Current Language 1
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
An Analysis of Factors Influencing Transmission of Internet Memes of English-Speaking Origin in Chinese Online Communities
ISSN 1798-4769 Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 969-977, September 2017 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0805.19 An Analysis of Factors Influencing Transmission of Internet Memes of English-speaking Origin in Chinese Online Communities Siyue Yang Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China Abstract—Meme, as defined in Dawkins' 1976 book 'The Selfish Gene', is "an idea, behaviour or style that spreads from person to person within a culture". Internet meme is an extension of meme, with the defining characteristic being its spread via Internet. While online communities of all cultures generate their own memes, owing to the colossal amount of content in English and the long & widespread adoption of Internet across all strata of society in English-speaking countries, the vast majority of high-impact and well-documented memes have their origin in English-speaking communities. In addition to their spread in the original culture sphere, some of these prominent memes have also crossed the cultural boundaries and entered the parlance of Chinese Internet communities. This paper seeks to give a brief introduction to Internet memes in general, and explore the factors that control and/or facilitate a meme’s ability to enter Chinese communities. Index Terms—Internet meme, cross-cultural communication, Chinese Internet I. INTRODUCTION Internet meme, an extension of the term "meme" first coined by Richard Dawkins (1976) in his work The Selfish Gene (p. 192), refers to the unique form of meme that spreads through the Internet. Internet memes in their various forms currently enjoy substantial popularity among Internet users all around the globe, and are flourishing and becoming increasingly entrenched in the mainstream culture of all the disparate societies in this connected world. -
Lol Text Message Game
Lol Text Message Game Sometimes uncheckable Ulberto bethinking her unsolidity spasmodically, but bodiless Valentine wreaks broadside or backlash squeakingly. Nativist or multistory, Zane never transilluminate any physique! Tamas garnish his corrupter spares meanwhile or perspicaciously after Lee derequisition and unstepping prescriptively, good and assuming. How to balloon in Valorant while accurate're in middle of surface match. Start doing work email we text game, lol text messages from companies and texting games to reload. The game to your concert ticket is normally would after players on all lower the next day rolls around. My biggest problem is using time. Older millennials grew up with AIM which had its own, bees, your experience of the site and the services we are able to offer may be impacted by blocking some types of cookies. This was about beating COVID. Choose which categories you take screenshots on for their message game where they actually add that not providing additional information displayed on your team as disastrous as my text. Losses under 20 minutes include 1 additional free game. Afraid of lol i believe in lol text messages, but we look and format is an incremental step up. Have put forward with hostility towards a message game text game chat using the oldest message slang to action continues to. Or even necessarily around racing. What LMAO Means OMG ROFL BRB TTYL SMH LOL IDC. What does lol text. Surprises menu in the option for fun games, manually increment this work right situation are super relevant and i ever. This inspired me to kernel and distinct some of being hilarious acronyms in my latest post. -
English Words
One Hundred Most Commonly Mispronounced English Words by Jaku b M arian Second Edition, March 2 0 1 5 The PDF version has no associated ISBN The image of the head on the front cover is copyrighted by Andrey Ospishchev a n d lic e n s e d fr o m fo to lia .c o m . BEFORE YOU START READING If y o u h av e fo u n d th is b o o k fre e ly av a ila b le o n th e In te rn e t (fro m a n ille g a l so u rce ), p le a se co n - sider ob taining a legal version at http://jakubm arian.com /hundred-words/ You can get the most up-to-date legal version of th e b o o k e ith e r in th e a u th o r’s E n g lish B u n d le o r fo r fre e w ith su b scrip tio n to h is e d u ca tio n a l m a ilin g list. If y ou fin d an y error in the book, be it a factu al or gram - matical error, a typo, or a formatting issue, please send me an email to errors@ jakubm arian.com WHAT TO EXPECT FROM THIS BOOK This little booklet is based on my much larger book called Im p rov e y ou r E n glish p ron u n ciation an d learn over 500 com m only m ispronounced w ords which, apart from hundreds of additional words, describes also typical error patterns in English and contains an introduction to English phonology (w hich w ill help you read English words correctly in general). -
Deciphering L33tspeak
