Origins and Evolution of the Antarctic Biota: an Introduction
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University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan GEOLOGY of the SCOTT GLACIER and WISCONSIN RANGE AREAS, CENTRAL TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS, ANTARCTICA
This dissertation has been /»OOAOO m icrofilm ed exactly as received MINSHEW, Jr., Velon Haywood, 1939- GEOLOGY OF THE SCOTT GLACIER AND WISCONSIN RANGE AREAS, CENTRAL TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS, ANTARCTICA. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1967 Geology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan GEOLOGY OF THE SCOTT GLACIER AND WISCONSIN RANGE AREAS, CENTRAL TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS, ANTARCTICA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Velon Haywood Minshew, Jr. B.S., M.S, The Ohio State University 1967 Approved by -Adviser Department of Geology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report covers two field seasons in the central Trans- antarctic Mountains, During this time, the Mt, Weaver field party consisted of: George Doumani, leader and paleontologist; Larry Lackey, field assistant; Courtney Skinner, field assistant. The Wisconsin Range party was composed of: Gunter Faure, leader and geochronologist; John Mercer, glacial geologist; John Murtaugh, igneous petrclogist; James Teller, field assistant; Courtney Skinner, field assistant; Harry Gair, visiting strati- grapher. The author served as a stratigrapher with both expedi tions . Various members of the staff of the Department of Geology, The Ohio State University, as well as some specialists from the outside were consulted in the laboratory studies for the pre paration of this report. Dr. George E. Moore supervised the petrographic work and critically reviewed the manuscript. Dr. J. M. Schopf examined the coal and plant fossils, and provided information concerning their age and environmental significance. Drs. Richard P. Goldthwait and Colin B. B. Bull spent time with the author discussing the late Paleozoic glacial deposits, and reviewed portions of the manuscript. -
On the Continuity of Background and Mass Extinction
Paleobiology, 29(4), 2003, pp. 455±467 On the continuity of background and mass extinction Steve C. Wang Abstract.ÐDo mass extinctions grade continuously into the background extinctions occurring throughout the history of life, or are they a fundamentally distinct phenomenon that cannot be explained by processes responsible for background extinction? Various criteria have been proposed for addressing this question, including approaches based on physical mechanisms, ecological se- lectivity, and statistical characterizations of extinction intensities. Here I propose a framework de®ning three types of continuity of mass and background extinc- tionsÐcontinuity of cause, continuity of effect, and continuity of magnitude. I test the third type of continuity with a statistical method based on kernel density estimation. Previous statistical ap- proaches typically have examined quantitative characteristics of mass extinctions (such as metrics of extinction intensity) and compared them with the distribution of such characteristics associated with background extinctions. If mass extinctions are outliers, or are separated by a gap from back- ground extinctions, the distinctness of mass extinctions is supported. In this paper I apply Silverman's Critical Bandwidth Test to test for the continuity of mass ex- tinctions by applying kernel density estimation and bootstrap modality testing. The method im- proves on existing work based on searching for gaps in histograms, in that it does not depend on arbitrary choices of parameters (such as bin widths for histograms), and provides a direct estimate of the signi®cance of continuities or gaps in observed extinction intensities. I am thus able to test rigorously whether differences between mass extinctions and background extinctions are statisti- cally signi®cant. -
Appendix 3.Pdf
A Geoconservation perspective on the trace fossil record associated with the end – Ordovician mass extinction and glaciation in the Welsh Basin Item Type Thesis or dissertation Authors Nicholls, Keith H. Citation Nicholls, K. (2019). A Geoconservation perspective on the trace fossil record associated with the end – Ordovician mass extinction and glaciation in the Welsh Basin. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Chester, United Kingdom. Publisher University of Chester Rights Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Download date 26/09/2021 02:37:15 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10034/622234 International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2013/01 Erathem / Era System / Period Quaternary Neogene C e n o z o i c Paleogene Cretaceous M e s o z o i c Jurassic M e s o z o i c Jurassic Triassic Permian Carboniferous P a l Devonian e o z o i c P a l Devonian e o z o i c Silurian Ordovician s a n u a F y r Cambrian a n o i t u l o v E s ' i k s w o Ichnogeneric Diversity k p e 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 S 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 n 23 r e 25 d 27 o 29 M 31 33 35 37 39 T 41 43 i 45 47 m 49 e 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 Number of Ichnogenera (Treatise Part W) Ichnogeneric Diversity 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 n 23 r e 25 d 27 o 29 M 31 33 35 37 39 T 41 43 i 45 47 m 49 e 51 53 55 57 59 61 c i o 63 z 65 o e 67 a l 69 a 71 P 73 75 77 79 81 83 n 85 a i r 87 b 89 m 91 a 93 C Number of Ichnogenera (Treatise Part W) -
