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Biopolitics and Femininity Into the Twenty-First Century

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Biopolitics and Femininity Into the Twenty-First Century Diagnosing Desire BIOPOLITICS AND FEMININITY INTO THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY ALYSON K. SPURGAS DIAGNOSING DESIRE ABNORMATIVITIES: QUEER/GENDER/EMBODIMENT Scott Herring, Series Editor Diagnosing Desire Biopolitics and Femininity into the Twenty-First Century Alyson K. Spurgas THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS COLUMBUS Copyright © 2020 by The Ohio State University. This edition licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Spurgas, Alyson K., 1981- author. Title: Diagnosing desire : biopolitics and femininity into the twenty-first century / Alyson K. Spurgas. Other titles: Abnormativities: queer/gender/embodiment. Description: Columbus : The Ohio State University Press, [2020] | Series: Abnormativities: queer/gender/embodiment | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Examines how low female desire is produced, embedded, and lived within neoliberal capitalism. Rethinks ‘femininity’ by investigating sex research that measures the disconnect between subjective and genital female arousal, contemporary psychiatric diagnoses for low female desire, and new models for understanding women’s sexual response”—Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2020022197 | ISBN 9780814214510 (cloth) | ISBN 0814214517 (cloth) | ISBN 9780814280751 (ebook) | ISBN 0814280757 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Sexual desire disorders. | Women—Sexual behavior. | Femininity. | Sex therapy. Classification: LCC HQ29 .S68 2020 | DDC 306.7082—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020022197 Cover design by Regina Starace Text design by Juliet Williams Type set in Adobe Minion Pro CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii INTRODUCTION Diagnosing Gender through Desire: How You Know You’re in Bed with a Woman 1 CHAPTER 1 Sexual Difference and Femininity in Sex Therapy and Sex Research: Examples from the Nineteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-First Centuries 29 CHAPTER 2 Interest, Arousal, and Motivation in Contemporary Sexology: The Feminization of Responsive Desire 63 CHAPTER 3 Women-with-Low-Desire: Navigating and Negotiating Sexual Difference Socialization 107 CHAPTER 4 Embodied Invisible Labor, Sexual Carework: The Cultural Logic and Affective Valorization of Responsive Female Desire 148 CHAPTER 5 Reclaiming Receptivity: Parasexual Pleasure in the Face of Compulsory and Feminized Trauma 184 CONCLUSION The Freedom to Fall Apart: Feminine Fracturing and the Affective Production of Gendered Populations 221 vi • CONTENTS Appendix 235 References 239 Index 263 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book was conceived during my (first) time living in Brooklyn, from 2006 to 2014, and it owes much to the trials and tribulations of those deeply impor- tant years of my life. Symone, who has now passed on, was with me for the majority of this project, and her interspecies love got me through the best and worst times. And Kim Bernstein—thank you for knowing me better than anyone. At the City University of New York, Victoria Pitts-Taylor, Patricia Ticineto Clough, and Barbara Katz Rothman were fundamental in guiding this work and provided excellent feedback on the earliest drafts. Thanks also to Deb Tolman and Michelle Fine for their time and intellectual insight. Members of the NeuroCultures Seminar and the Mellon Committee for Interdisciplinary Science Studies also helped contour this project, and I’d like to thank Jason Tougaw, Rachel Liebert, and Kim Cunningham, in particular. I made some of the best friends ever while at CUNY and I’m honored to have Amanda Matles, Patrick Sweeney, Emma Francis Snyder, Shay Thompson, Ali Lara, SAJ Jones, Chris Sula, John Andrews, Zoë Meleo-Erwin, Kate Jenkins, San- dra Trappen, Marnie Brady, Valerie Francisco-Menchavez, Dominique Nispe- ros, Jesse Goldstein, David Spataro, Steve McFarland, John Boy, Justin Myers, Colin Ashley, Josh Scannell, Jesse Schwartz, Jeremy Rayner, John Gergely, and Natalie Havlin—among too many others to name—as comrades, collabora- tors, and intellectual interlocutors. I love you all forever, and especially C. Ray Borck, who has really been there since the beginning of all of this. vii viii • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Upon moving to St. Louis and Southern Illinois University (SIUE), I was lucky enough to be connected to Cynthia Barounis before I even got to the Midwest (thank you Linda Nicholson via Patricia Clough for that life- changing introduction!). Cynthia is a seriously amazing friend and one of the most intellectually generous people I’ve ever known. Thank you, Cynthia, for helping me develop so many of the ideas in this book. I am thankful for conversations at Washington University I had in St. Louis in late 2014, and specifically to Linda Nicholson for the opportunity to engage, and to Amber Musser for insightful feedback. My colleagues and students at SIUE were of the utmost support during that time in my life, and I’d like to thank the awesome faculty in the Sociology Department, includ- ing Flo Maätita, Kiana