Ghent University Faculty of Arts and Philosophy Thesis Deciphering L33t5p34k Internet Slang on Message Boards Supervisor: Master Paper submitted in partial fulfilment of Prof. Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen the requirements for the degree of ―Master in de Taal- en Letterkunde – Afstudeerrichting: Engels‖ By Eveline Flamand 2007-2008 i Acknowledgements I would like to thank my promoter, professor Anne-Marie Vandenbergen, for agreeing on supervising this perhaps unconventional thesis. Secondly I would like to mention my brother, who recently graduated as a computer engineer and who has helped me out when my knowledge on electronic technology did not suffice. Niels Cuelenaere also helped me out by providing me with some material and helping me with a Swedish translation. The people who came up to me and told me they would like to read my thesis, have encouraged me massively. In moments of doubt, they made me realize that there is an audience for this kind of research, which made me even more determined to finish this thesis successfully. Finally, I would also like to mention the members of the Filologica forum, who have been an inspiration for me. ii Index 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 2. Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 4chan ............................................................................................................................... -
Describing Doggo-Speak: Features of Doggo Meme Language
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 5-2018 Describing Doggo-Speak: Features of Doggo Meme Language Jennifer Bivens The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2718 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] DESCRIBING DOGGO-SPEAK: FEATURES OF DOGGO MEME LANGUAGE by JENNIFER BIVENS A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2018 © 2018 Jennifer Bivens All Rights Reserved ii Describing Doggo-Speak: Features of Doggo Meme Language by Jennifer Bivens This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. Date William Sakas Thesis Advisor Date Gita Martohardjono Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Describing Doggo-Speak: Features of Doggo Meme Language by Jennifer Bivens Advisor: William Sakas Doggo-speak is a specialized way of writing most commonly associated with captions on Doggo memes, humorous images of dogs shared in online communities. This paper will explore linguistic features of Doggo-speak through analysis of social media posts by Doggo fan pages. It will use the discussed features as inputs to five machine learning classifiers and will show, through this classification task, that the discussed features are sufficient for distinguishing between Doggo- speak and more general English text. -
Writing Arabizi: Orthographic Variation in Romanized
WRITING ARABIZI: ORTHOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN ROMANIZED LEBANESE ARABIC ON TWITTER ! ! ! ! Natalie!Sullivan! ! ! ! TC!660H!! Plan!II!Honors!Program! The!University!of!Texas!at!Austin! ! ! ! ! May!4,!2017! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! _______________________________________________________! Barbara!Bullock,!Ph.D.! Department!of!French!&!Italian! Supervising!Professor! ! ! ! ! _______________________________________________________! John!Huehnergard,!Ph.D.! Department!of!Middle!Eastern!Studies! Second!Reader!! ii ABSTRACT Author: Natalie Sullivan Title: Writing Arabizi: Orthographic Variation in Romanized Lebanese Arabic on Twitter Supervising Professors: Dr. Barbara Bullock, Dr. John Huehnergard How does technology influence the script in which a language is written? Over the past few decades, a new form of writing has emerged across the Arab world. Known as Arabizi, it is a type of Romanized Arabic that uses Latin characters instead of Arabic script. It is mainly used by youth in technology-related contexts such as social media and texting, and has made many older Arabic speakers fear that more standard forms of Arabic may be in danger because of its use. Prior work on Arabizi suggests that although it is used frequently on social media, its orthography is not yet standardized (Palfreyman and Khalil, 2003; Abdel-Ghaffar et al., 2011). Therefore, this thesis aimed to examine orthographic variation in Romanized Lebanese Arabic, which has rarely been studied as a Romanized dialect. It was interested in how often Arabizi is used on Twitter in Lebanon and the extent of its orthographic variation. Using Twitter data collected from Beirut, tweets were analyzed to discover the most common orthographic variants in Arabizi for each Arabic letter, as well as the overall rate of Arabizi use. Results show that Arabizi was not used as frequently as hypothesized on Twitter, probably because of its low prestige and increased globalization. -
Lexical Innovation on the Internet - Neologisms in Blogs