Western North Greenland (Laurentia)
BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DENMARK · VOL. 69 · 2021 Trilobite fauna of the Telt Bugt Formation (Cambrian Series 2–Miaolingian Series), western North Greenland (Laurentia) JOHN S. PEEL Peel, J.S. 2021. Trilobite fauna of the Telt Bugt Formation (Cambrian Series 2–Mi- aolingian Series), western North Greenland (Laurentia). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol. 69, pp. 1–33. ISSN 2245-7070. https://doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2021-69-01 Trilobites dominantly of middle Cambrian (Miaolingian Series, Wuliuan Stage) Geological Society of Denmark age are described from the Telt Bugt Formation of Daugaard-Jensen Land, western https://2dgf.dk North Greenland (Laurentia), which is a correlative of the Cape Wood Formation of Inglefield Land and Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. Four biozones are recognised in Received 6 July 2020 Daugaard-Jensen Land, representing the Delamaran and Topazan regional stages Accepted in revised form of the western USA. The basal Plagiura–Poliella Biozone, with Mexicella cf. robusta, 16 December 2020 Kochiella, Fieldaspis? and Plagiura?, straddles the Cambrian Series 2–Miaolingian Series Published online 20 January 2021 boundary. It is overlain by the Mexicella mexicana Biozone, recognised for the first time in Greenland, with rare specimens of Caborcella arrojosensis. The Glossopleura walcotti © 2021 the authors. Re-use of material is Biozone, with Glossopleura, Clavaspidella and Polypleuraspis, dominates the succes- permitted, provided this work is cited. sion in eastern Daugaard-Jensen Land but is seemingly not represented in the type Creative Commons License CC BY: section in western outcrops, likely reflecting the drastic thinning of the formation https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ towards the north-west. -
Lee-Riding-2018.Pdf
Earth-Science Reviews 181 (2018) 98–121 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Marine oxygenation, lithistid sponges, and the early history of Paleozoic T skeletal reefs ⁎ Jeong-Hyun Leea, , Robert Ridingb a Department of Geology and Earth Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea b Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Microbial carbonates were major components of early Paleozoic reefs until coral-stromatoporoid-bryozoan reefs Cambrian appeared in the mid-Ordovician. Microbial reefs were augmented by archaeocyath sponges for ~15 Myr in the Reef gap early Cambrian, by lithistid sponges for the remaining ~25 Myr of the Cambrian, and then by lithistid, calathiid Dysoxia and pulchrilaminid sponges for the first ~25 Myr of the Ordovician. The factors responsible for mid–late Hypoxia Cambrian microbial-lithistid sponge reef dominance remain unclear. Although oxygen increase appears to have Lithistid sponge-microbial reef significantly contributed to the early Cambrian ‘Explosion’ of marine animal life, it was followed by a prolonged period dominated by ‘greenhouse’ conditions, as sea-level rose and CO2 increased. The mid–late Cambrian was unusually warm, and these elevated temperatures can be expected to have lowered oxygen solubility, and to have promoted widespread thermal stratification resulting in marine dysoxia and hypoxia. Greenhouse condi- tions would also have stimulated carbonate platform development, locally further limiting shallow-water cir- culation. Low marine oxygenation has been linked to episodic extinctions of phytoplankton, trilobites and other metazoans during the mid–late Cambrian. -
Early and Middle Cambrian Trilobites from Antarctica
Early and Middle Cambrian Trilobites From Antarctica GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 456-D Early and Middle Cambrian Trilobites From Antarctica By ALLISON R. PALMER and COLIN G. GATEHOUSE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF ANTARCTICA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 456-D Bio stratigraphy and regional significance of nine trilobite faunules from Antarctic outcrops and moraines; 28 species representing 21 genera are described UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1972 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 73-190734 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 70 cents (paper cover) Stock Number 2401-2071 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract_ _ ________________________ Dl Physical stratigraphy______________________________ D6 I&troduction. _______________________ 1 Regional correlation within Antarctica ________________ 7 Biostratigraphy _____________________ 3 Systematic paleontology._____-_______-____-_-_-----_ 9 Early Cambrian faunules.________ 4 Summary of classification of Antarctic Early and Australaspis magnus faunule_ 4 Chorbusulina wilkesi faunule _ _ 5 Middle Cambrian trilobites. ___________________ 9 Chorbusulina subdita faunule _ _ 5 Agnostida__ _ _________-____-_--____-----__---_ 9 Early Middle Cambrian f aunules __ 5 Redlichiida. __-_--------------------------_---- 12 Xystridura mutilinia faunule- _ 5 Corynexochida._________--________-_-_---_----_ -
