Three Essays on Technology Innovation
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Products, Platforms, and Open Innovation: Three Essays on Technology Innovation By Shivendu Pratap Singh B.E., South Gujarat University, 2005 M.B.A., Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 2008 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2020 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH JOSEPH M. KATZ GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS This dissertation was presented by Shivendu Pratap Singh It was defended on April 24, 2020 and approved by Dr Anol Bhattacherjee, Professor, Muma College of Business, University of South Florida Dr Zia Hydari, Assistant Professor of Business Administration, Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh Dissertation Advisors: Dr Chris F. Kemerer, David M. Roderick Professor of Information Systems and Professor of Business Administration, Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh Dr Narayan Ramasubbu, Associate Professor of Business Administration, Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Shivendu Pratap Singh 2020 iii Table of Contents Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... ix 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Essay 1: Design in Complex Assembled Digital Products: A Longitudinal Analysis of Television Components ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.2 CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 15 2.2.1 Entry and Exit of a Component in a Dominant Design Configuration ...................... 16 2.2.2 Pleiotropy and component adoption .............................................................................. 19 2.2.3 Open Standards and Component Adoption ................................................................. 22 2.2.4 Innovation Source and Component Adoption .............................................................. 24 2.3 VARIABLE OPERATIONALIZATION AND MODEL ESTIMATION.................................. 27 2.3.1 Data Collection ................................................................................................................. 27 2.3.2 Variables ............................................................................................................................ 28 2.3.3 Estimation Models ............................................................................................................ 31 2.4 ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................. 34 2.4.1 Descriptive Statistics ........................................................................................................ 34 2.4.2 Hypothesis Test Results .................................................................................................. 34 2.5 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................ 44 2.6 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 49 3 Essay 2: Product Market Competition, Platform Business Model and, Firm Performance ............................................................................................................................................ 51 3.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 51 3.2 CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 56 3.2.1 Product Market Fluidity and Firm Performance ........................................................... 56 3.2.2 Product Market Fluidity and Firm Performance ........................................................... 59 3.3 VARIABLE OPERATIONALIZATION AND ESTIMATION ................................................. 65 3.3.1 Data .................................................................................................................................... 65 3.3.2 Variables ............................................................................................................................ 66 iv 3.3.3 Estimation Model .............................................................................................................. 76 3.3.4 Identification Strategy ...................................................................................................... 77 3.4 RESULTS .................................................................................................................................. 79 3.4.1 Descriptive Statistics ........................................................................................................ 79 3.4.2 System GMM estimations ............................................................................................... 81 3.4.3 Additional Analysis ........................................................................................................... 85 3.4.4 Robust Analysis ................................................................................................................ 89 3.5 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................ 93 3.6 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 96 4 Essay 3: Open Innovation, Absorptive Capacity, and Firm Performance. ..................... 98 4.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 98 4.2 CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................ 103 4.3 EMPIRICAL METHOD AND DATA ..................................................................................... 113 4.3.1 Data and variables ......................................................................................................... 113 4.3.2 Estimation Model ............................................................................................................ 119 4.3.3 Identification Strategy .................................................................................................... 120 4.4 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................ 126 4.4.1 Descriptive Statistics ...................................................................................................... 126 4.4.2 Open-source engagement and firm performance ..................................................... 130 4.4.3 Open-source engagement intensity and firm performance ..................................... 134 4.4.4 Open-source engagement and firm performance ..................................................... 137 4.4.5 Robust Analysis .............................................................................................................. 141 4.5 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................... 149 4.6 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 152 5 Thesis Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 154 6 References ..................................................................................................................................... 159 7 Appendices .................................................................................................................................... 174 7.1 Appendix A .............................................................................................................................. 174 7.2 Appendix B .............................................................................................................................. 182 7.3 Appendix C .............................................................................................................................. 191 v List of Tables Table 1: Survival Model Results: Component Dominance ............................................ 36 Table 2: Censored Negative Binomial Regression: Component Longevity ................... 39 Table 3: Sensitivity Analysis: Component Dominance .................................................. 41 Table 4: Additional Models to Check Robustness of Results ........................................ 43 Table 5: Naïve-Bayes classification for measuring platform .......................................... 72 Table 6: Variable Descriptions ...................................................................................... 76 Table 7: