ASSOCIATION FOR I NDUSTR IAL ARCHAEOLOGY Volume '15 Number 4 1988

A PERSPECTIVE ON I]{DIA]{ small millstones for grinding millet and similar carrying the grinding wheel he was using to INDUSTRIAL ARCIIAEOTOGY The situation in Jaipur was even more marked shape his piece of inlay. Sieving and sorting where whole areas of the city were given over to cereals (nearly always done on a family scale) This account is based on a visit made in the a single trade such as carpet weaving, were done by hand as was winnowing-often winter of 1986-87 mainly to see aspects of jewellery making or stone cutting From everyw- by throwing baskets of grain into the wind but education so that items of industrial archaeolo- here in the stone quarter came the sound of also by hand-powered winnowing machines gical interest occuned as supplementary to the tools chipping on stone. One could stand at a However, with the growth of cooperatives there main itinerary and not as deliberately planned street corner and whichever way one looked are some oil-engine powered winnowing visits. Therefore the observations are unlikely to there were premises where stone was being machines appearing. Small roadside potteries, be truly representative of the area visited which cut-either in the open front of the building or usually making earthenware water pots, had in itself is only a very small part of lndia. outside in the street in front of the building. No stick wheels operated from the squatting po- INTRODUCTION wonder that vehicles bigger than the motorised sition. tricycle rickshaws do not venture into the area. This last observation highlights a realisation When considering industrial archaeology in This same grouping of similar crafts also occur- that one aspect ot Indian working life would India it is easy to think of aspects of that red in the villages Badami, south of Bijapur, is appear to have no parallel here, either in the country's present working life as survivals of a large village and the blacksmiths, again with recent or distant past They make very little use practices which have been replaced by later open fronts onto the main road, were side by of any artefact to support what they are working develooments in the Western World. To use side Elsewhere in the village at least four on Apart from in the hand block printing of these examples to help understand and inter- wheelwrighting businesses were grouped textiles in lengths suitable for sarees, no work- pret the physical evidence of past industrial around the same open space. benches are seen. Everything else is done with activities as found in Europe would be very The use of human musclepower is widespread. the work on the ground and the workmen squat- misleading lt is therefore intended to make Most habitations appear to have overhead ting alongside it. some general comments on working practices electric cables but whenever there is a small- This was the case with the blacksmiths at Bad- in India before considering three particular scale need tor power it was met by man or ami working on their very small anvils, the pre- industries. woman power. Bestoration of the inlaid work in viously mentioned inlay grinders, carpenters The contrast between industrial activities is the Rang Mahal inside the Red Fort at Delhi planing wood, handmade-brick makers and more marked in India that in the West. Many required the new pieces to be ground to fit. shoe repairers who use a sort of lasting jack but small businesses are conducted under very Four men were doing this, each squatting on it stands on the ground and not on a bench. simple conditions, for example people sitting the floor and moving a bow back and forth with Indrans appear to be able to squat for hours on on the pavement in a busy city using hand- the cord ol the bow wound around the shaft end and chairs seem to be non-existent in driven blowers to heat metal for engineering production on a very small scale. However, the scale of other manufacturing activities makes India about the tenth in the world league of industrial nations. Whereas nowadays in the United Kingdom a particular activity is carried out in more or less the same way wherever it is located in the country, in India regional variations are still pro- nounced. For example, brickmaking in the Delhi-Agra-Jaipur areas tends to be in large apparently permanent works firing bricks in large circular trenches. Further south,firing is in clamps and nearly always rectangular except around Udaipur where the usual shape is of a conical form. In India there are many instances where those practising the same craft or trade or selling the same type of commodity do so in adiacent oremises: the same used to be the case in this country as evidenced by street names such as Skinners' Lane, Gold Street and so on. In Delhi a number of firework makers and their shops were next door to each other and a little further along the same street the makers and sellers of automobile replacement parts were side by side. In Agra along a road called The Strand Lifting water from a well for irrigation using a pair of oxen walking down a slope By side of road between Ajmer there was a row of about six 'firms' all makino and Udaipur (Rajasthan) many places, ls this ability to squat due to the cross-section of the channel being about 10' looser clothing worn in hot countries which is [3m] wide and 8-10' [2 a-3m] high. The less restrictive to limb movements? This agility bricks were being stacked, fired and unloaded is also shown in the way they manage to hold at various places around the trough and trom the work without recourse to artefacts such as the middle of the circle rose one or two cylindri- vices. Carpenters would hold the wood with cal metal chimneys There was no opportunity their bare feet whilst they sat on the ground to to investigate the connection between the cut it with a saw The millstone cutters sup- channel and the chimneys but these kilns might ported 18" [45cm] diameter stones on their be an Indian open-air variation on the Hoffman- edges with one toot on the uppermost surface type kiln of the curved edge In all cases where bricks could be seen being Animals are still used in India on a considerable formed it was by hand and in the open. lf scale both ior transport and on animal- machines were used they were probably in machines of various kinds Although horses are some shed and therelore hidden from view, but used thrs is comparatively small scale in com- at most of the sites there were no sheds! At parison with the variety of other animals em- every site the green bricks were laid out in the ployed. lt is noticeable that despite the years of open to pre-dry-one advantage of having a the British Raj there was no evidence of the rain{ree climate for long periods of the year. padded horse collar and all the horses seen Since there was usually only one layer of bricks were harnessed using a breast band. The ani- the pre-drying process covered a considerable most seen at work were oxen area There was an opportunity to observe mals frequently Feeding cotton into a gin, made by Platt Brothers & Co operations at a brickmaking site close to the They were being driven around circular track- oi Oldham and dated 1905; Bodeli gin mill (Gutarat), ways to operate edge rollers for preparing clay road between Dharwad and Haliyal As one Jor brickmaking, for crushing stone and with man dug the clay, using a mattock, others are left in the clamp until they are required for wooden frame 'rollers'for separating grain from brought up water from a nearby stream and use so that the clamp remains, through its grad- stalks of some cereal crops. tipped it in the hole. The fellow paddled in this ual demolition, for a considerable time. wlth his bare feet as he continued to chop out For most of the area visited, water lifting for MANUFACTURING inigation by oxen involved them walking down the clay, so carrying on the function of a pug- of goods on a small scale can be an inclrne to pull a rope taken over a pulley and mill Periodically the semiJluid material was Production pile easily seen in India since it is usually carried on down to a leather bag in a well. Once the water scooped out of the hole and added to the piles in the open by the side of the road or in open- had been emptied from the bag into a distribu- by each of the two brickmakers The were Even activities needing a tion channel at the top of the well, the oxen had covered with cloths to retain the moisture as the fronted buildings ropemaking, are carried to walk