Notes

Introduction 1. Heidegger’s connection with fascism in the early 1930s (latest revealed in anti-Semitic expressions in the newly published black notebooks), remains problematic indeed. Yet at the same time Heidegger’s anti- ideological and life-affirming philosophy of Dasein, Being, place, lan- guage, and literature also remains strikingly incompatible with fascist ideology and biopolitics. Over the years, accusations of Heidegger as fascist and an anti-Semite have been met with as many defenses by friends, former students, intellectuals, and philosophers (influen- tial names on the accusing side include Theodor Adorno, Jürgen Habermas, Emanual Levinas, while defenders include Jacques Derrida, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and (also his lover) Hannah Arendt).

Chapter 1 1. Eric Prieto has recently made a brief survey of the role of place and space in postcolonial studies. He points to a “discursive emphasis” in postcolonial studies, or “a form of discursive critique” that characterizes the field with its “focus on the ideological machinery of colonialism and its legacy” (Prieto, 2012, 154). According to Prieto, the “discursive turn” in postcolonial studies began with Edward Said’s Orientalism in 1978 (Prieto, 2012, 142). However, Prieto does not mention the phenomenologically oriented approaches to literature that will play a role later in this study (Walcott, Harris, Dennis Lee, and others). 2. I am speaking here of theory and literary readings and not the art itself. Although the sensuous body and body–place relations (as some- thing more than cultural–political relations) are commonly overlooked in contemporary analyses of postcolonial literatures, it invariably plays a role in postcolonial works of art (including works in-between the colo- nial and the postcolonial, like Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and Blixen’s Out of Africa) and is frequently quite prevalent in the literary criti- cism of a range of writers themselves (accordingly, the topo-poetics that inspires the literary analyses to follow later will blend with ideas of place, body, and literature as expressed by writers like Patrick White, Dennis Lee, Wilson Harris, and Derek Walcott). 248 Notes

Chapter 2 1. Salman Rushdie demonstrates this brilliantly in The Satanic Verses,ina memorable scene in which immigrants come to appear—perceptually— in the physical shape of racist stereotypes produced by English imperi- alist nationalism (Rushdie, 1988, 164–69). 2. We may appreciate deconstruction as a critique of interpretation too. It challenges any assumption that we can ever arrive at final meanings in language and in that way exposes the interhuman power relation involved in defining and interpreting each other and the world’s phe- nomena. The only problem here is that deconstruction generally leaves us with a human–world relation that seems as disembodied as ego-logic regimes of meaning-production. One meaning is challenged by many meanings, shifting, unruly meanings, or deferred meanings, which is not caused by the influence of a reality outside the ego, but, precisely, to borrow a fine explanation from Simon Critchley, by the “linguistic idealist” position “that there is no (or there is no reference to) a subject- independent reality prior to language or discourse” (Critchley, 2004, 225). See also Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht’s The Production of Presence (2004) for a criticism of Western meaning-culture and the hermeneu- tics of interpretation coupled with an exploration of the ways in which art affects us bodily and affectively (Gumbrecht, 2004). 3. Dufrenne suggests that we make a distinction between culture and ide- ology: whereas culture interrelates with nature, this is not the case with ideology (Dufrenne, 1976b, 126; 1972, 130–33).

Chapter 3 1. Mignolo explains this a little further: “Although Kant insisted that knowledge starts from the senses and experiences, he assumed that there was a universal formula and therefore that all human senses and experiences would lead to the same reasoning and conception of the world” (Mignolo, 2011a, 187). 2. Mignolo deliberately chooses the term “demodern” and not “postmodern,” as, to him, the postmodern “is still caught into the web of ‘progress and development’ ” (Mignolo, 2012, n.p.). 3. I have chosen not to include the perspective of eco-criticism in this book, although it is of obvious relevance. What I call a topo-poetics easily lends itself to the ongoing endeavor of bringing the different critical fields of postcolonialism and eco-criticism together. With refer- ence to Rob Nixon and Susie O’Brien, Ursula Heise points to a few of several great distinctions in the general orientations of the two fields: eco-criticism favors place and the wild, while postcolonial criticism is generally more concerned with issues of displacement and metropoli- tan locales; eco-criticism tends to investigate human–nature relations Notes 249

(while forgetting the historical perspective), postcolonial studies tend to examine human–human relations with extreme attention to the importance of history and with a preference for post-structural anal- yses of identity (while forgetting human–nature relations); and, finally, eco-criticism is oriented toward local–global interrelations, while post- colonialism emphasizes local–global tensions and disruptions (Heise, 2010, 253). Clearly, the current study of topo-poetics opens a sphere within which these different orientations can meet. It also clearly shares Heise’s belief that if “the aesthetic transformation of the real has a par- ticular potential for reshaping the individual and collective ecosocial imaginary, then the way in which aesthetic forms relate to cultural as well as biological structures deserves our particular attention” (Heise, 2010, 258).

