DOCSLIB.ORG

Metabolic Rate of Laysan Albatross and Bonin Petrel Chicks on Midway Atoll!

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Metabolic Rate of Laysan Albatross and Bonin Petrel Chicks on Midway Atoll! Pacific Science (1984), vol. 38, no. 2 © 1984 by the University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Metabolic Rate of Laysan Albatross and Bonin Petrel Chicks on Midway Atoll! 2 2 GILBERT S. GRANT ,3 AND G. CAUSEY WHiTTOW ABSTRACT: The resting metabolic rates ofLaysan albatross and Bonin petrel chicks of known age were measured on Midway Atoll in the North Pacific Ocean. The mass-specific metabolism peaked at hatching and then declined to adult levels in Laysan albatross nestlings . The mass specific metabolism of hatchling Bonin petrels was similar to that of adults, but it tripled shortly after hatching. Fasting and feeding episodes affected day-to-day changes in petrel chick metabolism. THE RESTING METABOLIC RATES of chicks rep­ METHODS resent the major part of their energy expen­ diture, as they do not fly and their level of The metabolic rates of Laysan albatross activity .is generally low (Blem 1978). The chicks ofknown age on Sand Island, Midway metabolic rate increases as the chick grows Atoll (28°13' N, 177°23' W) were measured in but the relationship between metabolic rate a building immediately adjacent to the nesting and body mass var ies during growth, the par­ sites. The chicks were placed in a small plexi­ ticular pattern of variation depending on a glas chamber or in an air-tight wooden box number of factors (Ricklefs 1974). In the (0.7 m on all sides), depending on the size of Procellariiformes, which have relatively long the chick. In the latter instance, a plexiglas nestling periods, the metabolic rate of grow­ cover allowed observation during a series of ing chicks is known only for Leach's storm­ measurements. Ambient air was drawn petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Ricklefs, through the metabolic chamber by means ofa White, and Cullen 1980a). The present note vacuum pump. The flow rate (1-5 stems from the opportunity to study the re­ liters ' min - 1) was adjusted to obtain a de­ lationship between metabolism and growth in crease of approximately 1 percent in the O 2 two other procellariiform species that differed concentration from the air inlet to the outlet. greatly in body size, and for which the meta­ The birds were weighed, to the nearest gram, bolic rates of the developing embryos are on a Terraillon balance, immediately after the known (Pettit et aI. 1982a, 1982b). The two final metabolic measurements. All albatross species studied (Laysan albatross, Diomedea metabolic measurements were made between immutabilis; Bonin petrel, Pterodroma hypo­ 1000-1800 hr, 21 January-14 Ma y 1981. leuca) share the same nesting sites in the Chamber temperatures ranged from 19.3 Northwestern Ha waiian Islands. to 26.0°C during these measurements. Mea surements could be made only until the 107th day of nestling life, when we had to leave Midway; the birds fledge at 165 days. 1 Supported by National Science Found ation Grant Metabolic measurements on Bonin petrel No.PCM 76-12351-AOIadministered by G. C. Whitlow. This study was supported also by the Sea Grant College chicks of known age were made in a small Program (NIjR-14). Manu script accepted 14 December plexiglas chamber (kept in the building ad­ 1983. jacent to the nesting site) at chamber tempera­ 2 University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of tures of 21.3 to 29.0°C. All measurements Medicine, Department of Physiology, and the PBRC Kewalo Marine Laboratory, Honolulu , Hawaii 96822. were between 1000-1900hr, 2 March to 19 3Present Address: North Caro lina State Museum of May 1981. The flow rate (ca. 200­ Natural History, P.O. Box 27647, Raleigh, N.C. 27611. 