Continuing Education of a Foundation Board Member Smazzer
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The Bancroft Library University of California/~erkele~ Regional Oral History Office BAY AREA FOUNDATION HISTORY Volume IV Frank Sloss Tradition and Change: Continuing Education of a Foundation Board Member Edmond S. Gillette, Jr. SmaZZer Foundation Trusteeship: ObZigations to Friendship and the Community Charles Glock A Socio Zogist Coments on Getting, Using, and Making Grants Jean Gerlinger Kuhn Balance and Order in a Community Trust William Matson Roth The Traditiun of VoZuntary SoZutions to Pub Zic Prob Zems Richard L. Foster Avoiding InstitutionaZ Entropy: A SchooZ Superintendent 's View Orville Luster Growth of a Grassroots Youth Agency in the 1960s Obie Benz and Peter Stern A New Generation of Grant-making Ideas Interviews Conducted by Gabrielle Morris Copy No. @ 1976 by The Regents of the University of California This manuscript is made available for research purposes. No pet of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California at Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Library, and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Bay Area Foundation History Series, Volume IV PREFACE Frank Sloss, Tradition and Change: Continuing Education of a Foundat ion Board Member Edmond S. Gillette, Jr., Smaller Foundation Trusteeship: Obligations to Friendship and the Community Charles Glock, A Sociologist Comments on Getting, Using, and Making Grants Jean Gerlinger Kuhn, Balance and Order in a Community Trust William Matson Roth, The Tradition of Voluntary Solutions to Public Problems Richard L. Foster, Avoiding Institutional Entropy: A School Superintendent's View Orville Luster, Growth of a Grassroots Youth Agency in the 1960s Obie Benz and Peter Stern, A New Generation of Grant-making Ideas INDEX Bay Area Foundation History Series June, 1976 Volume I Introduction to series John Rickard May, Building a Community Foundation Volume I1 Ruth Chance, At the Heart of Grants for Youth Volume I11 Daniel E. Koshland, Responding to the Flow of New Ideas in the Conomcnity Philip S,. Ehrlich, Sr., An Attorney's Twenty-five Yems of Philanthropic Service Josephine Whitney Duveneck, Working for a Real Democracy with ChiZdren and other Minority Groups Marjorie Doran Elkus , Recollections of Srm Francisco Private Agencies and Foundations, 2935-2950 Dorothy W. Erskine, Environmental Quality and Planning: Continuity of Volunteer Leadership Florence Richardson Wyckoff, A Volunteer Career, from the Arts and Education to Public Health Issues Emmett Gamaliel Solomon, A Corporate Citizen's Concern for the Effective- ness of a Community Foundation Bill Somerville, A Foundation Executive in Training, 2962-2974 Volume IV Frank Sloss , Tradition and Change: Continuing Education of a Foundation Board Member Edmond S. Gillette, Jr., Smaller ~oundationTrusteeship: Obligations to Friendship and the Cmnity Charles Glock, A Sociologist Comments on Getting, Using, and Making Grants Jean Gerlinger Kuhn, Balance and Order in a Comnity Trust William Matson Roth, The Tradition of Voluntary Solutions to Public Problems Richard Foster , Avoiding Institutional Entropy; A School Superintendent 's View Orville Luster, Growth of a Grassroots Youth Agency in the 2960s Obie Benz and Peter Stern, A New Generation of Grant-making Ideas Volume V Milton Salkind, New Vitality in the San Francisco Conservatory of &sic E. P. (~ed)Stephenson, Transition: White Man in a Black Tam, 2950-2967 Caroline Moore Charles, Development and Dynamics of Volunteer Organizations Arabella Martinez, The Spanish-speaking Unity Council, Inc., and Bag Area Foundations Ira DeVoyd Hall, Jr., Conmunity Resources: Turning Idens int.9 Action .Sam Yuen , Philosopher and Community Agency Administrator PREFACE This five-volume Bay Area Foundation History Series, a special project of the Regional Oral History Office, was first discussed in late 1973. Ruth Chance and John May were then preparing to retire as executive directors, respectively, of the Rosenberg Foundation and the San Francisco Foundation, and a group of their colleagues wished to express their appreciation for the guidance and inspiration these two have provided in developing the art of philanthropic grant -making. In addition to documenting the part Ruth Chance and John May have had in encouraging activities for the betterment of life in the Bay Area and California, it was decided to record an account of significant trends and events in the foundation community of the Bay Area. The resultant project includes twenty- four interviews of varying length with board members, staff, and grantees of a variety of Bay Area foundations