Chapter 4 1. Westphal’s reference to a “plurality of perceptions of space” makes a dif- ference here. It would tally with a topo-poetic reading to the extent that perceptions of space are not produced by “systems of represen- tation” only but in the interaction of “systems of representation” and the influence on such “systems of representation” by the preconceptual phenomenality of things and places. 2. Dufrenne says the same thing in a different way: “the word is a sign, but it is more than a sign. The word simultaneously says and shows, and what it shows is different from what it says” (Dufrenne, 1953, 126). The way Dufrenne reads nouns poetically in poetry may in many cases go for the novel as well: Poetically, nouns “evoke” more than they “name,” they “create an atmosphere” (Dufrenne, 1976b, 124). But as Dufrenne’s formulation indicates (“evoke,” “create atmosphere”), we must listen to something else than what the noun says (“names”), its verbal meaning, what it is meant to say. We must listen, or sense the “more” of its evocation in a silence beyond or, rather, next to the “clatter” of its conceptual or sociocultural meaning.

Chapter 5 1. Coetzee’s novel in this way illuminates Judith Butler’s analysis of the biopolitics as arising in a society from a group’s renouncement of its own vulnerability or the natural precariousness that all humans share. A social group’s renouncement of its own vulnerability comes with a perpetual need to “immunize itself against the thought of its own precariousness” (Butler, 2010, 48). Immunization or denial of vul- nerability takes form as “a fantasy of mastery” (Butler, 2006, 29): an extreme self-possession, bent on immunizing itself against any- thing that may disturb its unified self-image. Acts of violence become 250 Notes

essential, directed against all kinds of perceived or imagined threats, accompanied by the assertion of one’s “own righteous destructive- ness” (Butler, 2010, 48). Sociopolitical differentiations are created, resulting in “precarity” (a greater exposure to physical suffering and death in some social groups for the benefit of greater security in other social groups). In reaction against the “fantasy of mastery,” Butler observes how “we are, from the start and by virtue of being a bod- ily being, already given over, beyond ourselves, implicated in lives that are not our own,” and acknowledging one’s own natural vulnerability (precariousness) can in this analysis produce the desire for nonviolent inter-relations (Butler, 2006, 28). 2. The original text is of course in Afrikaans and Coetzee renames the land in Afrikaans. As I am dealing with the English text, I will look at English as the language of imperial conquest, but the general observa- tions I make about imperial signification could also be made in analyses of Afrikaans as the language of conquest.

Chapter 7 1. Boehmer notes how the local synecdocially signifies the national whole in a number of the prototypes of postcolonial national works: In Ngugi’s A Grain of Wheat (1967), the Kenyan nation is imagined through the Gikuyu people, any internal differences being masked by “the imperatives of resistance” (Boehmer, 1995, 183). In fact, Ngugi personifies the nation in a single character, Mumbi. The same is the case with Muhdi in Sol Plaatje’s novel of the same name from 1930 (Boehmer, 1995, 98).

Chapter 9 1. An article that is often mentioned in relation to Lee’s is Robert Kroetsch’s “Unhiding the Hidden: Recent Canadian Fiction” (1974), which reviews Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing (1972), David Staunton’s The Manticore (1972), and Rudy Wiebe’s The Temptations of Big Bear (1972). All three of these novels (in Kroetsch’s reading) remarkably explore the “uninventing of the world” (Kroetsch’s key word) to redis- cover more primitive and immediate relations to natural space “beyond thinking” that “uncreates [humans] into existence” and foreclose “the old obsessive notion of identity, of ego” (Kroetsch, 1974, 43, 44, 45). 2. Whereas Coetzee only finds “corrupt and false” writings of the land in South African literature, he has a different experience with Australian landscapes in Patrick White’s writings, and in Voss in particular. In the essay “Homage” (1993), he observes that White is “a writer who could go into the heart of the country and return with a version of that country powerful enough for his readers to believe in and take a lead from” (Coetzee, 1993, 7). Notes 251

3. Carter is not quite consistent in his rejection of “linguistic animism,” as he calls it. At times we hear him say that because the English lan- guage had no “topographic justification,” the “would-be-settler was more than ever obliged to settle the country rhetorically rather than ety- mologically” (137, emphasis added). Carter can say so only because he never really engages in any etymological analysis of English words. He concentrates on the national–imperial–modern denotations and conno- tations that came with certain uses of English words in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries he is writing about. Yet, any etymological analysis of any English word beyond the eighteenth century will very soon take us away from “English identity” and the “English” landscape (just as it would very soon take us away from the age of modernity). The distant history of words shows that the “English” language origi- nates in human experiences and landscapes other than those we might commonly, and no doubt very reductively, associate with England as a nation. This is exactly what etymology does. It retrieves other relations between humans and between humans and the world than the ones the current contexts and current epistemic uses of any given word may speak of. 4. The word “jindyworobak” means “to join,” and it was adopted by a group of Australian writers in the 1930s–1940s to signal their creative attempt to produce an indigenized aesthetic by hybridizing settler cul- ture and traditions with Aboriginal culture, traditions and mythologies (e.g., see Boehmer, 1995, 208). 5. Once again, White’s novel moves up and above man while a character like Voss never quite becomes the overman. His will to power continues to shift into a will to dominate: “Voss rode across, sustained by a belief that he must communicate intuitively with these black subjects, and finally rule them with a sympathy that was above words” (334).