backwards up the incline to lower the sun was shining all day, even in January. The large space, such as public places and at Ramdurg, between bag down into the well ready for the next lift. brickmakers worked in teams of three. One was on in and Goa, this was in the crowded main Sometimes a single animal was used, more a woman, resplendent in brightly coloured Badami are employed in the often two side by side and in one case three saree, who took the clay from the pile worked it thoroughfare Children do the tedious work al- abreast were used to pull up two leather bags. up into very nearly the right amount before majority of cases to to do most of the Jetch- Around Udaipur a different type of water lifting passing it to the moulder He threw it into a though women seemed and nearly always on their device was in use, the oxen walking continu- wooden mould having a bottom with the initials ing and carrying ously around a circular path to drive, by gear- of the company for whom they were working, heads Whilst sites and buildings play so small a part in ing, a chain of earthenware pots to lift the water Atter scraping the excess clay lrom the top of scale activities, there is Jrom the well, There were many examples using the mould he tipped it onto a wooden flat by the small oroduction in style of plant for primitive wooden protrusions meshing with which the third member ot the team carried it to evidence of the change processing as sugar refining In each other but hardly qualifying Jor the term the pre-drying rows Apart Jrom this third mem- industries such growing area around Ramdurg there gearing Others had iron gearing although the ber, the other two carried on their work from the the sugar of buildings each having larger gear was of the peg type. Some were out squatting position to which reference has been were several clusters over large diameter of use where the water was being raised by made previously, so that there was no other an open fronted building pans with squat cor- small centrifugal pumps driven either by elec- equipment or artefact on the site other than the but shallow opentopped ved tapering sided chimney. Further north, the tric motors or by smalloil engines brick moulds, flats, mattocks and water- carrying vessels This site was one of about five older style refineries had a row of small cane BRICKMAKING in close proximity to each other, and the con- boilers, each with its own tall metal chimney Brickworks abound in India or perhaps brick- struction of the clamp for firing the bricks had protruding through the roof of the open sided making srtes would be a better term since in not started. Some of the other clamps under long shed A visit to a modern refinery, oper- many instances there are no permanent build- construction and the clamp which was burning ated by a cooperative between Aurangabad ings, structures or machinery Reference has stood in isolation, the other brick making activi- and Ajanta-more famous for its caves than its already been made to the circualr trough kilns ties having moved to another site The burnt industrial archaeology-provided a contrast of the Delhi-Agra-Jaipur area The troughs were clamp, standing on its own, was quite a com- between very modern plant engineering and approximately 60' [18m] mean diameter, the mon sight giving the impression that the bricks the older ways of handling material. Although

2 One of the grinding stone cutting establishments Pumps on a system built to Wilson's patent by Nas- along Strand Road, Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Note that myth & Co, Manchester, to provide hydraulic power for there is no use of work holding devices apart from the the baling press at Bodeli cotton gin mill (Gujarat) ground and their own limbs most of the sugar cane was delivered by lorry, into huge white heaps-so white in the Indian rl,) ,' some came by oxen-hauled carts. Women sun that it was disconcerting to the eye. From t\\- .t-' worked barefoot on the raw cane moving along the heaps the cotton was taken in large shallow \A) a conveyor feeding the upto-date processing baskets on men's heads into the gin itself. \ .HINA ar'-|\ plant and after the produced sugar had been PAKISTAN a) There were two lines of gins, manufactured by .) automatically bagged into sacks these were t/ by Platts of Oldham and carrying the date (- lifted, one at a time by six sweating men onto I oeut 1905. They were fed by women sitting on top of ,-, .,t . \__\ the back of another man who ran about 20 ,t IMATHURA -'--- the machines Cotton dust was everywhe- ') "i:w 44"'F," yards [18m] and up an inclined plank to load it '1 .'iAJMER SIKRI re-no extraction plant thought necessary RANAKPUR / onto a lorry. here. After separating out the seeds, which ---) Troo,"ut The oldest example of the physical evidence of were put in piles to await transport to the oil manutacturing activity was that associated with press, mills, the cotton was baled in a hydraulic '7 CHOTA UDAIPUR the cannon{ounding in the old Jaigarh Fort, by Richardsons, for which the hydraulic power DABHOI TDUHLE overlooking Amber, a short distance from Jai- came from a system built to Wilsons patent by l...slLLoo ?lunlNelelo pur. The fort is high up in the hills and displays Nasmyth & Co, Manchester. the largest wheeled cannon ever made-a printing are Weaving and hand-block of fabric . SHOLAPUR magnificent weapon, disappointingly displayed carried on in many regions of India even though .BIJAPUR under a low metal canopy The cannon was only a few places have a reputation lor a par- made in the foundry in the fort and one can only ticular type There is also a problem in that fi'^?i?fy' guess at the labour needed to bring up the raw many so-called factories are merely places to materials to this height. There does not seem to demonstrate the techniques to attract tourists in be much evidence of the foundry itself although and persuade them to purchase from the shop a number of foundry tools are exhibited. Many which is the main concern of the proprietors, of these were unusual but interpretative often selling products made elsewhere. As an material was lacking. Still in situ is the man- example, a small building by the road between powered cannon boring machine Men turned Jaipur and Amber claimed to be premises for a capstan, the vertical shaft of which extended hand-block printing and carpet weaving The down into the space below the platform on latter was done by a young boy working at THE TUSICAL TUSEUT gearing which the men walked. Wooden con- amazing speed whilst the visiting party This museum, established by Frank Holland, nected the vertical caostan shaft to the hori- watched-he obviously gets plenty of practice originally as a piano museum, is now celebrat- zontal shaft turning cannon. Although for the at this-but he stopped as soon as the party ing the 25th anniversary of its toundation at point attachment for the the capstan and the of went into the shop and started buying On Brentford. A Silver Jubilee Appeal for funding a ground not cannon are visible at level it was another occasion, this time in Aurangabad, the move to new oremises has been launched. possible to see the gearing below but a rather guide took the party in the evening to the'Him- BATH II{DUSTBIAL IIERITAGE CEI{TRE crude model was very helpful in showing the roo Hand-loom Weaving Factory'. Because it arrangement. was evening, perhaps all that could be The Centre houses a reconstruction of the TEXTILES expected was just a demonstration of silk- shop, offices and workshop of the aerated Activities seen relating to textile manufacture weaving and an invitation to purchase wares water manufactory of J B Bowler who set up in in Bath in 1872 The firm continued ranged from a cotton gin mill with heavy from the shop-and for which the guide would business years. machinery to weaving and hand-block printing get his commission for leading the party there. under his family's control Jor 97 The premises on virtually a craft scale. The cotton gin at Bo- Nevertheless there were about eight looms, all material was moved from the original deli (in Gujerat between Dabhoi and Chota set up with the working portions covered as in Corn Street to Camden Works, Julian Road. include the Bath Udaipur) was one oJ ten owned by a Bombay would be expected to protect the silk until work Other displays story of Stone industrialist Ox-carts brought the raw cotton started next morning. The shuttles passed The Centre is open daily 2.00-5.00PM from from the fields and at the