Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences Pdf, Epub, Ebook

CASE STUDIES AND THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK

The chief investigator must monitor the conduct of case studies to ensure that the guidelines are observed by the case writers and to undertake corrective actions if necessary. Launch Research Feed. See Chapter 11 on typological theories. Musti sign up dulu sih. The researcher may fail to make it clear, for example, whether the study is an effort at theory testing or merely a plausibility probe. The identification of the class or subclass of events for any given study depends upon the problem chosen for study. The result of any single circumscribed study will be one part of an overall theory of intervention. WikiProject Research methods may be able to help recruit an expert. Selection bias Survivorship bias Correlation does not imply causation Null result. As a comparativist, I swoon whenever I see clear, cogent, articulate explanations of how to do controlled comparison and within-case analysis. In addition to clarifying the comparative advantages of case studies, this book codifies the best practices in the use of case studies; examines their relationship to debates in the philosophy of science; and refines the concept of middle-range or typological theories and the procedures through which case studies can contribute to them. Jan 20, Naomi McCormick rated it really liked it. Moreover, although standard surveys indicate that citizens of contemporary democracies generally feel more warmly toward other democracies than toward other kinds of states, little dedicated survey work has been done on attitudes toward the possible use of force in ongoing disputes between democracies. He is not as systematic in treating the outliers in his statistical and case study work, however. Finally, a study that includes many cases may allow for several different types of comparisons. One case may be most similar to another and both may be least similar to a third case. Chapter 2 provides a concrete demonstration of how case studies combined with quantitative methods have contributed to the development of research on democratic peace theory. Clinical endpoint , Virulence , Infectivity , Mortality rate , Morbidity , Case fatality rate , Specificity and sensitivity , Likelihood-ratios , Pre- and post-test probability. Classic Case Studies in Psychology. Kw Estes rated it liked it Feb 03, Oct 30, Julie added it Shelves: research-related. Another concern is that DSI pays little attention to problems of causal complexity, particularly equifinality and multiple interactions effects. Case Studies and Theory Development. This is only to say—and to insist—that case researchers should follow a procedure of systematic data compilation. Miriam Elman argues, for example, that democratic peace case studies overemphasize cases involving the United States and that they have focused excessively on the study of the Fashoda Crisis and the Spanish-American War compared to possible exceptions of the democratic peace. Follow me on Twitter: Tweets by raulpacheco. Download Free PDF. World Politics. In Heath, Robert L. Randomized controlled trial Scientific experiment Blind experiment Open-label trial. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Michael Boyle provided excellent suggestions for improving the entire manuscript to make it more accessible to Ph. The scenarios cover the range of functional areas of student life. The result was a more discriminating and policy-relevant explanatory theory for deterrence failures. In view of these trade-offs, case study researchers generally sacrifice the parsimony and broad applicability of their theories to develop cumulatively contingent generalizations that apply to well-defined types or subtypes of cases with a high degree of explanatory richness. Although almost half the articles published in the top political science journals in recent years used case studies, only about two-thirds of the thirty top-ranked graduate programs in political science offer a dedicated graduate course in qualitative or case study methods, and only two of these departments require such a course. In addition, the identification of different variants of coercive diplomacy strategy has important implications for the selection of cases. And finally, the identification of data requirements in Task Five must be guided by the decisions made for Tasks One, Two, and Three. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote. Structured, focused comparison is more difficult to carry out in collaborative research when each case study is undertaken by a different scholar. Readers will note that our objective in this book, as in our previous works, is to raise the standards for case studies and explicate procedures for improving their value. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. The research objective must be adapted to the needs of the research program at its current stage of development. Has PDF. George E. This is where the transparency of democratic politics enters in, helping to resolve the bargaining problem by making it hard for leaders to bluff but easy to issue credible threats when they have the support of the opposition party. If these have the same outcome, process-tracing may still reveal different causal paths to that outcome. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences Writer

