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P49-53 Saving the Lemur Frog.Indd FEATURE | AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION Amphibian conservation in Costa Rica and Manchester A unique eff ort is being co- ecently, I had the privilege of meeting J. C-S: Thanks for taking the time to share ordinated in Manchester, to save Andrew Gray, the Curator of Herpetology at Q the work that you are doing in terms of the Manchester Museum, and members of amphibian conservation around the world a rare amphibian in Costa Rica. his team. This museum is one of the very with us. Firstly, I must say that I have fallen Rfew that boasts a comprehensive collection of totally in love with the lemur frog on John Courteney-Smith of live reptiles on display, and also specialises in the appearance alone, but what fi rst attracted Arcadia Reptile reports on this conservation of some of the world’s most you to this species? global scheme, which involves a endangered amphibians. range of key partner Manchester Museum is part of a consortium of This particular frog is very close to my institutions that are carrying out essential work in A heart as it was thought to be almost organisations and supporters. Europe and also Costa Rica, in an eff ort to save extinct in Costa Rica after disappearing from one very rare amphibian - the lemur leaf frog many areas where it once existed, including (Agalychnis lemur). This small frog is found only in the Monteverde Cloud Forest. It vanished from one last remaining area of Costa Rica, although there about the same time that the stunning others from distinctly diff erent populations are golden toad (Bufo periglenes) was last seen, in Lemur frogs' distribution also known to exist in small numbers in Panama the 1980s. That species probably became and Colombia. extinct in only one year - no-one collected When I had a few moments to chat with any tadpoles beforehand, and it has not been Andrew, (who is a real life Indiana Jones!), I reported since then. The only evidence that we thought it would be interesting to fi nd out more have of its behaviour was the footage shot for about this amazing frog, and to gain an insight Sir David Attenborough’s BBC series, Life on into Andrew’s passion for amphibian Earth, in the 1970s. The distinctive, isolated Costa Rican population is the most northerly. conservation. I spend a lot of my time in Costa Rica and the MARCH 2013 | 49 The golden toad is now feared to be extinct. lemur leaf frogs we are working with come from the last remaining site for the species there. Many years ago, I was granted special permission by the Costa Rican authorities to collect a few tadpoles, with a view to helping to conserve the species. That was over 10 years ago, and I have been working to support these amazing little frogs ever since. What fi rst ignited the reptile and Q amphibian passion that you so clearly have, and how did it evolve from simply keeping them into proactive conservation? Rather than being interested in A playing football as a young boy, I used to ask my Grandma to take me to a park called Ashton Gardens in St Annes, near Blackpool, where I grew up. I was the happiest kid ever just to be left all day long by More and more changed environmental conditions the lake with my fi shing net and Q amphibians are associated with this extra moisture and trusty yellow plastic bucket. My becoming the cooler temperatures. days were fi lled with climbing trees and endangered, and in However, the direct impact of people being surrounded by nature, and Andrew Gray as a boy fact the IUCN rate the lemur frog as on the environment is the main cause for particularly collecting and examining in park at St. Annes, near being critically endangered. What are the disappearance of these frogs; habitat Blackpool, with his trusty newts, tadpoles, frogs and toads - yellow bucket. the causes of their plight? loss, and the spraying of banned basically anything alive! pesticides into the atmosphere from When around nature, I was in my Several factors connected with our aeroplanes in countries such as Costa element. My interest in nature and A changing climate feature as the main Rica doesn’t help, as all amphibians wildlife has always been there, but was reasons, and they are all inter-linked. absorb the moisture they require directly especially re-kindled when I fi rst went to Cooling in the highlands, caused by a through their skin instead of drinking. It South America on a 575km (360ml) trip thicker cloud cover, is one cause for the seems many highland species are in a “no down the Amazon some 20 years ago. It demise of these frogs, as they rely on the win” situation as the chytrid fungus also broke my heart to witness at fi rst hand heat from the sun. Another factor is the prevents clean water being absorbed the large scale deforestation that was deadly chytrid fungus that thrives in the through their skin. taking place – it was after that that I knew I had to try my best in life to make You have been to Costa Rica to a diff erence, in terms of conserving work extensively with the frogs Q nature in any way that I could. alongside the Costa Rican Amphibian Lemur leaf I changed jobs, and I now try to ignite frog in pro! le. Research Centre (CRARC). Why is that interest in nature in others, ©Chris Mattison. supporting and working with the particularly in children, as they are the CRARC so important to the future of future. I also attempt to conserve species this species? more directly through specifi c conservation programmes, like the The Costa Rican Amphibian Research model one we have initiated for the A Centre is a very special place. Every lemur leaf frog. time I go there, I am still amazed by all the diff erent species that can be seen there, and the level of commitment toward amphibian conservation displayed by Brian Kubicki, who runs CRARC and has become a good friend of mine. There are more amphibian species at the CRARC than anywhere else in Costa Rica, with some species only occurring there. The location of the site is most important, specifi cally its elevation and the associated weather conditions. The microclimate conditions have not changed there and are still perfect for the survival of many species. Thanks to Brian’s commitment to conservation, he bought the land and established the CRARC especially to protect the habitat from outside infl uences. The area is now protected from deforestation and pet trade 50 |Practical Reptile Keeping FEATURE | AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION smugglers, and the habitat is being modifi ed where necessary by re-planting to ensure a perfect environment for frogs remains. His organisation is key to Project Lemur Frog, as supporting the future of the wild population is paramount. You believe that changes in the Q environment are responsible for the proliferation of the deadly chytrid fungus, but can anything be done in these wild environments to provide a safer habitat for the animals, or do we have to collect as many as we can now, treat and hopefully breed them until a better environment is found for re-introduction? Such pathogens are not new, and A there are always such threats to wild animals in conjunction with ever changing environments. Under such No species should be allowed to become Lemur leaf frog. to being able to support re-introduction. circumstances, change may adversely extinct if we can still do something about ©Chris Mattison. Then, and only then, maybe we may aff ect one species, while creating it. actually be able re-introduce these conditions more suitable for another. The It is most important we preserve and species. problem we face now is the speed of that physically protect these remaining I believe wild animals really belong in change, and the fact that we are directly suitable habitats and the animals that still the wild, so keeping any in captivity is responsible for it. Some animals just survive there - at all cost! Unfortunately, not something I would consider lightly. cannot adapt fast enough and are many of the frogs maintained in captivity The primary aim of the Project Lemur disappearing rapidly because of us. can never go back or be re-introduced to Frog is actively helping to support and We can do little about recent changes the wild, for various reasons, but they can protect the wild population, and any in weather patterns and such like, but make exceptionally good educational associated research carried out is totally wherever suitable pockets of habitat tools to help deliver the right message. non-invasive and aimed at helping care remain, with the right environmental We are impacting directly on these for the captive animals in the very best conditions for the species to survive, they species’ ability to survive, so we are fully way we can. will do so, if protection against other responsible for their survival. Specimens The conservation of these frogs is at a potentially harmful infl uences can be kept in captivity as part of this project are diff erent level than most people realise. It provided. The world will be a poorer maintained to provide a viable ‘safety net’, Bristol Zoo’s lemur is not about how many we collect, or place if we allow species such as the if ever the wild population should frog room, known as an how many we can breed, it is about golden toad of Monteverde to disappear.
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