Cobalt Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Ligands for Catalysis Yann Bourne Branchu
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Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 2017
INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL BOARD Precursors and chemicals frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances 2017 EMBARGO Observe release date: Not to be published or broadcast before Thursday, 1 March 2018, at 1100 hours (CET) UNITED NATIONS CAUTION Reports published by the International Narcotics Control Board in 2017 The Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2017 (E/INCB/2017/1) is supplemented by the following reports: Narcotic Drugs: Estimated World Requirements for 2018—Statistics for 2016 (E/INCB/2017/2) Psychotropic Substances: Statistics for 2016—Assessments of Annual Medical and Scientific Requirements for Substances in Schedules II, III and IV of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 (E/INCB/2017/3) Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances: Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2017 on the Implementation of Article 12 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 (E/INCB/2017/4) The updated lists of substances under international control, comprising narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and substances frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, are contained in the latest editions of the annexes to the statistical forms (“Yellow List”, “Green List” and “Red List”), which are also issued by the Board. Contacting the International Narcotics Control Board The secretariat of the Board may be reached at the following address: Vienna International Centre Room E-1339 P.O. Box 500 1400 Vienna Austria In addition, the following may be used to contact the secretariat: Telephone: (+43-1) 26060 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5867 or 26060-5868 Email: [email protected] The text of the present report is also available on the website of the Board (www.incb.org). -
End-Of-Line Hyphenation of Chemical Names (IUPAC Provisional
Pure Appl. Chem. 2020; aop IUPAC Recommendations Albert J. Dijkstra*, Karl-Heinz Hellwich, Richard M. Hartshorn, Jan Reedijk and Erik Szabó End-of-line hyphenation of chemical names (IUPAC Provisional Recommendations) https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-1005 Received October 16, 2019; accepted January 21, 2020 Abstract: Chemical names and in particular systematic chemical names can be so long that, when a manu- script is printed, they have to be hyphenated/divided at the end of a line. Many systematic names already contain hyphens, but sometimes not in a suitable division position. In some cases, using these hyphens as end-of-line divisions can lead to illogical divisions in print, as can also happen when hyphens are added arbi- trarily without considering the ‘chemical’ context. The present document provides recommendations and guidelines for authors of chemical manuscripts, their publishers and editors, on where to divide chemical names at the end of a line and instructions on how to avoid these names being divided at illogical places as often suggested by desk dictionaries. Instead, readability and chemical sense should prevail when authors insert optional hyphens. Accordingly, the software used to convert electronic manuscripts to print can now be programmed to avoid illogical end-of-line hyphenation and thereby save the author much time and annoy- ance when proofreading. The recommendations also allow readers of the printed article to determine which end-of-line hyphens are an integral part of the name and should not be deleted when ‘undividing’ the name. These recommendations may also prove useful in languages other than English. -
Analysis of Ammonia and Volatile Organic Amine Emissions in a Confined Poultry Facility
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2010 Analysis of Ammonia and Volatile Organic Amine Emissions in a Confined Poultry Facility Hanh Hong Thi Dinh Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Analytical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Dinh, Hanh Hong Thi, "Analysis of Ammonia and Volatile Organic Amine Emissions in a Confined Poultry Facility" (2010). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 598. