Lecture Notes, by James Cahill
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Maria-Kannon: Mary, Mother of God, in Buddhist Guise Maria Reis-Habito
Marian Studies Volume 47 Marian Spirituality and the Interreligious Article 8 Dialogue 1996 Maria-Kannon: Mary, Mother of God, in Buddhist Guise Maria Reis-Habito Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/marian_studies Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Reis-Habito, Maria (1996) "Maria-Kannon: Mary, Mother of God, in Buddhist Guise," Marian Studies: Vol. 47, Article 8. Available at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/marian_studies/vol47/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Marian Library Publications at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marian Studies by an authorized editor of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Reis-Habito: Maria-Kannon: Mary in Buddhist Guise MARIA-KANNON: THE MOTHER OF GOD IN BUDDIDST GUISE Maria Reis-Habito, Ph.D.* Introduction On March 17, 1865, Father Petitjean, a French missionary in Japan, saw a group of about fifteen people-women, men and children-approach the church that he had built in Nagasaki. It was one of the first churches to be established inJapan since the persecution of Christians almost three hundred years ear lier at the beginning of the Edo Period (1600-1868). Father Petitjean opened the church and then knelt at the altar. Three middle-aged women approached him, knelt beside him, and one of them whispered: "All of us have the same heart as you." "Indeed?" asked the astonished priest. "Where do you come from?" he asked. "We are all from Urakami, where nearly all -
Tenth-Century Painting Before Song Taizong's Reign
Tenth-Century Painting before Song Taizong’s Reign: A Macrohistorical View Jonathan Hay 1 285 TENT H CENT URY CHINA AND BEYOND 2 longue durée artistic 3 Formats 286 TENT H-CENT URY PAINT ING BEFORE SONG TAIZONG’S R EIGN Tangchao minghua lu 4 5 It 6 287 TENT H CENT URY CHINA AND BEYOND 7 The Handscroll Lady Guoguo on a Spring Outing Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk Pasturing Horses Palace Ban- quet Lofty Scholars Female Transcendents in the Lang Gar- 288 TENT H-CENT URY PAINT ING BEFORE SONG TAIZONG’S R EIGN den Nymph of the Luo River8 9 10 Oxen 11 Examining Books 12 13 Along the River at First Snow 14 15 Waiting for the Ferry 16 The Hanging Scroll 17 18 19 289 TENT H CENT URY CHINA AND BEYOND Sparrows and Flowers of the Four Seasons Spring MountainsAutumn Mountains 20 The Feng and Shan 21 tuzhou 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 290 TENT H-CENT URY PAINT ING BEFORE SONG TAIZONG’S R EIGN 29 30 31 32 Blue Magpie and Thorny Shrubs Xiaoyi Stealing the Lanting Scroll 33 291 TENT H CENT URY CHINA AND BEYOND 34 35 36 Screens 37 38 The Lofty Scholar Liang Boluan 39 Autumn Mountains at Dusk 292 TENT H-CENT URY PAINT ING BEFORE SONG TAIZONG’S R EIGN 40Layered Mountains and Dense Forests41 Reading the Stele by Pitted Rocks 42 It has Court Ladies Pinning Flowers in Their Hair 43 44 The Emperor Minghuang’s Journey to Shu River Boats and a Riverside Mansion 45 46 47tuzhang 48 Villagers Celebrating the Dragonboat Festival 49 Travelers in Snow-Covered Mountains and 50 . -
From the Lands of Asia
Education Programs 2 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preparing students in advance p. 4 Vocabulary and pronunciation guide pp. 5–8 About the exhibition p. 9 The following thematic sections include selected objects, discussion questions, and additional resources. I. Costumes and Customs pp. 10–12 II. An Ocean of Porcelain pp. 13–15 III. A Thousand Years of Buddhism pp. 16–19 IV. The Magic of Jade pp. 20–23 Artwork reproductions pp. 24–32 4 PREPARING STUDENTS IN ADVANCE We look forward to welcoming your school group to the Museum. Here are a few suggestions for teachers to help to ensure a successful, productive learning experience at the Museum. LOOK, DISCUSS, CREATE Use this resource to lead classroom discussions and related activities prior to the visit. (Suggested activities may also be used after the visit.) REVIEW MUSEUM GUIDELINES For students: • Touch the