500 cm": min -1) was also adjusted to achieve 170 iiLUUaotJiCUl!iJIlLia::mtillUuiii, j·P 6 . 3 ' i i i , t :::tlrt:,W_ .l..IIWUlD Petrel Chick Metabolic Rate-GRANT AND WHITTOW 171 a decrease of approximately I percent in the measured by Pettit et al. (1982a). The O 2 concentration between the inlet and out­ RQ of albatross chicks averaged 0.78 flow from the chamber. Petrels were weighed (Figure I). The mass-specific metabolism on a torsion balance (OWL 5) to the nearest (V02 -;- mass) peaked near hatching 1 0.01 g, immediately after the metabolic (0.77 cm ' °2 ' g -l . hr - ) and declined measurements. Measurements were made steadily, reaching adult levels at approxi­ until a few days prior to fledging (mean age mately 75 days (Figure I). of fledging = 82 days; Pettit, Grant, and The resting metabolism and mass of petrel Whittow 1982). chicks from hatching to 76 days ofage (within Chicks of both species settled down within a week offledging) are shown in Figure 2. The a few minutes and remained calm in the meta­ RQ of petrel chicks averaged 0.76. Mass­ bolic chambers during a series of measure­ specific metabolism tripled between hatching ments that typically lasted 3-5 hours. and 2 days of age and declined to adult levels Metabolic values obtained for each individual at 20 days of age (Figure 2). on a particular day were similar and were averaged. Gas samples were collected in glass sy­ DISCUSSION ringes, the barrels of which were coated with mineral oil, and analyzed with a Scholander The mass-specific oxygen uptake of micro-gas analyzer. All gas values are con­ the Laysan albatross hatchling was I-45 verted to standard temperature and pressure 0.77 em" °2 , g -l . hr - percent higher for the dry gas (STPO). Two methods were than the adult rate ofoxygen consumption of 1 used in the field to ascertain the accuracy of the Laysanalbatross (0.53 cm' °2 ' g-l . hr - ; the gas analyzer: (I) the composition of fresh Grant and Whittow 1983) and also greater air, measured by the gas analyzer, averaged than that of the adult wandering albatross 3 20.90 percent O 2 and 0.04 percent CO 2 (the (Diomedea exulans; 0.5 em O 2 • g - 1 • hr - 1; expected values), and (2) analysis of exhaust Brown and Adams 1984). The hatchling 1 gases from the combustion of ethanol in the of Bonin petrels (1.1 cm ' ' g -l . hr - ; \'0 2 °2 chamber. The respiratory quotient (RQ) of Pettit et al. 1982b) was similar to that ofadults 1 combusted ethanol should be 0.67. We (1.1 em:' °2 , g -l . hr - ; Grant and Whittow measured an ethanol RQ of 0.66 with the 1983). Mass-specific metabolism peaked to Scholander micro-gas analyzer, providing levels nearly three times hatchling and adult confirmation of its accuracy. The resting values during the first few days of nestling life metabolism was calculated from the mea­ in petrels but not in albatrosses. This funda­ ) sured oxygen consumption (\'02 and RQ. mental difference between the albatross and Chamber temperatures were measured with a petrel may be related to differences in the re­ calibrated Kane-May Limited Depen­ lative incubation periods and embryonic datherm instrument. growth in the two Procellariiformes (Pettit et al. 1982a, 1982b). According to Ricklefs (1974), the maximal mass-specific metabolic RESULTS rate occurs earlier in the precocial than in the The resting metabolism and mass of alba­ altricial chick. By this criterion, the Laysan tross chicks from hatching to 107 days of albatross is more precocial than is the Bonin age are presented in Figure I. Hatchling petrel. However, by other criteria (e.g., yolk (age < I day) albatross metabolism was content ofthe egg) petrels are considered to be measured by the open flow system and com­ semiprecocial (Nice 1962, Carey, Rahn, and pared to values obtained with the closed man­ Parisi 1980, Ricklefs, White, and Cullen ometric system used by Pettit et al. (I982a). 