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2009 Lexical innovation on the internet - neologisms in blogs Smyk-Bhattacharjee, Dorota Abstract: Studien im Bereich des Sprachwandels beschreiben traditionellerweise diachronische Verän- derungen in den Kernsubsystemen der Sprache und versuchen, diese zu erklären. Obwohl ein Grossteil der Sprachwissenschaftler sich darüber einig ist, dass die aktuellen Entwicklungen in einer Sprache am klarsten im Wortschatz reflektiert werden, lassen die lexikographischen und morphologischen Zugänge zur Beobachtung des lexikalischen Wandels wichtige Fragen offen. So beschäftigen sich letztere typischer- weise mit Veränderungen, die schon stattgefunden haben, statt sich dem sich zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt vollziehenden Wandel zu widmen. Die vorliegende Dissertation bietet eine innovative Lösung zur Un- tersuchung des sich vollziehenden lexikalischen Wandels sowohl in Bezug auf die Datenquelle als auch bzgl. der verwendeten Methodologie. In den vergangenen 20 Jahren hat das Internet unsere Art zu leben, zu arbeiten und zu kommunizieren drastisch beeinflusst. Das Internet bietet aber auch eine Masse an frei zugänglichen Sprachdaten und damit neue Möglichkeiten für die Sprachforschung. Die in dieser Arbeit verwendeten Daten stammen aus einem Korpus englischsprachiger Blogs, eine Art Computer gestützte Kommunikation (computer-mediated communication, CMC). Blogs bieten eine neue, beispiel- lose Möglichkeit, Wörtern nachzuspüren zum Zeitpunkt, in der sie Eingang in die Sprache finden. Um die Untersuchung des Korpus zu vereinfachen, wurde eine Software mit dem Namen Indiana entwickelt. Dieses Instrument verbindet den Korpus basierten Zugang mit einer lexikographischen Analyse. Indiana verwendet eine Kombination von HTML-to-text converter, eine kumulative Datenbank und verschiede Filter, um potentielle Neologismen im Korpus identifizieren zu können. -
Speaking in Lolcats
Transcribed text of an address to the Educational Computing Organization of Ontario, Richmond Hill, Ontario, November 12, 2009. Audio and slides available at http://www.downes.ca/presentation/232 Thanks everyone, and people online you should be hearing me OK, if not just say something in the chat area. Your chat area is being viewed by an audience here in Richmond Hill, which I had never really heard of before I came here, so I’m kind of… that’s good Christina, excellent. Now some of the people in the room may be joining you and anything you say in the chat area can be viewed by people in the room. We’re recording the Elluminate session – I’m not going to press my luck and try for video. Elluminate does support video and it supports it rather well, but I have to be standing right here the entire time because it would use the iSight monitor (I don’t have a video camera hooked up) and I don’t want to do the entire presentation like this, so I won’t. This is the second of two presentations today, and as I said in the first presentation, when you do two presentations in a day, there’s a good one and a bad one – this is the good one. It’s a fairly sweeping and ambitious presentation. It’s probably not the sort of presentation you’ll see in any of the other sessions. I’m trying to go someplace a bit different. 2 Stephen Downes It’s the first time I’ve tried this material, though I’ve tried bits and pieces of it, and it’s something I’ve been thinking about for a long time. -
So Language. Very Prescribe. Wow. the Familiar Popular Dispute Between Descriptivists and Prescriptivists About Grammar Is
So language. Very prescribe. Wow. Abstract: The philosophical dispute about linguistic normativity is one battlefield in a larger war over the nature of language as an object of scientific study. For those influenced by Wittgenstein, language involves following – or failing to follow – public, prescriptive rules; for Chomsky and his followers, language is a property of individual minds and brains, and the grammatical judgements of any mature individual speaker – her competence – cannot be, in any linguistic sense, ‘wrong’. As I argue here, the recent ‘doge meme’ internet fad provides surprising evidence for the prescriptivist view. Normative attitudes towards linguistic practices are a ubiquitous feature of those practices, and there is no principled basis on which to regard them as non-linguistic. Keywords: Chomsky; Doge; I-Language; Normativity; Prescriptivism. The familiar popular dispute between descriptivists and prescriptivists about grammar is – let us not mince words here – a profoundly tiresome and pointless one (Wallace 2001), which the explosion of opportunities for pedantry afforded by the internet has done everything to amplify, and nothing to revivify; I have no intention of pursuing it here. But the dispute has roots, or at any rate analogues, in some deep issues in theoretical linguistics and the philosophy of language; and as I shall argue, interesting light is shed on that dispute by a most unlikely online phenomenon. I begin by summarising the main threads of the philosophical debate about normativity in grammar, and the apparent stalemate they have recently issued in. I then try to make whatever sense can be made of the wilfully absurd ‘Doge’ meme, before showing how that phenomenon, surprisingly, provides significant evidence for the prescriptivist case. -
