WHAT IS CEAS ? THE CEAS the council of european aerospace societies (ceas) is an International MANAGEMENT non-Profit asso ciation, with the aim to develop a framework within which BOARD the major aerospace societies in europe can work together. It presently comprises thirteen full Member socie ties: 3af (france), aIae It Is structured as follows : (spain), aIdaa (Italy), aaar (romania), czaes (czech republic), dGlr (Germany), ftf (sweden), haes (Greece), nVvl (netherlands), Psaa • General functions: President, director (Poland), raes (united Kingdom), sVfw (switzerland), tsaGI (russia); General, finance, external relations & and six corporate Members: esa, easa, eurocontrol, laeta, VKI Publications, awards and Membership. and euroaVIa.. following its establishment as a legal entity conferred under Belgium law, • two technical Branches: this association began its operations on January 1 st , 2007. – aeronautics Branch Its basic mission is to add value at a european level to the wide range of – space Branch services provided by the constituent Member societies, allowing for greater dialogue between the latter and the european institutions, each of these two Branches, composed of governments, aerospace and defence industries and academia. specialized technical committees, is placed the ceas is governed by a Board of trustees, with representatives of under the authority of a dedicated chairman. each of the Member societies.

Its Head Office is located in Belgium: the offIcers of the Board In 2017: c/o DLR – Rue du Trône 98 – 1050 Brussels. www.ceas.org President: christophe hermans [email protected]

WHAT DOES CEAS Vice-President, finance: cornelia hillenherms OFFER YOU ? [email protected]

KnowledGe transfer : Vice-President, Publications and external • a well-found structure for technical committees relations: Pierre Bescond hIGh -l eVel euroPean conferences : [email protected] • technical pan-european events dealing with specific disciplines and the broader technical aspects Vice-President, awards and Membership: • the ceas european air and space conferences: every two years, Kaj lundahl a technical oriented confe rence, and alternating every two years also, [email protected] a Public Policy & strategy oriented conference director General (including financial PuBlIcatIons : Management): Mercedes oliver herrero • Position/discussion papers on key issues [email protected] • ceas aeronautical Journal • ceas space Journal chairman of the aeronautics Branch: • ceas Quarterly Bulletin christophe hermans [email protected] relatIonshIPs at a euroPean leVel : • european commission chairman of the space Branch: • european Parliament torben henriksen • asd (aerospace and defence Industries association of europe), easa [email protected] (european aviation safety agency), eda (european defence agency), esa (european space agency), eurocontrol chairman of the Programme coordination • other european organisations committee: Pierre Bescond euroPean ProfessIonal recoGnItIon : [email protected] • directory of european Professionals editor-in-chief of the ceas Quarterly Bulletin: honours and awards : Jean-Pierre sanfourche • annual ceas Gold Medal to recognize outstanding achievement [email protected] • Medals in technical areas to recognize achievement • distinguished service award Quarterly Bulletin, design & Page setting: YounG ProfessIonal aerosPace foruM sophie Bougnon [email protected] sPonsorInG