1980b) while albatross are semialtricial (Nice The \'0 2 for a hatchling measured via the open 1962). Clearly, additional information is 3 1 system average 190cm 0 2 ·hr- , compared needed on the metabolism during growth of 3 1 with a mean value of 159cm 0 2·hr- other species. 172 PACIFIC SCIEN CE, Volume 38, April 1984 Hatchling Fledgling 3600 • • • U) •• U) • ca 2400 • ~ + 1200 0 Embryo Ad utt Nestli ng • • • • • • - -- · . -- - • • ._-+ N 1000 CI .> .8 ~ \ , • • I• I ~ • • • • C¥ • • + ~ .7 • .6 u -u .6 eu N CI. CI • • U) .=- • I • • U) .3 + U) ca ~ 0 -4 0 25 75 125 165 Age (days) I F IGURE I. Mass (g), metabolism (Yo,; ern" °2 ' hr" "), RQ, and mass-specific metabolism (Vo,; em? °2 , g-I . hr - ) of Laysan albatros s embryos, nestlings, and adults in relation to age. Adult values (from Grant and Whittow 1983) are presented as mean (horizontal bar) ± two standa rd deviat ions (vertical bar). Embryo and hatchling values are from Pettit et al. (1982a). Curves are fitted by eye. The bro ken line indicates extrapolated values (see text). ,j, ! .I A AA • iii i ., I;;;; lA- M i., .. p i I .i ;.tti :; ,ga ;. #1 'kt:. Petrel Chick Metabolic Rate- G RANT AND WHITTOW 173 -6 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 Hatchling Fledgling 300 • • • • • • • • U') 200 U') fa • + ::E 1 0 0 0 Em btyo Nestling Adult • • • • • • • N 200 .-- c • .> t o .8 • • ••• •• • • • • ho-•• • •• • • • C¥ • • •• .7 + CI:: • . 6 • - 3 • • •• ....... .... ••• I • + o 12 24 36 48 60 72 Age (days) 3 FIGURE 2. Mass (g), metabolism (Yo, ; cm . °2 ' hr - ' ), RQ, and mass-specific metabolism (Yo,; ern" .°2 , g-I .hr- ') of Bonin petrel embryos, nestlings, and adults. Adult values (from Grant and Whittow 1983)are . presented as mean (horizontal bar) ± two standard deviations (vertical bar) . Embryo and hatching values are from Pettit et al. (1982b). Cur ves are fitted by eye. The broken line indicates extrapol ated values (see text). 174 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 38, Apri11984 T ABLE I O XYGEN COST OF D EVELOPMENT IN THREE P ROCELLARII FOR M C HICKS TOTAL O 2 FLEDGLING OXYGEN COST COST OF CHICK MASS-HATCHLI NG PER GRAM OF DEVELOPMENT MASS CHICK* SPECIES (liters) (g) (liters-g - 1) Oceanodroma leucorhoa 209.3 t 40.51 5.17 Pterodroma hypoleuca 393.4 I77§,1I 2.22 Diomedea immutabilis 4,43 9 1,792 * '** 2.48 • Total O2 cost/fledgling mass- hatchling mass.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • US Fish & Wildlife Service Seabird Conservation Plan—Pacific Region
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Seabird Conservation Plan Conservation Seabird Pacific Region U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Seabird Conservation Plan—Pacific Region 120 0’0"E 140 0’0"E 160 0’0"E 180 0’0" 160 0’0"W 140 0’0"W 120 0’0"W 100 0’0"W RUSSIA CANADA 0’0"N 0’0"N 50 50 WA CHINA US Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Region OR ID AN NV JAP CA H A 0’0"N I W 0’0"N 30 S A 30 N L I ort I Main Hawaiian Islands Commonwealth of the hwe A stern A (see inset below) Northern Mariana Islands Haw N aiian Isla D N nds S P a c i f i c Wake Atoll S ND ANA O c e a n LA RI IS Johnston Atoll MA Guam L I 0’0"N 0’0"N N 10 10 Kingman Reef E Palmyra Atoll I S 160 0’0"W 158 0’0"W 156 0’0"W L Howland Island Equator A M a i n H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s Baker Island Jarvis N P H O E N I X D IN D Island Kauai S 0’0"N ONE 0’0"N I S L A N D S 22 SI 22 A PAPUA NEW Niihau Oahu GUINEA Molokai Maui 0’0"S Lanai 0’0"S 10 AMERICAN P a c i f i c 10 Kahoolawe SAMOA O c e a n Hawaii 0’0"N 0’0"N 20 FIJI 20 AUSTRALIA 0 200 Miles 0 2,000 ES - OTS/FR Miles September 2003 160 0’0"W 158 0’0"W 156 0’0"W (800) 244-WILD http://www.fws.gov Information U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
    LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Seabirds in Hawaiian Subsistence: Implications for Interpreting Avian Extinction and Extirpation in Polynesia
    The Role of Seabirds in Hawaiian Subsistence: Implications for Interpreting Avian Extinction and Extirpation in Polynesia JADELYN J. MONIZ SCIENTISTS ESTIMATE THAT ABOUT ONE-FIFTH of the species of birds that existed in the world a few thousand years ago has disappeared as a result of human activ­ ities (Diamond 1989). Subfossil and archaeological evidence suggests that before human occupation was established, the native fauna throughout Polynesia was taxonomically more diverse than historical documents reflect (James 1983; James et al. 1987; Kirch 1982; Olson and James 1982,1984,1991; Steadman 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993). Archaeologists have documented extinct avian species in western Polynesia and throughout eastern Polynesia including Pitcairn Island and the islands of the Marquesas, the Societies, the Cooks, and Hawai'i (Steadman 1989, 1991,1992,1993). Today, researchers commonly refer to the state of Hawai'i as "the endangered species capital of the nation" (National Geographic, September 1995). The Hawai­ ian Islands lay claim to nearly one-third of all the species listed on the endangered and threatened species list in the United States. Hawaiian taxa account for nearly three-quarters of the nation's extinct species. This count includes plants, land snails, insects, birds, and other organisms. Recent subfossil discoveries have added to the number of known endemic bird species that once inhabited these islands. In 1926 scientists found the first avian subfossil species on the island of Hawai'i in a tunnel under 75 feet of lava (Wetmore 1943). Wetmore identified this spe­ cies as Geochen rhuax, a member of the goose family, Anatidae. It was larger than the only known living goose in the Hawaiian Islands, the Nene.
    [Show full text]
  • Egg Dimensions and Shell Characteristics of Bulwer's Petrels, Bulweria Bulwerii, on Laysan Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands!
    Pacific Science, vol. 54, no. 2: 183-188 © 2000 by University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved Egg Dimensions and Shell Characteristics of Bulwer's Petrels, Bulweria bulwerii, on Laysan Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands! 2 3 2 G. C. WmTTow • AND T. N. PETrn ABSTRACT: Measured values for Bulwer's Petrel eggs and eggshells from Laysan Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, were within 10% of predicted values available in the literature. In the absence of published predictive equa­ tions for egg volume, fresh-egg contents, and total functional pore area of the shell, in Procellariiformes, new logarithmic relationships were developed for tropical Procellariiformes. Data are now needed for species breeding at higher latitudes to determine if these relationships are representative of all Procellarii­ formes. BULWER'S PETREL IS a small, procellariiform placing the air ill the aircell with distilled seabird of the tropical Atlantic, Pacific, and water (Grant et al. 1982a). Egg volumes were Indian Oceans (Warham 1990, Megyesi and measured by weighing the eggs in air and in O'Daniel 1997). In the Hawaiian Archipel­ water (Rahn et al. 1976). Shell weight and ago, it breeds on islands from Pearl and shell thickness were determined on shells that Hermes Reef in the Northwestern Hawaiian had been dried in a desiccator for at least 3 Islands, to offshore islands of Hawai'i in the days. Shell weight was measured by weighing main Hawaiian Islands (Harrison 1990). the dried shells on a Mettler balance (Model Previously, data were presented for, inter H6) to the nearest 0.1 mg. Shell thickness was alia, the incubation period and the incuba­ determined with micrometer calipers (Starrett tion weight loss of eggs on Manana, a small No.