mill were unloaded through the warp at no more than a foot above February to November and for the same hours floor level so that there was a hole in the tloor on Saturday and Sunday during December and beneath each loom for the treadles to ooen or January. Enquiries: A 0225 318348. close the shed in the warp The operator sat on THEBOATtUSEUt, the edge of the hole with his feet in the pit to ELLESTERE POFT work the treadles. Not seeing inside other The former Shropshire Union Canal Company 'hand-loom factories' it is not possible to say icebreaker Marbury which was built in 1888, whether this was common practice. has been relaunched followino extensive resto- CONCLUSION ration The toregoing are only a few of the wealth of TIIE I{ATIOI{AL WATERWAYS items in India of interest to industrial archaeolo- TUSEUT gists The romance of the Indian railway system To be officially opened by rnH The Prince of is well-known Road transoort has its fascina- Wales on August 5, the Museum will ofler late tion in the lorries, nearly all of the same size but opening on selected days during the summer decorated highly individualistic manner in a months, remaining open until 9.00eu on August flowers, elaborate lettering and geo- -painted 3, 1 6 and 25 and September 6. metric patterns,with a similarity to canal boat A major working exhibit is the Fielding diesel painting in England Even visits centu- to the engine restored by the Gloucestershire Engine ries-old forts and palaces offer industrial arch- Preservation Society. The engine, built by Field- aeological interest because water supply has ing and Platt of Gloucester, originally drove a always been a problem and there are 'tanks' generating set at the Quenington factory of (man-made reservoirs) such Krishk-i- as in Godwin Pumps lt has been placed in a new Feroz in Delhi. at Fatehour Sikri and Badami building in the Museum's replica canal main- famous for the echoes trom the sur- -now tenance yard and will be run on Sundays and rounding hills of the sound from women beating special occasions by members of the Society out their dirty clothes against the steps of the dam. Presumably there were Victorian pump- WALSALL LEAIHER CENTRE ing installations in the larger cities but the only This working museum, depicting tanning, the one seen was the Love Lane Pumping Station in work of the currier and horse collar and saddle Bombay and that looked as if it was being making, is located at 56/57 Wisemore, Walsall. v2 Adminiskative building at Victoria Terminus, Bombay, demolished Even in India things do not survive Opening hours are Tuesday to Saturday and Penin- formerly the headquarters of the Great Indian for ever. Bank Holidays, 10 00 to 5 00Pt\,1, and Sundays Railway, by of bamboo sula embraced scaffolding Geoffrev Starmer 12.001o5 00pu Enouiries: I Walsall 721153. poles lashed together with rope purposes. Two sets of Pearn three throw pumps complete the historical picture. FTREFOOL PUilP|NG STAT|O]{, TAUI{TON, SOTEBSET For many years SIAS has been pressing for an industrial museum in Somerset and, although not ideal, Firepool Pumping Station is the last ao1 | industrial building of any size left in Taunton that might become available and could be used in this way. British Bail Properties Board was = approached and gave both cooperation and Reteryoit encouragement. SIAS members were allowed access to the building and a working party cleared out rubbish, repaired internal stairs and removed surrounding vegetation so that local councillors and Somerset Libraries and Museums Committee could insoect the build- I ing in safety. A feasibility study was under- 6 taken, and an outline plan tor an Industrial Heritage Centre was drawn up giving C124,000 as the estimated cost of renovating the build- 1887 edition 25" Ordnance Survev ing, carrying out external works and setting up a museum. At the request of the County In early 1986 members of Somerset Industrial Museums Officer the project was incorporated Archaeology Society became concerned for in a discussion document showing how Fire- the Julure ot the derelict Firepool Pumping Sta- pool fitted in with other strategic lA sites in the Canal frontage showing the limekilns from the 1840s tion that once served Taunton station, and the This study, in the form o'f Firepool and with the pumping house and water tank superim- county. Society began an active campaign to save the posed Somersel's lndustrial Heritage, was submitted building and to find an appropriate use for it to the County and Borough Councils The area in which the pumping station is sited engines and pumps were installed in a re-con- The overall scheme was not accepted as the has a recorded industrial history dating back to structed pumping station which remained in building and site were thought too small for a medieval times when the River Tone powered service until the 1960s, when the withdrawl of museum representing the whole county How- grist and fulling mills The 18th century saw steam and the contraction of the railway net- ever, the attention SIAS drew to the building, improvements in the river navigation and work made it redundant and the case made for its preservation, gener- barges plied between the port of Bridgwater The pumping station itself is an architectural ated interest and sparked off ideas. At the time and the wharves on the Tone at Taunton's Town collage. At its base are two lias-built limekilns, of writing it seems that the building will be Bridge. But its importance increased with the one with its original drawing chamber and saved to begin a new phase in its existence. Industrial Revolution and the greater need for grate Though once common features in Taun- There is a scheme which aims to create a quay transport and communications. The Bridgwater ton Deane, most limekilns have been destroyed and slipway and moorings on the canal, and to & Taunton Canal (1827) and the Grand Western and an example in an urban setting provides a turn the tirst floor of the building into a res- Canal (1838) connected with the Tone at Fire- rare opportunity for the public to study an taurant for the families and enthusiasts pool, and there was access to the Chard Canal accessible examole. The external brickwork attracted to the canal and waterside. At ground from the Bridgwater & Taunton at Creech St Mi- above the kilns was supplied by William Tho- ele- .1842 level will be an lA exhibit explaining the chael about 372 miles to the south east. ln mas of Poole, West Buckland, now Steetly ments of the building set in the context of the the Bristol & Exeter Railway reached Taunton Bricks, the only surviving brick works of its kind railway, the local canal system and the various and a coal and culm wharf was set uo, with a in the country the bricks are a reminder of the Bridgwater Docks developments The reno- pair of limekilns near by. Water-borne traflic engineering quality of the local Keuper marl vation of Firepool Pumping Station will be declined and the railway, which had purchased clay. The work above the eastern kiln with floor- another notable step towards the completion of the Bridgwater & Taunton Canal in 1866, ing strengthened by Barlow rail recycled from a leisure lacility based on the Bridgwater & needed more and more water to service the the Broad Gauge era, appears to be part of the Taunton Canal which is once more navigable various deoartments at Taunton station. A hot hot air engine house, while the water tank top- from end to end, thanks to the efforts of the air engine house was built on top of the lime- ping the whole building dates trom the days of lWA, British Waterways Board and the various kilns and the old coal and culm wharf was the Bristol & Exeter Railway and is a reminder of local authorities, and will complement activities converted to a reservoir ln 1877 a 63,400 gal- the time when Taunton was a busy railway sta- at the Bridgwater end where access from the lon wrought iron water tank was put on top of tion and depot needing large quantities of canal to the dock complex will be restored the building, and in 1889 replacement steam water for locomotives and manv other essential during 1988. Ann Ronan

In March, the annual Affiliated Societies'Week- end was held in lronbridge where more than 40 delegates represented 15 societies. There was lively discussion during all the sessions, with topics including publicity, co-operation with mainstream archaeologists, award schemes, and the value of computers to local lA groups. Next year's weekend will be from 14 to 16 April.