Our focus extends to all aspects of theory development, including the generation of new hypotheses as well as the testing of existing ones. One reason so many case studies of a particular phenomenon in the past did not contribute much to theory development is that they lacked a clearly defined and common focus. Author : Jason C. There are three major types of case studies common to public relations: linear, process-oriented and grounded. Masih ada di situs ini kayaknya deh. Deductive theorizing can also identify new variables, but with the exception of purely deductive theories, inductive field research methods typically lie behind every newly identified variable. Yin 's guidelines and making positivist assumptions. Paperback , pages. Our disagreements have been intellectual, not personal, and they stem from a shared interest in improving research methods of all kinds. Bennett then used qualitative methods in books on Soviet and Russian military interventions and burden-sharing in the Persian Gulf War. Details if other :. Similarly, teaching case studies have become increasingly popular in science education. Chapter First Online: 21 July This is the problem that evidence, whether from a case or a database, can be equally consistent with a large or even infinite number of alternative theories. Journal of Management Policy and Practice. For example, do the foreign policies of democracies established through domestic revolutions against monarchs France differ from those created through anti-colonial uprisings the United States , or those established through defeat in war and occupation by other democracies Germany and Japan? The result was a fairly robust, but not unanimous consensus that democracies have rarely if ever fought wars against one another, but that they have engaged in war in general with about the same frequency as have other types of regime. Cases selected on the dependent variable, including single-case studies, can help identify which variables are not necessary or sufficient conditions for the selected outcome. In this test, he finds strong evidence that democratic institutions decrease the probability of a crisis being initiated by a threat of force, decrease the likelihood of resistance to a threat if one is issued, and decrease the probability of war. In this instance, A is a necessary part of a conjunction that is sufficient for the outcome Y. When a complex explanation identifies a number of contributing causes, it may be difficult, even with the help of counterfactual analysis, to offer a convincing argument that one condition or another was necessary to the outcome. We outline procedures that are conducive to the generation of new hypotheses, such as the study of deviant or outlier cases. It provides a definitive analysis of case study methods and research designs, anchors those methods in contemporary philosophy of science, and argues that case study, statistical, and formal approaches can and should be mutually reinforcing in the development and testing of social theories. The method was devised to study historical experience in ways that would yield useful generic knowledge of important foreign policy problems. Covering theories of ecological systems, sense of belonging, prejudice and discrimination, positive psychology, social capital, personality theory, mentoring, and hope theory, this book promotes the understanding and application of social psychological theories to various higher education contexts. Yet a satisfactory integration of the five tasks usually cannot be accomplished on the first try. Eliana Vasquez provided much essential support in a cheerful and efficient manner. This requires that the universe or subclass of events be clearly defined so that appropriate cases can be selected. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences Reviews Cambridge University Press. Journal of International Business Studies. The Cuban Missile Crisis, for example, is a historical instance of many different classes of events: deterrence, coercive diplomacy, crisis management, and so on. In this test, he finds strong evidence that democratic institutions decrease the probability of a crisis being initiated by a threat of force, decrease the likelihood of resistance to a threat if one is issued, and decrease the probability of war. Phase one—the research design—consists of five tasks. History Philosophy Portal Psychologist. This may be useful to graduate students who want to explore research designs in well-regarded studies; it may also be helpful to professors as they design classes in case study methods. Bennett III. Peterson argues that systemic variables such as military balance interacted with state institutions and the preferences of leaders and public opinion in France and Britain to avert war. George and Andrew Bennett. Buy options. This text presents a comprehensive analysis of research methods using case studies and examines the place of case studies in social science methodology. This model highlights the bargaining problem, or the challenge that actors in a crisis face when they attempt to negotiate a peaceful outcome without complete information. If a researcher defines the problem too broadly, he or she risks losing important differences among cases being compared. Jeremy Suiter rated it liked it Mar 25, In their study, Ember, Ember, and Russett test the findings of studies on the democratic peace among modern states and test them against pre-industrial societies; they find support for