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Senate Bill to Require Humane Treatment of Experi- Bill Identical to S A IO AIMA WEAE ISIUE 22 EAS th SEE, EW YOK, . Y. 000 January-February, 1965 l. 4, . SEAOS CAK, AE, Y, COMAIO I IOUCE Y MUSKIE A YOUG SOSO COGESSMA CEEA UMAE EAME I Congressman James C. Cleveland (R., N.H.) introduced Senator Joseph S. Clark of Pennsylvania, chief sponsor in the U.S. House of Representatives on March second a of the Senate bill to require humane treatment of experi- bill identical to S. 0. The number of Congressman mental animals in the Eighty-Eighth and Eighty-Ninth Cleveland's bill is H.R. 64. In introducing it he said: Congresses, reintroduced his bill on February ninth. He "Humane protection for laboratory animals is a proper was-joined by Senator E. L. Bartlett of Alaska, Senator concern for any civilized society. I have studied many Harry F. Byrd of Virginia, Senator Edmund S. Muskie of proposals and am convinced my bill will provide standards Maine, and Senator Stephen M. Young of Ohio. The bill, of humane treatment without impairing legitimate research. S. 1071, would provide humane treatment for all animals It follows closely the guidelines established in England used in experiments and tests by the Federal Government in 86. That law is still in force today and has the ap- and by institutions receiving grants from the Federal Gov- proval of the overwhelming majority of responsible British ernment. scientists. (For the full text of Senator Clark's remarks, see page 4.) (Continued on page 2 The following editorial published by the Ann Arbor, EW EIIO O "ASIC CAE Mich, News, March 6, 1965 expresses clearly the need for O EEIMEA AIMAS" immediate passage of S. 1071. EMASIES AAGESICS A new edition of "Basic Care of Experimental Animals" ltd Ad fr Anl is now in press. An important addition to this manual A minor phenomenon worthy of encouragement is tak- which is supplied free on request to scientific institutions ing place in the U.S. Senate. by the Animal Welfare Institute, is a new chapter on the Sens. Joseph S. Clark, D-Pa., and Harry F. Byrd, D-Va. use of pre and post operative analgesics in experimental —who seldom agree on political matters—have joined as animal medicine. Written by a distinguished veterinarian co-sponsors of a bill. who is experienced in both laboratory animal medicine and S.1071, introduced by Sen. Clark Feb. 9, is modeled on clinical practice of veterinary medicine, it will add to the British law dating back to 1876, requiring humane treat- humane and practical value of the manual. ment of vertebrate animals used in scientific research. "Basic Care for Experimental Animals" is designed for This is not an antivivisection bill. "I would not intro- animal caretakers. It may be ordered in quantity by scien- duce or support any measure to outlaw or curtail research tists or administrators so that each technician or caretaker which is responsibly and humanely conducted," Sen. Clark who has charge of animals may have his own copy. Re- comments. quests for copies of the new edition may be sent now to His bill, while recognizing that research involving ani- the office of the Animal Welfare Institute, and the manuals mals can not be made entirely painless, would set up com- will be mailed as soon as published. Chapter eight is re- mon sense rules for laboratories receiving federal funds. printed below. Scientists intending to use live animals in research would receive individual licenses which could be withdrawn from E USE O E A OS OEAIE anyone responsible for inhumane treatment: AAGESICS I EEIMEA There would be periodic, unannounced inspections by AIMA MEICIE qualified persons with access to animal quarters, laboratory by . C. ESCEOEE, D.V.M. facilities and records: Adequately sized cages, periodic removal for exercise It is common practice in clinical veterinary medicine to and cleaning, and proper feeding, would be required for use analgesic drugs before and after surgical anesthesia. animals held for research purposes. The purpose of these drugs is to reduce the sensibility of Animals suffering lasting pain following experiments the animal and hasten induction of anesthesia, as well as would have to be put out of their agony instead of being to cause a "smooth" recovery. It seems that these drugs used repeatedly for experiments. should be used more than they are in experimental medi- cine and surgery. Many investigators are unfamiliar with the fact that these drugs are both scientifically advantageous SEN. CLARK himself provides the best summary of and aid greatly in humane handling of animals. It is in- why federal legislation on this subject is desirable. deed true that good scientific technique and humane treat- "There is no need for a country as idealistic as the ment are so closely allied that they are almost inseparable. United States to condone the suffering which great num- Some of the drugs useful as pre