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 2 • CEAS MEMBER SOCIETIES CEAS MEMBERS AND PARTNERS

President: captain roland Karlsson FULL MEMBERS : Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute st - Persgatan 29 5tr, se - 602 33 norrköping Association Aéronautique Russian Aerospace Society ( TsAGI ) tel.: + 46(0)11 345 25 16 /+ 46 (0)705 38 58 06 1, Zhukovsky st. – Zhukovsky, Moskow region, et Astronautique de France (3AF) [email protected] 6,rue Galilée – f-75016 Paris 140 180, russian federation CEAS Trustees: – Kaj lundahl tel.: + 33 (0) 1 56 64 12 30 – www.3af.fr Chief Executive and CEAS Trustee: wiboms väg 9 • se - 171 60 solna President: Michel scheller sergey l. chernyshev, d.sc. [email protected] Corporate Partners Director: elisabeth dallo [email protected] – www.tsagi.com +46 8 270 264 – +46 703 154 969 (mob) [email protected] CEAS Trustee: evgeni andreev – [email protected] – Prof. Petter Krus : linköping university Secretary General: Bernard Vivier se - 58183 linköping – [email protected] [email protected] +46 13 282 792 – +46 708 282 792 (mob) CEAS Trustees: Pierre Bescond CORPORATE MEMBERS : Secretary: Björn Jonsson – fMV al flyglogistik [email protected] and elisabeth dallo se-115 88 stockholm, sweden ESA Executive Secretary : anne Venables 8-10, rue Mario nikis - f-75015 Paris [email protected] [email protected] CEAS Representative: torben henriksen Event Coordination: anne Venables Hellenic Aeronautical Engineers Society www.esa.int (HAES) Asociación de Ingenieros Aeronáuticos 3, Karitsi str. 10561 – Gr-10561 athens EASA de España (AIAE) Phone & fax (haes): +30-210 - 323 - 9158 Konrad - adenauer - ufer 3 coIae. francisco silvela 71, entreplanta working hours Phone:+30 22620-52334 d-50542 cologne (Germany) 28250 Madrid (spain) – tel.: + 34 91 745 30 30 Mob.:+30 697 997 7209 tel.: +49 (221) 8999 0000 - http://easa.europa.eu [email protected] - www.coiae.es e-mail (haes): [email protected] President: Mrs estefan ía Matesanz romero President: Ioannis Vakrakos – CEAS Trustees: Mrs Mercedes oliver herrero EUROCONTROL [email protected] rue de la fusée 96 - Brussels 1130 [email protected] CEAS Trustees: triantafyllos (akis) CEAS Representative: Philippe Merlo Mrs estefan ía Matesanz romero tsitinidis [email protected] http://www.eurocontrol.int Secretary: [email protected] tony economopoulos – [email protected] Associazione Italiana di Aeronautica EUROAVIA Nederlandse Vereniging voor Luchtvaart - e Astronautica (AIDAA) Kluyverweg 1 - 2629 hs, delft, nl casella Postale 227 – I-00187 roma V.r. techniek (NVvL) President and CEAS Trustee: horatiu Goanta c/o netherlands aerospace centre tel / fax : +39 366 144 21 31 CEAS Representative: nicola cimmino anthony fokkerweg 2 [email protected] – www.aidaa.it [email protected] nl- 1059 cM amsterdam President: Prof. leonardo lecce Phone: +40 743 00 1578 – www.euroavia.eu tel.: + 31 88 511 3055 (secretariat) universita di napoli frederic II [email protected] – www. nvvl.org Via claudio 21 – 80125 napoli President: christophe hermans LAETA (Portugal) [email protected] CEAS Representative: Pr l.B. campos CEAS Trustee: christophe hermans Secretary General: Prof. cesari cardani ave rovisco Pais - lisboa [email protected] [email protected] / [email protected] Secretary General and CEAS Trustee: www.idmec.ist.utl.pt/laeta/ CEAS Trustees: Prof. leonardo lecce Paul eijssen – [email protected] and Prof. amalia ercoli finzi VKI (Belgium) [email protected] Polish Society of Aeronautics chaussée de waterloo, Secretary : daniela Vinazzza – [email protected] and Astronautics (PSAA) 72 - B- 1640 rhode-st-Genèse nowowiejska 24 – 00-665 warsaw – Poland CEAS Representative: Jean Muylaert Aeronautics and Astronautics Association Phone : +48 660 009 804 www.vki.ac.be of Romania (AAAR) President: Pawel stezycki 220d Iuliu Maniu ave - 061126 Bucharest 6 – [email protected] romania, P.o. 76, P.o.B. 174 – www.aaar.ro Vice-President: Miroslav rodzewicz President: Prof. Virgil stanciu SOCIETIES HAVING SIGNED A MOU WITH [email protected] [email protected] CEAS : CEAS Trustee: Miroslaw rodzewicz Vice-President and CEAS Trustee: dr eng. [email protected] Académie de l'Air et de l'Espace (AAE) Valentin silivestru – [email protected] 1, avenue camille flammarion – f-31500 toulouse General Secretary: andrzej Zyluk CEAS Trustee: Prof. Ion fuiorea www.academie-air-espace.com Treasurer: Jacek szumbarski [email protected] Coordinator for Foreign Relations : Zdobyslaw American Institute of Aeronautics Czech Aerospace Society (CzAeS) Goraj - [email protected] and Astronautics (AIAA) novotneho lavka 200/5 Administrative Officer: agata wierzbinska 1801 alexander Bell drive, reston, Va 20191 110 00 Prague, czech republic [email protected] – www.aiaa.org [email protected] - www.czaes.org Royal Aeronautical Society (RAeS) President and CEAS Trustee: no.4 hamilton Place – london Chinese Society of Astronautics (CSA) w1 J 7 BQ – united Kingdom Po Box 838 – 10830 Beijing, china (Prc) assoc. Prof. daniel hanus, csc, eur InG, afaIaa Pr wang Jia – [email protected] Vice-President and CEAS Trustee: tel.:+ 44 (0)20 76 70 4300 [email protected] – www.aerosociety.com www.csaspace.org.cn/ assoc. Prof. Jan rohac, Phd President : acM sir stephen dalton fraes European Aeronautics Science Network CEAS Trustees: emma Bossom and david chinn Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft-und (EASN) Raumfahrt Lilienthal-Oberth e.V. (DGLR) [email protected] President: Prof. spiros Pantekalis Chief Executive: Godesberger allee 70 – d- 53175 Bonn simon luxmoore rue du trône 98 – 1050 Brussels, Belgium tel.: + 49 228 30 80 50 [email protected] www.easn.net [email protected] – www.dglr.de Governance and Compliance Manager: President: Prof. rolf henke: [email protected] saadiya ogeer – [email protected] Association of European Research CEAS Trustees: dr cornelia hillenherms Head of Conference: richard nicholl Establishments in Aeronautics (EREA) [email protected] [email protected] Chairman: Bruno sainjon – onera and Philip nickenig - [email protected] EREA Secretary: uwe Moeller – dlr Secretary General: Philip nickenig Schweizerische Vereinigung für [email protected] Executive and Team Assistant: susanne frank Flugwissenschaften/Swiss Association International Council of the [email protected] of Aeronautical Sciences (SVFW) ruaG/aviation – seetalstrasse 175 Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS) Conference Manager: torsten schilling Po Box 301 – ch-6032 emmen President: dr-Ing. detlef Müller-wiesner [email protected] tel.:+41 79 239 22 36 – www.svfw.ch executive secretary: axel Probst Flygtekniska Föreningen (FTF) – Swedish President and CEAS Trustee: dr Jürg wildi c/o dGlr – Godesberger allee 70 – d- 53175 Bonn Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics [email protected] [email protected] – www.icas.org anna rathsman - ssc c/o rymdbolaget CEAS Trustee: dr Georges Bridel Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Box 4207 – se-171 04 solna a/o alr – Gotthardstr. 52 – ch-8002 Zurich Sciences (KSAS) tel: +46-8-627 62 62 [email protected] Prof. seung Jo Kim – Prof. In-seuck Jeung [email protected] [email protected] – [email protected]

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 • • 3 LIFE OF CEAS

EDITORIAL • an interview with Marc Picher, former head of cnes toulouse centre, about “climate needs space”, the theme of the air and space academy conference to be held in toulouse on 10 and 11 october.

I wish you a good reading and on behalf of the Board of Jean-Pierre sanfourche trustees, I thank you in advance for your contribution to editor-in-chief, the success of Bucharest conference 2017. ” ceas Quarterly Bulletin

“dear readers,

he front page of this bulletin highlights the important T objective to be reached by the ceas in this year: the full success of its sixth biennial conference which will be held in Bucharest from 16 to 20 october 2017, organised and hosted by the aeronautics and astronautics association of romania (aaar). for the first time it will be CONTENTS supported by several european science & technology associations, which justified its new title: CEAS lIfe of ceas AerospaceEurope Conference . the preparation status • ceas P resIdent ’s MessaGe ------5 report here after presented clearly shows that all necessary efforts are converging towards the achieve - • ceas a erosPace euroPe conference 2017 - - - - -6-8 ments of this target. • status rePort on scIntIfIc PuBlIcatIons ------8-9 BY ceas You may observe that the editorial volume of our bulletin • dIGItal connectIVItY & c YBersecurItY ------is slightly growing: this is difficultly avoidable if we wish to 10 continuously improve its quality by regularly covering seMInar london

aeronautical sciences, defence and space. • aIdaa XXIV I nternatIonal conference – - - - -10-11 concerning aeronautical sciences, two articles are publi - PalerMo shed, both oriented towards the future: aeronautIcal scIences • The endless runway , a study conducted by an industrial • cIrcular runwaYs ------12-13 consortium, analysing in detail the advantages and disadvantages of the circular runway concept, as well • solar-Jet: Z ero -c arBon ------14-15 as the main technical obstacles to be overcome; Jet froM sunlIGht