    [Show full text]
  • Midway Seabird Protection Plan Story
    Midway Seabird Protection Plan - Draft Environmental Assessment The information on this website is intended to supplement the official draft environmental assessment, not replace it. For the official record of documents and findings, please visit https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Midway_Atoll. Midway Seabird Protection Plan – Draft Environmental Assessment Learn About the Emerging Threat Welcome to Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. Midway Atoll is 1,200 miles northwest of Honolulu near the end of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Midway Seabird Protection Plan - Draft Environmental Assessment The information on this website is intended to supplement the official draft environmental assessment, not replace it. For the official record of documents and findings, please visit https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Midway_Atoll. It is inside one of the largest protected areas in the world. This tiny atoll is home to over 3 million seabirds. And the world's largest colonies of Laysan and Black-footed albatross. Midway Seabird Protection Plan - Draft Environmental Assessment The information on this website is intended to supplement the official draft environmental assessment, not replace it. For the official record of documents and findings, please visit https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Midway_Atoll. But in 2015, a new threat emerged. Midway Seabird Protection Plan - Draft Environmental Assessment The information on this website is intended to supplement the official draft environmental assessment, not replace it. For the official record of documents and findings, please visit https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Midway_Atoll. Warning: Some of the following content is disturbing and contains images of dead and wounded albatross. Link to Video with Matt Brown Mice were attacking adult albatross as they sat on their nests - essentially eating the birds alive.
    [Show full text]
  • Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically
    Four-letter (English Name) and Six-letter (Scientific Name) Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (and 113 Non-Species Taxa) in accordance with the 62nd AOU Supplement (2021), sorted taxonomically Prepared by Peter Pyle and David F. DeSante The Institute for Bird Populations www.birdpop.org ENGLISH NAME 4-LETTER CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME 6-LETTER CODE Highland Tinamou HITI Nothocercus bonapartei NOTBON Great Tinamou GRTI Tinamus major TINMAJ Little Tinamou LITI Crypturellus soui CRYSOU Thicket Tinamou THTI Crypturellus cinnamomeus CRYCIN Slaty-breasted Tinamou SBTI Crypturellus boucardi CRYBOU Choco Tinamou CHTI Crypturellus kerriae CRYKER White-faced Whistling-Duck WFWD Dendrocygna viduata DENVID Black-bellied Whistling-Duck BBWD Dendrocygna autumnalis DENAUT West Indian Whistling-Duck WIWD Dendrocygna arborea DENARB Fulvous Whistling-Duck FUWD Dendrocygna bicolor DENBIC Emperor Goose EMGO Anser canagicus ANSCAN Snow Goose SNGO Anser caerulescens ANSCAE + Lesser Snow Goose White-morph LSGW Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Intermediate-morph LSGI Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Blue-morph LSGB Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Greater Snow Goose White-morph GSGW Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Intermediate-morph GSGI Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Blue-morph GSGB Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Snow X Ross's Goose Hybrid SRGH Anser caerulescens x rossii ANSCAR + Snow/Ross's Goose SRGO Anser caerulescens/rossii ANSCRO Ross's Goose
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change and Seabirds of the California Current and Pacific Islands Ecosystems: Observed and Potential Impacts and Management Implications
    Climate Change and Seabirds of the California Current and Pacific Islands Ecosystems: Observed and Potential Impacts and Management Implications Final Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1 Lindsay Young Pacific Rim Conservation Honolulu, Hawaii Robert M. Suryan Oregon State University Newport, Oregon David Duffy University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii William J. Sydeman Farallon Institute Petaluma, California 3 May 2012 1 Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Climate Change and Seabirds ................................................................................................................... 6 Geographic Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Natural Climate Variability and North Pacific Ecosystems........................................................................ 8 The California Current ................................................................................................................................... 9 Climate Change factors ........................................................................................................................... 10 Atmospheric circulation .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Procellariidae Species Tree