Provisional details will be mailed shortly, and I hope that as many members of local societies as oossible will attend this informal occasion which provides opportunities of discussion with other groups as well as hearing talks on rel- evant subjects Put this date in your diary now *S j! I hope that I shall meet many of you at the AIA ,. Conference in Swansea. Please send your society news, profiles and 4 suggestions for topics for future weekends; my address is 13 Bromley Road, Midanbury, Southampton, Hants SO2 2AA Pam Moore One of the Pearn three throw pumps still rn situ Its excellent illustrations should encourage par have launched a fund raising campaign to ticipation in the Society's Glouestershlre Soctety lor Industrlat Arch- surveying and record- complete the restoration of the Birdham to Chi- ing activities. chester length of the former Portsmouth anlogy Joumal: 1987. 72pp lSsN 0260 1 420 to The Journal may be obtained from NWSIAH cio Arundel Navigation. The last issue under the editorshio of Christo- Liverpool Museum, William Brown Street, Liver- pher Cox and a very interesting, produced well pool, L3 8EN for 82.50 plus postage. NIAS Joumal Vol 13, Part2 (Nottingham iournal too. A contribution by M J Hoy on the Industrial Archaeology Society, March 19gg). Stonehouse and Nailsworth Railway details the BIAS JoumalVolume 20 1988. 1 1 pp lssN 0143 0297 . promotion of the line by local woollen clothiers, A well produced volume under the new Edi- This contains a contribution on Mechanics Insti- its history from opening in 1867, its subsequent torship of Robin Stiles. His stated aim was to tutes with particular reference to the one in extension, and closure in 1966. Much of the line focus on a principal subject but with a wide Nottingham. There is a recording report on the now forms the Stroud Valley Cycle Trail and variety of techniques of analysis and source Cliff Mill at Gonalston on the Dover Beck, prob- most of the bridges survive as well as material. The chosen topic was the Somerset ably the Lowdham Mill refened to in A Memoir Nailsworth Station and Jones' warehouse near Coal Canal, parts of which have recenfly been of Robert Blincoe. The former lace tenement Egypt Mill. cleared and recorded by Avon lndustrial Build- factory in Beeston, built in 1886 and sub- lan Standing's article on the Industrial Heritage ing Trust. Mike Chapman has conducted a sequently occupied by Myford Ltd, the lathe of Bixhead and Bixslade in the Forest of Dean cartographical survey of the Coal Canal, using makers, has been demolished; the firm still not only lists lA sites in the area but describes a variety of early maps and relating them to field occupies adjacent single storey buildings. the fight GSIA and other bodies are waging evidence The records made during the survey against proposals for further refuse dumping in have been entered on the Avon County SMR, South West Wales lndustrial Archaeology the old quarries there. The first part of a contrib- and the article provides an admirable model for So€;lety Bulletin: 47 (April 1988) ution on Brimscombe Steamboat Builders uo to similar recording work. Robin Stiles himself has Through a transcript of a letter from one Tho- 1900 shows them to be famous world-wide written for about the Somerset Coal Combination, a mas Glazebrook of Tewkesbury, dated 17 Nov- the quality of group their small steamboats. Other of local coal owners using the canal who ember 1784, DCMorrison is appealing for contributions concern three roads were the main accused of operating a price ring. John information concerning an engine built for water through Painswick, the former Broome Albion Inn at attempts to locate the tucking mill near pumping at Penrice Castle. The Genwen Coalway and the acquisition by the Stroud Midford which was the home of the geologist Engine House at Bynea, Llanelli, built about Preservation Trust of the former toll at William house Smith, at one time engineer during the 1806, has been reprieved from demolition and Cairnscross tor renovation. construction of the canal. The third oart of H E CADW is to recommend a restoration Dro- Dommett's article on Nailsea and the tlorth Wesbrn Wlety lor lndustrlal Arch- Glas- gramme for the pumphouse which became dis- works examines the period 1840-1873 and nology and Hlstory Joumal:4 (1987). 54pp used in 1908. Neath Borough Council is concludes an excellent issue. 39ill [2.50 rsBN 0 906367 28 X carrying out work at Neath Abbey lronworks to protect The Editorial poses the question as to whether Suftolk Industrlal Archaeology Society the blast furnaces from further deterio- ration. the Society wants to produce a Journal in the lterysretterNo 21 (April 1988) future, the answer should be an emphatic 'yes!' This issue includes the first oart of a Conctensatlon No 50 (Westonzoyland Engine Local society journals take some gathering to- supplement on Brick Kilns in Suffolk comoiled Trust, May 1988) gether journal but the NWSIAH sub-committee by C J Pankhurst which gives map references Short articles are included by Keith Hopper on should be proud of this production with its va- and details of their users. Easton, Amos and riety of contributions and quality of illustrations. Anderson, the steam engine manufacturers and on There are six articles including 'The Rise and Sussex Industrial Archaeology Soctety John George Appold, a London engineer 1 Fall of Toolmaking in Lancashire', 'The Indus- flewslellerNo 58 (April 1988) tssN 0263 516X. born in 800. trial Development of Garston' and on the Man- A note on the rapidly disappearing cast iron, ALSO RECEIVED chester Dock at Liverpool, completed in 1813. concrete and aluminium telephone kiosks is Exeter lndustrial Archaeology Group Bulletin Railways in Liverpool provide the topic for two included. Metal headstones in the county are No 41 (May 1988). contributions, growth one on the of the Dock discussed by Tony and Mary Yoward. There is Hampshire Mills Group Newsletter No 5 and Railways and the other on the Bramley-Moore a short article on the surviving pumphouse at No 6. High Level Coal Railway. However pride of Luxfords Farm, East Grinstead where the GLIAS NewsletterNo 115 and No 116. place must go to Roy Foreshaw's article, roundhouse for a horse engine driven pump is Yorkshire Archaeology Society, lndustrial His- 'Measured Surveying of Buildings and Land'. being restored. The Chichester Canal Society tory Section NewsletterNo 27.