works of art only with your eyes, never with your hands. • Walk in the museum—do not run. • Use a quiet voice when sharing your ideas. • No flash photography is permitted in special exhibitions or permanent collection galleries. • Write and draw only with pencils—no pens or markers, please. Additional information for teachers: • Please review the bus parking information provided with your tour confirmation. • Backpacks, umbrellas, or other bulky items are not allowed in the galleries. Free parcel check is available. • Seeing-eye dogs and other service animals assisting people with disabilities are the only animals allowed in the Museum. • Unscheduled lecturing to groups is not permitted. • No food, drinks, or water bottles are allowed in any galleries. -
Zen As a Creative Agency: Picturing Landscape in China and Japan from the Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries
Zen as a Creative Agency: Picturing Landscape in China and Japan from the Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries by Meng Ying Fan A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of East Asian Studies University of Toronto © Copyright by Meng Ying Fan 2020 Zen as a Creative Agency: Picturing Landscape in China and Japan from the Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries Meng Ying Fan Master of Arts Department of East Asia Studies University of Toronto 2020 Abstract This essay explores the impact of Chan/Zen on the art of landscape painting in China and Japan via literary/visual materials from the twelfth to sixteenth centuries. By rethinking the aesthetic significance of “Zen painting” beyond the art and literary genres, this essay investigates how the Chan/Zen culture transformed the aesthetic attitudes and technical manifestations of picturing the landscapes, which are related to the philosophical thinking in mind. Furthermore, this essay emphasizes the problems of the “pattern” in Muromachi landscape painting to criticize the arguments made by D.T. Suzuki and his colleagues in the field of Zen and Japanese art culture. Finally, this essay studies the cultural interaction of Zen painting between China and Japan, taking the traveling landscape images of Eight Views of Xiaoxiang by Muqi and Yujian from China to Japan as a case. By comparing the different opinions about the artists in the two regions, this essay decodes the universality and localizations of the images of Chan/Zen. ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my deepest gratefulness to Professor Johanna Liu, my supervisor and mentor, whose expertise in Chinese aesthetics and art theories has led me to pursue my MA in East Asian studies. -
1 Unit 3 Topic 5 Chinese Concept of Life
© 2021 Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd UNIT 3 TOPIC 5 CHINESE CONCEPT OF LIFE __________________________________________________________________________ Pre-knowledge Before class, students should read Unit 4 Topic 5 and watch some videos on Confucianism, Daoism and Chan Buddhism. They should have a basic understanding of Confucianism and Daoism from previous topics. Aim and Objectives Topic 5 aims to provide students with some knowledge of the three main Chinese philosophies and the way they affect the behaviour and value systems of the Chinese. Emphasis should be put on the similarities and connections amongst these philosophies. After studying the essential ideas, students will understand Chinese culture, customs and social issues better. Teaching and Learning Activities Activity 1 Before introducing the historical background of the three main Chinese philosophies, you should help your students focus on the key points. You may ask discuss these questions through Kahoot, Quizlet or a class discussion: A. What are the main concepts of Confucianism? B. How does Confucianism affect the daily lives of the Chinese? C. What are the main concepts of Daoism? D. What aspects does Daoism influence the most in China? E. When did Chan Buddhism arrive in China? Who were its predecessors? F. What are the differences between Chan and Zen? Activity 2 Ask your students to create a chart to summarise the basic information of the three philosophies. They may include the time of its origin, its founders and main concepts, and the areas it influenced. Activity 3 Let your students divide themselves into three groups. Have each group pick one of the three philosophies, Confucianism, Daoism and Chan Buddhism. -