    Procellariidae I Snow Petrel, Pagodroma nivea Antarctic Petrel, Thalassoica antarctica Fulmarinae Cape Petrel, Daption capense Southern Giant-Petrel, Macronectes giganteus Northern Giant-Petrel, Macronectes halli Southern Fulmar, Fulmarus glacialoides Atlantic Fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis Pacific Fulmar, Fulmarus rodgersii Kerguelen Petrel, Aphrodroma brevirostris Peruvian Diving-Petrel, Pelecanoides garnotii Common Diving-Petrel, Pelecanoides urinatrix South Georgia Diving-Petrel, Pelecanoides georgicus Pelecanoidinae Magellanic Diving-Petrel, Pelecanoides magellani Blue Petrel, Halobaena caerulea Fairy Prion, Pachyptila turtur ?Fulmar Prion, Pachyptila crassirostris Broad-billed Prion, Pachyptila vittata Salvin’s Prion, Pachyptila salvini Antarctic Prion, Pachyptila desolata ?Slender-billed Prion, Pachyptila belcheri Bonin Petrel, Pterodroma hypoleuca ?Gould’s Petrel, Pterodroma leucoptera ?Collared Petrel, Pterodroma brevipes Cook’s Petrel, Pterodroma cookii ?Masatierra Petrel / De Filippi’s Petrel, Pterodroma defilippiana Stejneger’s Petrel, Pterodroma longirostris ?Pycroft’s Petrel, Pterodroma pycrofti Soft-plumaged Petrel, Pterodroma mollis Gray-faced Petrel, Pterodroma gouldi Magenta Petrel, Pterodroma magentae ?Phoenix Petrel, Pterodroma alba Atlantic Petrel, Pterodroma incerta Great-winged Petrel, Pterodroma macroptera Pterodrominae White-headed Petrel, Pterodroma lessonii Black-capped Petrel, Pterodroma hasitata Bermuda Petrel / Cahow, Pterodroma cahow Zino’s Petrel / Madeira Petrel, Pterodroma madeira Desertas Petrel, Pterodroma
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Biology of Tristram's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma Tristrami at French Frigate Shoals and Laysan Island, Northwest Hawaii
    McClelland et al.: Tristram’s Storm-Petrel breeding biology 175 BREEDING BIOLOGY OF TRISTRAM’S STORM-PETREL OCEANODROMA TRISTRAMI AT FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS AND LAYSAN ISLAND, NORTHWEST HAWAIIAN ISLANDS GREGORY T.W. McCLELLAND,1,2 IAN L. JONES,1 JENNIFER L. LAVERS1,3 & FUMIO SATO4 1Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada 2Current address: Center for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa ([email protected]) 3Current address: Department of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia 4Bird Migration Research Center, Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, Konoyama, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1145, Japan Received 2 September 2007, accepted 1 October 2008 SUMMARY MCCLELLAND, G.T.W., JONES, I.L., LAVERS, J.L. & SATO, F. 2008. Breeding biology of Tristram’s Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma tristrami at French Frigate Shoals and Laysan Island, Northwest Hawaiian Islands. Marine Ornithology 36: 175–181. We investigated Tristram’s Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma tristrami on Laysan Island and French Frigate Shoals, Northwest Hawaiian Islands, in the first detailed study of this species’ breeding biology. Breeding extended through the boreal winter from mid-October to mid-June. The mean hatching success on Laysan Island was 0.35 in 2004 and 0.46 in 2005; on Tern Island, it was 0.53 in 2005 and 0.61 in 2006. Fledging success was 0.45, and breeding success 0.16 at Laysan in 2004. At Tern Island, mean fledging success during 2005–2008 was 0.48 (range: 0.47 to 0.51) and overall breeding success in 2005 and 2006 was 0.27 and 0.28 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Barau's Petrel Pterodroma Baraui, a New Species for Australia
    VOL. 13 (2) JUNE 1989 39 AUSTRALIAN BIRD WATCHER 1989, 13, 39-43 Barau's Petrel Pterodroma baraui, a New Species for Australia by MIKE CARTER', TIM REID2 and PETER LANSLEY3 130 Canadian Bay Road, Mt Eliza, Victoria 3930 2Flat 2/61 Fawkner Street, St Kilda, Victoria 3182 3Flat Tl/99 Epsom Road, Ascot Vale, Victoria 3032 Summary Barau's Petrel Pterodroma baraui can now be added to the Australian Jist. An observation by a group of observers in Victorian waters in February 1987 is documented. This occurrence is discussed in relation to the Indian Ocean distribution of this species and to subsequent observations off Western Australia. The observation On 15 February 1987 at 0945 h (GMT + 11 hours), a Barau's Petrel Pterodroma baraui was observed at sea off western Victoria. All sixteen participants in a group seabird excursion aboard a 13.0 m long fishing boat saw the bird as it came to within 50 m of the stationary vessel lying at 38 "32'S, 141 "1.7 'E. This is some 12.5 nautical miles south-west of Cape Bridgewater and towards the edge of the continental shelf at a water depth of 155 m (85 fathoms). As there was a reasonable concentration of birds at this location, we had stopped the boat to determine the abundance and range of species present. We attracted the birds to the boat by berleying with fish scraps and fresh meat fat doused in cod liver oil. The congregation consisted of c. 25 Black-browed Albatrosses Diomedea melanophris, c. 25 Yellow-nosed Albatrosses D.
