Avaliação Da Toxicidade Do Cloridrato Polihexametileno Biguanida (PHMB) Em Biomphalaria Glabrata (Say 1818)

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Avaliação Da Toxicidade Do Cloridrato Polihexametileno Biguanida (PHMB) Em Biomphalaria Glabrata (Say 1818) UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA DA RELAÇÃO PARASITO-HOSPEDEIRO Amanda de Oliveira Melo Avaliação da toxicidade do cloridrato polihexametileno biguanida (PHMB) em Biomphalaria glabrata (Say 1818) Goiânia 2018 Amanda de Oliveira Melo Avaliação da toxicidade do cloridrato polihexametileno biguanida (PHMB) em Biomphalaria glabrata (Say 1818) Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Relação Parasito-Hospedeiro da Universidade Federal de Goiás para obtenção do Título de Mestre Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Clecildo Barreto Bezerra Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Thiago Lopes Rocha Goiânia 2018 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Relação Parasito-Hospedeiro da Universidade Federal de Goiás BANCA EXAMINADORA DA DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO Aluna: Amanda de Oliveira Melo Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Clecildo Barreto Bezerra Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Thiago Lopes Rocha Membros: 1. Prof. Dr. José Clecildo Barreto - UFG 2. Dra. Daniella de Sousa Mendes Moreira Alves - UFG 3. Profa. Dra. Luciana Damacena Silva - UEG Data: 14/09/2018 A minha amada família, em especial aos meus pais, minha irmã e meu namorado. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço, primeiramente, a Deus por todas as conquistas concedidas a mim e a toda minha família para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho ao qual eu me propus realizar. Agradeço aos meus pais, Wilmar e Luciana, pelo carinho e amor. Vocês foram meus exemplos de persistência, coragem, força e determinação, sempre me incentivando a continuar e a buscar melhores resultados. A vocês todo o meu amor. Agradeço a minha irmã Natália, uma pessoa iluminada que sempre me mostrou que eu posso ir além. Agradeço ao meu namorado Luiz Claudio, que me incentivou e me apoiou em todas as minhas decisões, sempre me fazendo sorrir com sua alegria. Agradeço a todos os meus familiares, em especial aos meus avós que me motivaram com seus ensinamentos. Agradeço ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. José Clecildo, pela confiança depositada em meu trabalho, e por abrir as portas do seu laboratório a mim. Seus ensinamentos colaboraram para minha formação durante o mestrado e eu os levarei para a vida toda. Meus agradecimentos também se direcionam ao meu coorientador Prof. Dr. Thiago, por ter me recebido tão bem, sempre disposto a me ajudar e a colaborar com a minha pesquisa. Suas correções e instruções para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foram de grande valia. Obrigada pela dedicação! Agradeço imensamente aos colaboradores deste trabalho, Profa. Dra. Luciana Damacena Silva, Profa. Dra. Daniela Melo, Dra. Juliana Avelar, Ms. Fabrício Moreira e Me. Daniela Braz por toda a ajuda para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho e pelos ricos ensinamentos que recebi. Agradeço também aos amigos do Laboratório de Estudos da Relação Parasito Hospedeiro da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Ms. Guaraciara, Ms. Nayana, Geisa, Dra. Daniella Sousa, Me. Thaynara, Ms. Heloísa, Pedro Eugênio, Paulo, Ms. Francesca, Ms. Jaqueline, Dra. Caroline, Dr. Hanstter, Jade, Antônio, Daiane, Guiliane e Ms. Jéssica pelos momentos de aprendizado. Agradeço aos amigos e colegas do Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental e Ecotoxicologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Agradeço aos pesquisadores e estudantes do Laboratório de Mutagênese da Universidade Federal de Goiás, por me receberam tão bem, Dra. Fernanda Godoy, Dra Wanessa Carvalho, Dr. Hugo Freire, Ms. Jhennefer Ramos, Ms. Thaís Alves e Ms. Alice Tâmara. Agradeço aos meus amigos da graduação Cárita Ribeiro, Leonardo Martins, Déborah Carolina, Caroline Gusmão e Pedro Porto pelo apoio e incentivo durante o mestrado. Agradeço a secretaria e a coordenação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Relação Parasito Hospedeiro. Agradeço a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior pela concessão da bolsa, ao Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública e a Universidade Federal de Goiás, por possibilitarem a realização deste trabalho. SUMÁRIO TABELAS E FIGURAS ............................................................................................... 12 SÍMBOLOS, SIGLAS E ABREVIATURAS ............................................................. 14 RESUMO ....................................................................................................................... 16 CAPÍTULO I .................................................................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUÇÃO / REVISÃO DE LITERATURA ................................................... 1 1.1 Histórico da esquistossomose ............................................................................ 1 1.1 Ciclo biológico de Schistosoma mansoni .......................................................... 4 1.2 Moluscos do gênero Biomphalaria .................................................................... 7 1.3 Características biológicas de Biomphalaria glabrata ........................................ 9 1.4 Distribuição geográfica de Biomphalaria glabrata no Brasil ......................... 14 1.5 Controle da esquistossomose ........................................................................... 15 1.6 Utilização de moluscicidas no controle da esquistossomose ........................... 16 1.7 Niclosamida ..................................................................................................... 18 1.8 Cloridrato polihexametileno biguanida (PHMB) ............................................ 20 1.8.1 Estrutura ................................................................................................... 20 1.8.2 Aplicações e benefícios ............................................................................ 21 1.9 Testes genotóxicos .......................................................................................... 22 1.9.1 O Ensaio cometa na avaliação de danos do DNA .................................... 23 1.9.2 Fundamentos do ensaio cometa ................................................................ 24 1.9.3 Ensaio cometa em Biomphalaria glabrata ............................................... 25 1.10 Teste do micronúcleo ....................................................................................... 26 2. JUSTIFICATIVA ..................................................................................................... 28 3. OBJETIVOS ............................................................................................................. 30 3.1 Objetivo Geral ...................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Objetivo Específico .............................................................................................. 30 CAPÍTULO II – ARTIGO I ........................................................................................ 32 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 35 2. Materials and methods ................................................................................................ 36 2.1 Test substance .................................................................................................. 36 2.2. Snails ................................................................................................................ 37 2.3. Snail embryotoxicity test ................................................................................. 37 2.4. Acute toxicity tests with new-borns and adult snails ....................................... 38 2.5. Behavioural assessment ................................................................................... 38 2.6 Statistical analysis ............................................................................................ 39 3. Results and discussion ................................................................................................ 39 3.1 Embryotoxicity ................................................................................................ 39 3.2 Toxicity to new-borns and adult snails ............................................................ 44 4. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 48 References ...................................................................................................................... 50 CAPÍTULO III – ARTIGO II ..................................................................................... 58 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 61 2. Materials and Methods ............................................................................................... 62 2.1 Snails ................................................................................................................ 62 2.2 Substance test ................................................................................................... 63 2.3 Exposure .......................................................................................................... 63 2.4 Genotoxicity ..................................................................................................... 63 2.5 Mutagenicity .................................................................................................... 64 2.6 Statistical analysis ............................................................................................ 65 3. Results and discussion ...............................................................................................
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