Cox, Sandra Weissinger, Connie Frey Spurlock, Dave Kauzlarich, Linda Markowitz, Mark Hedley, Liz Stygar, Megan Arnett, and Marv Finkelstein. Folks in Philosophy and Women’s Studies at SIUE have also been wonderful friends and interlocutors—Alison Reiheld, Saba Fatima, and Richard Fry stand out as some of the people I relied on most to help me think through these ideas. Debbie Nelson, Abbie Hall, and Hayden Treadway are amazingly brilliant and I’m so lucky to have had you all as students and now as friends. Also in St. Louis, this project benefited immensely from the super-smart and deeply ethical sensibilities of Stephen Inman and Baylee, both of whom will always have a big piece of my heart and whose imprints on this proj- ect are huge. Allison Kirschbaum, Sarah Lacy, Jenny Johnson, Jae Shepherd, and Les Stitt have been incredible sources of support, sustenance, and radical connection. When I started at Trinity College and moved back to Brooklyn/Hartford in 2017, I found myself surrounded by amazing folks in both New York and Connecticut. Thanks to Laurel Mei-Singh for excellent feedback in our mini- writing group that fall, and thanks to other writing group friends and inter- locutors at Trinity for encouraging me to further flesh out the race and class analyses in the conclusion—including Shunyuan Zhang, Karen Buenavista Hanna, Julie Gamble, and Gabriella Soto. Thanks especially to Justin Fifield for being a great friend and collaborator and for reading so much of my work over the last few years. The final stages of this project benefitted immensely from the support of my colleagues in Sociology and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Trinity—so a big thanks to Johnny Eric Williams, Steve Valocchi, Xiangming Chen, Tanetta Anderson, Dan Douglas, Diana Paulin, Janet Bauer, Zayde Antrim, Kifah Hanna, and Rob Corber. My students, teach- ing assistants, and advisees at Trinity have inspired me immensely—including Tiana Starks, Sam McCarthy, Lindsay Pressman, Caitlin Southwick, Victoria Guardino, Gwen Sadie, Rocio Fernandez Gutierrez, Keji Oladinni, Lucemy ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • ix Perez, Simran Subramaniam, Anne Valbrune, Felicia McDevitt, Jyles Romer, Jederick Estrella, Jason Farrell, Eddie Hayes, Giovanni Jones, Zorawar Singh, Alex Gnassi, and Jake McBride, among many others. I am grateful to Stefanie Chambers, Isaac Kamola, Serena Laws, Emily Cummins, Kari Theurer, Josh King, and Mark Stater for their steadfast support and invaluable friendship since I arrived at Trinity. Thanks to Taylor & Francis for publishing my article, “Interest, Arousal, and Shifting Diagnoses of Female Sexual Dysfunction, or: How Women Learn about Desire,” in Studies in Gender and Sexuality in 2013, now revised as chap- ter 2 of this book. And many thanks to Scott Herring and Tara Cyphers at The Ohio State University Press for their faith in this project. Many other folks from all walks of my life have helped me through this process. My parents, Bob and Ellen Slagle, and my sister, Robyn Showanes, have always come through for me, and my niblings—Tenley, Elsa, and Teddy— inspire me every single day. Ari Meyer Brostoff is an amazing editor, co-con- spirator, and friend and I am indebted to their sharp political insight, extensive intellectual and theoretical vocabulary, and uncanny ability to always help me say what I always wanted to say. Thanks to Lisa Jean Moore and Monica Casper for sharing thoughts on an earlier draft of this manuscript, in addition to several anonymous reviewers of various articles, chapters, and other pieces of this project. Other folks who have offered generous feedback and support through different stages of this process, and with whom I am deeply grateful to be in dialogue, include Christine Labuski, Alain Giami, Georgiann Davis, Livi Faro, Robin West, Katherine Rowland, Holly Laws, Jenny Vilchez, Bhakti Shringarpure, K. J. Cerankowski, Theodora Danylevich, Alyson Patsavas, Rob- ert McRuer, Morgan Holmes, Katie Gentile, Peggy Kleinplatz, and the late Muriel Dimen. None of this would have been possible without Kelly Roberts, who has seen me through this project and life and is a true best friend, and Christian Rutledge, who is the best partner I could have ever hoped to love and fight alongside. Thank you, Christian, for reading every word of this book so many times in all its different permutations and for talking me through it when I was in every single possible mood at once. And, finally: Thanks to everyone who spoke with me in the interviews for this book. All the folks I interviewed about sex, desire, and power were so open, generous, and detailed with their time and stories; I hope I did you all justice with the final analysis. And to the clinicians, therapists, research- ers, and activists I interviewed and whose work I have been closely following for years now: Even though we don’t agree on everything, I am awed by your own strength and spirit and I am proud to be in conversation with such smart and powerful women. INTRODUCTION Diagnosing Gender through Desire How You Know You’re in Bed with a Woman In 2009, popular writer Daniel Bergner published two articles on the com- plexities of female sexuality and desire in the New York Times Magazine.
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