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Hessisch.Pdf 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis ECHT HESSISCH? 3 Modul 1: 3 MÄRCHEN. ILLUSTRATIONEN, VERORTUNG UND PROVENIENZ DER TEXTE 3 „ÄCHT HESSISCH?“ 4 WO SCHLIEF DORNRÖSCHEN? 5 WO SCHÜTTELT FRAU HOLLE IHRE BETTEN AUS? 6 WO REISTE DER DÄUMLING? 6 MÄRCHEN AUS DEM VOLK? 7 Modul 2 9 VON FRIEDVOLL BIS DÜSTER. ZUR BEDEUTUNG DES WALDES 9 DER MÄRCHENWALD 9 RABEN 10 DIE TAUBE 10 DER WOLF 11 DER WALD 11 DER ASCHENBRENNER 12 HARZSCHARRER UND PECHSIEDER 13 DER KÖHLER 14 HOLZHAUER 15 Modul 3 16 ARMUT UND REICHTUM. LEBEN IN VERSCHIEDENEN WELTEN 16 DIE WOHNKÜCHE ALS ALLZWECKRAUM 16 LÄNDLICHE ARBEIT AM BEISPIEL DER FLACHSVERARBEITUNG 17 KÜCHE 18 DIE WOHNSTUBE 19 TEXTILE HANDWERKSKUNST 20 Modul 4 21 STEREOTYPE IN MÄRCHEN UND REALITÄT 21 SCHICKSALSRAD 22 SPIEGEL 22 DIE SORGENDE MUTTER 22 DIE STIEFMUTTER / HEXE 23 DER MÄCHTIGE KÖNIG 24 DER BÖSE WOLF ALS LÜSTERNER UNHOLD 25 DER ABENTEUERLUSTIGE PRINZ 26 DER PANTOFFELHELD 27 DIE PRINZESSIN 28 DIE PECHMARIE 29 MODUL 5 30 ÜBERGÄNGE IM MENSCHLICHEN LEBEN 30 GEBURT 31 TAUFE 32 KINDTAUFE IN DER CAPPLER KIRCHE 33 HOCHZEIT 33 TOD 34 „MIT HAUT UND HAAREN“ 35 DIE KRONEN FÜR DIE TOTEN 36 „HESSISCHES LEICHENBEGÄNGNIS IM WINTER“ VON LUDWIG KNAUS (1871) 36 2 ECHT HESSISCH? Die Brüder Grimm betonten den hessischen Ursprung der Märchen und ihre Herkunft aus dem einfachen Volk. Die Erzählungen aber stammten aus ganz verschiedenen Regionen. Und wie nebenbei geben die Märchen Auskunft über das Leben und den Alltag im 19. Jahrhundert sowie die damaligen Wert- und Moralvorstellungen. Hier beginnt nun eine Entdeckungsreise durch die Welt der Märchen und durch das All- tagsleben der Vergangenheit. Real Hessian? Country Life Fairy tales The Brothers Grimm stressed that the fairy tales were of Hessian origin and were derived from com- mon folk. The stories, however, come from various regions. And en passant, these fairy tales give information about life and daily routine of the 19th century as well as ideals and moral values of the time. You are about to begin a journey of discovery through the world of fairy tales and the everyday life of the past. Modul 1: MÄRCHEN. ILLUSTRATIONEN, VERORTUNG UND PROVENIENZ DER TEXTE Was viele Menschen glauben: Die Brüder Grimm wanderten durch Hessen und sammelten den hessischen Volks- geist in Märchenform. Sie trafen alte Frauen in Spinnstuben und auf Bauernhöfen und ließen sich althergebrachte Geschichten erzählen. Was viele Menschen nicht erwarten: In Wirklichkeit luden sich die Brüder Grimm junge, gebildete Damen ins Haus und lauschten ihren Erzählungen am Teetisch. Dann setzten sie sich an den Schreibtisch und schrieben das Gehörte nieder. Manches entnahmen sie aber auch alten Schrif- ten, die sie in Archiven und Bibliotheken in ganz Deutschland fanden. Außerdem veränderte Wilhelm Grimm viele Märchentexte im Laufe der Zeit. Er fügte Dinge hinzu, ließ anderes weg und kombinierte verschiedene Textvarianten mitei- nander. Besonders deutlich wird das, wenn man die Urfassung der grimmschen Mär- chensammlung von 1810 mit der letzten von den Brüdern selbst betreuten „Ausgabe letzter Hand“ von 1857 vergleicht. Insgesamt 156 Märchen umfassen die beiden Bände der Erstausgabe der „Kinder- und Hausmärchen“ von 1812 und 1815. In den folgenden Ausgaben wurden Texte durch andere ersetzt und es kamen weitere Märchen hinzu. Die Ausgabe letzter Hand enthielt 211 Erzählungen. Nicht alle der gesammelten Texte gelangten auch zur Veröffentlichung. Die Brüder Grimm hofften, germanische Ursprünge in der mündlichen Überlieferung ausmachen zu können. Sie berücksichtigten dabei nicht die europaweite Verbreitung vieler Märchen. Die Schreibstube als „Ort des Geschehens“ war eine entscheidende Station des Weges von der Erzählung bis zum heute bekannten Märchen. FAIRY TALE: ILLUSTRATIONS, LOCALIZATION AND PROVENIENCE OF THE TEXTS What many people belief: The brothers Grimm wandered through Hesse and collected „Hessian 3 Volksgeist“ in fairy tale form. That they met up with elder women in spinning rooms and on farmsteads and let them tell heirloom stories. What many people don’t expect: In reality they invited young, educated ladies to their house and would listen to their stories at the tea-table. Afterwards they would sit down at their desk and write down the things heard. But also many things they learned from ancient writings, which they found in archives and libraries throughout Germany. More over Wilhelm Grimm changed many fairy tale texts over time. He added things, would leave out others, and also combine different variants of text with one another. This is especially notable if the original version of 1810 is compared with the brothers last self-drafted edition, the „definitive edition“ from 1857. Both first edition volumes of 1812 and 1815 together contain 156 fairy tales. In the edition to follow texts where replaced through others and more fairy tales were added. The definitive edition contains 211 pieces. Not all of the collected works found their way to publication. The brothers Grimm hoped to make out Germanic wellspring in the folk memory/oral traditions. They did not consider the fairy tales wide spread throughout Europe. The typing room as the „place of happening“ was a defining station on the stories way from the beginning to the today well-known fairy tale. „ÄCHT HESSISCH?