Lecture Notes, by James Cahill
Lecture Notes, by James Cahill Note: The image numbers in these lecture notes do not exactly coincide with the images onscreen but are meant to be reference points in the lectures’ progression. Addendum 2A: Notes on Judging Authenticity and Dating Add2A.1: Attributed to Gu Kaizhi 顧愷之/顾恺之 (ca. 345–406), Nymph of the Luo River 洛神賦圖/洛神赋图. Detail of the mid‐air goddesses: Add2A.1.1 (left): Liaoning: the earlier version, 26 x 646 cm. Figures are drawn so that their volume and the space between them can be read. Add2A.1.2 (right): Palace Museum, Beijing: later version. Figures flattened. Detail of the boat: Add2A.1.1a (left): Liaoning version; ribbons blow in the wind; the details of the boat “make sense” as representations of some real thing. (Misguided argument: artists of early period, or ʺcultivatedʺ Chinese artists generally, werenʹt concerned with effects of space and ʺrealisticʺ depiction, so your criteria are mis‐chosen. Wrong, I reply: even when they are using most individual, eccentric, ʺanti‐realistʺ styles, they are still painting good pictures in these senses. This is, with me, an article of faith, proven correct by many years of looking at good and bad Chinese paintings.) Add2A1.2a (right): Beijing version: ribbons hang lifelessly; artist has misunderstood what they are. Add2A.1.3 (right): Freer version, F1914.53: a copy of the Beijing version See also Lecture 3, images 3.9. Add2A.2: Zhou Wenju 周文矩 (act. mid–10th c.), The Double Screen: The Emperor Li Ji Watching his Brothers Play Weiqi 重屏圖/重屏图 Add2A.2.1: (left) earliest surviving version, Freer, F1911.195. -
Qi Baishi: a Master of Many Arts
QI BAISHI: A MASTER OF MANY ARTS Qi Baishi was equally renowned for his achievements in seal carving as for his contributions to modernizing traditional literati painting; he was also a master calligrapher and poet. He was born to a poor farming family in Xiangtan, Hunan Province, and learned Chinese characters from his grandfather, who used a stick to trace them in the dirt. Physically unsuited to farming tasks, he was apprenticed to a woodcarver, but at nineteen he came across a book that would change his life: the Mustard Seed Garden Manual, a classic early Qing dynasty (1644–1911) treatise illustrating traditional techniques of literati painting. Qi taught himself to paint from it, refining his skills and studying the arts of seal cutting, poetry, and calligraphy with the many teachers he met as an itinerant woodcarver. His life spanned a period of great upheaval and reform in Chinese culture, but his unique style and politically neutral subjects allowed him to remain in favor through different regimes and cultural shifts. At the end of his life, he was lauded as the “People’s Artist,” elected honorary Chairman of the National Association of Fine Arts, and given the International Peace Award by the World Peace Council. With the resurgence of interest in ink painting in contemporary China, Qi Baishi, sometimes referred to as “China’s Picasso,” is celebrated as one of the leading artists of the twentieth century and his paintings are highly sought after by collectors and museums. Qi Baishi China, 1864–1957 Crabs circa 1930 Album leaf, ink on paper Gift of Katsuizumi Sotokichi, University of Michigan Museum of Art, 1949/1.199 inscribed: To Mr. -