• solar-Jet Zero-Carbon Jet Fuel , the eu-fP7 research aerosPace defence & securItY

project whose aim is to demonstrate the possibility to • new aesa Mfr r adars for IaMd ------16-18 produce carbon-neutral kerosene from co 2 captured In thales from air, water and solar energy. • eda’ s annual rePort 2016 ------18-19 the aerospace defence and security section presents sPace two papers: on the one hand an article relating to the Integrated air and Missile defence (IaMd), and on the • eXo Mars 2020 M IssIon ------20-24 other hand the welcome words of the eda 2016 annual • esa adVanced ManufacturInG cross ------25-28 report by Jorge domecq, eda chief executive. cuttInG InItIatIVe

as regards space, four subjects are covered: • sentInel II B ------28-30 • exoMars 2020, ambitious mission jointly developed by • the clIMate needs sPace : I nterVIew ------30-31 esa and roscosMos, the space agency of russia; wIth Marc PIrcher • the esa recent advancements in the manufacturing technologies for the space sector; aerosPace eVent calendar ------32-33 • sentinel IIB and its successful launch on 7 March;

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 4 • LIFE OF CEAS

CEAS PRESIDENT ’S MESSAGE

christophe hermans, ceas President 2017

CEAS @work at the last General assembly meeting elisabeth dallo the future of space exploration. Progress on the prepara - (representing aaaf) and Paul eijssen (representing nVvl) tions and a first draft conference programme can be follo - were elected as new trustee Board members and torben wed on the conference website ( http://ceas2017.org/ ). we henriksen (esa) as branch chair space. would like to welcome you all in the prestigious Palace of on 21 March we had our first ceas officers meeting in the the Parliament that has been chosen as conference venue. Polsca Brussels office. from 2017 onwards we will meet the registration process has started and we still can twice a year as trustees to discuss strategic matters and accommodate companies and organizations to take part in twice the officers will hold meetings dealing with the day- the exhibition. to-day business of the council. Important points on the agenda of the officers meeting of Cooperation course were the preparation of the ceas/aerospace during a first joined meeting with easn, represented by europe conference 2017, nominations received for the spiros Pantelakis (as chairman of the european ceas awards, 25 years of ceas and ceas aeronautical aeronautics science network association), we have and space Journals. signed a cooperation agreement. Both our organisations provide services and conduct activities some of which are In the framework of our contribution to the eu ecaero-2 quite similar, others are rather complementary. By joining project together with sister societies eccoMas, ercof- forces in certain areas I’m convinced we can reach out to tac, eucass, euroMech and euroturBo the more professionals, increase our impact and be more effi - aerospace europe platform has been established cient in organizing events. traditionally easn has strong (http://aerospace-europe.eu/). the platform has been links with universities and thus scientists, where we as created with the aim of providing a central hub for professio- ceas reach out more to industry, applied research and nals with an interest in the development and applications of thus engineers, it shows that we can reinforce each other. technologies in all areas relevant to aeronautics and this is why we have agreed from 2019 onwards to jointly astronautics. Main focus is on the dissemination of informa- organize the biennial european aerospace conferences tion and the promotion of knowledge transfers at a with a joined technical committee. european scale. ceas is using the platform for publishing the papers presented at our conferences and thematic Aeronautical and Space journals events, as far as not issued in our journals. the platform also the first volumes of this year for both of our successful contains a rich overview of all relevant aeronautical events. journals with 27 excellent scientific articles have been published in March. end of last year we have welcomed ceas is in contact with PeGasus, the european network hansjörg dittus (dlr), who took over the position of editor- of aerospace engineering faculties, about setting up an eu in-chief of the space Journal succeeding constantinos quality system in the higher education in aerospace. stavrinidis. In addition olga trivailo (dlr) and rafael Bureo dacal (esa) have joined the Managing editor team of the CEAS Aerospace Europe Conference in 2017: European space Journal. we are very grateful for the effort and Aerospace: Quo Vadis? enthusiasm of steve who significantly contributed to the the preparations for our ceas aerospace europe success of the ceas space Journal from its first edition in conference from 16 – 20 october in Bucharest, organized 2011 onwards! by our romanian society aaar, are progressing well. the Christophe Hermans call for papers has been closed. the preliminary confe- rence program contains 40 technical sessions, 7 special sessions and 6 workshops on interesting topics. Plenary sessions will deal with subjects like strengthening interna- tional collaboration, advances in aerospace sciences and

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 • • 5 LIFE OF CEAS

AEROSPACE EUROPE CEAS CONFERENCE2017

By Leonard Trifu, Marketing Manager, COMOTI

DATE AND VENUE • Raoul POPESCU , Pratt & whitney aeropower rzeszow, Poland THE CEAS WILL HOLD ITS 6 th BIENNIAL CONFERENCE: • Bruno SAINJON , european research establishments in ‘AEROSPACE EUROPE CEAS CONFERENCE2017’ aeronautics (erea), onera, france froM 16 to 20 octoBer 2017 In Bucharest – • Valentin SILIVESTRU , romanian national research and Palace of the ParlIaMent – 2-4 IZVor st. (sector 5, development Institute for Gas turbines coMotI, 050563 – Bucharest, romania) romania. the conference will take place in 7 rooms/halls. • Virgil STANCIU , aeronautics and astronautics a 300 m 2 space will be available for the exhibition. association of romania (aaar), „Politehnica” university of Bucharest, romania. PROGRAMME • Stefan Constantin VALECA , Ministry of research and Innovation. romanian Government (final confirmation PLENARY SESSIONS – KEYNOTE SPEAKERS pending) • Michael WINTER , Pratt & whitney, usa • Frank BRENNER , eurocontrol, Brussels, Belgium • Sorin ZGUR , Institute of space science, romania Ă • Christiane BRUYNOOGHE , eurocontrol, Brussels, • european space agency (representative to be assigned) Belgium • Olivier CHAZOT , “von Karman” Institute for fluid TECHNICAL SESSIONS dynamics, , Belgium • 40 ordinary technical sessions on 23 topics, including • Valentin CIMPUIERU , romanian air traffic services an estimated number of 240 peer reviewed papers administration roMatsa, romania • 7 special sessions including an estimated number of 40 • Dominique COLLIN , safran Group – snecMa, france peer reviewed papers • Mihnea COSTOIU , “Politehnica” university of Bucharest, – “Constant volume combustion ”, organised by coMotI romania and will gather presentation of the latest research • Delia DIMITRIU , Manchester Metropolitan university, uK results in the field. some of the latest results obtained • Sergiy DMYTRIYEV , se Ivchenko-Progress, ukraine in the fP 7 project tIde will be presented. a round table • C t lin FOTACHE , united technologies research center discussion at the end of the workshop will facilitate the ă ă (utrc), usa free exchange of ideas between the participants. • Laszlo FUCHS , royal technical university of stockholm, – “Aircraft 3 rd Generation MDO for Innovative Collabo- sweden ration of Heterogeneous Teams of Experts ”. three • Rolf HENKE , advisory council for aviation research and special sessions organised by dlr on the latest results Innovation in europe (acare), dlr, dGlr, Germany from the aGIle horizon 2020 project aimed at develo - (final confirmation pending) ping the next generation of Mdo and aircraft design • Christophe HERMANS , ceas, dnw, netherlands and on the exploitation activities dedicated to educa - • Charles HIRSCH , nuMeca, Belgium tion, including the “aGIle design challenge”, dedicated • Laurent Leylekian , onera, france to the academia and research organizations. • C t lin NAE , romanian national aerospace research – “Space Technology and Advanced Research” . three ă ă Institute “elie carafoli”, romania. special sessions organized by the romanian space • Guillermo PANIAGUA PEREZ , Purdue university, usa agency rosa to presents results obtained within the • Florin P UN , onera, france star research programme. Ă • Olivier PENANHOAT , safran aircraft engines, france • Marius Ioan PISO , romanian space agency rosa. • 6 workshops including an estimated number of 40 pre - • Octavian Thor PLETER , “Politehnica” university of sentations: Bucharest, romania – “Future Sky” . workshop organised by erea, the asso -

