2014 by The Regents of the University of California FEATURES 4 12 18 Berkeley’s Space Tabletop Physics Bringing More Women Sciences Laboratory BERKELEY THEORISTS INVENT into Physics NEW WAYS TO SEARCH FOR GOING ON SIX DECADES UC BERKELEY HOSTS THE 2014 NEW PHYSICS OF EDUCATION AND SPACE WEST COAST CONFERENCE EXPLORATION Berkeley theoretical physicists Ashvin FOR UNDERGRADUATE WOMEN Vishwanath and Surjeet Rajendran IN PHYSICS Since the Space Lab’s inception are developing new, small-scale in 1959, Berkeley physicists have Women physics students from low-energy approaches to questions played important roles in many California, Oregon, Washington, usually associated with large-scale of the nation’s space-based scientific Alaska, and Hawaii gathered on high-energy particle experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Bibliography: Women in Physics, Astronomy, and Related Disciplines
    Annotated Bibliography: Women in Physics, Astronomy, and Related Disciplines Abir Am, Pnina and Dorinda Outram, eds. Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science, 1787-1979. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987. Abir Am and Outram’s volume includes a collection of essays about women in science that highlight the intersection of personal and professional spheres. All of the articles argue that the careers of women scientists are influenced by their family lives and that their family lives are impacted because of their scientific careers. This text is significant in two ways: first, it is one of the earliest examples of scholarship that moves beyond the recovering women in science, but placing them in the context of their home and work environments. Second, it suggests that historians of science can no longer ignore the private lives of their historical subjects. This volume contains four articles relating to women in physics and astronomy: Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie’s “Marital Collaboration: An Approach to Science” (pages 104-125), Sally Gregory Kohlstedt’s “Maria Mitchell and the Advancement of Women in Science” (pages 129-146), Helena M. Pycior’s “Marie Curie’s ‘Anti-Natural Path’: Time Only for Science and Family” (pages 191-215), and Peggy Kidwell’s “Cecelia Payne-Gaposchkin: Astronomy in the Family” (pages 216-238). As a unit, the articles would constitute and interesting lesson on personal and professional influences. Individually, the articles could be incorporated into lessons on a single scientist, offering a new perspective on their activities at work and at home. It complements Pycior, Slack, and Abir Am’s Creative Couples in the Sciences and Lykknes, Opitz, and Van Tiggelen’s For Better of For Worse: Collaborative Couples in the Sciences, which also look at the intersection of the personal and professional.
    [Show full text]
  • Sarah M. Cousineau
    Sarah M. Cousineau Section Head: Accelerator Science and Technology, Spallation Neutron Source Spallation Neutron Source Phone: +1 865 406 0294 PO Box 2008, MS 6461 [email protected] Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6461 Current Job Responsibilities: • Lead the Accelerator Science and Technology group at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator: § Lead the production, measurement, understanding and analysis of the SNS 1.4 MW H- linac and ring proton beams § Define and oversee a robust R&D program targeted at high intensity, high power beams § Define and oversee an effective mechanical engineering design program that supports both beam operations and accelerator R&D § Manage the beam study program aimed at identifying, understanding, and mitigating accelerator performance limitations § Guide and facilitate strategic plans for accelerator performance improvements, and software tools for efficient modeling and analysis of the beam § Manage the section budget and provide professional development opportunities for staff § Promote a strong culture of safety in all activities § Participate in outreach and professional community service roles Education: • 2003 Ph.D. (Accelerator Physics), Indiana University • 2000 M.S. (Accelerator Physics), Indiana University • 1998 B.S. (Physics, summa cum laude), University of North Dakota Research Interests: • Collective effects in high intensity beams, space charge and instabilities • Novel injection methods for proton drivers • Laser and ion beam interactions • Code development and simulation of high intensity beams • Novel beam diagnostics and measurement techniques • High power beam collimation • High current and duty factor H- ion sources Professional Experience: 07/2020 – present Section Head, Accelerator Science and Technology 01/2016 – 07/2020 Group Leader, Beam Science and Technology group, Spallation Neutron Source 02/2012 – 07/2020 Joint Faculty Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee 1 Sarah M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Physics Department Sticks Together
    The Newsletter of the Drew University Society of Physics Students Fall 2020 Volume 31 Number 1 Editor: Aidan Carter The Physics Department Sticks Together By Aidan Carter ‘21 Even while the global pandemic contin- ues to interrupt normalcy in our lives, Drew’s Society of Physics Students is making the most of the unfamiliar online learning platform. During the Fall Semester, the SPS hosted two great events as well as meeting weekly in the “Virtual H-Bar.” The first event was an alumni meeting where stu- dents, faculty, and alumni connected, and students got a taste for the career paths tak- en by other Drew physics students. With close to twenty alumni, a diversity of inter- esting careers was represented. Among them were professionals in industry, academia, education, and a few graduate students. The alumni fielded questions from the students and gave advice and personal stories about their path to success. It was great to meet so many interesting and successful physics stu- dents, and for faculty to reconnect with some of their former students. The SPS also hosted Dr. Jay Tittman, the oldest Drew physics alum, from the graduating class of 1944. Dr. Tittman re- galed students and faculty with stories of Drew during the second world war, and A photo of all the alumni, students, and faculty at the alumni meeting. about pursuing an education in physics dur- ing that time. Hosting Dr. Tittman was a pleasure and his experiences inspiring. Not only is the SPS still having fun and hosting events during the global pandemic, but these events would not have been possible without the virtual platform.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013-2014 Academic Year Has Had an Extraordinary Impact on the Department of Physics and Astronomy