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On A Snowy Night: Yishan Yining (1247-1317) and the Development of Zen Calligraphy in Medieval Japan Xiaohan Du Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2021 © 2021 Xiaohan Du All Rights Reserved Abstract On A Snowy Night: Yishan Yining (1247-1317) and the Development of Zen Calligraphy in Medieval Japan Xiaohan Du This dissertation is the first monographic study of the monk-calligrapher Yishan Yining (1247- 1317), who was sent to Japan in 1299 as an imperial envoy by Emperor Chengzong (Temur, 1265-1307. r. 1294-1307), and achieved unprecedented success there. Through careful visual analysis of his extant oeuvre, this study situates Yishan’s calligraphy synchronically in the context of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy at the turn of the 14th century and diachronically in the history of the relationship between calligraphy and Buddhism. This study also examines Yishan’s prolific inscriptional practice, in particular the relationship between text and image, and its connection to the rise of ink monochrome landscape painting genre in 14th century Japan. This study fills a gap in the history of Chinese calligraphy, from which monk- calligraphers and their practices have received little attention. It also contributes to existing Japanese scholarship on bokuseki by relating Zen calligraphy to religious and political currents in Kamakura Japan. Furthermore, this study questions the validity of the “China influences Japan” model in the history of calligraphy and proposes a more fluid and nuanced model of synthesis between the wa and the kan (Japanese and Chinese) in examining cultural practices in East Asian culture. -
East Asian Art Toolbox: Material World
East Asian Art Toolbox: Material World About this Toolbox: This toolbox provides educators with the means of bringing hands-on activities and discussions relating to the Detroit Institute of Arts’ collection into the classroom. Offering students the opportunity to closely examine and touch replica artworks, the toolbox helps them better understand the messages, materials, and methods of art production and design. Learning Target: Through a variety of hands-on experiences, students will investigate different artistic mediums in order to discover how artists have applied various tools and technology in the transformation of raw materials into works of art. Students will also explore ways in which East Asian painting and calligraphy in various formats convey cultural values. Toolbox Objects 1. Silk Hanging Scroll 7. Metal Samples: Bronze Discs, Steel Discs, 2. Paper Handscroll Copper Plate 3. Papermaking Kit 8. Paper Samples: Mulberry Kozo Paper, 4. Calligraphy Kit Bamboo/Mulberry Paper, Mulberry/Cotton 5. Seal Stamp Kit Paper, Lacquered Paper 6. Wood Samples: Lacquered Wood 9. Stone Samples: Soapstone, Jade, Turquoise Chopsticks with Porcelain Rest, Bamboo 10. Ceramic Samples: Four Different Types of Chopsticks in Bamboo Case, Handmade Celadon Dishes Rosewood Chopsticks Inlaid with Mother- 11. Fabric Samples: Silk Scarf and Polyester of-Pearl Bojagi Table Runner Student Books • The Empress and the Silkworm by Lily Toy Hong • Lóng is a Dragon: Chinese Writing for Children by Peggy Goldstein • Good Fortune in a Wrapping Cloth by Joan Schoettler • Moth and Wasp, Soil and Ocean by Sigrid Schmalzer Please see https://www.eagle.pitt.edu/ for additional book resources and activities. VIRTUAL TIP • Provide students with photos of the objects and copies of the graphic organizer through a Learning Management System (LMS). -
Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang
1 College of Arts at the University of Canterbury Art History and Theory in the School of Humanities ARTH 690 Masters Thesis Title of Thesis: The Eight Views: from its origin in the Xiao and Xiang rivers to Hiroshige. Jennifer Baker Senior Supervisor: Dr. Richard Bullen (University of Canterbury). Co-Supervisor: Dr. Rachel Payne (University of Canterbury). Thesis Start Registration Date: 01 March 2009. Thesis Completion Date: 28 February 2010. Word Count: 30, 889. 