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 6 • LIFE OF CEAS

ciation of european research establishments in – Industria aeronautica romana (Iar), Brasov, romania aeronautics on its Joint research Initiative in which – romaero s.a., Bucharest, romania; development and integration of aviation technologies – Inas s.a., craiova, romania are taken to the european level, and based on the ali - – the european aeronautics science network - gnment of national institutional research for aviation by technology Innovation services BVBa (easn), setting up joint research programmes. the session will Budingen, Belgium be chaired by Mr. Joseph KasPar, General Manager at – european space agency / romanian space agency VZlu, czech republic, erea Vice chair and chair of future sky Board. PUBLICATION POLICY – “ACARE SRIA” workshop organised by the advisory • a book of abstracts will be published and provided to the council for aviation research (acare), where the registered participants in both hard copy and in electro - updated strategic research and Innovation agenda nic format. (srIa), expected in June, will be disseminated and dis - • the accepted peer reviewed papers will be published, cussed. following the recommendations of the scientific com- – “Research Infrastructures in Europe” , workshop orga - mittee of the conference, in: nized by the european commission on the current sta - – ceas aeronautical and space Journals (springer), both tus and future development needs and directions for the indexed in scopus; european research infrastructure. with the confirmed – Incas Bulletin (romania academy); participation of the Italian aerospace research center, – or transportation research Procedia (elsevier) cIra. as conference proceedings. – “Aircraft Flow Control Technologies” (aflonext). the ec project aflonext is a four-year integrated project (level 2) targeting on maturing flow, loads and noise KEY DATES control technologies for transport aircraft. the works - • review decision and invitation for full paper submis - hop aims to dissemination of the project results in flow sion: 30.04.2017 separation control at local areas of the wing to improve • early bird registration deadline: 15.07.2017 the low-speed performance, and in flow control in the • full Paper submission deadline: 01.09.2017 cruise regime for stabilizing the shock-boundary layer • Registration closed: 10.09.2017 interaction for buffet control. • final conference programme: 15.09.2017 – “Future Education and Training” , workshop organised • Conference sessions: 16 to 20.10.2017 by euroavia the european association of aerospace students, representing the interests of over 2000 stu - dents from 38 universities in 19 european countries. SOCIAL EVENTS – “The 13 th European Workshop on Aircraft Design • Welcome Cocktail Education EWADE 2017” will be organised as part of • Conference dinner ceas 2017 as a full day event. the workshop will dis - • Classical music concert cuss recent advances in aircraft design (research and teaching) and is organized by Prof. dr.-Ing. dieter TECHNICAL VISITS scholZ, MsMe from the hamburg university of • 5 technical visits are scheduled for the last conference applied sciences. day (3 in Bucharest, 2 outside), aiming to introduce the participants to the most important research and industrial organisations active in aviation and space in romania: EXHIBITION • aerostar Bacau and VinconPanciu wine cellar • exhibition space (300 m 2) is available during the • airbus / Iar Brasov and the Peles castle conference for interested participants. Booths can be • Magurele, the research and development town reserved from the organisers. a minimum of 12 m 2 for a • coMotI and Incas Bucharest booth applies. • romaero Bucharest • the exhibition space is located in the Palace of the Parliament building, in the „unirii” hall. ORGANISATION • 10 confirmed exhibitors to date: • executive Board: in charge of all major decisions related – romanian research and development national to the organisation of the conference. Institute for Gas turbines coMotI, Bucharest, • organisation committee: in charge of all the aspects rela - romania; ted to the organisation of the conference, such as logis - – Magic engineering, Brasov, romania; tics, financial administration and sponsor identification: – dassault systems, Vélizy-Villacoublay, france; – Poc dr. Ionut Porumbel, phone: +40.720.090.772, – national Institute for aerospace research „elie +40.214.340.240, fax: +40.214.340.241 carafoli”, Bucharest, romania; – email: [email protected],infoceas2017.org – aerostar s.a., Bacu, romania • scientific committee and Programme committee: ensure

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 • • 7 LIFE OF CEAS

the scientific and technical quality of the papers presented • aeronautics and astronautics association of romania at the conference. (aaar); • european turbomachinery conference (etc); Website • european Mechanics society (eMs); • ceas2017.org • european association of aerospace students (euroaVIa); • weekly website updates • romaero s.a., Bucharest • european aeronautics science network (easn) REGISTRATION& FEES

number of papers2 1 2-3 4-5 > 5

standard 400 € 350 € 300 € 250 € early bird 300 € 250 € 200 € 150 € ceas member 250 € 200 € 150 € 100 € speaker aaar member 200 € 150 € 100 € 50 € Graduate student 150 € 100 € 50 € free undergraduate student 50 € free

exhibitor standard 1,150 € early bird 1000 €

Participant standard 100 €

additional concert free welcome cocktail free conference dinner 75 € technical visit - roMaero free technical visit - Magurele free technical visit - coMotI and Incas free airbus / Iar Brasov & Peles castle 95 € aerostar Bacau &Vincon Panciu wine cellar 95 €

PARTNERS SPONSORS 11 confirmed partners to date: 6 confirmed sponsors to date: • european collaborative dissemination of aeronautical • romanian research and development national Institute research amd applicatons (e-caero) for Gas turbines coMotI, Bucharest, romania; • romanian Ministry of national defence • national Institute for aerospace research „elie carafoli”, • european community on computational Methods in Bucharest, romania; applied sciences (eccoMas); • aerostar s.a., Bac u, romania • european research community on flow, turbulence and • Magic engineeringă, Brasov, romania; combustion (ercoftac); • dassault systems, Vélizy-Villacoublay, france; • “Politehnica” university of Bucharest; • Inas s.a., craiova, romania

SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS BY CEAS

By Cornelia Hillenherms, Christophe Hermans, Wilhelm Kordulla and Olga Trivailo

the CEAS Aeronautical Journal and the CEAS Space knowledge into practice. Journal were created under the umbrella of ceas to pro - the journals are published regularly with four issues per vide an appropriate platform for excellent scientific publi - year. In 2016, authors from 14 / 13 different (also non- cations. the German aerospace center (dlr) and the european) countries have submitted 117 / 41 manuscripts european space agency (esa) support the Journals. to the ceas aeronautical / space Journal. Both journals are devoted to publishing high-quality all articles are peer-reviewed by at least two independent research papers on new developments and outstanding qualified reviewers selected by highly competent field results in all areas of aeronautics-related / space-related editors. open access publication is optional (springer science and technology, including important spin-off capa - open choice). bilities and applications. as such the journals disseminate knowledge, promote the journal subscription rate for members of ceas mem - aerospace research particularly in europe, e.g. from cur - ber societies is 60 €/year (excl. Vat) – please contact your rent eu framework programmes, and foster the transfer of ceas representative.