    [Show full text]
  • Cookilaria Petrels in the Eastern Pacific Ocean: Identification and Distribution
    SCIENCE msspecimens. We scoredcharacters includingmantle color, tail pattern, andhead pattern; sketched head and rectrixpatterns; and took measure- COOKILARIAPETRELS mentsofculmen length, bill depth, andtail length,and measured indi- vidual rectrices to determine tail shape.Wing lengthswere obtained INTHE EASTERN fromthe literature and from speci- mentags, although it islikely these werenot all taken by the same meth- PACIFICOCEAN' ods. Biometrics from this review will appearin PartII of thispaper. Both authors have studied Cook's Petrels IDENTIFICATIOANDoff California, and Bailey participat- ed in an April 1989 cruisethat recorded113 Cook's Petrels (Bailey et DISTRIBUTION al. 1989). Roberson observed seabirds in the eastern Pacific, August-December1989, on a NOAA- PartI ofa Two-PartSeries sponsoredsurvey. He obtainedexpe- rience with hundreds of Cook's, White-winged,and Black-winged petrels,and a few Stejneger'sand byDon Roberson and "Collared"petrels. Illustrator Keith StephenE Bailey Hansen, whose color plate will appearin PartII, alsohas experience THE SMALL PTERODROMA PETRELS and known distribution of all small withmost of thesespecies in theeast- of the subgenusCookilaria are Pterodroma in the eastern Pacific. We ern Pacific. amongthe least understood seabirds review six species:Cook's Petrel, Neither authorhas field experi- In the world. Two species,Cook's Defilippe'sPetrel, Pycroft's Petrel, encewith Defilippe'sor Pycroft's Petrel (P. cookii)and Stejneger's Stejneger'sPetrel, White-winged petrels.We discussedthese species Petrel(P. longirostris),have been Petrel(P. leucoptera, including "Col- withobservers who had field experi- recorded off the west coast of North laredPetrel" [P. (l.) brevipes]),and ence(e.g., J. A. Barde,C. Corben,B. America;others have been tentative- Black-wingedPetrel (P.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Book
    PACIFIC SEABIRD GROUP Melinda Nakagawa PaciFORTYfc-SECOND Seabird ANNUAL MEETING: Group A FUTURE FOR SEABIRDS San Jose, California, USA Annual Meeting 2015 ABSTRACT BOOK 18 - 21 February 2015 San Jose Airport Garden Hotel http://www.pacificseabirdgroup.org/ Pacific Seabird Group 42nd Annual Meeting 18-21 February 2015 San Jose, CA STANDARDIZED MONITORING OF ASHY STORM-PETREL CAPTURE–RECAPTURE RATES IN THE CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK 1Josh Adams * 1US Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, 400 Natural Bridges Dr., Santa Cruz, CA 95060, [email protected] Channel Islands National Park (CINP) provides essential nesting habitat for greater than half the world’s population of breeding Ashy Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa). Currently, information is required to maintain, enhance, and standardize Ashy Storm-Petrel monitoring to determine trends in relative population size. Since 1975, capture-recapture efforts using mist-netting methods were conducted sporadically using varying techniques (i.e., mist-netting with and without broadcast vocalizations). No formal guidelines exist describing a standardized, repeatable approach. During 2004-07, I conducted mist-netting surveys (47 site-nights) targeting Ashy Storm-Petrels at three colony sites: Scorpion Rock off Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara Island, and Prince Island off San Miguel Island. I recorded 1,178 unique Ashy Storm-Petrel captures with 35 (2.9%) recaptures of previously banded storm-petrels. Power to detect 30% lesser mean standardized catch per unit effort (CPUEs) at equivalent sample size and alpha = 0.15 (85% CI), was variable across islands and years, from 39% (Prince Island 2005) to 87% (Santa Barbara Island 2005). Overall, based on, I estimated power = 96% to detect a 30% lesser CPUEs.
    [Show full text]