I{EWS FFOf, BRITISII WATERWAYS Steflordrhlrc & Worccrtcrrhirr Ganal OTHER PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED Aire & Calder l{avigatlon The Sow aqueduct near Tixall has been re- Tyne and Wear Museum Service The Listed Stanley Ferry Aqueduct, which was stored by BWB staff. A new concrete trough Publications opened in 1839 and taken was cast within the original stone structure and out of use following Recent publications include The River Wear, a the construction the stonework repaired using stone from the of a new concrete aqueduct in pictorial survey from Biddick to the river mouth, 1981 has original quarry at Tixall. The CPRE has made a , been deteriorating. Refurbishment of exceptional value at t1 .80, and Railways of the unusual bow merit award to BWB Northwich area for the arch-suspended trough aque- Sunderland, by Neil Sinclair which includes duct has been restoration. financed by English Heritage. numerous illustrations and excellent maos and There proposals Stratfold Ganel are for a waterside leisure is priced at t3.25 Tom Corfe has edited lhe complex nearby The lift bridge No 26 on the North Stratford buildings of Sunderland, 1 81 4- I 940 which tol Canal near Hockley Heath has now been fitted Hertlord Unlon Ganal lows the development of different types of for hydraulic operation; the old hand winch An environmental scheme has been funded by building and traces local architects, Drice which wound lifting chains has been recon- the London Borough of Tower Hamlets for the t1 .25. A Guide to the River fyne pointing out ditioned and remains rn sifu. improvement of the 1 5 mile canal, also known many buildings of interest is priced at €1 .00 Bridgewtter as Duckett's Canal, which links the Regent's Ganal These publications may be obtained trom Tyne The Canal to the Lee Navigation. The length in- Grocers Warehouse, Castle Street, Man- & Wear Museum Services, Blandford House, cludes three locks, lockside cottages, two chester and its sunoundings were opened to Blandford Square, Newcastle-upon-Tyne the public last Easter Listed bridges at Gunmaker's Lane and Parnell after restoration which NE1 4JA; postage and packing is extra. Road and several timber loading wharves. included the reinstatement of the waterwheel Fortdyke l{avlgetlon and lifting gear. CLEVEDOII PIER Several environmental improvements have Glouccster Dockr English Heritage and the National Heritage been made and landing stages provided on The burnt out shell of the Britannia Warehouse Memorial Fund have contributed 8274,000 to this navigation built by the Romans c12OAD to has now been demolished but a new building rebuild the Victorian pier at Clevedon, near connect the rivers Witham and Trent. At Sax- will be erected to resemble the original Listed Bristol. The structure partly collapsed during ilby, a footbridge originally provided by the warehouse The Kimberley and Philpotts ware- tests in 1970. The pier, with its eight 100,spans $ Great Northern Railway at Newark in 1883, then houses are to be linked by glass structures and and head with three cast iron oavilions was moved to Claypole in 1983, has now been re- converted to shopping mall, public house and opened in 1869. The ironwork was fabricated erected across the Fossdyke. offices. by the Hamilton lronworks, Liverpool. age of 84 of Frank Wilkinson, the scythemaker mantled and removed for preservation One who was born at the hamlet. He worked there engine has gone to the Forncett Industrial the other to the SCOTLAND until it closed and continued to demonstrate his Steam Museum in Norfolk and Technology at The two Dredge bridges in Inverness were skills to countless visitors on working days after new Leicestershire Museum of damaged during dismantling and this may ren- it re-opened as a museum. Snibston Colliery, Coalville. the der their re-erection on Forestry Commission Shetfield's new City Centre Plan includes some Friar's or Donisthorpe's Mill, Lelcester on undergone land impossible. Scotland's last sugar refinery encouraging proposals including a further banks of the River Soar has recently machinery manufacturers, Smith'Mirrless' industrial conservation area on the lines of the extensive restoration Several later additions fa- were closed in February 1988 and are now one around Kelham lsland ln addition a policy have been removed and the fine riverside 19th century worsted doing sub-contact work. The firm, now owned of archaeological investigation of city centre cade of this Listed early by Tate and Lyle, used to make as much as sites before redevelopment and the creation of mill can now be fullY appreciated Peter Neaverson 80% o{ the world's sugar refinery plant. a Sheffield Heritage Centre are proposed. The centre was re- The Forth Railway Bridge has its centenary Ponds Forge site near the city SOUTH EAST ENGLAND next year and preparations are in hand for a cently cleared for a new swimming pool; the Among the railway anniversaries which are be- soecial exhibition centre under the bridge on oldest buildings demolished were erected In coming due, a popular Woking 150 festival was the North Queensferry side Elsewhere the Gar- the 1860s by George Senior after the end of held in May to celebrate the arrival of the Lon' den Festival is acting as a drain on other events water oower on the site Senior's gateway has don & South Western Rallway in 1838 and the outside Glasgow, and has totally wasted any been left standing and may be kept as a land- beginnings of the development of the modern industrial archaeological potential The exist mark. The history of water power in The Ponds town of Woking. ence of the Festival has opened up the massive goes back at least to the 16th century' but The request tor information on egg vending Govan Graving Docks next doorto intense van- regrettably the site is not to benefit from the new machines, similar to the one at Godalming' dalism, and their tuture looks very grim. policy of archaeological investigation Surrey which was illustrated in the Bulletin 144 Industrial recording and their future has been Although spot-listed by the DOE' the London (Autumn 1987), has produced two responses' put under great pressure because of coal mine Works, Howard Street, a small pre-'1840 saw reporting sightings at Warehead Farm, Hal- closures. Seafield in Fife has already been re- works has been demolished. The Crown Steel naker, West Sussex and in the village of Thri- corded with full British Coal assistance and Works in Sylvester Street, which includes parts plow near Cambridge. attempts are being made to record some of a stove grate foundry built as the Chantrey In the field of recording, Sussex lA Society have Ayrshire pits. Miles Oglethorpe Works in the 1840s, has been demolished of street furniture in Worth' along with part of the adjoining Sylvester completed a survey ing CUMBRIA Works. The Listed early 19th century front wing Water Turbine Trust' which is There is a dearth of hand-made paper and the has been kept but the developers have now The Godalming a large Macadam-Fourneyron tur- mills to manufacture same in Britain. A modern applied for its demolition to improve access conserving from a paper mill, has issued its paper-making company at Beetham near Miln- and parking; the Sheffield Trades Historical bine of c1869 pro- first Newsletter Interest is extending to other thoee, in southern Cumbria, is, however' Society is opposing this. turbines