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New Records of Plagyrona Gittenberger, 1977 (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Valloniidae) from Europe and Problems About Specific Determination

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New Records of Plagyrona Gittenberger, 1977 (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Valloniidae) from Europe and Problems About Specific Determination Biogeographia – The Journal of Integrative Biogeography 35 (2020): 1–15 https://doi.org/10.21426/B635043631 New records of Plagyrona Gittenberger, 1977 (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Valloniidae) from Europe and problems about specific determination ENRICO TALENTI, SIMONE CIANFANELLI*, MARCO BODON Museo di Storia Naturale del Sistema Museale d’Ateneo dell’Università di Firenze, Sezione Zoologica “La Specola”, Via Romana 17, 50125 Florence (Italy), email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] * corresponding author Keywords: Mediterranean area, Plagyrona placida, Plagyrona angusta, species distribution. SUMMARY The genus Plagyrona Gittenberger, 1977, includes only two small species of terrestrial snail: Plagyrona angusta Holyoak and Holyoak, 2012, and Plagyrona placida (Shuttleworth, 1852). While P. angusta is known only from Portugal, P. placida has a vast but fragmented distribution: it is known from some of the Macaronesian islands (Madeira and the Canary Archipelago) and some European countries: Portugal, France (in Corsica only), Italy (including Sardinia and the Tuscan Archipelago), Albania, Greece (in the Ionian Islands only) and North Africa (Algeria). New research has led to redefine the distribution range of P. angusta, identifying new populations in Spain (Balearic Islands), continental France (Var department), southern Italy (Campania), Sardinia and Greece (Kerkyra Island) and to discover new sites of P. placida on Pantelleria island and of Plagyrona spp. in Zannone island and southern Italy. The specific determination of these and others populations by examination of recent literature from Sardinia, Campania and Calabria, was carried out on a morphometric basis, but, for some populations, the variability of the diagnostic characters and the limited number of available specimens, do not allow a precise assignment. On the other hand, the existence of two distinct species is not evident at all, at least in the Mediterranean countries. INTRODUCTION placida (Shuttleworth, 1852) and P. angusta The genus Plagyrona Gittenberger, 1977, is one Holyoak and Holyoak, 2012. of the six European genera of small terrestrial Plagyrona placida has a fairly large but molluscs belonging to the circumglobal family fragmented distribution (Cianfanelli et al. 2013, of the Valloniidae Morse, 1864, which includes Holyoak and Holyoak 2012, Bank and Neubert about 65 species (Schileyko 1998). The genus 2017), having been reported from the Canary Plagyrona includes two species only: P. Islands (El Hierro, La Gomera, La Palma, Tenerife) (Wollaston 1878, Ibáñez et al. 2001, Bank et al. 2002, Brito and Fraga 2010), decreasing mesh sieves and the specimens were Madeira (Wollaston 1878, Waldén 1983, Bank visually separated or through a binocular et al. 2002, Cameron et al. 2006, Seddon 2008) microscope. The photographs of the shells were and Porto Santo island (as fossil only; Cameron taken with the light microscope and related et al. 2006), Portugal (Servain 1880, Silva and software. All dimensions (H, shells height; D, Castro 1887, Locard 1899, Gittenberger 1977, shells diameter; h, aperture height; d, aperture Oliveira 2008, 2009, 2010, Torres and Oliveira diameter; U, umbilicus diameter) were 2010), Corsica (Ripken and Bouchet 1998, measured using a micrometer on the light Falkner et al. 2002), Albania (Reischhütz et al. microscope. For the analysis of morphometric 2008, Ferhér and Eróss 2009), Italy, in the data (ratios between the dimensions of the shell Tuscan Archipelago and Sardinia included for describing the differences in shape between (Cianfanelli et al. 2013, Manganelli et al. 2015, the two species: H/D, h/d, U/d, U/H) the Excel 2017) and Greece, in the Ionian Islands of software 2016 (for linear regression curves, for Kerkyra, Ithaki and Kephalonia (Gittenberger the purpose of verifying the isometric or 1989); moreover, it is also known from Algeria allometric model of growth, verifying the best (north-western Africa) (Bourguignat 1863, regression curve in order to apply a correction 1864, Gittenberger 1977). Plagyrona angusta, value to the rations of the parameters for the on the other hand, has been described and specific determination on the basis of the reported in Portugal only (Holyoak and results in literature) and PAST 3.19 (for Holyoak 2012). Principal Components Analysis, PCA, for the In Cianfanelli et al. (2013) a synthesis of purpose of verifying the weight of the the knowledge on the distribution of P. placida diagnostic parameter and how clustering the was carried on, reporting the species collected specimens/populations, and