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Kraftkarlar Och Knockouts Emma Pihl Skoog

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Kraftkarlar Och Knockouts Emma Pihl Skoog ! " #$% && ' ( " " & ! ) * + * , , , &- !, +*", "* +$ &) " " . , " + +* " &) " &/ + *" "" * " " + + " + , + * & 0 * - " " ! " ,* + * " " ! " &) * " " * &&"- 1 * * *& 2"+ ", " &- !, , * "& ** " , , "+ ", + &)" " "", " 3 * , 4, , " * +* , & ) + *," +* " &5 * , " " &6 , ", " , 7"8 , " , & ) " * + , , * " ,+ & " , + " , " &) *" , " " "+ " , +*, "" &" " " , " " * ,, + " " & " "" + ! 9 , + *+", + " ,, & , * " ,", &) + * " " ,,+" " &) + *+ " *, ! " , " " " + " " & , ,, " &/* " +* " " &) ", , """ & " , " ", " * " *&0" , "" +$ " * & % :;;"& +& ; <"=":+: :":## 0-'%>%#% 0-'%>%#%%> " Kraftkarlar och knockouts Emma Pihl Skoog Kraftkarlar och knockouts Kraftsporter, kropp och klass i Sverige 1920–1960 Emma Pihl Skoog Innehåll Förord Kapitel 1: Inledning – Kropp, kroppslighet och idrott Syfte och undersökningens kontext Tidigare forskning Kroppar i ett historiskt perspektiv Idrott och media Kropp, klass och kön – tre idealtypiska idrottskroppar Teoretiska och metodologiska utgångspunkter Värde och kroppsligt kapital – ett sätt att förstå klass Den erfarda kroppen Den könade kroppen Ideologi och medieanalys Myt och kommunikation De självbiografiska narrativen Övergripande forskningsfrågor Tillvägagångssätt och källmaterial Tidskriftsmaterialet Självbiografierna Att utvinna budskap ur källmaterialets texter och bilder Disposition Kapitel 2: Kraftsporterna – kropp, naturlighet och arbete 1920–1960 – från kristider till rekordår Idrotterna boxning och tyngdlyftning – en bakgrund Kraftsportens yrkesmän Kroppsarbete och kraftsport Upptäckt via kroppsarbetet Kroppsarbete: mellankrigstidens själva träningsform Kroppsarbete som träning: ett ideal med kontinuitet Formtoppning genom fysiskt arbete Den naturlige kraftsportaren Natur och landsbygd som källor till styrka Städernas fattigkvarter: en alternativ natur Naturliga slagsmål och utmaningar Den naturlige andre Sammanfattande diskussion Kapitel 3: Klassers kroppsliga materialisering Måttfull styrka Klasspolemiken: kroppsarbetaren som överman Klasspolemiken avtar men klasskillnaden består Ungdomen som problem och idrotten som lösning Bildade borgarboxare och naturliga arbetarfighters Stilen i ringen: intellektuella boxare och sluggers Sluggers och gentlemannaboxare förenas för allas bästa Sammanfattande diskussion Kapitel 4: Kroppslig framgång – eller förfall? Att slå sig fram underifrån Att bli herre över sitt eget öde Pengar och framgång Framgångssagor i novellform Att värdera och vårda sin kropp: nyckeln till framgång Framgångssagans antites: fysiskt och ekonomiskt förfall Moral, alkohol och (o)skötsamhet Sammanfattande diskussion Kapitel 5: Kroppslig kommers Den vältränade kroppen som mål i sig själv Spinkig och sjuk blir vältränad, frisk och muskulös Kroppsbyggningen träder fram Kroppen kommersialiseras Att skapa begär och köpsug Kroppen som projekt – bli som en kändis! Kraftsportens kvinnor: det feminina träningsidealet Läsarna diskuterar sin träning i tidningen Sammanfattande diskussion Kapitel 6: Avslutande diskussion Så representerades kroppar och klass Sådana kroppar konstruerades inom kraftidrotten Förändringar över tid Från kroppsarbete till individuell och rationell träning Från klasspolemik till klassamarbete Tilltagande kommersialisering och varufiering av kroppar Maskulinitet och femininitet De ideologiska sammanhangen Kroppsarbetaren som låst vid det kroppsliga Individualism och kroppsarbete som moralisk företeelse Summary Käll- och litteraturförteckning Otryckt arkivmaterial Tidningar och tidskrifter Självbiografier Internetkällor Offentligt tryck Övriga tryckta källor Litteratur Förord När ett avhandlingsmanus äntligen är färdigt, ställs du inför ännu ett huvud- bry: hur tackar du på bästa sätt de personer som hjälpt dig under vägens gång? Avhandlingen är ju – även om frasen är sliten – i mycket en kollektiv produkt. Jag vill därför tacka min huvudhandledare Johnny Wijk för många skratt och roliga såväl som allvarsamma samtal. Johnnys visdomar har varit mig en stor hjälp, samtidigt som han inte på något sätt pressat mig utan låtit mig arbeta självständigt. Min biträdande handledare Eva Blomberg har genom sin kritiska och sam- tidigt positivt engagerade blick fördjupat flera av de empiriska och teoretiska diskussionerna i avhandlingen. De har bidragit mycket, och därför ska Eva också ha ett stort och varmt tack. Helena Tolvhed var min grundliga slutseminarieopponent. Hennes kunniga reflexioner och kännedom om genus och textdisposition