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 8 • LIFE OF CEAS

CEAS Aeronautical Journal CEAS Space Journal

editor-in-chief rolf henke, dlr, d hansjörg dittus, dlr, d Managing editor(s) cornelia hillenherms, dlr, d rafael Bureo dacal, esa, nl wilhelm Kordulla, dlr, d olga trivailo, dlr, d editorial Board Peter Bearman, raes, london, uK Peter Bearman, raes, london, uK hansjörg dittus, dlr, cologne, d Paolo Gaudenzi, aIdaa, rome, I Paolo Gaudenzi, aIdaa, rome, I rolf henke, dlr, cologne, d christophe hermans, nVvl, amsterdam, nl christophe hermans, nVvl, amsterdam, nl torben henriksen, esa, noordwijk, nl torben henriksen, esa, noordwijk, nl triantafillos tsitinidis, haes, athens, Gr triantafillos tsitinidis, haes, athens, Gr coverage flight Physics & aerodynamics, structures, thermal, ecls, Mechanisms,, aero elasticity & structural robotics, Propulsion, Mechanics, aero acoustics, aerothermodynamics, Gnc, Power, structures & Materials, flight Mission design and space systems, Mechanics & flight control, systems, satellite communication, Materials, flight Guidance / atM / cns, aircraft & operations, optics, optoelectronics aircraft design,rotorcraft, Propulsion, and Photonics, space debris

Volumes 1 78 Issues 1 20 18 Published articles 1 225 129 full-text article downloads 2 43336 31725 scImago Journal rank (sJr) 3

source normalized Impact 1,433 1,006 per Paper 4 h-Index 65 www http://www.springer.com/13272 http://www.springer.com/12567 Paper submission https://www.editorialmanager.com/canj https://www.editorialmanager.com/ceas Issn 18695582 (print), 18695590 (online) 18682502 (print), 18682510 (online) abstracting / Indexing scoPus, Google scholar, eI-compendex, scImago, oclc, summon by ProQuest, etc. Publisher springer science + Business Media senior editor silvia schilgerius, springer nature, Vienna

1. 2011-2016 2. 2012-2016 (run date: February 2017) 3. SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) is a measure of scientific influence of scholarly journals that accounts for both the number of citations received by a jour - nal and the importance or prestige of the journals where such citations come from (source: https://journalmetrics.scopus.com/). 4. The Source-Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) measures contextual citation impact by weighting citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field. The impact of a single citation is given higher value in subject areas where citations are less likely, and vice versa (source: https://jour - nalmetrics.scopus.com/).

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 • • 9 LIFE OF CEAS

DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY & CYBERSECURITY SEMINAR

7 June 2017 connectivity and cybersecurity. Please contact confe - No.4 Hamilton Place, [email protected] to register your interest. London Conference Why should you attend? Meet and network with others to explore and understand SEMINAR SUMMARY the implications of evolving cyber threats against the ever with the ever evolving airborne connectivity technology connected aviation industry. base and digital aviation journey, the complexity facing ope - rators is increasing. this event will bring together airlines, Registration airport authorities, air traffic control organisations, Gds non-Member £180 +Vat and data warehousing companies, It solutions raes corporate Partner £150 +Vat companies, cybersecurity firms, aircraft design raes Member £120 +Vat organisations, universities, Government Bodies, civil raes Baseline Member £105 +Vat aviation authorities and International associations to be pre - sented an informative overview of the connectivity technolo - Speaker Details gies today and in the future as well as the cybersecurity dr Kevin Jones , head of Product and cyber Innovation, regulations, methods and products being explored in order airbus security to protect the industry. Simon Cooper , Partner, Ince & co as part of the day we will be running a ted style session in Gillie Belsham , Partner head of aviation, Ince & co which companies can pitch their solutions to digital

AIDAA CONFERENCE

CALL FOR PAPERS mics, Propulsion, Materials and structures, aerospace XXIV International conference aIdaa 2017 the aIdaa systems, flight Mechanics and control, space systems 2017 International conference ( www.aIdaa2017.com ) will and Missions. the aIdaa 2017 technical program will be held from Monday through tuesday, september 18-19 comprise several types of presentations in plenary and at the university of Palermo, and from wednesday through parallel sessions, keynote speeches and minisymposia, friday, september 20-22 at the Kore university of enna. tutorial sessions, and round tables along with exhibits. the conference will bring together researchers and profes - Papers are invited in the form of regular manuscripts. sionals active in all areas of aerospace sciences and engi - Papers must conform to the format and style specified at neering, with the aim of promoting exchange of knowledge (http://www.aidaa2017.com/papers-and-symposia/ and experience and encouraging networking within the papers.html ). extended abstract and manuscripts should community. contributions in all fields are encouraged be submitted as Pdf document by using the online sub - including but not limited to aerodynamics and fluid dyna - mission systems ( http://www.aidaa2017.com/papers-and- symposia/papers.html. all manuscripts should be written in english. Papers must be characterized by theoretical, numerical and experimental new developments and results in all areas of aerospace science and technology.