in Suney A list has beeri obtainecl posing to put on an exhibition to celebrate this Also in Sheffield,Joseph Pickering & Sons Ltd' from Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon Ltd of Kendal ot year's 500th anniversary of paper making in the cardboard box manufacturers, are moving from installations in the county and several UK their Moore Street works after 120 years. A the firm's have been inspected' including a Heron cornmill was recently renovated so that proposal has been made for demolition but the turbines complete example by W. Gunther & Sons of corn could once again be ground at this 250 Listed ltalian Renaissance terracotta facade' Oldham, probably 1893, at Oxted Mill year old mill. Henry Cooke, papermaKers' are added in 1908 as part of a steel framed exten- river and were one on the opoosite bank of the sion, will be kept on one corner of the proposed SERIAC 88, the 6th annual South East Region which of the founders of the Beetham Trust new office block Derek Bavliss Industrial Archaeology Conference, was held at Cooke would renovated the mill Messrs Henry the University of Surrey, Guildford on March 12 WALES like to create a Paper Museum next to the corn- and hosted by the Surrey Industrial History possible was held mill and with sufficient backing it is The Welsh Mines Society Weekend Group in collaboration with the University's that an actual hand-making process could be in the Devil's Bridge area on June 11 -12 and a Educational Studies Dept The meeting has been David Bick and re-started and an appeal for 150,000 party of about 70, led by achieved a record attendance of about 230' a should be Llwyngwyddel and Llwynl- launched with this aim. Donations George Hall, visited third of whom joined in the programme of visits Heron Cornmill, Bee- reaching the Esgair Mwyn sent to Mr Mcgregor at lwyd Mines before on the following daY. tham and in addition artefacts and memorabilia Mine where the Elenith Mining Company are The theme, Extractive Industries, was intro- The exhi- to recover lead and for the museum would be welcomed. processing dump material duced by Peter Robinson in a talk on the geo- moclern paper- party then visited Temple Mine bition, which will also concern zinc ores. The logy and mineral resources of SE England The pur- Rheidol. The AGM and making, will be opened for educational on the banks of the next two lectures, by Jeremy Hodgkinson on the Wood- poses M Davies-shiel members slide shows were held at Wealdon lron and Richard Williams on Lime- On Sunday' lands Hotel at Devil's Bridge kilns, both covered a long time span and Eliza- YORKSHIRE & HUMBERSIDE led the group to the Cwmyst- Simon Timberlake beth Eames dealt particularly with the medieval opencast The Yorkshire illning Museum at Caphouse wyth mine where recently excavated period in her talk on Tiles and Tilemaking. Rod visited 15008C for copper colliery has now opened and can be workings, begun around Le Gear sooke on Chalk and Sand Mines, with Year's Day, later dressing mill' daily, except Christmas and New ore, were visited. The oarticular reference to dene holes, with which groups recent trom 10.00AM to 5.00PM Visitors, in of erected in 1898, was also viewed but many subsequent suburban housing develop- metre shaft, placed the structure in jeopardy. not more than 15, descend the 140 vandalism has ments are riddled Finally Paul Sowan, in a talk Neaverson sunk in 1791, in cages and are guided round Peter on Stone Quarrying Underground,described the workings and pit bottom displays by a team the extensive quarries of east Surrey which of ex-miners EAST MIDLANDS have recently been surveyed and photogra- Otley Council, West Yorkshire, and British Rail, Clay Mills Preservation Group which has been phed by Subterranea Britannica and others. have launched an appeal for 810,000 to repair Jormed to restore the 1885 sewage pumping Four sites were visited, starting with Swallow's the monument in Otley churchyard which was station at Burton upon Trent has been offered Tile Works at Cranleigh where a flourishing as a memorial to the 23 men who died built a 99 year lease by the Severn Trent Water business is still carried on making roof tiles during the construction of Bramhope Railway Authority. The station possesses four Woolf entirely by hand. The party then visited Betch- Tunnel in 1845-49 The monument takes the compound engines, built by Gimson of Leices- worth Chalk Pits and the associated lime kilns lorm of a miniature replica of the castellated ter, paired in two houses, separated by the which include examDles of rare Dietzch kilns entrance to the tunnel. boiler house. There are also several other small Both archaeological and natural history organ- proposals to ensure the Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet in Sheffield has engines used for pumping and generating isations are involved in The next visit was to the been awarded a plaque under the Institute of power on the site. Interested members should future of this site. staff of 6 Mechanical Engrneers' Heritage Hallmark contact Dave Wombwell, Bank House, Milltown, Fuller's Earth workings at Nutlield where led a tour of current ancl Scheme, in recognition of lts watecpowered tilt Ashover, Chesterfield S45 0HB. Laoorte Industries pits the processing plant. Finally hammers and crucible steel melting shop We At Hopwas Pumping Station belonging to the reclaimed and most enjoyable underground visit are sorry to record the death in March at the South Staffordshire Waterworks Company, two there was a to the Godstone Stone Quanies to see part ot SOUTH WEST ENGLAND T{ATIOI{AL STOI{E CENTRE the seven miles of working in the Main series, The 20 mile Newquay branch from Par on the Stone is represented in numerous aspects ot led by members of Subterranea Britannica and Cornish main line to the county's one real hol- our everyday life. lt has been calculated that Unit 2 Cave Research and Exploration Next iday resort has seen fluctuating fortunes over each of us, in one way or another, will make use yea/s SERIAC will be hosted in Sussex by the the years. Originating in two small mineral tram- of 350 tonnes of it in our lifetime For a number Amberly Chalk Pits Museum on 11-12 March ways built by local entrepreneur J TTreffry in of years there have been plans to provide a and the theme will be Museums. the 1840s, the line in its present form was built central point of reference for the stone industry Glenvs Crocker by the Cornwall Minerals Railway, and opened in the form of a National Stone Centre in a 50 WEST OF ENGLAND in 1874. With the collapse of mining, goods acre complex of 6 abandoned limestone quar- traffic was to be replaced by 'trippers', the ries at Wirksworth in Derbyshire, purchased in Steam Tug Mayflower, 1861 as spectacular cliff scenery at the tiny fishing and May 1984 (see Bulletin 13:1, Winter 1985). At In 1981 Bristol Industrial Museum acquired its mineral harbour of Newquay became appre- last, after much preparatory work, the Centre as first (and, so far, only)ship. Mayflowerlhadbeen ciated, towards the end of the last century As an educational charity has been established as built in Bristol in 1861 at the shipbuilding works the principle GWR line to the north coast of a company limited by guarantee. The site will of Stothert & Marten in Hotwells, at that time the Cornwall, the Paddington publicity machine be developed as a major focus for the display only iron shipbuilders in the city She was one promoted this part of the 'Cornish Riviera' and and interpretation of geological and environ- of five similar vessels built tor the Gloucester & the large hotels which had sprung Even mental aspects, and the past and present roles Berkeley Canal Co in the 1860s and 1870s. up after the last war '15 carriage holiday specials of the quarrying and processing of stone. In After a working life of over 100 years, she was would wind their way up the old mineral line, addition, the site and surrounding area is of sold for scrap in 1967, but remained moored in double-headed with an additional push from immediate interest to the geologist, industrial Gloucester until purchased by the Museum, behind for the 1 in 37 climb up the Luxulyan archaeologist, and natural historian, with splen- each of her owners over this period intending to valley, under Tretfry's magnificent viaducV did opportunities for inter-disciplinary studies. restore her but lacking the wherewithal. aqueduct Site development begins in mid-1988. The first Uoon her return to Bristol, a team of volunteers Following many years of diesel units working stage will cost e500,000, half of which will be set about restoring Mayflowerto working order, the branch, this summer British Rail have intro- spent on site works and landscaping as part of and to the typical appearance of a mid-19th duced through trains, Saturdays only, which a grant-aided Derelict Land Reclamation century tug, of which type she is the only give the unusual experience of travelling up an Scheme. lt is planned that the main works, example. Although basically complete, she had historic mineral line in the comfort of a 725. Six access facilities, landscaping, trails, external been stripped of the maiority of her brass and trains each way include direct services to Glas- exhibits, machinery and workshops, will be copper piping and was generally a very sorry gow, Manchester, Leeds and, of course, Lon- develooed in order to receive visitors in 1989 sight Six years and e30,000 later, she steamed don lt is a single-line, except for a stretch at Grants towards the initial e250,000 will come again on 19 September 1987, and has since Bugle where the remaining china clay branch from the Countryside Commission, Tourist revisited Gloucester for the opening of the lines join, and so is worked as two single-line Boards, the Nature Conservancy Council, the National Wateruays Museum. sections On a recent journey from Newquay Development Commission, local authorities, Now the oldest tug in the world, the oldest one of the numerous stops was therefore made and, it is hoped, from a wide range of concerns Bristol-built ship afloat and the oldest self-pro- amongst the clay works, where we met another involved in the industry. A promotional bro- pelled ship in the British lsles, Mayflower is 125, the down Atlantic Coasl Express which chure sets out the details in order to assist in based in Bristol City Docks outside Bristol was also halted, while the formalities of ex- gaining the support which is still needed to Industrial Museum She will steam in the Docks changing the single-line token took place under carry the project foruvard regularly, carrying passengers, on weekends the supervision of the signalman at Goonbar- The project Coordinator is lan Thomas, who during the summer, and will make a return visit row Junction Box ls there anywhere can be contacted at the National Stone Centre, to Gloucester in August Enquiries about else where 725s penetrate such former mineral lines, or is Ravenstor Road, Wirksworth, Derbyshire steaming dates or about helping to run her this in fact unique ? DE4 4FR A 062982 4833. He would like to should be addressed to Andy King, Bristol John Stengelhofen hear from anyone who is interested in the his- Industrial Museum, Princes Wharf, City Docks, tory of the stone industry or can provide infor- Bristol BS1 4RN, A 0272299771. Joan Dav mation about old equipment, historical source material, or photographs COUNCILFOR past few years, however, the threat to these Derek Brumhead BBITISH ARCHAEOLOGY structures has been more fully appreciated. -POLTCY Or{ TilSTORtC FARil BUILDIl'GS The formation in 1985 of the Historic Farm Buildings Group was a vital step forward, and a At their January meeting, the CBA approved a number of regional surveys-for example in EUBOPAI{OSTRA policy document, prepared by their Historic Norfolk and Hampshire-are in progress As The Birmingham City Centre Canal Walk project Buildings Committee, on the subject ot historic the paper notes, some local authorities now has been awarded the Diploma of Merit by farm buildings, and how their preservation and provide guidance to owners intending to adapt Europa Noska. The 1.5 mile walk between Gas detinition should be approached. redundant agricultural buildings for other uses. Street Basin and Aston Junction oasses 13 The document begins by offering a definition The CBA document concludes that 'conversion locks Buildings may generally be deemed to -'Farm of farm buildings to some use which respects LLOYD'S BAI{K AWABDS FOR cover the purely agricultural buildings of the the envelope and the interior volume is perhaps INDEPENDENT ABGIIAEOLOGISTS farmstead'. lt goes on to list the structures eli- to be preferred to one which breaks up the Three industrial archaeological projects were gible for inclusion, such as barns, granaries, interior completely, hides the structure and re- included in this year's awards, made at the pigsties, stables etc. The next section deals quires a large number of new openings' This is Society of Antiquaries on March 23 Of the eight with the question of the anangement of build- certainly the ideal to aim for, but it has to be equipment awards presented by Andrew Sel- ings, and of whether a farmstead is all the same said, that when the only alternatives are a less kirk, Ed itor of C u r rent Archaeology, tw o were Ior age, or if it contains buildings of various dates. than ideal conversion or demolition, it may be lA: Leicestershire Industrial History Society tor It is pointed out that such factors affect eligi- necessary to be pragmatic in approach to- the purchase of equipment for their work on bility for Listing, as indeed do the materials wards proposals for re-use. Every week, appli- limekilns at Calke Abbey, and Laurie Draper for used in construction cations for the conversion of farm buildings publication of his work on twentieth century iron The second half of the policy document is arrive; I would argue that unless the design is mines on the lsle of Raasay. The lA section of devoted to possible adaptive re-uses of farm very extreme, it is often better to permit adapta- Derbyshire Archaeological Society won one ol buildings, and the problems which arise. Rec- tion rather than lose the building completely. tive dating awards to fund an archeomagnetic ommendations are made concerning what the One point which is not mentioned in the CBA test on their recently excavated 'white coal' kiln CBA regard as preferred uses. More specifi- document, but which is important, is the Information about next year's awards, which cally highlighted, are particular areas of contro- necessity, wherever possible, to undertake at are specifically aimed at voluntary groups and versy in adaptive re-use, such as the problems least a superficial survey, including pho- societies, can be obtained from Miss WinifredT of external openings, and interior sub-divisions. tographs, of any farmstead or building likely to Phillips, Royal Archaeological Institute, ' The paper is to be welcomed; until recently, undergo substantial change. 