gav mig ovärderliga verktyg i det sista skedet av avhandlingsskrivandet. Även som medmänniska har hennes hejarop varit av yttersta vikt vid färdigställandet av avhandlingen. Min tredjeläsare Bo Persson, eller ”Snäll-Bo” som några av oss kallar honom, har bidragit med stöd och kunskaper som varit ytterst betydelsefulla för slutförandet av detta arbete. Dessutom delar vi en gemensam och kanske lite barnslig kärlek till äldre tiders fysiska kraftprov. Jag hade under vårterminen 2015 tack vare stöd från Birgit och Gad Rausings Stiftelse och Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse förmånen att få vistas vid New York University, under ledning av Jeffrey T. Sammons. Sammons fungerade som ett utmärkt bollplank under denna tid, och hans kun- skaper om såväl boxningshistoria som afro-amerikansk historia har fördjupat flera av diskussionerna i avhandlingen. Jag har även fått ypperligt bistånd, givande kommentarer och glada tillrop från Christina Florin, Jens Ljunggren, Arwid Lund, Therese Nordlund Edvinsson, Lena Sohl och, sist men inte minst, bästa Sofie Tornhill som stöttat mig mycket i sluttampen. Jag vill även tacka deltagarna vid Idrottshistoriska seminariet, genussemi- nariet och doktorandseminariet vid Stockholms universitet, liksom dem som närvarade då jag presenterade texter hos Tema ISAK vid Linköpings universi- tet och idrottsvetenskapen vid Malmö Högskola. Under min doktorandtid har jag haft förmånen att få vara en del av doktorandkollektivet vid Historiska institutionen vid Stockholms universitet – en varm, positiv och tillåtande miljö. Jag skulle vilja rikta ett megastort tack till deltagarna vid mitt slutseminarium. Tyvärr har närvarolistan vandrat iväg, och ett varmt tack riktas till att börja med till min sympatiske seminarieledare Håkan Forsell. Om mitt minne inte sviker mig tackar jag särskilt Johan Bergman, Josefin Berndt, Nevra Biltekin, Olof Blomqvist, Olof Bortz, Mari Eyice, Charlotta Forss, Martin Friis Andersen, Eva Joelsson, Otso Kortekangas, Jenni Lares, Eva-Marie Letzter, Sofia Lindgren, Ale Pålsson, Anton Runesson, Anna-Carin Stymne och Lisa Svanfeldt-Winter, och om jag glömt någon: förlåt och tack till dig också. Till er alla som under forskarutbildningens gång engagerat er i det jag gjort, och genuint brytt er om mig som person liksom mitt arbete, känner jag en enorm tacksamhet. Ni vet vilka ni är, ingen nämnd och ingen glömd! Vid färdigställandet av avhandlingsmanus har jag fått utomordentlig hjälp av och haft förmånen att få min text granskad och korrekturläst av Kattis Bergander, Emil Bertilsson, Edvin S Frid, Adam Grimshaw, Olof Hansson, Sofia Lindgren och Maria Rossipal. Ni är bäst! Ett särskilt stort tack riktas återigen till doktorandkollegan och vännen Olof Bortz som läst mitt manus och kommenterat det i sin helhet. Tusen tack! Stort tack till min fina och starka storasyster Ida och mina föräldrar, min empatiska mamma Agneta och min tuffa pappa Sven. Den här avhandlingen handlar delvis, på gott och ont, om dig pappa! Ett särskilt tack riktas till Samuel Edquist för ett oinskränkt känslomässigt stöd. Utan dig vet jag inte vad jag hade gjort under de år som arbetet med avhandlingen pågått. För att parafrasera avhandlingens teoretiska del, i dina ögon har jag alltid ett värde och du ett i mina! Stockholm den 5 april 2017 Emma Pihl Skoog Kapitel 1: Inledning – Kropp, kroppslighet och idrott Hur kroppar tolkas och uppfattas är en central del av våra relationer till andra människor. På samma gång spelar kroppen en viktig, om inte avgörande, roll för den egna jaguppfattningen, en uppfattning som i de flesta fall dessutom är samhälleligt konstruerad. En kropp signalerar alltid vissa värden, som vanligen varierar beroende på sammanhang. I en kontext kan kroppen ses som alldeles för stor, men i en annan ses samma storlek som något positivt. De värden en kropp tillskrivs är emellertid förbundna med makt och utbytet sker inte på en jämlik arena. En person med en muskulös fysik kommer exempelvis att uppfattas på ett annat sätt än den icke-muskulösa, den kroppsarbetande på ett annat sätt än den kontorsarbetande, eller den överviktige på ett annat sätt än den magre. Vissa grupper, samhällen och människor har också mer makt än andra att avgöra hur kroppar bör se ut, fostras fram och uppföra sig. Speci- fika kroppspraktiker och kroppsideal anses som mer riktiga, rätta och vackra; värden som också varierar över tid. Olika kontexter föder olika kroppsideal, och det är sällan fråga om en rak eller enkelriktad process. Ofta innefattar synen på kroppen motsägelsefulla uttalanden, såsom:
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