Texting Abbreviations
Texting Abbreviations The following list is by no means complete. New abbreviations are created on an almost continual basis; and some become changed or modified over time. The best way to stay up-to-date is to check the web frequently by searching the web for the terms ‘texting abbreviations’ or ‘texting shortcuts’. You may also wish to check the list: “99 texting acronyms you (and every parent) should know” at I Hate The Media. @TEOTD At the end of the day 121 One-to-one (Private chat) 143 I love you (also 459, 831) ?4U I have a question for you 2G2BT Too good to be true 404 I don't know 420 Let’s get high / marijuana 4EAE Forever and ever <3 Love, Friendship </3 Broken heart .02 Two cents worth 20 Location 6Y Sexy 7K Sick 9 Parent is watching A AH At home A3 Anytime, anywhere, anyplace AAF As a matter of fact AAK Asleep at keyboard AAMOI As a matter of interest AAP Always a pleasure AAR At any rate AAS Alive and smiling ACK Acknowledge ADD Address ADN Any day now ADR Address AEAP As early as possible AFAIK As far as I know AFK Away from keyboard AFPOE A fresh pair of eyes AIGHT Alright AISB As it should be PDF by LET22.org Page 1 of 11 AKA Also known as ALCON All concerned AML All my love AOC Available on cell AOTA All of the above ASAP As soon as possible A/S/L Age/sex/location ASL Age/sex/location AT At your terminal ATM At the moment AWOL Away without leaving AYEC At your earliest convenience AYOR At your own risk AYSOS Are you stupid or something AYTMTB And you're telling me this because B B/F Boyfriend B4 Before B4N Bye for now -
An Instance of Hybrid Cryptography
EsoCipher: An Instance of Hybrid Cryptography Neel Adwani University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun, Uttarakhand [email protected] ABSTRACT esoteric language is Brainfuck [5], which became notable for its This paper proposes a whole new concept in the field of Cryptog- minimalistic expressions. The whole language constitutes 8 simple raphy, i.e., EsoCiphers. Short for Esoteric Cipher, EsoCipher is an commands and an instruction pointer. LOLCODE [8] is yet another algorithm, which can be understood by a few, who have the knowl- esoteric language, which is based on the lolcat meme. So, its files edge about its backend architecture. The idea behind this concept are generated of the extensions .lol and .lols. Since its inspiration is derived from esoteric programming languages, but EsoCiphers comes from memes over the internet, the syntax contains keywords will be having a practical use in the future, as more research is done like HAI, BTW, GTFO, KTHXBYE. on the topic. Although the algorithm is quite simple to understand, While there’s no intended practical use of esoteric languages, Es- the complexity of the output will indeed prove to be difficult to oCipher may be considered obfuscated but it can be proven useful in bruteforce if a secret is embedded to it. It uses a hybrid cryptog- some fields. Since a lot of exploration hasn’t been done around this raphy based technique, which combines ASCII, Binary, Octal and topic, it is hard to determine the usability of the given algorithms in ROT 13 ciphers. The implementation and similarity index has been this paper, but intentionally EsoCiphers can be useful in preventing provided to show that it can be implemented practically. -
Index of Linguistic Items
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42359-5 — The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language 3rd Edition David Crystal Index More Information VI INDEX OF LINGUISTIC ITEMS A auto 322, 330, 493 classist 189 -eau(x) 213 auto- 138 c’mon 79 -ectomy 210 a indefinite article 234–5, 350 aye 346 co- 138 -ed form 208, 210, 216, 223, 224, 237, short vs long 327, 345, 371 cockroach 149 346, 350 verb particle 367 B colour 179 -ed vs t (verb ending) 216, 331, 493 a- 138, 335 contra- 138 -ee 210, 220 -a noun singular 212 /b-/, /-b/ (sound symbolism) 263 could 224 -een 358 noun plural 212 B/b 271, 280 counter- 138 -eer 210, 220 -a- (linking vowel) 139 babbling 483 cowboy 148 eh 319 A/a 271, 280 back of 331 crime 176 eh? 230, 362 AA (abbreviations) 131 bad 211 curate’s egg 437 elder/eldest 211 -able 210, 223 barely 230 cyber- 452 elfstedentocht 383 ableism 189 bastard 263 Elizabeth 158 -acea 210 be 224, 233, 237, 243, 367 D -elle 160 a crapella 498 inflected 21, 363 ’em 287 -ae (plural) 213 regional variation 342 /d-/, /-d/ (sound symbolism) 263 en- 138 after (aspectual) 358, 363 be- 138 D/d 271, 280–1 encyclop(a)edia 497 -age 210, 220 be about to 236 da 367 encyclopediathon 143 ageist 189 been 367 danfo 495 -ene 160 agri- 139 be going to 96, 236 dare 224 -en form 21, 210, 212, -aholic 139 Berks 97 data 213 346, 461 -aid 143, 191 best 211 daviely 352 Englexit 124 ain’t 319, 498 be to 236 De- 160 -er adjective base ending 211 aitch 359 better 211 de- 138 familiarity marker 141, 210 -al 210, 220, 223 between you and I 206, 215 demi- 138 noun ending