Chapter 11 1. Naipaul’s need of history and tradition, and his longing for the great- ness of the past often appear as a wholesale reiteration of imperialist metaphysics, but, as I have argued elsewhere, Naipaul’s migratory movements around the world also include another planetary relation to the world in which the English countryside—the site of English national and imperialist rhetoric—becomes a de-territorialized place among places (Moslund, 2010).

Chapter 12 1. Contrary to the common belief, Heidegger did not blindly condemn technology. As we all depend on technology, it “would be shortsighted to condemn it as the work of the devil” (Heidegger, 1955, 53). 252 Notes

2. Butler’s argument does not involve an overall refutation of narrative. We need narrative to sustain a basic sense of continuity without which no one would be able to survive: “narrating has a crucial function. No one can live in a radically non-narratable world or survive a radically non-narratable life” (Butler, 2001, 34). In cases when the disjunction and discontinuities in life have been caused by trauma, “narration offers resources for survival” (Butler, 2001, 32). 3. Although a novel like Disappearance may be foregrounding the textual impetus of deconstruction, Derrida’s philosophy is not at all opposed to the ethics of otherness Butler and Bal speak of. In a text like The Other Heading: Reflections on Today’s Europe (1992), Derrida proposes a making other of the self in order not to be locked up, or lock up the world, within one’s own identity. See also Hayden White for a ques- tioning of narrativity in the writing of history that touches on some of Butler’s issues (White, 1980). Bibliography

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Note: The letter ‘n’ following locators refers to notes.

Achebe, Chinua, 14, 23–4, 42, anesthetization, 47, 48, 49 115–34 Ashcroft, Bill, 4, 5, 18, 160, aesthetics, 3, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 166, 244 23, 24, 42, 44, 45–56, 61, 64, Atwood, Margaret, 250n. 1 65, 66, 68, 74, 76, 78, 82, 106, 108, 111, 131, 137–43, 145, 147, 168, 170, 175, 183, Bal, Mieke, 222, 230–1, 236–7, 241–2, 245, 249n. 3, 252n. 3 251n. 4 becoming, 43, 66, 73, 147, 148, colonial, 32, 49, 50, 135, 139, 149, 164, 189, 198, 200, 205, 142, 143, 149 212, 228, 244 of the earth, 14, 52–4, 184, Being, xi, 2, 3, 6, 11, 41, 42, 43, 61, 186, 187 62, 63, 64, 75, 77, 84, 94, 107, migrant/migratory, 218, 219, 110, 111, 164, 165, 232, 243, 222, 228, 230–1, 234, 245, 246, 247n. 1 236, 238 see also being-in-the-world, nationalist, 50 modes of see also sense-aesthetic; aisthesis being-in-the-world, modes of, 7, 8, affect, 6, 24, 27, 29, 46, 47, 65, 66, 28, 33, 35, 47, 56, 66, 72, 75, 67, 68, 69, 72, 73, 82, 86, 87, 86, 90, 91, 101, 112, 123, 126, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 124, 129, 130, 132, 143, 147, 149, 132, 138, 147, 151, 168, 169, 156, 167, 169, 172, 176, 184, 186, 194, 196, 197, 198, 199, 188, 193, 200, 201, 206, 212, 200, 234, 239, 242, 243, 244, 216, 231, 232, 233, 237, 245, 246, 248n. 8 245 Agamben, Giorgio, 3–4, 134 Bhabha, Homi, 116, 122, 124, aisthesis, 10, 11, 13, 14, 38, 46, 47, 206, 211 50, 52, 53–4, 59–61, 63–5, 74, biopolitics, 3, 5, 9, 24, 27, 47, 56, 76, 103, 106, 109, 111, 123, 88, 113, 234, 246, 247n. 1, 128, 135, 145, 149, 170, 172, 249n. 1 174, 220, 230, 232, 233, 234, Blixen, Karen, 14, 32, 49, 56, 238, 242, 243, 245 135–51, 153, 160, 247n. 2 aletheia, 41 Bloom, Harold, 116 Anderson, Benedict, 116 body without organs, 67, 71 266 Index