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/598 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright © Hanh Hong Thi Dinh 2010 All Right Reserved iii ABSTRACT Analysis of Ammonia and Volatile Organic Amine Emissions in a Confined Poultry Facility by Hanh Hong Thi Dinh, Master of Science Utah State University, 2010 Major Professor: Dr Robert S. Brown Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry The National Air Emission Monitoring Study (NAEMS) project was funded by the Agricultural Air Research Council (AARC) to evaluate agricultural emissions nationwide. Utah State University (USU) is conducting a parallel study on agricultural emissions at a Cache Valley poultry facility. As part of this parallel study, samples of animal feed, eggs and animal waste were collected weekly from three manure barns (designated: manure barn, barn 4 - manure belt and barn 5 - high rise) from May 2008 to November 2009. These samples were analyzed to determine ammonia content, total Kjeldahl nitrogen content and ammonia emission. -
Efficient Synthesis of a Chiral 2-Aryl Pyrrolidine
PROCESS DEVELOPMENT Peer reviewed Jared Piper Efficient synthesis of a chiral 2-aryl Pyrrolidine JARED L. PIPER1,*, STANLEY P. KOLIS1, CHAOYU XIE1, MARTIAL BERTRAND2, PASCAL BOQUEL2 *Corresponding author 1. Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Centre, Chemical Product Research and Development, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA 2. Eli Lilly & Company, Lilly Development Centre, Chemical Product Research and Development, S.A., Rue Granbonpré 11, Mont-Saint-Guibert, B-1348, Belgium KEYWORDS Asymmetric synthesis; pyrrolidine; iridium catalysts. ABSTRACT 2-aryl pyrrolidine 1 was efficiently prepared in three steps starting from N-vinylpyrrolidinone and ethyl 3,5-dimethylbenzoate. The key steps highlight the use of a rearrangement and an iridium catalysed hydrogenation to afford the desired compound. This methodology was utilised to prepare several differentially 2-aryl-substituted pyrrolidines in good yield and enantiomeric excess, and is complimentary to existing methods to prepare molecules of this type. 38 Scheme 1. First generation synthesis of 1. INTRODUCTION hemical compounds enantioselective reduction, the synthesis had potential limitations. containing the pyrrolidine The Grignard chemistry required long reaction times (>24 hours), Cstructural motif are was difficult to initiate, and failed to reach complete conversion on ubiquitous in nature, and are present larger scale. In addition, multiple impurities were observed for the in both the core of the amino acids reaction, and the rejection of these substances from the product proline and hydroxyproline, and the stream was not trivial. During the cyclization event to form 6, the natural alkaloids nicotine and ficine. retention of stereochemical integrity of 5 during the course of the These heterocycles have been used reaction was unpredictable. -
Heterocycles 2 Daniel Palleros
Heterocycles 2 Daniel Palleros Heterocycles 1. Structures 2. Aromaticity and Basicity 2.1 Pyrrole 2.2 Imidazole 2.3 Pyridine 2.4 Pyrimidine 2.5 Purine 3. Π-excessive and Π-deficient Heterocycles 4. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 5. Oxidation-Reduction 6. DNA and RNA Bases 7. Tautomers 8. H-bond Formation 9. Absorption of UV Radiation 10. Reactions and Mutations Heterocycles 3 Daniel Palleros Heterocycles Heterocycles are cyclic compounds in which one or more atoms of the ring are heteroatoms: O, N, S, P, etc. They are present in many biologically important molecules such as amino acids, nucleic acids and hormones. They are also indispensable components of pharmaceuticals and therapeutic drugs. Caffeine, sildenafil (the active ingredient in Viagra), acyclovir (an antiviral agent), clopidogrel (an antiplatelet agent) and nicotine, they all have heterocyclic systems. O CH3 N HN O O N O CH 3 N H3C N N HN N OH O S O H N N N 2 N O N N O CH3 N CH3 caffeine sildenafil acyclovir Cl S N CH3 N N H COOCH3 nicotine (S)-clopidogrel Here we will discuss the chemistry of this important group of compounds beginning with the simplest rings and continuing to more complex systems such as those present in nucleic acids. Heterocycles 4 Daniel Palleros 1. Structures Some of the most important heterocycles are shown below. Note that they have five or six-membered rings such as pyrrole and pyridine or polycyclic ring systems such as quinoline and purine. Imidazole, pyrimidine and purine play a very important role in the chemistry of nucleic acids and are highlighted. -
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Chelating Ligand Complexes of Group 13-15 Elements
