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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI 1 J93S. I hereby recommend that the thesis prepared under my supervision bu ___________________ entitled TVip Aphorisms of GeoTg Christoph Lichtenberg _______ with a Brief Life of Their Author. Materials for a _______ Biography of Lichtenberg. ______________________________________ be accepted as fulfilling this part of the requirements for the degree o f (p /fc -£^OQOTj o Approved by: <r , 6 ^ ^ FORM 660—G.S. ANO CO.—lM—7«33 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE APHORISMS OF GEORG CHRISTOPH LICHTENBERG i WITH A BRIEF LIFE OF THEIR AUTHOR Materials for a Biography of Lichtenberg A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 1959 by Charles V.illiam Rechenbach A.B. University of Cincinnati 1955 id.A. University of Cincinnati 1954 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: DP16006 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform DP16006 Copyright2009 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CONTENTS Introduction.............. ......................... iv A Note on the Sources ................ x A Brief Life of Lichtenberg ..................... xiv A Prefatory Note to the Translations ................ 2 Abbreviations ........................................................................................ 5 Selected Aphorisms of Georg Christoph Lichtenberg in English Translation .......................... 7 I . Autobiographical Notices andAphorisms . 7 I I . Character and Physiognomy ............ 28 III.Philosophy and Religion ........................................ 63 IV. Language and L iterature ............. .’................ 92 V. Education .............. 128 VI. University and Scholarship .......... 132 VII.The National Characters .............................. 146 VIII.Politics and Society ............................ 151 IX. Epigrams ................................................................................. 164 X. Jocoseria .................... 175 Notes on the Aphorisms ...................................................................... 187 Appendix: The Two Chief Contemporary Sources for Lichtenberg1s Biography ............................................... 246 I. Abraham Gotthelf K astner’s Blogium 1. The Latin Text ........................................... 247 2. An English Translation .................................... 262 II. Putter’s Versuch einer academischen Geschichte 286 Bibliography .................................................................................... 291 Name-Index ......................................................... 300 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Den redlichen Mann zu erkennen 1st in vielen Fallen leicht, aber nicht in alien,... (J944) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INTRODUCTION Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. iv There are few undertakings less profitable than the attempt to ’’play the angel of historical resurrec­ tion,11 as Keboel once phrased it. This is more true, probably, in literary history than elsewhere; for the poet or writer once "dead" to the established canon of presentability has a ’way of stubuornly clinging to the fact of his decease. There is no denying that ob­ livion is usually well deserved, ".... denn alias, was entsteht, 1st wert, dass es zu Grunde geht." Reason as one will on the laws of taste and the shift­ ing standards of criticism, Lephisto still has the facts in his favor. The present study accepts the charge of being such an attempted act of resuscitation: in some respects the rather violent dragging of an unwilling Lazarus from what must be a fa irly comfortable and congenial tomb. Deep, and perhaps solacing too, is the well of forgot­ Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. V tenness — for those who, like Robert Southey, longed for immediate fame and lasting renown; and deeper still for those who, during their lifetimes, fought shy of the popu­ lar fancy, sought only to meet their own requirements, to satisfy themselves, and naturally failed in that. Georg Christoph Lichtenberg entertained no heady no­ tions regarding the durability of his published work, such as it was; and his unpublished writings, the so-called "Aphorisms," were set down witnout thought of publication in their extant form. They wrere the product of a simple, uncaleulating urge to write about, describe, analyze, and probe into anything and everything — an impulse as natu­ ral to Lichtenberg as his utter inability to complete any considerable piece of prose on similar subjects. He planned, rather vaguely and airily, to organize these frag­ ments into larger, ambitious works, and earmarked some of them for such a purpose. But these shows of practicality were sops to his conscience more than signs of genuine in­ tention. The "Waste-Books" — as he called the volumes in which he gathered these varia et diversa — remained "waste- books" to the end. The balance was never drawn and entered in the formal ledger. Yet such was the character of his mind that the frag­ ments became little organisms with all the attributes of life, and even trivia took on a certain brightness and Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. charm when he chose to fix on them. Often the trivial is only seemingly so. Goethe, Lichtenberg’s friend and correspondent, was struck by this truth and remarked that where Lichtenberg makes a jest, a problem often lies hidden.^ Lichtenberg’s was a keen and subtle mind — one not too quickly to be judged.by semblances; a mind too sharp for its own comfort, and too honest to be tempered by the pain it caused itself; an inward- turning mind that felt things and people as parts of itself, and dealt with them accordingly — in all, a mind which, despite its great individuality, was in the best sense typical of the good Dix-Huitieme: seeming modern at times, often strikingly so, yet with that strange, un-"modern,!! ironic ease and gentility that are always dying, but never dead, and constitute, per­ haps, the ground-bass of true intellectuality in our own age no less than in Lichtenberg’s. It is this quality of his mind and temper that is revealed in his Aphorisms, and can hardly be analyzed; the quality which attracted hietzsche and was among the factors that moved him to cite the Aphorisms next after l f,Liehtenbergs Schriften konnen wir uns als der wunder- barsten Wiinschelrute bedienen; wo er einen Spass macht, liegt ein Problem verborgen." (Spriiche in Prosa, Hempel Ed., XIX, 188.) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. vii Goethe's Conversations v\rith Eckermann in his famous lis t of German prose works worth reading more than once,-*- and which moved Hebbel to exclaim that he would rather be forgotten with Lichtenberg than immortal p with Jean Paul. It is a quality that cannot be ade­ quately defined, but reveals itself freely and openly to the reader who can feel any kinship with it. It is part and
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