Late Dresbachian (Late Cambrian) Biostratigraphy of North America
CHRISTINA LOCHMAN-BALK Department of Geosdence, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801 Late Dresbachian (Late Cambrian) Biostratigraphy of North America ABSTRACT bachian Aphelaspis Zone (Howell and Dresbachian time in the central Texas others, 1944) into an older Aphelaspis Zone section, with only a very short hiatus? before An examination of the taxonomic com- and a younger post-Aphelaspis Zone. the appearance of the Elvinia Zone fauna. position of the North American late Trilobites and brachiopods assigned by The short hiatus? refers to the well-defined Dresbachian faunules described to date Palmer to the Aphelaspis Zone are listed in faunal break and disconformity between the indicates that there is an Aphelaspis Zone Table 1. In the basal beds of the zone, Palmer Lion Mountain Sandstone Member of the faunal assemblage characteristic of the early Riley Formation and the Welge Sandstone half of the late Dresbachian Stage and a Member of the Wilberns Formation (Loch- TABLE 1. TRILOBITES ÄND BRACHIOPODS ASSIGNED TO Dunderbergia Zone faunal assemblage APHELASPIS ZONE, RILEY FORMATION, TEXAS, man, 1938; Freeman, 1969). characteristic of the later half. The diagnos- BY PALMER (1955) From 1951, Palmer was engaged in the tic elements of each of the assemblages are Aphelaspis walcotti study of the Late Cambrian faunas of the listed, and the biozones of the common Labiostria (now Aphelaspis) conveximavginata Great Basin and published late Dresbachian Labiostria (now Aphelaspis) platifrons trilobite genera are noted so that correct Dunderbergia variagranula faunal lists in Nolan and others (1956) and Eaaschella (now Glaphyraspis) omata intracontinental correlations may be made. -
On the Causes of Mass Extinctions
ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ On the causes of mass extinctions David P.G. Bond, Stephen E. Grasby PII: S0031-0182(16)30691-5 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.005 Reference: PALAEO 8040 To appear in: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Received date: 16 August 2016 Revised date: 2 November 2016 Accepted date: 5 November 2016 Please cite this article as: Bond, David P.G., Grasby, Stephen E., On the causes of mass extinctions, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.005 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT On the causes of mass extinctions David P.G. Bond1* and Stephen E. Grasby2, 3 1School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom 2Geological Survey of Canada, 3303 33rd St. N.W. Calgary AB Canada, T2L 2A7. 3Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary AB Canada. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] (D. Bond). ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ABSTRACT The temporal link between large igneous province (LIP) eruptions and at least half of the major extinctions of the Phanerozoic implies that large scale volcanism is the main driver of mass extinction. -
Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes
35133_Geo_Michigan_Cover.qxd 11/13/07 10:26 AM Page 1 “The Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes” is written to augment any introductory earth science, environmental geology, geologic, or geographic course offering, and is designed to introduce students in Michigan and the Great Lakes to important regional geologic concepts and events. Although Michigan’s geologic past spans the Precambrian through the Holocene, much of the rock record, Pennsylvanian through Pliocene, is miss- ing. Glacial events during the Pleistocene removed these rocks. However, these same glacial events left behind a rich legacy of surficial deposits, various landscape features, lakes, and rivers. Michigan is one of the most scenic states in the nation, providing numerous recre- ational opportunities to inhabitants and visitors alike. Geology of the region has also played an important, and often controlling, role in the pattern of settlement and ongoing economic development of the state. Vital resources such as iron ore, copper, gypsum, salt, oil, and gas have greatly contributed to Michigan’s growth and industrial might. Ample supplies of high-quality water support a vibrant population and strong industrial base throughout the Great Lakes region. These water supplies are now becoming increasingly important in light of modern economic growth and population demands. This text introduces the student to the geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes region. It begins with the Precambrian basement terrains as they relate to plate tectonic events. It describes Paleozoic clastic and carbonate rocks, restricted basin salts, and Niagaran pinnacle reefs. Quaternary glacial events and the development of today’s modern landscapes are also discussed. -
Depositional History of Pre-Devonian Strata and Timing of Ross Orogenic Tectonism in the Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica