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 1-1-2019 Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Chelating Ligand Complexes of Group 13-15 Elements Ala'aeddeen Swidan University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Swidan, Ala'aeddeen, "Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Chelating Ligand Complexes of Group 13-15 Elements" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 7761. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7761 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Chelating Ligand Complexes of Group 13-15 Elements By Ala’aeddeen Swidan A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2019 © 2019 Ala’aeddeen Swidan Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Chelating Ligand Complexes of Group 13-15 Elements by Ala’aeddeen Swidan APPROVED BY: ______________________________________________ D. -
APPENDIX G Acid Dissociation Constants
harxxxxx_App-G.qxd 3/8/10 1:34 PM Page AP11 APPENDIX G Acid Dissociation Constants § ϭ 0.1 M 0 ؍ (Ionic strength ( † ‡ † Name Structure* pKa Ka pKa ϫ Ϫ5 Acetic acid CH3CO2H 4.756 1.75 10 4.56 (ethanoic acid) N ϩ H3 ϫ Ϫ3 Alanine CHCH3 2.344 (CO2H) 4.53 10 2.33 ϫ Ϫ10 9.868 (NH3) 1.36 10 9.71 CO2H ϩ Ϫ5 Aminobenzene NH3 4.601 2.51 ϫ 10 4.64 (aniline) ϪO SNϩ Ϫ4 4-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid 3 H3 3.232 5.86 ϫ 10 3.01 (sulfanilic acid) ϩ NH3 ϫ Ϫ3 2-Aminobenzoic acid 2.08 (CO2H) 8.3 10 2.01 ϫ Ϫ5 (anthranilic acid) 4.96 (NH3) 1.10 10 4.78 CO2H ϩ 2-Aminoethanethiol HSCH2CH2NH3 —— 8.21 (SH) (2-mercaptoethylamine) —— 10.73 (NH3) ϩ ϫ Ϫ10 2-Aminoethanol HOCH2CH2NH3 9.498 3.18 10 9.52 (ethanolamine) O H ϫ Ϫ5 4.70 (NH3) (20°) 2.0 10 4.74 2-Aminophenol Ϫ 9.97 (OH) (20°) 1.05 ϫ 10 10 9.87 ϩ NH3 ϩ ϫ Ϫ10 Ammonia NH4 9.245 5.69 10 9.26 N ϩ H3 N ϩ H2 ϫ Ϫ2 1.823 (CO2H) 1.50 10 2.03 CHCH CH CH NHC ϫ Ϫ9 Arginine 2 2 2 8.991 (NH3) 1.02 10 9.00 NH —— (NH2) —— (12.1) CO2H 2 O Ϫ 2.24 5.8 ϫ 10 3 2.15 Ϫ Arsenic acid HO As OH 6.96 1.10 ϫ 10 7 6.65 Ϫ (hydrogen arsenate) (11.50) 3.2 ϫ 10 12 (11.18) OH ϫ Ϫ10 Arsenious acid As(OH)3 9.29 5.1 10 9.14 (hydrogen arsenite) N ϩ O H3 Asparagine CHCH2CNH2 —— —— 2.16 (CO2H) —— —— 8.73 (NH3) CO2H *Each acid is written in its protonated form. -
Bond Distances and Bond Orders in Binuclear Metal Complexes of the First Row Transition Metals Titanium Through Zinc
Metal-Metal (MM) Bond Distances and Bond Orders in Binuclear Metal Complexes of the First Row Transition Metals Titanium Through Zinc Richard H. Duncan Lyngdoh*,a, Henry F. Schaefer III*,b and R. Bruce King*,b a Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India B Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602 ABSTRACT: This survey of metal-metal (MM) bond distances in binuclear complexes of the first row 3d-block elements reviews experimental and computational research on a wide range of such systems. The metals surveyed are titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc, representing the only comprehensive presentation of such results to date. Factors impacting MM bond lengths that are discussed here include (a) n+ the formal MM bond order, (b) size of the metal ion present in the bimetallic core (M2) , (c) the metal oxidation state, (d) effects of ligand basicity, coordination mode and number, and (e) steric effects of bulky ligands. Correlations between experimental and computational findings are examined wherever possible, often yielding good agreement for MM bond lengths. The formal bond order provides a key basis for assessing experimental and computationally derived MM bond lengths. The effects of change in the metal upon MM bond length ranges in binuclear complexes suggest trends for single, double, triple, and quadruple MM bonds which are related to the available information on metal atomic radii. It emerges that while specific factors for a limited range of complexes are found to have their expected impact in many cases, the assessment of the net effect of these factors is challenging. -
Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids and Bases
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES This table lists the dissociation (ionization) constants of over pKa + pKb = pKwater = 14.00 (at 25°C) 1070 organic acids, bases, and amphoteric compounds. All data apply to dilute aqueous solutions and are presented as values of Compounds are listed by molecular formula in Hill order. pKa, which is defined as the negative of the logarithm of the equi- librium constant K for the reaction a References HA H+ + A- 1. Perrin, D. D., Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous i.e., Solution, Butterworths, London, 1965; Supplement, 1972. 2. Serjeant, E. P., and Dempsey, B., Ionization Constants of Organic Acids + - Ka = [H ][A ]/[HA] in Aqueous Solution, Pergamon, Oxford, 1979. 