    Department of Physics Astronomy& 2014 UCLA Physics and Astronomy Department 2013-14 Chair James Rosenzweig Chief Administrative Officer Will Spencer Feature Article Andrea Ghez Editorial Assistants D.L. MacLaughlan Dumes, Laurie Ultan-Thomas Design Mary Jo Robertson (maryjodesign.com) © 2014 by the Regents of the University of California All rights reserved. Requests for additional copies of the publication UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy 203-2014 Annual Report may be sent to: Office of the Chair UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy 430 Portola Plaza Box 951547 Los Angeles California 90095-1547 For more information on the Department see our website: http://www.pa.ucla.edu/ Cover Image: Ethan Tweedie Photography DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY 2014 Annual Report UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES Department of physics & astronomy FEATURE ARTICLE: P.7 “UCLA GALACTIC CENTER 20 YEARS OF DISCOVERY” UCLA AluMNI P.18 2014: The orbits of stars within the central 1.0 X 1.0 arcseconds of our Galaxy. DONORS AND DONOR IMPACT P.13 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS P.18 PHYSICS RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS P.30 PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY FACULTY/RESEARCHERS P.50 NEW FACULTY P.51 IN MEMORIAM P.52-53 Bernard M.K. Nefkens & Nina Byers OUTREACH Astronomy Live! P.54 NEWS P.55 GRADUATION 2013-14 P.57-59 Department of physics & astronomy Department of physics & astronomy CHAIR’S MESSAGE t is my privilege to present, in the waning days of my four and a half years of service as Chair, Ithe 2013-14 Annual Report of the UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy. We have been producing this document for over a decade now to capture in a compact volume the most exciting developments here in the department.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Online Resources About Women in Physics, Astronomy, and Related Disciplines
    Guide to Online Resources about Women in Physics, Astronomy, and Related Disciplines Introduction The websites collected here serve a variety of functions. The first group directly relates to women in physics and astronomy. The second group addresses women in science more generally. The third group supports and encourages students and professionals in their practice of astronomy, physics, and related disciplines. The sites are arranged alphabetically by title. Online Resources American Astronomical Society’s Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy http://www.aas.org/cswa/ Maintained by the American Astronomical Society This website offers a variety of information useful for practicing astronomers and astronomy students. The resources include a database of registered women in astronomy, statistics on gender, employment, and recognition, and a history of the Committee and its meeting minutes. It also includes advice on work/life balance, re-entering the profession, sexual harassment, mentoring, the two-body problem, retaining women in science, and salary negotiation. American Physical Society’s Women in Physics Program http://www.aps.org/programs/women Maintained by the American Physical Society This website is maintained by the American Physical Society, the second largest organization of physicists in the world. It serves both the professional needs of its members, as well as the general public through education and outreach. The website of the APS Women in Physics program includes information on: Prizes, awards, scholarships,
    [Show full text]
  • Emmy Noether, Maria Goeppert Mayer, and Their Cyborgian Counterparts: Triangulating Mathematical-Theoretical Physics, Feminist Scie… ISSUE NO
    2/24/2021 Emmy Noether, Maria Goeppert Mayer, and their Cyborgian Counterparts: Triangulating Mathematical-Theoretical Physics, Feminist Scie… ISSUE NO. 3 Emmy Noether, Maria Goeppert Mayer, and their Cyborgian Counterparts: Triangulating Mathematical- Theoretical Physics, Feminist Science Studies, and Feminist Science Fiction Clarissa Ai Ling Lee Accompanying Materials This essay contains a portmanteau of two strands of narratives from which Methodology & Intellectual Context the reader can choose his or her own (https://adanewmedia.org/2013/11/issue3-lee/) critical engagement; either biographical Biography of Noether or literary. The science fiction aspect of (https://adanewmedia.org/2013/11/issue3-lee- the narrative attempts a critique of accomp1/) queer feminist science taking place at Biography of Goeppert Mayer an ontologically abstract level to force a (https://adanewmedia.org/2013/11/issue3-lee- re-reading of the mathematical sciences accomp2/) via a politically astute lens of feminist On Speculative Science Fiction epistemology. At the same time, the (https://adanewmedia.org/2013/11/issue3-lee- essay participates in a close reading of accomp3/) the intellectual biographies of Emmy Epilog Noether and Maria Goeppert Mayer to (https://adanewmedia.org/2013/11/issue3-lee- demonstrate the importance and accomp4/) revolutionary nature of their respective contributions to fields that would later converge into the most cutting-edge physics of today, as well as that of computation. A part of the essay critiques what was at stake for these two women who contributed enormously to shaping the imaginary of the world of theoretical physics and, therefore, the imaginary that informs the foundations of hard science fiction focusing on speculative and novel ideas of physics.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Physics