Boehmer, Elleke, 45–6, 50, 51–2, Dabydeen, David, xi, 14, 54, 76, 116, 120–1, 160, 229, 250n. 1, 175, 206, 217, 218, 219–39, 251n. 4 243 Böhme, Gernot, 33, 34, 38, 53, 110 Dasein, 245 Brathwaite, Edward Kamau, 23, 24 de Certeau, Michel, 182 Brooks, Peter, 105 decoloniality, 5, 28, 47, 111, 135, Butler, Judith, vi, 25, 54, 219, 222, 143, 149 227–8, 236–9, 249n. 1, see also decolonization 252n. 2 decolonization, 47, 57, 111, 119, 175, 243 Carter, Paul, 22, 38, 153, 154–6, see also decoloniality 158–61, 171, 172–3, 174, 185, deixis 244, 251n. 3 and Dasein, 245 Cartesianism, see Descartes, René ego-logical (speaker-centered), cartography, 6–7, 11, 38, 51, 102, 20, 60, 89, 101 106, 109, 138, 141, 145, geocentric, 131 146, 149 imperial/Eurocentric, 20, 89, see also mapping; geometric space 101, 107, 115, 183, 184 Casey, Edward, xi, 7, 32, 33, 35, 37, post-independence/national, 20, 42, 53, 64, 128, 199, 211–12, 115, 117, 120, 125, 128, 213, 229, 235 133 Coetzee, J. M., 14, 32, 81–95, 99, see also West-Pavlov 107, 119, 126, 137, 141, 147, Deleuze, Gilles, 7, 14, 28–9, 40, 41, 157–8, 159, 160, 162, 164, 42, 43, 51, 52–3, 61, 62, 63–4, 168, 170, 173, 183, 249n. 1, 67–70, 71, 72–3, 76, 77, 78, 250n. 2 83, 109, 122, 131, 147, 170, coloniality (and modernity/ 171, 183, 215, 222, 243, 246 coloniality), 4–5, 9, 26–7, 47, DeLoughrey, Elizabeth, 18, 183, 53, 55, 95, 145, 160, 206, 223, 184 233, 234, 238, 245–6 demodern, 47, 53, 111, 132, 133, Conrad, Joseph, 1, 4, 14, 56–7, 76, 143, 144, 168, 170, 174, 243, 97–114, 115, 118, 137, 139, 248n. 2 150–1, 160, 234, 247n. 2 de-organization of the sensible, 24, Critchley, Simon, 248n. 2 43, 55, 56, 57, 69, 75, 102, cultural hybridity (including 146, 149, 170, 244 transculturality), 19, 20–1, 24, see also re-organization/ 38, 46, 50, 71, 132, 154, redistribution of the sensible 180–1, 182, 184, 187, 189–90, Derrida, Jacques, 176, 226, 229, 191, 192, 196, 197–200, 201, 232, 247n. 1, 252n. 3 205, 206, 207, 211, 216, 218, Descartes, René (Cartesianism), 28, 228, 230, 232, 251n. 4 41, 77, 97–8, 133 culturalization, 29, 33, 64, 211, 215 see also ego cogito, the see also naturalization; deterritorialization, 8, 18, 19, 20, nature–culture relations; 27, 29, 52, 70, 71, 73, 107, earth; world 182, 187, 211, 221, 226, 232 Index 267

Disappearance, 14, 54, 76, 175, 165, 167, 171, 175, 176, 206–7, 217, 219–39, 252n. 3 186–8, 192, 193, 194, 196, discourse analysis, 9, 12, 18, 23, 28, 209, 214, 216, 223, 233, 235, 37, 38, 39, 44, 51, 59, 73, 77, 238, 241, 242, 246 120, 124, 143, 181, 195, 206, and world, 35, 42–3, 44, 123, 248n. 2 126, 127, 130–2, see also discourse (dominance/political/ nature-culture relations historical), 21, 27, 49, 74, 87, see also aesthetics, of the earth; 89, 120, 122, 135, 137, 140, geo-logic; silence, call of the 183, 192, 205, 211, 236 earth, silent anti-colonial/anti-nationalist, 19, eco-criticism, 52, 248n. 3 22, 209 egocentricity, 2, 89 colonial/imperial/Eurocentric, see also ego-logic; ego cogito, the; 23, 38, 41, 99, 135, 142, I-ness 148, 156, 172, 174, 183, ego-cogito, the, 2–4, 6, 11, 24, 197, 206, 244 33–4, 37, 38, 66, 77, 83, 85, of globalization, 221 91, 98, 137, 139, 144, 147, migrant, 223, 232 164, 172, 187, 245 national, 19, 20, 21, 38, 119, see also Descartes, René; 121, 124, 191, 206, 209, ego-logic; egocentricity; 220, 222, 228 I-ness postcolonial, 26, 27, 38, 220, 244 ego-logic, 1–2, 5–7, 11, 20, 24, 34, see also identity, discourses of 38, 48, 51, 53, 54, 56, 60, displacement, x, 5, 7, 9, 17, 23, 26, 76–7, 101, 104, 106–7, 111, 52, 71, 77, 88, 108, 129, 130, 131, 132, 144, 149, 164, 170, 132, 143, 150, 151, 154, 169, 185, 186, 189, 229, 242, 173, 179, 180, 184, 189, 248n. 2 192–4, 199, 200, 203, 204, see also I-ness; ego cogito, the 205, 206, 230, 236, 244, ego-politics, 5, 11, 47, 48, 248n. 3 49, 53 Dufrenne, Mikel, 14, 29, 42, 56, 59, embodied mind, 28–9, 36, 91, 92, 61, 64–6, 67, 68, 72, 73, 74–5, 145, 165, 182, 195, 196, 208, 88, 92, 93–4, 97, 106, 109, 213, 232, 242 110, 122, 125–6, 127–8, 183, empires, sensuous, 12, 13, 31–2, 36, 243, 248n. 3, 249n. 2 41, 43, 44, 48–9, 65 Dunbar, Robert Nugent, 136 see also Howes; organization/ Dusklands, 14, 81–95, 99, 107, 119, distribution of the sensible, 126, 136, 153, 162, 168 organization Dussel, Enrique, 5, 130 emplacement (and re-emplacement), 33, 122, 153, 154, 168, 189, earth, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 28, 193–5, 197–200, 205 34–6, 37, 42, 43, 44, 52–4, 72, English language, the, 22, 23, 24, 77, 78, 81, 86, 87, 91, 97–102, 92–3, 95, 153–5, 158–60, 168, 107–9, 110, 113, 116, 132, 169, 172–3, 192, 243–4, 250n. 147, 148, 150, 153, 159, 163, 2, 251n. 3 268 Index