304 Addison Road, St John's Wood, London farm buildings have tended to be a neglected Pam Moore NWB gEL, area of industrial archaeological study. In the NECIOIII. CORRESPOIIDEI{TS FOR AIA BULLETII' Scptemberf 1988 two additions, below, to the list of NORTHERN ENGLAND STEAX DAYAI{D There are Region3: COTTERCIAL YEHICLE EYEI{T area correspondents published in the February Cumbria: Mary's Park, Windermere' Bulletin, to cover the Northern region. The only M Davies-Sheil, 12 St at Beamish North of England Open Air Cumbria LA23 1AY. area lor which a volunteer is still required to Museum, Stanley, Co Durham. Northumberland, Tyne & Wear, Durham and Cleveland: is the Scptember9-ll 1988 complete our coverage of the country G Muirhead, 3 Barton Court, Seaburn Dene, AIA AXl{ UAL COIIFEREXCE Home Counties (Oxfordshire, Buck- Sunderland, Tyne & Wear, SR6 8PF. at the University College of Swansea with addi- inghamshire, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and tional programme tollowing until Thursday 15 Berkshire) Seotember, ings remaining include engine houses, Scptember l7-le l98a LONDOil Al{D BlRXlNCllAt 150 workshops, kilns and workers' cottages. The Rosedale ltonstone Railway Proiect is planned as a series of small group Gala Weekend at the Birmingham Railway work and the to provide an introduction to practical Museum, Tyseley For details, SAE to the The North Yorks Moors National Park holidays Industrial Archaeology Society have industrial archaeology. Information may be Museum, 670 Waruvick Road, Tyseley, Birming- Cleveland volunteers to help with recording and obtained by sending a SAE to North Yorks ham 81 1 2HL. invited Scptembcr l9-3O t988 conservation work along the length of the for- Moors National Park (Dept.RS), The Old Vicar- IROTBRIDGE TRAIXIXG EICAVATIOil mer ironstone railway in Rosedale. The build- age, Helmsley, York YO7 SBP I1I II{DUSTRIAL ABCIIAEOLOGY Working on a site in the lronbridge Gorge with training in a variety of techniques, the exca- vation will build uoon the success of the two week project organised in 1987. Information from the lronbridge Institute, lronbridge Gorge Museum, lronbridge, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7AW a 095245 2751 Scptember 3O-October 2 | 988 XOTTI]IGIIAT CAilALAND FIYERBOAT FESIIYAL at the Victoria Embankment beside the Trent Navigation in Nottingham. Octobor 7-9 1988 IIISTORIG FART BUILOIXGS GROUPGOIIFEFEIICE at Higham Hall near Keswick. Enquiries to Susan Denyer, National Trust (HFBG), Rothay Road. Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 OJl. October 15 l9Oo EASI TIDLAI{DS IilDUSTRIAL The former workshop buildings in Rosedale,with the old trackbed of the North Eastern Railway sweeping past ARCIIAEOLOGY CO}IFEREilCE them and up towards the head of the Dale at Wigston, Leics Hosted by the Leicestershire Beehive Coke Ovens Eling Tide till Society, theme Framework knitting, to coincide The Industrial Section of the Derbyshire Arch- On National Mills Day, May 1st, the tide mill with the opening of the Bushloe End Frame- .1980 aeological Society has conducted several sur- which was restored in as a working shops. Enquiries to Booking Secretary. a 0533 veys in the last few years of beehive coke ovens museum again entered the endurance mara- 867588. in North Derbyshire. To enable us to evaluate thon and smashed its own record established October2O-2219|18 15 hours 26 min- L'11{DUSTRIE, the ovens which we have surveyed in a national in 1987 The mill worked for PATRIMOIilE DE LA BAI{LIEUE context we would appreciate information on utes within one day which is very close to the at La Courneuve, the ninth national conference any other surviving beehive coke ovens in the optimum eight hours on each tide. The mill is on industrial heritage Enquiries to the Associa- rest of the United Kingdom. We would particu- opened throughout the year from Wednesday tion Banlieue Nord, 38 Avenue de la Republi- larly like to know locations, number of ovens in to Saturday, 10.00Ar/ to 4.00PM; a 0703 que, 93120 La Courneuve, France. the range, present condition and any other 869575 for demonstration times Octobcr 27 1988 information relating to surviving ovens. Please TIIE EARLY DAYS OF TIIE send any information to Mark Sissons, 1 The E1{G | }r E t]atEBNAL COtSUSllOX Cottages, Far Coton, Market Bosworth, Nunea- at the lronbridge Institute Information as ton CV13 OPJ aoove t{EwsFBotrtcctH Xovemberll 1988 AIABulletin II{DUSTBIAL ABCIIAEOLOGY AIA is affiliated to lhe lnternational Committee 0309-0051 ASARCIIAEOLOGY for the Conservation of the lndustrial Heritage tssN At the lronbridge Institute This course will con- and the British delegate is Professor John Har- Edited from the Depariment of History, Lough- sider whether lA is the handmaiden to history or ris. The international secretariat is now estab- borough University, Leicestershire LEI 1 3TU, genuinely part of archaeology Information as lished with Stuart Smith at lronbridge Gorge and published by the Association for lndustrial Archaeology. The AIA was established in 1973 above Museum Trust. International conferences are to promote the study of lndustrial Archaeology llovembor 171988 years; the sixth in September THE OR|Gll{S OF held every three and encourage improved standards of record- t]tDusTBlaL l{ousll{G 1987 was at Leoben in Austria whilst the next ing, research, conservation and publication. lt at the lronbridge Institute. This course will pro- will be in Brussels in 1990. aims to assist and support regional and special- vide a forum to debate the question of where The Council of Europe has arranged a confer- ist survey and research groups and bodies 'Mining a monu- and how specifically industrial forms of housing ence on Engineering Monuments as involved in the Dreseruation of industilal ments, to reprcsent the interests of lndustrial became established Information, as above. Cultural Heritage' at the Bergbau Museum, Bo- chum on 4-11 Seotember 1988. The Portu- Archaeology at national level, to hold confer' GOI{TRIBUTIOI{S FOR TIIE BULLETIl{ guese Industrial Archaeology Society are ences and seminars and to publish the results of research. Further details may be obtained Until further notice all contributions Jor AIA organrsing a week-long course on the history ot from the Membership Secretary, Association September 1989. The Bulletin should be sent to the Editors, Depart- the Glass Industry in for lndustrial Archaeology, The Whartage, lron- ment of History, Loughborough University, conference will commence in Lisbon on the bridge, Telford, Shropshire TFA 7AW, England. Loughborough, Leicestershire LEI 1 3TU. They 17th and then move to Barreiro and Marinha a 095 245 3522 will welcome all items of interest to other mem- Grande, returning to Lisbon on the 23rd; details The views exoressed in this Bulletin are those bers of the Association. may be obtained Jrom the Secretary, Rua Ra- of the authors and not necessarily those of the Copydate: Sept 15 for November Bulletin fael Andrade 1 9, 3'-1 100, Lisboa, Portugal. Association for Industrial Archaeology.

@Asiation for Industrial Archa@logy, August 1988 TWEI\GHEADS PUBLISHING SESr'ICE, CORNWATT