Topics to be covered include (but are not limited to): • flight Mechanics • aircraft design • flight tests • aircraft flight control systems

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 10 • LIFE OF CEAS

Registration fee includes (* no excursion, no dinner)

• technical sessions. • 20 minutes oral presentation time • 1 excursion • coffee breaks, lunch & conference dinner. • conference accessories & document • 2 Bus transfer • structures and Materials • damage and fracture Mechanics CHAIRS • smart structurs and Materials Prof. Giuseppe Davì : department of civil, environmental, • computational Mechanics aerospace, Materials engineering, university of Palermo, • fluid dynamics Palermo, Italy. • computational fluid dynamics Prof. Giovanni Tesoriere: faculty of engineering and • aircraft transportation. architecture, Kore university of enna, enna, Italy. • air traffic Management • aircraft Guidance navigation and control CONFERENCE VENUE • aircraft systems and equipments the aIdaa 2017 International conference will be held on • sensors and actuators september 18-19 at the Polytechnic school of the • all-electric aircraft advancements university of Palermo and on september 20-22 at the • aircraft Maintenance and failure analysis M.a.r.t.a. centre – Mediterranean aeronautics research • Propulsion systems & transportation academy of the Kore university of enna. • flight simulation Contacts and Information: [email protected] • aviation human factor • helicopters • space exploration and Missions • space engineering and technology • Green aviation • noise control • aeroelasticity • avionics • optimization, control and Identification

SYMPOSIA Persons willing to organize a mini symposium dedicated to special topics are invited to contact the aIdaa 2017 organizing committee at [email protected]

IMPORTANT DATES • Abstract submission (1 page): April 14, 2017; • Notification of Acceptance: April 30, 2017; • Full Length Paper (8 pages): June 15, 2017.

REGISTRATION FEES early registration deadline (fees must be paid by following the aIdaa registration instructions at www.aIdaa2017. com/registration.html ): May 15, 2017 late registration deadline (fees must be paid by following the aIdaa registration instructions at www.aIdaa2017. com/registration.html ): July 31, 2017

Early registration Late registration deadline May 15 2017 July 31 2017 Member fee € 500,00 € 600,00 Non Member fee € 550,00 € 650,00 PhD Student € 400,00 € 500,00 Undergraduate student € 100,00* € 150,00*

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 • • 11 AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES

THE ENDLESS RUNWAY PROJECT: WOULD CIRCULAR RUNWAYS DRIVE PILOTS ROUND THE BEND? By Jean-Pierre Sanfourche, Editor-in-Chief From the article written by Bill Read FRAeS , published in AEROSPACE magazine, 4 April 2017

the quickest way to get from a to B is in a straight line. or ENDLESS RUNWAYS: WHAT IS IT, IN SHORT? should it be going around in a circle? a consortium of five european research centres led by the netherlands Hub and spoke airport aerospace research (nlr has published a report poking in a circular runway would need a minimum diameter of the potential advantages of building an airport with a circu - 3.5km with an inner runway radius of 1,500m. It would be lar runway. headed by nlr’s senior r&d Manager henk connected to the terminal apron via a taxiway system hesselink, the endless runway project was carried out by consisting of an outer and an inner taxiway ring. the outer nlr, dlr (Germany), onera (france), Inta (spain) and taxiway would operate in the same direction as the runway Ilot (Poland). It received funding through the european and would be connected to the runway through high speed commission 7th framework Programme (fP7). exit taxiways where one aircraft can hold if needed. the the idea of the circular runway is not new: a number of inner taxiway would operate in the opposite direction to the concepts were presented and tested since 1919. In 2011 outer one. taxiways between the airport’s buildings would the concept was again highlighted during the ‘fentress link the inner circular ring to the inner airfield area. the ter - Global challenge: airport of the future’ in which two stu - minal being closer to the runway, aircraft taxi times could dents from stanford’s university and Malaysia’s university be reduced by between 40% and 95%. of science proposed a circular runway concept. Here below, is an abstract of the Endless Runways Final Report from the Consortium.

figure 2. all the airport infrastructure would have to fit within the runway diameter. (nlr)

the terminal buildings would be located in the centre of the circular site around which the aircraft would park. the inclusion of vertical take-offs and landing within the airport could also be envisaged.

figure 3. space beneath the banked runway could be used figure 1. the endless runways final report (nlr) for parking. (nlr)

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 12 • AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES

Landing sideways Rethinking ATM Because aircraft will be required to take-off and land in a the report proposes an increased use of automatic sys - circle with centrifugal force pulling them sideways, the cir - tems using Ils, Mls or space-Based augmentation cular runway would need to be banked in a similar way to systems). naturally the current atc operations, proce - curves on a motor racing circuit. of course changing a run - dures and systems would have to be changed. way from a straight level surface to a curved banked for - mation creates a number of challenges. another problem is the issue of clearance between the run - way surface and the aircraft engines, wing tips and under - carriage.

figure 7. traffic could approach and leave an endless run - way from any direction. (nlr)

Among circular advantages figure 4. landing a large commercial commercial aircraft economy of space – Pilots can land in whatever direction on a banked circular runway would require a new set of is favourable – aircraft can land and take-off at any point in pilot skills. (nlr) the circle – risk of wake turbulence from following the paths of other aircraft avoided - taxi times reduced.

Among circular disadvantages the endless runway concept creates a number of concerns raised particularly from pilots with regard to safety issues when taking off and landing. other concerns include building costs. It is not practical to figure 5. wingtip and engine nacelle clearance for large rebuild an existing airport with a circular runway, so a new commercial jets would be less on a circular runway. (nlr) one would have to be built from zero.

About the future of the concept the authors of the report conclude that much work still needs to be done. as a matter of fact, significant chal - lenges will have to be overcome in many areas, including that of safety, which might only be solved through the use of future technologies yet to be developed. In particular the report estimates that development of the endless runway concept could take another 20 years to come to fruition, by which aircraft and atc systems would be sufficiently matured to enable computers to control the figure 6. a concept image of the erac future aircraft cus - landings to precisely line up with the runway. It also sets tomised for circular runway operation. (nlr) the question: how current operations and procedures should be changed and what new developments would be No longer necessary to change runway approaches necessary? depending on which way the wind is blowing every time the wind changes, there would be a different point so, a long time will be necessary before the endless on the endless runway for optimal take-off and landings. runway concept will come from dream to reality.

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 • • 13 AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES

ABOUT PROGRESS AND PERSPECTIVES OF SOLAR FUELS By Jean-Pierre Sanfourche 1, Editor-in-Chief The SOLAR-JET programme was presented during the Seventh European Aeronautics Days – AERONAUTICS - DAYS2015 – held in London on 20-23 October 2015. Here below is given a short summary highlighting the main components of the concept.

the large volume availability of drop-in capable renewable REDOX CYCLE fuels is of great importance for decarbonising the aviation the solar-Jet (solar chemical reactor demonstration sector. and optimisation for long-term availability of renewable currently, biomass-derived synthetic paraffinic kerosene is Jet fuels) approach uses concentrated solar energy to syn - the only renewable fuel option for civil aviation. But the use thesize liquid hydrocarbon fuels from h 2o and co 2. this of bio fuels at the scale of global demand necessitates a reversal of combustion is a two-step cycle which splits h 2o very large share of the global agriculture land due in parti - and co 2. It is accomplished through a high-temperature cular to the low area-specific yield of bio fuel production. thermo chemical cycle based on metal oxide reduction- In contrast ‘solar fuels’ offer new attractive perspec - oxidation (redox) reactions which convert h 2o and co 2 tives, why? into synthetic gas (‘syngas’), a mixture of h 2 and co.