“ 1815 erschien der zweite Band der Kinder- und Hausmärchen. Die Grimms nannten die Geschichten „urdeutsch“ und „ächt hessisch“. Auch wenn dieser Hinweis ab der zweiten Auflage 1819 nicht mehr zu lesen war, glauben viele Leserinnen und Leser immer noch an den echt hessischen und urdeutschen Ursprung der Märchen. Die Motive der Märchen haben in Wirklichkeit verschiedene europäische und außereuro- päische Wurzeln, stammen aber auch aus literarischen Quellen, zum Beispiel aus der Feder des Dichters Giambattista Basile (1575 –1632), der aus italienischen Er- zähltraditionen schöpfte. Besonders zu erwähnen sind französische Vorbilder. Au- ßerdem führte die Verarbeitung grundlegender menschlicher Erfahrungen zu Ähn- lichkeiten in Märchen unterschiedlicher Kulturen. Das sind etwa Fragen von Leben und Sterben, Gut und Böse, Arm und Reich, der Sexualität, des Verhältnisses von Frau und Mann sowie von Herr und Knecht. Zur Verortung der Märchen in Hessen hat der Marburger Künstler Otto Ubbelohde (1867–1922) entscheidend beigetragen. Seine Illustrationen erwecken den Eindruck, Handlungsorte der Erzählungen darzustellen, auch wenn dies nicht Ubbelohdes Ab- sicht war. Er verfremdete seine Zeichnungen, indem er verschiedene Elemente ver- knüpfte oder den Blickwinkel veränderte. Als Vorlage aber dienten ihm reale Orte. So hat es für den Betrachter den Anschein, als spiele „Aschenputtel“ auf dem Christen- berg bei Mellnau oder „Rapunzel“ in Amönau. Diese Orte wurden durch die Zeich- nungen zu Erinnerungsorten, die der regionalen Bevölkerung kulturelle Identität stif- ten und nicht zuletzt zum Besuch von Touristen führen. Die Verbindung der Märchen mit den realen Orten befriedigt die Sehnsucht nach Fantastischem im Alltag. Anders als die Erzählformen Sage und Legende, sind Mär- chen jedoch weder mit Orten noch mit Zeiten verknüpft. Grimms Märchen sind durch die Arbeit der Brüder mit Hessen und der deutschen Sprache verbunden. An Hessen oder Deutschland gebunden sind sie nicht, sondern auf jeden Ort der Welt übertragbar. 4 “TRULY HESSIAN“? The second volume of “Children’s and Household Tales” was published in 1815. The Grimms called the stories “typically German” and “real Hessian”. Although this note was no longer to be found in the second edition in 1819, many readers still believe in the “typically German” and “real Hessian” origin of the fairy tales. In fact, the fairy tales themes have various European and non-European roots. How- ever at the same time, they come from literary sources penned by, for example, writer Giambattista Basile (1575–1632) who drew upon Italian storytelling traditions. Also worth mentioning, in particular, are the French literary templates. Furthermore, the process of basic essential human experiences led to similarities in fairy tales of various cultures. These concerned matters of life and death, good and evil, the poor and the rich, sexuality and the relationship between man and woman or between master and servant. The Marburg artist Otto Ubbelohde (1867–1922) contributed significantly to localizing the fairy tales in the State of Hesse. His illustrations convey the impression of the stories settings even if this was not his intention. He alienated his drawings by introducing various elements or shifting the angles. But his points of reference were real places. To the beholder it may appear as if “Cinderella” takes place in Christenberg, near Mellnau or “Rapunzel” in Amönau. These locations became memorial sites through his drawings, which endowed cultural identity to the local population and led to an influx of tourists. The fusion of fairy tales with real-place settings fulfilled the longing for a combination of fantasty with everyday life. Unlike narrative forms such as sagas and legends, fairy tales are neither linked to places nor times. Grimms fairy tales are bound to Hesse and the German language through the brothers’ work. At the same time, they are not tied to Hesse or Germany because their settings are transferable to any other place on earth. WO SCHLIEF DORNRÖSCHEN? Seine erste Fassung des Märchens „Dornröschen“ schrieb Jacob Grimm, nachdem ihm Marie Hassenpflug die Geschichte 1810 erzählt hatte. Der Name Dornröschen stellt vermutlich eine Übertragung aus einem orientalischen Feenmärchen dar. In Deutschland trat er
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