Euclidian space, 144, 223, 235 126, 127, 128, 134, 153, see also “geometric space” 163–4, 165, 179, 182, 183, 203–4, 222, 232, 235, 242–3, Fanon, Frantz, 27, 56 245–6, 247n. 1, 251n. 1 Forster, E. M., 136, 141 Heise, Ursula, 248n. 3 Foucault, Michel, 3, 5, 7 heterogeneous powers of the sensible, 6–7, 8, 11, 12, 20, 24, Gelassenheit, 61, 62, 104 41, 42, 43, 51, 54, 59, 61, 77 geocentricity, 36, 53, 98, 131, 195 see also Rancière geocriticism, I, ix–x, 7, 10, 13, 32, historicization, 19, 55, 73, 109, 35, 52, 53, 71, 73, 149, 241, 129, 172, 174, 244 242 Hoving, Isabel, 184 geo-logic, 6, 7, 53, 108, 149 Howes, David, 32–3, 43, 48, 49, 67 geometric space, 1, 223, 235 see also mapping; cartography; Euclidian space identitarianism, 27, 28, 41, 52, 66, Gikandi, Simon, 118, 119, 120 67, 77, 78, 117, 119, 158, 238, Gilroy, Paul, 181–2, 198, 233–4 242, 243, 245 Glissant, Édouard, 14, 23, 52, 53, see also identity, discourses of; 54, 109, 180, 183, 184, 186, identity, politics of 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 195, identity, 23, 25, 31, 33, 108, 115, 196, 199, 200, 223 145, 146, 147, 148, 157, 160, Gumbrecht, Hans Ulrich, xi, 165, 169, 172, 174, 177, 179, 248n. 3 180, 181, 182, 187, 191, 192, 201, 204, 206, 211, 216, 218, Haggard, Ryder, 136 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 228, Hall, Stuart, 179, 181 229, 230, 233, 236, 239, 244, Hallward, Peter, 184 249n. 3, 250n. 1, 251n. 3, Harris, Wilson, 23, 115, 117, 163, 252n. 3 169, 176, 183, 184, 187–9, discourses of, 19, 21, 27, 38, 51, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 124, 142, 209, 213, 214, 226–7, 229–30, 232, 233, 241, 235, see also identitarianism 242, 247n. 2 national, 19, 21, 38, 116, 119, Harrison, Robert Pogue, xi, 44, 50, 121, 124, 134, 140, 141, 53, 66, 88, 97–8, 107, 113, 154, 157, 161, 168, 171, 232 209 Heart of Darkness, 1, 14, 76, politics of, 9, 11, 24, 27, 29–30, 97–114, 115, 145, 150–1, 153, 38, 51, 52, 54, 64, 72, 76, 247n. 2 78, 120, 123, see also Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, identitarianism 101 self-identity, 54, 85, 89, 92, 164, Heidegger, Martin, xi, 2–3, 4, 5, 6, 227, 237 7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 34, 35, 41, 42, ideology, 19, 21, 26, 31, 32, 34, 38, 43, 44, 49, 53, 61–4, 65, 66, 46, 47, 49, 56, 59, 62, 67, 74, 72, 73, 74–5, 76–7, 78, 81, 98, 75, 78, 81–4, 90, 92–3, 98, 99, 104, 107, 109, 110, 111, 116, 100, 101, 102, 105, 107–10, Index 269