solar fuels are not based on natural photosynthesis but on SOLAR SYNTHETIC GAS PRODUCTION AND FUEL SYNTHESIS high-temperature thermo chemistry, and therefore offer much higher area specific yield and are most efficiently – Experimental setup at ETH Zurich for synthetic gas gas produced in desert regions with high direct normal solar production irradiation solar irradiation: dnI, typically higher than a high-flux solar simulator produces a radiative flux with 2000 kwh.m -2 per year. thus there is no competition for equivalent properties to that of highly concentrated solar land with food or feed production. solar fuels could meet radiation. this simulated sunlight heats a solar thermo che - the future fuel demand by using less than 1% of the global mical reactor up to 1700°c for the reduction step (figure 1) . arid and semi-arid land. – Solar reactor technology the solar reactor (figure 2) consists of a cavity-receiver In reason of the highest interest of this concept, researches which contains a reticulated porous ceramic (rPc) struc - have received funding from the european union seventh ture, made from ceria, with dual-scale porosity (small- and framework Programme (fP7/2007-2013) under grant large- scale). agreement n° 285098 – Project solar-Jet. – Synthetic gas production ‘syngas’ are produced by simultaneous splitting of co 2 and h 2o. ceria based solar-thermochemical cycles can

figure 1: schematic of the experimental setup, featuring the main system components of the production chain to solar

kerosene from h 2o and co 2 via the ceria-based thermochemical redox cycle.

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 14 • AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES

figure 2: schematic of the solar reactor configuration. the cavity- receiver contains a reticulated porous ceramic (rPc) structure, made from ceria, with dual-scale porosity in the mm- and µm-scale.

directly produce h 2, pure co, or syngas at a desired molar aviation energy future. ratio. the net product is a high-quality syngas, which is fur - • demonstration of the key technological components for ther processed to synthetic paraffinic kerosene via Fischer- solar aviation drop’in fuel production that enables the use Tropsch (ft) synthesis. of existing fuel infrastructure, fuel system, and aircraft – The world’s first solar kerosene engine, while eliminates the logistical requirements of bio the entire process chain to fischer-tropsch derived solar fuels, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels. has been successfully demonstrated in a 4-kw scale labo - • the very large production potential of solar fuels could ratory environment. the ft reaction was carried out in a meet the global aviation fuel demand from less than 1% fixed-bed micro flow unit. the liquid product and the of the global desert area. gaseous product were collected as ‘heavy product’ and • as a socio-economic impact, large-scale production of ‘light product’. hydro cracking is the final step that solar-Jet fuel is expected to increase energy supply converts fischer-tropsch wax (heavy product) into kero - security and wealth from local fuel production in econo - sene and other middle distillates like diesel and naphta. to mically challenged countries with vast areas of arid non- minimise the risk of failure only a small fraction of the pro - arable land. duct wax was used for hydro cracking. the final liquid pro - duct mostly contained kerosene (figure 3) : the world first CONTINUED RESEARCH IS REQUIRED, AMONG OTHERS: ‘solar’ kerosene was produced, this was the first-ever pro - • to increase the solar-thermochemical energy conversion duction of jet-fuel via a thermo chemical H 2O/CO 2 split - efficiency with the aim to achieve competitive production ting using simulated solar concentration. costs: optimised solar chemical reactor design for solar-Jet has clearly demonstrated the possibility to syngas production; produce carbon-neutral kerosene from co 2 captured from • to validate the thermochemical process in a field air, water, and solar energy first-ever production of jet-fuel environment; via a thermo chemical h 2o/co 2-splitting cycle using simu - • to scale-up the throughput to leverage the expected lated concentrated solar radiation. socio-economic and environmental benefits.

PARTNERS AND INDUSTRIAL ADVISORS OF SOLAR-JET: • core team: Bauhaus luftfahrt – eth Zürich – dlr-Vu – shell – artIcc • aviation industry advisors: Iata – lufthansa – airbus Group Innovations – Mtu aero engines

figure 3 : final fischer-tropsch products derived from solar synthetic gas. left: heavy product (waxes). middle: condensate from light product stream (h 2o and hydrocar - bons). right: the world's first solar kerosene.

AMONG BENEFITS • a far-reaching alternative towards the production of car - 1. Article written by Jean-Pierre Sanfourche from notes bon-neutral kerosene from co 2 captured from air, water, taken during the presentation of the subject at the and solar energy. Aerodays2015 and from information available on Internet. • demonstration of pioneering processes for risk aversion in high-impact strategic long-term investments for the

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 • • 15 AEROSPACE DEFENCE & SECURITY

NEW ACTIVE ELECTRONIC SCANNING ANTENNA MULTIFUNCTION RADARS FOR IAMD IN THALES Luc Dini – Co-chairman 3AF IAMD Conference – IAMD Director for Thales’s air operations and weapon systems activities

with contributions from Messrs remi Mongabure (director of Multifunction radars bids for thales’s surface radars activities), ronan Moulinet (head of radars advanced studies offers for thales’s surface radars activities), and Bart van der Graaf (operational Business development manager for thales in the netherlands).

WHY NEW ACTIVE ANTENNA MULTIFUNCTION RADAR ABOUT LATEST INNOVATIONS IN THALES TECHNOLOGIES? thales has been involved into air defense for many years this article depicts the latest innovation for active antenna and has provided surveillance radars to a lot of navies and radars in thales. thales is also working on a more global land forces. the Ground Master 400 air defence radar approach for new Mfr radars integration and networking (figure 1a ) belongs to the Ground Master family which has not only for surveillance but also for fire control systems been sold to over 100 countries. In parallel, thales in the networking. In this environment, thales is working with netherlands has manufactured many sMart-l family air other industries to promote new concepts of fire control surveillance radars (or s1850M) for the european navies architectures to enhance the capacities and resilience of on the horizon frigates (franco-Italian), t45 (uK), but also IaMd fire control systems. a study is currently conducted German, danish and dutch frigates ( figure 2a ). Moreover, through nIaG (nato Industry advisory Group) on thales has also manufactured Multifunction radars and fire Multifunction sensors networking into fire control control systems for medium range systems equipped with clusters. aster missiles which are adapted to different missions and naval platforms for france, Italy and Great Britain and non- european navies. thales provides for example araBel Mfr X band radar, both in land version for french/Italian saMP/t system ( figure 1b ) and in naval version for saaM system (for aircraft carrier Pa cdG – figure 1c – and sawari 2 frigate), but also s band Mfr herakles ( figure 1d ) radar for freMM frigates. fig. 1a: Ground Master 400 fig. 1b: araBel X band Mfr Because of the evolution of the threat (cruise missiles, radar in land version (saMP/t) ballistic missiles with manoeuver capacity), the air defence and missile defence are moving towards an integrated vision called Integrated air and Missile defense where new performances and technologies are needed. this is why thales developed new active antenna digital multifunction radars technologies to extend its radars portfolio to increase

performance and early warning/ early detection capabilities, fig. 1c: araBel X band Mfr fig. 1d: herakles Mfr radar in in l ( figure 2 ), uhf ( figure 3 ), and s ( figu re 4 ) bands to radar in sea based version s band perform long range detection, tracking and engagement (Pa cdG) (for some of them) of various threats from air breathing Figure 1 threat to Ballistic missiles.

