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Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Di Zona Litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar Sebagai Referensi Pendukung Pembelajaran Keanekaragaman Hayati Berbasis Lingkungan

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Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Di Zona Litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar Sebagai Referensi Pendukung Pembelajaran Keanekaragaman Hayati Berbasis Lingkungan KEANEKARAGAMAN GASTROPODA DI ZONA LITORAL LHOK SEUDU LEUPUNG ACEH BESAR SEBAGAI REFERENSI PENDUKUNG PEMBELAJARAN KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI BERBASIS LINGKUNGAN S K R I P S I Diajukan Oleh Cut Pah Nurul Asiah NIM 281223124 Mahasiswa Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI AR-RANIRY DARUSSALAM BANDA ACEH 2017 M/1438 H ABSTRAK Gatsropoda merupakan hewan lunak dari filum Mollusca yang berjalan dengan perut (gaster) dan tubuhnya yang lunak dilindungi oleh cangkang yang tersusun dari zat kapur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk; 1) mengetahui jenis gastropoda yang terdapat di zona litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar; 2) mengetahui tingkat keanekaragaman gastropoda di zona litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar; dan 3) mengetahui bagaimana pemanfaatan gastropoda yang terdapat di zonal litoral Lhok Seudu Aceh Besar sebagai referensi pendukung pemebelajaran keanekaragaman hayati berbasis lingkungan. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data lapangan, yaitu dengan menggunakan metode transek kuadrat. Pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling pada zona litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar. Lokasi penelitian dibagi menjadi 4 stasiun pengamatan dan masing-masing titik pengamatan terdiri dari 5 line Transek, dan setiap line transek diletakkan 5 plot berukuran 1m x 1m. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa terdapat 20 spesies gastropoda yang terdiri dari 5 ordo. Keanekaragaman gastropoda di zona litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar tergolong rendah dengan indeks keanekaragaman Ĥ = 0,9604. Pemanfaatan hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bentuk buku bacaan. Kesimpulan penelitiaan ini adalah; 1) Jenis gastropoda yang terdapat di zona Litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar, terdiri dari 20 jenis dari 5 ordo, yaitu ordo archeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, Neogatropoda, Neritimorpha, dan Patellogastropoda; 2) Keanekargaman spesies gastropoda yang terdapat di zona litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar tergolong rendah; 3) Pemanfaatan keanekaragaman gastropoda di zona litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar akan di aplikasikan dalam bentuk buku. Kata Kunci: Gastropoda, Keanekaragaman, Zona Litoral Lhok Seudu. KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT berkat rahmat dan hidayahNya penulis dapat menyusun skripsi yang berjudul “Keanekaragaman Gastropoda di Zona Litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar Sebagai Referensi Pendukung Pembelajaran Keanekaragamn Hayati Berbasis Lingkungan” yang merupakan salah satu syarat guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pendidikan. Shalawat dan salam terlanturkan kepada kekasih Allah yaitu Nabi Besar Muhammad SAW, semoga rahmat dan hidayah Allah juga diberikan kepada sanak saudara dan para sahabat serta seluruh muslimin sekalian. Pada kesempatan ini dengan tulus hati penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada : 1. Bapak Dr. Mujiburrahman, M.Ag selaku Dekan Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan, UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. 2. Ibu Dra. Nursalmi Mahdi, M.Ed.St selaku Ketua Prodi Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan, UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. 3. Bapak Prof. Dr. M. Ali S, M.Si selaku Pembimbing I, dan bapak Samsul Kamal, M. Pd selaku Pembimbing II yang telah banyak membantu dan membimbing penulis. 4. Ibu Sunarti, S.Pd.I, ibu Nurlia Zahara, M.Pd, dan bapak Wardinal, S.Pd.I, serta semua staf, asisten dan laboran Laboratorium yang telah memberikan ilmunya kepada penulis sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan gelar sarjana di Prodi Pendidikan Biologi. 5. Terima kasih kepada semua staf pustaka di ruang baca Prodi Pendidikan Biologi, pustakan FTK Tarbiyah UIN Ar-Raniry, dan pustaka Wilayah Aceh yang telah membantu penulis menyediakan referensi-referensi buku dan skripsi guna mendukung penulisan skripsi ini. 6. Bapak Geuchik gampong Layeun, Kecamatan Leupung, Kabupaten Aceh Besar yang telah memberi izin melakukan penelitian di Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar. 7. Kepada sahabat-sahabat yang selama ini selalu ada; Izzatul Ummi, Adik Ramziana Fitri, Ibtihal Maghfirah, Lisa Fatmala, Vera Purnama, Yusra, Muhammad Nazar, Zakiyul Fuad, Shahibul Annas, dan Najamuddin yang senantiasa membatu penulis dalam belajar dan memberikan semangat yang sangat berarti bagi penulis. 