2 Abstract This thesis focuses upon the artistic and poetic subject of the Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang, from its origin in the Xiao-Xiang region in the Hunan province of China throughout its dispersal in East Asian countries such as Korea and Japan. Certain aesthetics and iconography were retained from the early examples, throughout the Eight Views’ transformation from the eleventh to the nineteenth century. The subject‟s close associations with poetry, atmospheric phenomena and the context of exile were reflected in the imagery of the painting and the accompanying verses. This thesis will discuss the historic, geographic and poetic origins of the Eight Views, along with a thorough investigation into the artistic styles which various East Asian artists employed in their own interpretations of the series. Furthermore, the dispersal and diaspora of the subject throughout East Asia are also investigated in this thesis. The work of Japanese artist Andô Hiroshige will serve as the concluding apogee. The Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang is an important East Asian artistic subject in both poetry and painting and contains many pervasive East Asian aesthetics. -
The Nianfo in ºbaku Zen: a Look at the Teachings of the Three Founding Masters
James BASKIND * The Nianfo in ºbaku Zen: A Look at the Teachings of the Three Founding Masters To the Edo-period Japanese Zen monks, one of the most striking aspects of the ºbaku school was the practice of reciting the Buddha’s name (nianfo 念仏) within their teaching and training practices. For an accurate assessment of the ºbaku school’s true stance on the practice of the nianfo, however, it is necessary to investigate the writings and teachings of the school’s founding masters, the very figures who established and codified what came to be seen as standard practice: Yinyuan Longqi 隠元隆琦 (J. Ingen RyØki, 1592-1673), Muan Xingtao 木庵性瑫 (J. Mokuan ShØtØ, 1611-1684), and Jifei Ruyi 即非如一 (J. Sokuhi Nyoitsu, 1616-1671). It was the Japanese reaction to this practice that led to the accusation that the ºbaku monks were practicing an adulterated form of Zen that was contaminated by Pure Land elements. It remains, however, that much of the misunderstanding regarding nianfo practice can be assigned to the Japanese unfamiliarity with the doctrinal underpinnings of the Ming Buddhist models that the ºbaku monks brought to Japan. (Mohr 1994: 348, 364) This paper will attempt to clarify the nianfo teachings of these three foundational ºbaku masters. Chan and Pure Land Practices in China One thing that should be kept in mind when considering the Zen style of the ºbaku monks is that they were steeped in the Buddhist culture of the Ming period, replete with conspicuous Pure Land aspects. (Hirakubo 1962: 197) What appeared to the Japanese Zen community of the mid-seventeenth century as the incongruous marriage of Pure Land devotional elements within more traditional forms of Chan practice had already undergone a long courtship in China that had resulted in what seemed to the Chinese monks as a natural and legitimate union. -
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Illustrations Figure 1.1 Original Vow of the Bodhisattva Kshitigarbha Sutra 15 Figure 1.2 Jin Dashou, King of Hell 16 Figure 1.3 Bodhidharma Crossing the Yangzi River on a Reed 17 Figure 1.4 Attributed to Zhiweng, Meeting between Yaoshan and Li Ao 17 Figure 1.5 The Three Teachings 18 Figure 1.6 Incantations to Guanyin Bodhisattva for Rescue from All Di◊culties 18 Figure 1.7 Amitabha with Two Attending Bodhisattvas 19 Figure 1.8 Buddhas of the Three Generations 23 Figure 1.9 The Fifth Lohan, Nakula 24 Figure 1.10 Portrait of the Priest Yinyuan 26 Figure 1.11 Li Yaofu, Bodhidharma Crossing the Yangzi on a Reed 27 Figure 3.1 Zhang Jizhi, Two Poems by Du Fu 74 Figure 3.2 Zhang Jizhi, Diamond Sutra 75 Figure 3.3 Zhang Jizhi, Feiming tie 76 Figure 3.4 Zhang Xiaoxiang, Epitaph for Meditation Master Hongzhi 77 Figure 3.5 Chu Suiliang, Preface to the Buddhist Canon 77 Figure 3.6 Zhang Xiaoxiang, Colophon to Huang Tingjian, Poem on the Shrine to the Spirit of Ma Fubo 77 Figure 3.7 Fan Chengda, Memorial Poem for Meditation Master Fozhao 78 Figure 3.8 Zhao Mengfu, Record of the Miaoyan Monastery 79 Figure 5.1 Map of the Chongshan Monastery 118 Figure 5.2 Attributed to Jiang Zicheng, The Generalissimo of Wen 123 Figure 5.3 Attributed to Shang Xi, Four Immortals Honoring the God of Longevity 124 Figure 5.4 Attributed to Shang Xi, General Guan Yu Capturing Pang De 125 Figure 5.5 Wan Fuqing, Wang Shu, and others, Brahma and Attendants 126 Figure 5.6 Vairocana 127 Figure 5.7 Guanyin by a Lotus Pond 128 Figure 5.8 Bronze hall of Manjushri, Great Xiantong