and post operative bers of these animals undergo before they die. This need- analgesics are the tranquilizers, (Sparine), the opiates less suffering does nothing to advance science or human (Morphine), and Atropine. The tranquilizers and opiates welfare. Research performed on unhealthy animals reduce conscious sensory perception and therefore alleviate accoppanied by unnecessary pain contributes to scientific fear and reduce the amount of intravenous or inhalant error, wasted funds, confusion in scientific literature . anesthesia needed to accomplish proper surgical depth. "Research in the biological sciences now receives more These drugs also reduce the severity and length of the support from the U.S. government than from any other excitement stage during the recovery periods. Many su source. It is our responsibility no longer to condone need- gica endeavors can be nullified if the excitement stage less suffering." during anesthetic recovery is not mitigated. Sen. Clark's bill is now in the Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee, of which Sen. Lister Hill, D-Ala. is os- oeaie. Wa Ca Caeakes o? chairman. Atropine reduces secretion (i.e., saliva and bronchial Last year, a similar bill died in committee because ani- mucous) and blocks secondary cardiac depressing effects mal dealers who favor the status quo demonstrated more of anesthesia. interest than those who would like the bill passed. The Care must be exercised when the analgesics are used, fate of such proposals is one guideline by which American for they potentiate some anesthetic agents. Certain anal- civilization can be judged. (Continued on page 2) EW EIIO O "ASIC CAE" MONKEYS SHOW PREFERENCE (Cntnd fr p FOR PERCHES of a perch is of great importance to gesic antagonists should be available in case of respiratory The provision depression or cardiac failure. It would be well to investi- monkeys. gate and determine precisely which drugs are recommended The following note is reprinted from the rt Vol. 3, No. 3, with the kind permission of the to antagonize each individual analgesic. lttr, authors, Dr. Feldman and Dr. Green. Tranquilizers are the most practical analgesic to use, and they can be readily given by mouth. The untoward effects "A ec o Squie Mokeys "In the process of starting a colony of squirrel monkeys, (mentioned in the foregoing paragraph) are much less we have found that a wooden dowel, y4 to 1 inch in likely to occur if the drug is given by mouth. Dosage diameter, makes a highly acceptable perch. In cages which should be determined by reading insert brochure and/or are 19 in. high, 15 in. deep, and 2 in. wide, the dowels label on bottle. are mounted from side to side near the center so that the Summarizing: animals can sit upright without hitting the roof or can (1) It is desirable to direct the attention of scientific walk underneath without difficulty. The dowels are cut to investigators to the fact that analgesics are desirable for a length which is just greater than the width of the cages scientific as well as humane purposes. and are wedged against the sides tightly enough to prevent rotation. A nail, driven off-center into each end of a dowel (2 I is important to know that deep depression can 4 occur if the analgesics are over-dosed. and extending outwards about inch, provides a hook which prevents downward movement and which further (3) The oral route is an efficient and practical method counteracts rotation. The firmness-of-mounting variable to employ for safe administration of tranquilizers. appears to be important, because our animals prefer the (4) Unlike narcotics, the use of tranquilizers requires present perches to dowels that can revolve and to dowels no narcotics license or Federally regulated accounting suspended like a trapeze from the roof of the cage. We procedures. estimate that the monkeys spend about 90 per cent of their time on these perches, and therefore, we think, at the risk of being nonobjective, that they enjoy them." COMAIO I IOUCE Y ROBERT S. FELDMAN COGESSMA CEEA KENNETH F. GREEN (Cntnd fr p Psychology Department University of Massachusetts "M bill would eliminate a great deal of the needless Amherst, Massachusetts duplication of experiments on animals that exists today. Last year, when I was a member of the Select Committee A further observation on the provision of perches or on Government Research I was deeply troubled by testi- shelves for squirrel monkeys was published in the rt mony we received concerning the tremendous amount of lttr, Vol. 4, No. 1, and is worthy of note. experimental duplication involving operations on animals where the work had already been done and the results Squirrel Monkey Perching Habits were known." "Caged squirrel monkeys will spend most of their time as noted by Feldman A statement from the Congressman's office noted: "The on perches if perches are provided 1964, 3 (No.
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