8. Kepada para Staf, Karyawan dan semua pihak yang telah ikut membantu. Kepada teman-teman untuk persahabatan dan kebersamaanya selama ini, serta kepada kakak-kakak dan abang-abang PBL yang telah membantu dan memberi semangat kepada penulis. Teristimewa sekali kepada kedua orang tua yang penulis hargai dan cintai sepenuh hati bapak Said Mukhsin Dan Ibu Mariani, dengan segala pengorbanan yang ikhlas dan kasih sayang yang telah di curahkan sepanjang hidup penulis, doa dan semangat juga tidak henti diberikan menjadi kekuatan dan semangat bagi penulis dalam menempuh pendidikan hingga dapat menyelesaikan tulisan ini. Kepada kakak tersayang Cut Aja Fauziah yang senantiasa meluangkan waktu dan memberikan nasehat untuk penulis saat berkeluh kesah. Kepada adinda Said Muhammad, Said Sultan Aulia, dan Cut Putro Arfiah, yang selalu menanti waktu penulis agar dapat berkumpul bersama. Semoga adinda sekalian selalu bersemangat dalam meyelesaikan pendidikan, dan bersabar menghadapi segala ujian dalam hidup ini. Semoga segala kebaikan dibalas oleh Allah dengan kebaikan yang berlipat ganda, Amin. Penulis mengharapkan saran dan komentar yang dapat dijadikan masukan dalam penyempurnaan skripsi ini. Penulis juga mengharapkan semoga tulisan ini bermanfaat bagi para pembaca. Banda Aceh, 31 Januari 2017 Penulis DAFTAR TABEL Tabel Halaman 2.1 : Pembagian Ordo pada Subkelas Prosobranchia (Streptoneura)………………………………………………………………..13 2.2 : Pembagian Ordo pada Subkelas Opisthobranchia …………………...........14 2.3 : Pembagian Ordo pada Subkelas Pulmonata …...……………………….....16 3.1 : Alat yang Digunakan dalam Penelitian Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Zona Litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar……... .…………………...24 4.1 : Spesies Gastropoda yang Terdapat di Zona Litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar……………………………………………………..……............28 4.2 : Keanekaragaman Gastropoda di Zona Litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar dari Seluruh Stasiun……......................................................... 51 DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar Halaman 2.1 : Struktur Umum Morfologi Gastropoda ………………………………….. 11 2.2 : Salah Satu Contoh dari Subkelas Prosobranchia dari Ordo Mesogastropoda…………………………………………………...............14 2.3 : Salah Satu Contoh dari Subkelas Opisthobranchia dari Ordo Chepalaspidae ................................................................................................ 15 2.4 : Pembagian Zona Wilayah Laut ........................... …………………………. 20 2.3 : Zona Litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar …………………………. 21 3.1 : Peta Lokasi Penelitian Pantai Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar ……….. 23 3.2 : Stasiun Penelitian Keanekaragaman Gastropoda di Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar……...………………………………...………….. 25 4.1 : Komposisi Gastropoda di Zona Litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar................................................................................ 30 4.2 : Turbo petholatus... ................................................................................... 31 4.3 : Calliostoma zizyphinum ........................................................................... 32 4.4 : Conus abroholsensis ................................................................................ 33 4.5 : Conus ebraeus ......................................................................................... 35 4.6 : Conus sporoides ...................................................................................... 36 4.7 : Morula granulata .................................................................................... 37 4.8 : Charonia achrostoma ............................................................................. 38 4.9 : Cyprae arabica ....................................................................................... 39 4.10 : Cyprae declivis ........................................................................................ 40 4.11 : Cyprae caputsepentis .............................................................................. 41 4.12 : Rhinoclavis sinensis ................................................................................ 42 4.13 : Rhinoclavis sordidula ............................................................................. 43 4.14 : Strombus ureceus .................................................................................... 44 4.15 : Littorina mauritiana ................................................................................ 45 4.16 : Littorina undulata ................................................................................... 46 4.17 : Nerita albicilla ........................................................................................ 47 4.18 : Nerita chamaeleon .................................................................................. 48 4.19 : Nerita lineata .......................................................................................... 49 4.20 : Lottia gigantean ...................................................................................... 50 4.21 : Indeks Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Setiap Stasiun Penelitian di Zona Litoral Lhok Seudu Leupung Aceh Besar.............................................. 53 4.22 : Contoh Cover Buku ................................................................................ 52 DAFTAR ISI LEMBARAN JUDUL ................................................................................. i PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING
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