3. Albert, A., “Ionization Constants of Heterocyclic Substances”, in where [H+], etc. represent the concentrations of the respective Katritzky, A. R., Ed., Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry, - species in mol/L. It follows that pKa = pH + log[HA] – log[A ], so Academic Press, New York, 1963. 4. Sober, H.A., Ed., CRC Handbook of Biochemistry, CRC Press, Boca that a solution with 50% dissociation has pH equal to the pKa of the acid. Raton, FL, 1968. 5. Perrin, D. D., Dempsey, B., and Serjeant, E. P., pK Prediction for Data for bases are presented as pK values for the conjugate acid, a a Organic Acids and Bases, Chapman and Hall, London, 1981. i.e., for the reaction 6. Albert, A., and Serjeant, E. P., The Determination of Ionization + + Constants, Third Edition, Chapman and Hall, London, 1984. BH H + B 7. Budavari, S., Ed., The Merck Index, Twelth Edition, Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ, 1996. -
Stabilization and Reactivity of Low Oxidation State Indium Compounds
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2013 Stabilization and Reactivity of Low Oxidation State Indium Compounds Christopher Allan University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Allan, Christopher, "Stabilization and Reactivity of Low Oxidation State Indium Compounds" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 4939. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4939 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. STABILIZATION AND REACTIVITY OF LOW OXIDATION STATE INDIUM COMPOUNDS By Christopher J. Allan A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies Through Chemistry and Biochemistry In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2013 ©2013 Christopher J. Allan Declaration of Co-Authorship / Previous Publications I. Declaration of Co-Authorship This thesis incorporates the outcome of joint research undertaken in collaboration with Hugh Cowley under the supervision of Jeremy Rawson. -
The Synthesis of Kinetically Stabilised Heavy Group 13 Hydride Complexes
The Synthesis of Kinetically Stabilised Heavy Group 13 Hydride Complexes Thesis as partial fulfilment of the requirements of Doctor of Philosophy (Chemistry) by Alasdair Iain McKay (Student Number: 3188803) Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Marcus L. Cole School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia 16th April 2015 Certificate of Originality ‘I, Alasdair Iain McKay, hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials, previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the projects’ design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed........................................................... Date.............................................................. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ix Abstract x Abbreviations xi Chapter One: General Introduction 1 1.1 Group 13 Element Structure 1 1.2 Group 13 Metal Hydrides 3 1.2.1 Bonding and Structure in Group 13 Trihydrides 4 1.2.2 The Thermodynamics of Group 13 Hydrides 5 1.2.3 Lewis Base -
Amine-Catalyzed Direct Self Diels–Alder Reactions of A,B-Unsaturated Ketones in Water: Synthesis of Pro-Chiral Cyclohexanones
TETRAHEDRON LETTERS Pergamon Tetrahedron Letters 43 (2002) 6743–6746 Amine-catalyzed direct self Diels–Alder reactions of a,b-unsaturated ketones in water: synthesis of pro-chiral cyclohexanones D. B. Ramachary, Naidu S. Chowdari and Carlos F. Barbas, III* The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA Received 27 June 2002; revised 18 July 2002; accepted 22 July 2002 Abstract—Amine-catalyzed direct self Diels–Alder reactions of a,b-unsaturated ketones have been developed. (S)-1-(2-Pyrro- lidinyl-methyl)pyrrolidine, L-proline and pyrrolidine catalyzed the reaction of a,b-unsaturated ketones to provide cyclohexanone derivatives with good yield (up to 80%) in a single step via in situ-generation of 2-amino-1,3-butadienes and iminium ion-activated enones. Pro-chiral cyclohexanones were selectively prepared with pyrrolidine catalysis in water. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the most important an attractive single-step route to cyclohexanone transformations in synthetic chemistry for the construc- derivatives.8 tion of six-membered ring systems and many strategies to catalyze this reaction have been studied.1 Recently, Initially, we studied a variety of reaction conditions organoamines have been applied as catalysts of Diels– involving amine catalysts for the self Diels–Alder reac- Alder reactions involving a,b-unsaturated carbonyl tion of a,b-unsaturated ketone. Since chiral