116–17, 120–1, 122, 125, Lefebvre, Henri, 7, 8, 21–2, 25, 27, 127–8, 136–7, 141, 144, 180, 35–7, 39, 42, 49, 53, 67, 69, 182, 208, 211, 213, 220, 227, 82–3, 88, 93, 112, 113, 205 231, 233, 247n. 1, 248n. 3 I-ness, 2–4, 6, 11, 33–4, 37, 66, 92, Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 138 144, 238, 245 Magliola, Robert, 34, 35 see also ego cogito, the; ego-logic; mapping, 1–2, 7, 17, 98, 101–2, egocentricity 138, 147, 170–1, 175, 244 Ingamells, Rex, 173 see also cartography; geometric intensity, xi, 10, 11, 34, 40, 41–2, space 53, 55, 57, 62, 67, 68, 69, 72, Massey, Doreen, 7, 204–5 73, 75, 81, 84, 87, 92, 95, 103, meaning, 5, 22, 24, 31, 32, 44, 49, 104, 106, 121, 123, 132, 137, 51, 55, 59, 62, 65, 76, 77, 82, 146, 149, 150, 151, 170, 172, 89, 92, 93, 101, 103, 104, 105, 175, 176, 180, 188, 190, 195, 110, 111, 123, 128, 134, 143, 196, 197, 201, 207, 212, 213, 145, 149, 155, 156, 205, 220, 215, 216, 224, 229, 230, 231, 228, 239 232, 234, 237, 239, 243 definitions of, xi, 11–12, 35, interpretation, xi, 12, 13, 22, 25, 38–40, 41, 43, 64, 66, 68, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 70, 71–2, 122, 159, 198, 44, 54, 59, 61, 62, 63, 67, 69, 226–7, 231, 242, 243, 72, 76, 84, 89, 101, 104, 105, 248n. 3 106, 110, 118, 122, 123, 124, see also interpretation; 130, 134, 143, 145, 146, 158, meaning-effects; silence, 170, 171, 195, 198, 214, 215, meaning of 227, 242, 243, 248n. 2 meaning-effects, 40, 68, 69, 72, 94, 107, 142, 146, 216, 229 Jameson, Frederic, 116 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 29, 42, JanMohamed, Abdul, 129, 140, 64, 92 148 Mignolo, Walter D., 3–4, 5–6, 7, 9, Jeyfo, Biodun, 129 11, 19, 26–7, 28, 47, 48, 49, Johnson, Barbara, 220 53, 83, 99–100, 111, 129, 130, 149, 154, 155, 168–9, 223, Kidd, Benjamin, 101 234, 248n. 1 Kincaid, Jamaica, 14, 54–5, 56, 57, Miller, Hillis, 105 73, 234 mind and body, see embodied mind Kipling, Rudyard, 99, 136, 138 Mitchell, W. J. T., 18–19, 82, Kortenaar, Neil Ten, 118 124 Kroetsch, Robert, 250n. 1 modernity, 1–7, 9, 11, 17–18, 24, 27–8, 32, 47, 51, 53, 55–6, Ladoo, Harold Sonny, 14, 21, 76–7, 82–3, 85, 90, 95, 99, 179–201 108–9, 111–13, 116, 125, Lee, Dennis, 23, 158–9, 160, 169, 128–34, 145–6, 149, 151, 170, 172, 173, 175, 176, 183, 154–6, 160, 162, 164, 168–71, 247n. 2, 250n. 2 173, 175, 182, 184, 186–7, 270 Index modernity—continued see also culturalization; 206, 220–1, 223–4, 229–30, nature–culture relations 232–4, 238, 245–6, 251n. 3 nature-culture relations, 19, 35, and enlightenment, 4, 97, 98, 42–4, 52, 66, 123–8, 131, 134, 100, 101, 108, 113, 235 173, 180, 181, 182, 197, 201, monologic, 20, 41, 43, 60, 130, 205, 229, 235, 243, 248n. 3 209, 228, 231 see also culturalization; earth; Moretti, Franco, 116, 124 world;naturalization Nietzsche, Friedrich, xi, 1–2, 3, 5, 6, Naipaul, V. S., 190, 206–7, 212–18, 7, 8, 11, 22, 23, 28, 34–5, 48, 220, 221, 231–2, 251n. 1 63, 153, 163–4, 165, 166, 224, narration/narrativity, 19, 104, 105, 226 128, 149–51, 163, 164, 167, nihilism, xi, 113 192, 200, 204, 224, 225, No Pain Like This Body, 14, 20–1, 236–7, 243, 244 179–201 colonial/imperial/master nothingness, 105, 110–12, 114, narrative, 21, 88, 138, 139, 149, 151, 176 149, 217, 224, 225, 226, 236, 237, 244 historical, 18, 86, 87, 88, 90, 92, openness, 8, 35, 41, 42, 43, 44, 50, 116, 129, 137, 160, 172, 51, 53, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 192, 209, 221, 222, 230, 68, 73, 75, 93, 94, 103, 104, 231, 232, 235, 236, 244, 107, 108, 111, 123, 125, 127, 252n. 2 140, 147, 222, 229, 233, 237, interruptions of, 90, 94, 102, 238, 243, 245 104, 105–6, 