Non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS, for grouping for the first time in several Italian localities together the objects (or variables), based on (Sardinia, Campania and Calabria); subsequently Manganelli et al. (2015, 2017) their similarity or correlation, so that the discovered populations of Plagyrona in the elements of a group are as similar as possible to Tuscan Archipelago (Capraia, Elba, each other) were used (Hammer et al. 2001). Montecristo, Giglio islands) and from Monte Data for PCA and NMDS were normalized. Argentario in Tuscany, always identifying them The collection data are listed as follows: as P. placida. This research has ascertained a locality, collection site, altitude, municipality wider distribution for this genus, which was and province/department/region in parentheses, found in Balearic Islands in Spain (Mallorca UTM coordinates (ED 50), denomination of the Island), in southern France (Var department), SCI (a Site of Community Importance, as and in some small Italian islands (Zannone and defined in the European Commission Habitats Pantelleria). The characters that distinguish the Directive, 92/43/EEC), if the locality is inside a two species are not constant and therefore a protected area, collectors and dates, number of morphometric study has been carried out for the shells and collection in parentheses. Names of specific attribution, in order to verify the the localities were taken from the following diagnostic characters and update the maps: for Italy, from the Istituto Geografico geographical distribution of these taxa. Militare 1:25,000 chart; for France, from Institut Géographique National 1:25,000; for Spain, Mallorca, from Kompass 1:75,000 map; MATERIALS AND METHODS for Greece, from the Greek Atlas 1:300,000, Shells were collected in Mediterranean areas of Studio F.M.B. Bologna 1991/92 edition; UTM Spain, France, Italy and Greece, from alluvial coordinates were taken from the same maps or debris or litter; they were sieved using detected by GPS. 2 Biogeographia 35: 1–15 Talenti et al., 2020 Figure 1. Shells of Plagyrona angusta Holyoak and Holyoak, 2012, from France (A), Greece (B-C), Spain (D) and Italy (E- F). A, Gapeau River, downstream the dam near La Clapières, upstream L'Oratoire (Hyères, Var, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur), 32T KN6881, M. Bodon & S. Cianfanelli leg. 29/12/2016 (MZUF GC/52475); B-C, small valley from Lakones to Paleokastritsa (Paleokastritsa, Kerkyra, Ionian Islands), 34S CJ8992, E. Talenti leg. 05/07/1993 (MZUF GC/45670); D, Torrent dels Camps, near Can Corlet (Pollenca, Mallorca Island, Balearic Islands), 31S EE0015, M. Bodon & S. Cianfanelli leg. 30/12/2014 (MZUF GC/57153); E, gorge of Bianco River, La Montagnola (Buccino, Salerno, Campania), 33T WE3395, S. Cianfanelli & E. Talenti leg. 18/05/2014 (MZUF GC/46610); F, mouth of Codula de Sisine (Baunei, Ogliastra, Sardinia), 32T NK5348, E. Talenti leg. 5/07/2017 (MZUF GC/57303). Talenti et al., 2020 Biogeographia 35: 1–15 3 Figure 2. Shells of Plagyrona placida (Shuttleworth, 1852) (A) and Plagyrona sp. (B-F) from Italy. A, Passo del Kherch near the cave of Brigante, Montagna Grande, Pantelleria Island (Pantelleria, Trapani, Sicily), 33S TA3274, S. Cianfanelli & E. Talenti leg. 30/04/2013 (MZUF GC/43241); B, SSE of Zannone Island above Punta di Levante (Ponza, Latina, Latium); 33T UF3637, S. Cianfanelli & E. Talenti leg. 22/05/2014 (MZUF GC/54665); C-D, Argentino River near Orsomarso (Orsomarso, Cosenza, Calabria), 33S WE7705, S. Cianfanelli & E. Talenti leg. 27/04/1995 (MZUF GC/57182); E, Bussento River upstream the confluence of Sciarapotamo Stream, 3 km E Torre Orsaia (Morigerati, Salerno, Campania), 33T WE4342, M. Bodon & S. Cianfanelli leg. 05/01/2013 (MZUF GC/42579); F, Tanagro River 700 m SW from Auletta (Auletta, Salerno, Campania), 33T WE3589, S. Cianfanelli & E. Talenti leg. 21/04/1996 (MZUF GC/48110). 4 Biogeographia 35: 1–15 Talenti et al., 2020 The examined material is presently preserved in the following collections: Museo Plagyrona placida (Shuttleworth, 1852) di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze, Sezione Zoologica "La Specola", Via Romana For literature before 2012, see Cianfanelli et al. 17, Florence, Italy (MZUF); M. Bodon, Via (2013). delle Eriche 100/8, Genoa, Italy (MBC); S. Plagyrona placida, Welter-Schultes 2012: 205. Cianfanelli, Via Monferrato 3, Florence, Italy Plagyrona placida, Holyoak and Holyoak 2012: 153- (SCC); E. Talenti, Piazza Parri 4, Figline e 165, Figs. 1 A-C, 3 E-F. Incisa Valdarno, Florence, Italy (ETC). Plagyrona placida, Cadevall and Orozco 2016: 167. Plagyrona placida, Bank and Neubert 2017: 56. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Plagyrona placida, Welter-Schultes 2018. Systematics Plagyrona placida, Holyoak et al. 2019: 127. Plagyrona angusta Holyoak and Holyoak, Description 2012. Shell (Fig. 2) very small (0.7-1.6 mm in height Plagyrona angusta, Holyoak and Holyoak 2012: 153- (H); 1.0-2.3 mm in diameter (D); 0.2-0.6
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