the proposition that participatory decision-making processes are conducive to peace in otherwise very different industrial and pre-industrial societies. Hidden categories: CS1 German-language sources de Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December All articles with incomplete citations Articles with incomplete citations from December Articles needing expert attention from January All articles needing expert attention All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December Bhagya Senaratne rated it really liked it May 14, One study of Western democratic political opposition brought together a distinguished group of scholars, each studying the democratic opposition in a Western democracy. For example, quite different lessons regarding military strategy for fighting limited wars were drawn from the frustrating experience of the Korean War and once again, quite ominously, from the failure of American military power in the Vietnam War. We both felt that the time was ripe to draw on the lessons learned from the widespread use of sophisticated case study methods developed in recent decades. August 20, Researchers might allow their subjective biases to intrude, leading them to define away anomalies through the creation of subtypes. Chapters 3 through 6 teach students how to carry out case studies using structured, focused comparison. If an investigator wishes to compare and contrast two or more different types of intervention, the study must be guided by clearly defined puzzles, questions, or problems that may be different from or similar to those of a study of a single subclass. Basing this decision on a priori judgments may be risky and unproductive; the investigator is more likely to develop sensitive ways of describing variance in the variables after he or she has become familiar with how they vary in the historical cases examined. This is the foundation of process tracing. In contrast, middle-range typological theories, which identify recurring conjunctions of mechanisms and provide hypotheses on the pathways through which they produce results, provide more contingent and specific generalizations for policymakers and allow researchers to contribute to more nuanced theories.

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University at Buffalo. Unless these defects are corrected, the study will lack a clear focus, and it will probably not be possible to design a study to achieve the objectives. Sophia Barkat rated it it was amazing Jul 01, In general, there are six different kinds of theory-building research objectives. American Political Science Review. Not surprisingly, later researchers who had a well-defined theoretical interest in the phenomenon often found that earlier studies were of little value for their purposes. Parsimonious theories rarely offer rich explanations of particular cases, and such theories must be stated in highly general terms to be applicable across different types of cases. Maoz and Russett use well-established and straightforward measures to control for wealth, economic growth, and contiguity. Since cases suitable for such doubly discriminating tests are rare, Eckstein emphasized the inferential value of instances where a theory fails to fit a case in which it is most likely to be true, and hence the theory is strongly undermined, or fits a case in which it is least likely to be true, and thus is convincingly supported. Most successful studies, in fact, have worked with a well-defined, smaller-scope subclass of the general phenomenon. Create Alert. Bhagya Senaratne rated it really liked it May 14, This text presents a comprehensive analysis of re The use of case studies to build and test theories in political science and the other social sciences has increased in recent years. This has important implications for theory testing: a single unexpected piece of process-tracing evidence can require altering the historical interpretation and theoretical significance of a case, whereas several such cases may not greatly alter the findings concerning statistical estimates of parameters for a large population. Third, even when a plausible argument can be made that a factor is necessary to the outcome in a particular case, this does not automatically translate into a general claim for its causal role in other cases. There is thus a danger that the role of democratic values in promoting peace among democracies has been understated in works that emphasize institutions and information, although surveys might also help validate the role of institutions and information as well. George 1 1. Drew, Centenary College. If a research design proves inadequate, it will be difficult to achieve the research objectives of the study. We offer an alternative to controlled comparison, the within- case method, which makes use of process- tracing in analyzing individual cases. Also, a consensus emerged that democracies are not markedly more peaceful in general, although some studies continue to challenge and qualify this conclusion. https://cdn.starwebserver.se/shops/ronjajohanssonhk/files/newton-on-the-christian-life-to-live-is-christ-760.pdf https://cdn.starwebserver.se/shops/nellienordinjo/files/western-civilization-7th-edition-392.pdf https://cdn.starwebserver.se/shops/nellienordinjo/files/positivity-top-notch-research-reveals-the-3-to-1-ratio-that-will-change-your-life-617.pdf https://files8.webydo.com/9584090/UploadedFiles/81BB2F7A-C175-E676-3BA2-AA5AB62BE899.pdf