Fish Otoliths from the Paleocene of Denmark
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND BULLETIN 2 · 2003 Fish otoliths from the Paleocene of Denmark Werner Schwarzhans GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT 1 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 2 Keywords Copenhagen, Denmark, new taxa, otoliths, Paleocene (Danian–Selandian), Teleostei. Cover The island of Sjælland, Denmark, and part of Skåne, Sweden. Localities investigated in this bulletin are shown as are some of the otolith species. Design and artist: Erik Morsing, Århus. Werner Schwarzhans Ahrensburger Weg 103, D-22359 Hamburg, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Scientific editor of this volume: Svend Stouge Editorial secretary: Esben W. Glendal Referees: Dirk Nolf, Belgium and Bettina Reichenbacher, Germany Illustrations: Jette Halskov and Stefan Sølberg Digital photographic work: Benny M. Schark Graphic production: Knud Gr@phic Consult, Odense, Denmark Printers: Schultz Grafisk, Albertslund, Denmark Manuscript submitted: 30 June 1997 Final version approved: 10 April 2003 Printed: 8 September 2003 ISBN 87-7871-112-6 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin The series Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin replaces Geology of Denmark Survey Bulletin and Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin. Citation of the name of this series It is recommended that the name of this series is cited in full, viz. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin. If abbreviation of this volume is necessary, the following form is suggested: Geol. Surv. Den. Green. Bull. 2, 94 pp. Available from Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark Phone: +45 38 14 20 00, fax: +45 38 14 20 50, e-mail: [email protected] or Geografforlaget ApS Fruerhøjvej 43, DK-5464 Brenderup, Denmark Phone: +45 63 44 16 83, fax: +45 63 44 16 97, e-mail: [email protected] © Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse (GEUS), 2003 2 Contents Abstract . 7 Introduction . 9 Geological setting . 10 Danian . 10 Selandian . 11 Material and localities . 11 Faunal assemblages . 12 Danian . 12 Selandian . 12 Palaeoecological interpretation . 13 Comparison with other Paleocene otolith assemblages and palaeogeographic interpretation . 15 Danian . 15 Selandian . 16 Paleocene/Eocene boundary . 17 Mo-clay (Upper Thanetian to Lower Ypresian) . 18 Evolutionary interpretation . 20 Category 1: persistent taxa . 20 Category 2: extinct early specialised taxa . 21 Category 3: extinct plesiomorphic taxa . 21 Category 4: ‘missing links’ . 21 Stratigraphic significance . 22 Systematic taxonomy . 22 Repository . 25 Taxonomic description . 25 Order Elopiformes Greenwood et al. 1966 . 26 Family Pterothrissidae Gill 1893 . 26 Genus Pteralbula Schwarzhans 1981 . 26 Pteralbula conchaeformis (Koken 1885) . 26 Genus Genartina Frizzell & Dante 1965 . 26 Genartina hauniensis n. sp. 26 Order Anguilliformes Regan 1909 . 29 Suborder Anguilloidei Regan 1909 . 29 Family Anguillidae Rafinesque 1810 . 29 genus Anguillidarum semisphaeroides n. sp. 29 genus Anguillidarum sp. 30 Suborder Congroidei Regan 1909 . 30 Family Congridae Kaup 1856 . 30 Genus Conger Oken 1817. 30 Conger illaesus n. sp. 32 Genus Rhechias Jordan 1922 . 32 Rhechias angulosus n. sp. 32 Order Clupeiformes Bleeker 1859 . 33 Family Clupeidae Cuvier 1817 . 33 genus Clupeidarum rectiventralis n. sp. 33 Order Siluriformes Cuvier 1817 . 35 Family Ariidae Günther 1864 . 35 3 Genus Arius Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840 . 35 Arius danicus Koken 1891 . 35 Order Salmoniformes Bleeker 1859 . 35 Suborder Salmonoidei Bleeker 1859 . 35 Family Salmonidae Rafinesque 1815 . 35 genus Salmonidarum acutirostratus n. sp. 35 Suborder Argentinoidei Berthelsen 1958 . 36 Family Argentinidae Bonaparte 1838 . 36 Genus Protoargentinolithus n. gen. 36 Protoargentinolithus balticus (Roedel 1930) . 36 Protoargentinolithus procerus n. sp. 38 Genus Argentina Linnaeus 1758 . 40 Argentina erratica (Roedel 1930) . 40 Argentina longirostris n. sp. 42 genus Argentinidarum sp. 44 Order Aulopiformes Rosen 1973 . 44 Family Aulopidae Cope 1872 . 44 Genus Aulopus Cloquet 1816 . 44 Aulopus tortus n. sp. 44 Family Chlorophthalmidae Jordan 1923 . 46 Genus Chlorophthalmus Bonaparte 1840 . 46 Chlorophthalmus postangulatus Nolf & Dockery 1993 . ..