Depositional history of pre-Devonian strata and timing of Ross orogenic tectonism in the central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica Paul M. Myrow* Department of Geology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903, USA Michael C. Pope Department of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA John W. Goodge Department of Geological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA Woodward Fischer Department of Geology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903, USA Alison R. Palmer Institute for Cambrian Studies, 445 North Cedarbrook Road, Boulder, Colorado 80304-0417, USA ABSTRACT small fraction of its previous extent. The into trilobite- and hyolithid-bearing calcar- basal unit of the Byrd GroupÐthe predom- eous siltstone of the Starshot Formation A combination of ®eld mapping, detailed inantly carbonate ramp deposits of the and alluvial-fan deposits of the Douglas sedimentology, carbon isotope chemostra- Shackleton LimestoneÐrest with presumed Conglomerate. Trilobite fauna from the tigraphy, and new paleontological ®nds unconformity on the restricted Goldie For- lowermost siltstone deposits of the Starshot provides a signi®cantly improved under- mation. Paleontological data and carbon Formation date the onset of this transition standing of the depositional and tectonic isotope stratigraphy indicate that the Low- as being late Botomian. history of uppermost Neoproterozoic and er Cambrian Shackleton Limestone ranges The abrupt transition from the Shackle- lower Paleozoic strata of the central Trans- from lower Atdabanian through upper ton Limestone to a large-scale, upward- antarctic Mountains. On the basis of these Botomian. coarsening siliciclastic succession records data, we suggest revision of the existing This study presents the ®rst description deepening of the outer platform and then stratigraphy, including introduction of new of a depositional contact between the deposition of an eastward-prograding mo- formations, as follows. -
Redalyc.Early Cambrian Archaeocyathan Limestone Blocks In
Geologica Acta: an international earth science journal ISSN: 1695-6133 [email protected] Universitat de Barcelona España GONZÁLEZ, P.D.; TORTELLO, M.F.; DAMBORENEA, S.E. Early Cambrian archaeocyathan limestone blocks in low-grade meta-conglomerate from El Jagüelito Formation (Sierra Grande, Río Negro, Argentina) Geologica Acta: an international earth science journal, vol. 9, núm. 2, junio, 2011, pp. 159-173 Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=50521609003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Geologica Acta, Vol.9, Nº 2, June 2011, 159-173 DOI: 10.1344/105.000001650 Available online at www.geologica-acta.com Early Cambrian archaeocyathan limestone blocks in low-grade meta-conglomerate from El Jagüelito Formation (Sierra Grande, Río Negro, Argentina) 1 2 2 P.D. GONZÁLEZ M.F. TORTELLO S.E. DAMBORENEA 1 Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas, (UNLP - CONICET) 1 Nº 644, B1900TAC, La Plata (Buenos Aires), Argentina. E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +54-221-4827560 2 CONICET – División Paleozoología Invertebrados, Museo de Ciencias Naturales Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata (Buenos Aires), Argentina. Tortello E-mail: [email protected] Damborenea E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Massive grey limestone blocks containing a fairly diverse but poorly preserved archaeocyath fauna were recovered from a meta-conglomerate bed in the El Jagüelito Formation (Sierra Grande area, Eastern North Patagonian Massif, Río Negro, Argentina). -
Precambrian to Earliest Mississippian Stratigraphy, Geologic History, and Paleogeography of Northwestern Colorado and West-Central Colorado
Precambrian to Earliest Mississippian Stratigraphy, Geologic History, and Paleogeography of Northwestern Colorado and West-Central Colorado Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Geological Survey U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1 787-U AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with the last offerings, are given in the current-year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Survey publications released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that are listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" are no longer available. Prices of reports released to the open files are given in the listing "U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports," updated monthly, which is for sale in microfiche from the U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Sales, Box 25286, Denver, CO 80225. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Tech Books of the U.S. Geological Survey are available over the niques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications counter at the following U.S. Geological Survey offices, all of of general interest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single which are authorized agents of the Superintendent of Documents. copies of periodicals (Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Preliminary De termination of Epicenters), and some miscellaneous reports, includ ANCHORAGE, Alaska-4230 University Dr., Rm.