122, 128, 143, see also “otherness” 149, 165, 167, 172, 176, organization, 67, 69, 75 200, 215, 218, 221, 228, see also organization/distribution 230–3, 237–9, 243, 245, of the sensible; empires, 252n. 2 sensuous, re-organization/ narrating the place world, 18, redistribution of the 141, 143, 149, 171 sensible narrative literature, 62, 74, 75, organization/distribution of the 76, 238, 245 sensible, 11, 12, 13–14, 28, national, 119, 122, 124, 222–6, 31–2, 36–7, 38, 43, 44, 48–50, 230, 232, 244 51, 56–7, 60–1, 65, 67, 69, 72, of progress/modernity, 18, 230 75, 83, 87, 88, 89, 93, 94, 100, of the self/identity, 191, 221, 113, 119, 125, 137, 138, 139, 224, 226, 227–30, 235–8, 140, 143, 144, 149, 154, 170, 245, 252n. 3 182, 199, 206, 213, 214, 234, temporality of, 88, 106, 135, 241, 242 160, 215, 244 see also Rancière; Howes; empires, naturalization (denaturalization), 19, sensuous; organization, 33, 35, 37, 67, 124, 184, 210, re-organization/ 222, 224, 225, 229, 236 redistribution of the sensible Index 271 other, the, 25, 87, 133, 136, 138, 128, 137, 232, 234, 238, 142, 148, 160, 219, 221, 242, 243 227–8, 237, 238 Pratt, Mary Louise, 135–6, 137, see also unknowability 138, 140, 141, 142, 180 other/otherness, 6–7, 8, 10–13, 25, precariousness, 249n. 1 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 39, 40, precarity, 250n. 1 42, 43, 52, 53–4, 62, 63, 66, presence, xi, 2, 8, 20, 22, 26, 29, 68, 72, 75, 77, 81, 82, 84, 85, 38, 39–40, 46, 55, 56, 59, 62, 86, 90, 91, 93, 94, 105, 107, 63, 64, 73, 86, 88, 95, 101, 109, 110, 111, 112, 124, 125, 104, 106, 111, 114, 115, 117, 127, 133, 134, 140, 142, 143, 120, 122, 124, 126, 127, 128, 144, 145, 146, 147–8, 149, 131, 132, 133, 136, 137, 145, 156, 162, 164, 165, 166, 146, 150, 151, 158, 159, 160, 176–7, 184, 187, 189, 195, 161, 165, 169, 171, 173, 176, 219, 223, 235, 238, 243, 244, 184, 189, 192, 194, 197, 209, 245, 246, 252n. 3 212, 213, 216, 220, 223, 224, see also openness 226, 227, 229, 230, 231, 233, Out of Africa, 14, 32, 49, 135–51, 234, 235, 236–7, 239, 248n. 2 160, 247n. 2 see also presencing presencing, 60, 61, 65, 94, 107, Papastergiadis, Nikos, 241, 138, 186, 232 242 presentation (as different from participatory geography, see “representation”), 60–1, 64, sensuous geographies 65, 70, 91, 126 Plaatje, Sol, 116, 250n. 1 see also presencing place (place world), ix, x, 2–3, 7–14, Prieto, Eric, 22, 247n. 1 17–29, 32–7, 42–3, 53, 64, 69, 70, 72, 73–4, 75, 76, 83, 84, 86, 88, 92, 95, 100–2, 106, Rancière, Jacques, 6–7, 11, 12, 13, 109, 117, 118, 120, 121, 123, 24, 28, 38, 47, 48–51, 56, 61, 124–6, 127, 128, 133, 134, 67, 82, 93, 94, 96, 100, 104, 135, 137–9, 140, 142, 143, 106, 119, 126, 131, 144, 154, 145, 146–7, 149, 153–60, 203, 242 161–2, 171–4, 179–92, Rao, Raja, 23, 24, 116 193–201, 203–17, 220–4, räumen, 127, 131, 231, 236 230–1, 242, 244, 247n. 1, see also spatialization 251n. 1 recognition (philosophy of), 25, 54, planetarity, 14, 52–4, 77–8, 86, 107, 173, 175, 218, 222, 228, 108–9, 117, 119, 126, 127, 236–8 128, 186, 187, 233, 234, 246, see also Butler; unknowability 251n. 1 re-organization/redistribution of see also Spivak the sensible, 14, 49, 50, 56, 57, poiesis, 11, 12, 13, 14, 38, 44, 46, 69, 175, 230, 242 47, 52, 53, 54, 59–65, 70, 74, see also Rancière; de-organization 76, 92, 103, 108, 111, 123, of the sensible 272 Index representation (as different from as participatory geographies, 84, “presentation”), i, ix–x, 9, 18, 91, 109, 125, 147, 195, 196, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 198, 199 35, 39–40, 41, 45, 51–2, 59, silence, 8–9, 11–12, 24, 32–42, 