representing both traditional and contemporary views of philanthropy. The series as a whole presents a picture of close to half a century of organized philanthropy in the Bay Area, including the processes of foundations and the development of community attitudes and organizations which mirror the evolution of issues of concern not only to foundations but to society in the West and nationally. The Office wishes to express its sincere thanks to the Zellerbach Family Fund, van Loben Sels Foundation, San Francisco Foundation, and Rosenberg Foundation, whose joint grants made this project possible. We also deeply appreciate the encouragement, interest, and research assistance of the staffs of these foundations and other interested observers throughout the course of this project. Special thanks are due to the participants in the interviews for their willingness to discuss their experience with foundations and for their patience in reviewing their transcripts. It is hoped that readers now and in the future will find these manuscripts as informative and thought-provoking as has the staff who prepared them. The interviews stimulated the deposit, by interviewees and others, of a number of letters, speeches, pamphlets, grant proposals, and other materials related to philanthropy dating back to 1926. This Bay Area Foundation History collection is being added to The Bancroft Library's extensive holdings in twentieth century Californiana. The Regional Oral History Office was established in 1954 to tape record autobiographical interviews with persons prominent in the history of California and the West. The Office is under the administrative supervision of James D. Hart, Director of The Bancroft Library. 26 May 1976 Gabrielle Morris, Interviewer-Editor Regional Oral History Office Bay Area Foundation History Series Room 486 The Bancroft Library University of California Willa K. Baum Berkeley, California Department Head Regional Oral History Office SERIES INTRODUCTION A foundation generally is the bricks and mortar and such which hold up a building; it supplies the basis for the equilibrium and soundness of the whole structure. Through the curious evolution of language, a foundation is also a nongovernmental, nonprofit organization that has an endowment or seeks funds for the support of activities generally agreed to be for the common good. In this sense, foundations have become an important, and sometimes controversial, financial underpinning for the philanthropic instincts of American society. Little is known about the multitude of foundations, except for the giant nationals. Examination of the workings of some smaller foundations should give some insight into the significance of philanthropy in American life. Philanthropy has traditionally been an individual act to help humanity, usually in the form of gifts of money, and individual giving continues to be the, major form of philanthropy. Foundations have developed, increasing rapidly in size and number since the 1950~~as the organized form of philanthropy, providing financial support to.a kaleidoscopic array of health, welfare, youth, cultural, and public affairs activities. These activities comprise the independent sector of society, as distinguished from the public governmental and private economic sectors. It could be said that the interaction between these three sectors deter- mines the direction and nature of our society as a whole. Like the community chest and its successors, the majority of foundations give assistance to the budgets and building funds of organizations in this independent sector, although community chests tend to concentrate on current needs and founda- tions are "for the conservation and creative use of funds for future needs." The definitions of 'creative use' have changed considerably as the future has become the present, and the terms used to describe foundation work are often confusing to those in other fields. Differences of opinion over intent as well as language have produced recurrent rumblings that some foundations are either captives of the establishment or are speeding the country down the road to socialism. There are complaints that some are inaccessible to many kinds of people and that their tax exemptions are unjustified, complaints with which many foundation people agree. The most interesting foundations, however, are those that make grants for specific projects in response to new ideas in the community, rather than providing general support for existing programs. These foundations seem similar to the research and development departments of industry that are essential for the techno- logical progress of many corporations. They reflect the idea expressed in the 1940s~