    Women in Physics LESSON PLAN STEP PHYSICSUP TOGETHER This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 1720810, 1720869, 1720917, and 1721021. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or ecommendationsr expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Help students examine the conditions for women in physics and discuss gender issues with respect to famous physicists, gendered professions, and personal experience to neutralize the effect of stereotypes and bias. Students participate in an interactive presentation by the teacher, in which data about women in physics around the world are discussed. The role of culture and society are considered. Students perform an Internet Students read biographies 1. search for physicists to 2. of historical physicists as identify trends in stereotypes well as one modern physicist about those who work in and complete a reflection physics. worksheet. Students participate in an Students discuss the 3. interactive presentation 4. outcomes of their Internet by the teacher, in which search and biographical data about women in analyses, and synthesize physics around the world conclusions from the whole are discussed. The role class discussion. of culture and society are considered. Students voluntarily contribute Students respond to a 5. their own experiences 6. prompt about their own with gender bias to a class experience with gender bias. discussion, and consider how this might influence their own views about gendered careers and a future in physics. ! Learn more at STEPUPphysics.org and register to access instructional support & FAQs Lesson Plan: Women in Physics 3 WOMEN IN PHYSICS SUPPORTING RESEARCH Lesson Topic: In this lesson, students will examine the conditions for women in physics drawing on current statistics/research and their experiences with physics.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter SPRING 2019 Issue No
    PHYSICSNewsletter SPRING 2019 Issue No. 19 UMassAmherst Physics Strain in Thin Sheets Addressing a physics problem that dates back to Galileo, three UMass Amherst researchers proposed a new approach to the theory of how thin sheets can be forced to conform to “geometrically incompatible” shapes – think gift-wrapping a basketball. Their new approach relies on weaving together two fundamental ideas of geometry and mechanics that were long thought to be irreconcilable. Theoretical physicist, Prof. Benny Davidovitch, polymer scientist Prof. Gregory Grason and Physics doctoral student Yiwei Sun, writing in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, demonstrate via numerical simulations that naturally flat sheets forced to change their curvature can accommodate geometrically-required strain by developing microscopic wrinkles that bend the sheet instead of stretching it to the breaking point, a solution that furthermore costs less energy. This advance is important as biotechnologists increasingly attempt to control the level of strain encountered in thin films conforming to complex, curving and 3D shapes of the human body, for example, in flexible and wearable sensors for personalized health monitoring. Many of these devices rely on electrical properties of the film that are shown to be highly vulnerable to stretching but that can tolerate some bending. The figure shows what happens when a curved elastic shell is forced by confinement to change According to Benny, nonconformities that come with bending are so small from spherical to flat. If it wrinkles enough, the that, in practical terms, they cost almost no energy. “By offering efficient shell can flatten almost without stretching. Image strategies to manage the strain, predict it and control it, we offer a new courtesy of UMass Amherst/G.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Examination of Research on Why Women Are More
    A comparative examination of research on why women are more underrepresented in some STEMM disciplines compared to others, with a particular focus on computer science, engineering, physics, mathematics, medicine, chemistry, and biology Michelle A. Rodrigues1 and Kathryn B. H. Clancy1,2,3 1University of Illinois Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology 2University of Illinois Department of Anthropology 3University of Illinois Women and Gender in Global Perspective Summary In this paper, we make two main arguments. First, the “gauntlet” metaphor of the experience of women in science is more accurate than passive constructions such as “pipelines” or “climates” and leads to a more productive discussion of interventions for change. Second, while some interventions and recruitment efforts have increased the representation of white women in science, representation of marginalized women scholars, including women of color, disabled women, LGBTQ women, and gender minorities, are not improving, and in some cases are getting worse. We suggest some broad cultural and structural issues that contribute to issues of gender representation in science, as well as give specific examples from scientific disciplines to understand how historical and locational contexts require fine-tuning of solutions. Introduction Even in science disciplines where women are overrepresented among undergraduate majors, women are less represented as one moves up the training and career ranks. Usually, such declines are characterized as caused by “the leaky pipeline”
    [Show full text]