44, 60–1, 64–5, 66, 68–9, 71–2, 51, 53–4, 65, 69–70, 73, 75, 73, 74–5, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 78, 92, 93, 94, 97, 102, 104, 90, 91, 92, 98, 99, 100, 103, 105–10, 121, 122, 126, 127, 104, 105–6, 107, 119, 120, 145, 146, 154, 158–9, 161, 122, 124, 126, 138, 139, 143, 169, 170, 172, 174, 198, 199, 144, 151, 154, 171, 187, 188, 213, 214, 216, 243 189, 195, 209, 211, 225, 228, call of the earth, silent, 8, 9, 11, 232, 233, 235, 249n. 1 12, 13, 31, 38, 44, 53–4, 74, reterritorialization, 8, 18 78, 107, 108, 109, 126, 145, rhythm/rhythm analysis, 8, 35–8, 199 69, 76, 112, 158, 197, 205, of meaning, 12, 34, 37, 38, 211, 242 39–41, 53, 68, 106–7, see also Lefebvre 146–7, 158–9, 169, 170–1, Rodaway, Paul, 10, 84, 91, 126, 195 173, 195, 215, 232–3, 237, Rushdie, Salman, 20, 74, 204, 206, 243, 249n. 2 207–18, 220, 221, 230, see also sense-effects 248n. 1 smooth space, 70–3, 77, 122, 171 Soja, Edward W., ix, 7, 25–6, 42, 56, 206 Said, Edward, 17, 23, 225, 247n. 1 spatialization, 76, 86, 165, 168–71 Schreiner, Olive, 157, 158 see also räumen Seamon, David, 214 Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 14, 21, Seel, Martin, 91, 243 23, 52–4, 77–8, 108, 109, 117, sense-aesthetic, 9, 10, 13, 14, 23, 119, 233, 235, 243, 245 24, 46, 49, 54, 143, 147, 232, Staunton, David, 250n. 1 236, 242 storification, 244 sense-effects, 40, 41, 68–70, 73, 94, see also narration/narrativity 123, 146, 169, 170, 216, 244 striated space, 70–1, 83, 222 see also sense-aesthetic suprasensory,2,3,6,7,8,9,11,26, sensible, heterogeneous powers of 27, 28, 30, 33–4, 38, 40, 49, the (Rancière), 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 56, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 72, 12, 13, 20, 24, 40, 41, 42, 43, 76, 78, 83, 92, 99, 109, 120, 51, 54, 59, 61, 70, 77, 94, 216 121, 122, 125, 132, 166, 170, sensuous geographies, 10, 11, 13, 181, 192, 206, 220, 246 21, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 37, 39, 42, 52, 56, 57, 60, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 76, 77, 78, 95, 102, temporalization, 18, 51, 66, 76, 104, 106, 107, 124, 134, 145, 85–6, 88, 95, 108, 119, 135, 159, 167, 170, 171, 172, 173, 155, 156, 164, 206, 215 175, 176, 203, 206, 215, 216, see also narration/narrativity; 235, 243, 245 historicization Index 273 territorialization, 8, 17, 18, 19, 20, unknowability, 7, 46, 51, 54, 176–7, 21, 54, 61, 70, 76, 78, 132, 228 175, 210, 211, 222, 226, Upstone, Sara, 19, 20, 27, 33, 71, 242, 243 211 theo-logic,1,6,7 theo-politics, 5, 47, 48, 53, 129, Voss, 14, 153–77, 250n. 1, 251n. 5 130 ThingsFallApart, 14, 42, 115–34 Walcott, Derek, 23, 31, 33, 183, Thiong’o, Ngugi wa, 23, 32, 47, 49, 184–6, 187, 189, 196, 247n. 2 116, 117, 138, 139, 142, 149, Watt, Ian, 103, 104 250n. 1 West-Pavlov, Russell, 20, 60, 71, 85, thrownness, 34, 54, 66, 110, 177, 89, 93, 101–2, 115–17, 121, 245 123, 211 Tilley, Christopher, 32, 33, 34, 37, Westphal, Bertrand, 71, 249n. 1 38, 49, 50, 195, 197–8 White, Hayden, 252n. 2 topo-poetic/embodied mode of White, Patrick, 14, 23, 153–77, 183, reading, 10–13, 14, 20, 21, 23, 186, 247n. 2, 250n. 2, 251n. 5 24, 28, 35, 36–42, 46–7, 50, Wiebe, Rudy, 250n. 1 52, 54–5, 56, 59–73, 75–6, Woolf, Virginia, 103 92–5, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, world picture, 27, 41, 53, 98, 105, 117, 121, 123, 124, 127, 128, 107, 108, 110, 112, 114, 129, 132, 133, 134, 138, 143, 149, 132, 138, 151, 156, 171, 222, 154, 159, 170, 174, 175, 176, 225, 229, 245 181, 182, 183, 195, 196, 197, world, see earth 241–6, 247n. 2, 248n. 3, 249n. 1 Yeats, William Butler, 118