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 16 • AEROSPACE DEFENCE & SECURITY

Thales has produced many sea based air surveillance TLP Very Long Range Radar (Figure 3a) is a key element SMART-L radars operating in L band for European navies. for early warning function in order to compute all types of Since 2012, Thales has developed a new SMART-L with ballistic threat. This ground-based low frequency sensor is AESA antenna providing longer range for BMD/ IAMD in a radar realizing the surveillance and acquisition of the naval and land based versions. These radars are currently ballistic missile target in its ascending and ballistic phases under integration and functional tests and prepared for to produce trajectory parameters. The operation in Low first integration on Dutch frigates in 2018. Frequency band brings unsurpassable assets for the long range detection of the high endo and exo atmospheric ballistic missiles. Moreover TLP can provide cueing data to Centimetric band Fire Control Radar by integration in BMD system. The Very Long Range Radar is an active phased array technology (AESA) and multifunction radar based on fence surveillance interleaved - as soon as a target is fig. 2b: sMart-l ewc detected – with a tracking mode based on specific fig. 2a: sMart-l in integration tracking beams. French MoD awarded a risk reduction contract to Thales and ONERA in October 2011 for the development and the experimentation of a radar demonstrator based on the principle of one column of the radar (Figure 3b) defined in the concept study. fig. 2d: In addition to column, the demonstrator solution (Figure sMart-l 3c) integrates real time software in term of signal proces - ewc land fig. 2c: sMart-l ewc naval sing and data processing. As operational radar, it includes based version version under tests HMI with Aerospace visualization, supervision statement under tests and built in test dispositive. Figure 2: SMART-L familly The objective of demonstrator is double: • Validation of architecture and technology choices; • Evaluation of the detection and accuracy performances GLOSSARY in order to anticipate operational performances of the Very Long Range Radar. ABD: anti Ballistic defence ABT: air Breathing target Nowadays integration on site is closed in order to process phase of experimentation. AESA: active electronically scanned array BMD: Ballistic Missile defence EWC: early warning control FREMM: frégate Multi Missions FTI: frégate de taille Intermédiaire HMI: human Machine Interface

IAMD: Integrated air and Missile defence fig. 3a: complete version fig. 3b: one column reduced scale antenna version MFR: Multifunction radar NIAG: nato Industry advisory Group SAAM: surface-to-air anti-Missile SAMP/T: surface-air moyenne Portée/terrestre (french-Italian surface-to-air defence Missile system)

SMART/L: signaal Multibeam acquisition radar for tracking /l band TLP: très longue Portée fig. 3c: fully functional operational one column radar TBM: tactical Ballistic Missile

Figure 3: Very long range alert UHF Radar.

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 • • 17 AEROSPACE DEFENCE & SECURITY

Thales prepares the marketing of new generation radars the ASTER family of missiles. A high level of performance with AESA technology, with a Fully Digital receive chain in surveillance and tracking is attained thanks to the large (FD-AESA), allowing Element Level Digital Beamforming. multibeam capability (>50 simultaneous beams!) and to The MFR family is therefore a combination of a set of the optimization in real time of these multibeam patterns technological breakthroughs including Modular Aesa according to simultaneously performed missions and tar - antenna (see Figure 4a), software radar and fully digital gets (Figure 4d) . beam. Radar products will be available in naval (Figure 4b) and ground versions, with fixed or rotating panels. Building on the GS1000/M3R demonstrator launched in 2004 and wide experience with air defense radars of the GM400 class, they combine deep operational experience with the latest technology. fig. 4b: sea fire s band radar as integrated on a On the new French Navy FTI (Frégate de Taille Intermédiaire) fig. 4a: Modular aesa antenna: large frigate. class, the AESA 4 fixed panel Sea Fire radar (Figure 4c) in S- this antenna is modular to inte - band is arriving to take the place which was previously fulfil - grate from hundreds up to thou - sands of t/r modules, fitted led by the multi-function radar Herakles. Using the same with Gan high power amplifier, antenna technology, larger versions to handle BMD mis - to match all needs up to atBM. sions, and ground versions that can be coupled with the SAMP/T B1NT, are under definition. These radars are modular and allow for the covering of all ranges and powered by the dimensioning of the antenna fig. 4d: Multi-beam manage - and the adjustment of the number of Transmit/Receive ment dedicated multibeam (TR) modules. The functionalities of the range of radars patterns optimized for diffe - cover both ABT (Air Breathing Target) and TBM (Tactical rent tasks such as volume Ballistic Missiles) defence roles, and manage the effector search, horizon search and component by the inclusion of missile link functionality for fig. 4c: 4 fixed panel sea cued target search can be fire radar automatically interleaved.

Figure 4: Future family of SF/GF AESA Multifunction Radars in S band

EUROPEAN DEFENCE AGENCY 2016 ANNUAL REPORT

WELCOME WORD BY JORGE DOMECQ, EDA CHIEF EXECUTIVE

2016 was a seminal moment for European defence and a defining year for the European Defence Agency (EDA). The events that shaped 2016 added a new sense of urgency and determination to see Europe delivering on its poten - tial in defence. The time has gone when Europe’s achieve - ments were judged in terms of what it agreed on paper. Henceforth the success or fai - lure of European ambitions in defence will be judged exclusively on the basis of action and implementation. Defence is now, and needs to remain, firmly on the European political agenda. three major initiatives contributed to a momentous shift in european defence thinking in 2016. first, federica Mogherini, the eu’s high representative for foreign affairs

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 18 • AEROSPACE DEFENCE & SECURITY and security Policy, and head of the eda, presented the a pivotal moment for the eda, but 2017 will be equally european union Global strategy (euGs) in June, calling for crucial in demonstrating the added-value of eu-funded the full use of the “agency’s potential as an essential research in the defence sector. prerequisite for european security and defence efforts.” I believe that 2016 is defined by the fresh momentum behind european defence, but sustaining this momentum this was followed by the Implementation Plan on security requires a strong partnership with industry. europe’s stra - and defence, which set out a new level of ambition for the tegic autonomy is dependent on a globally competitive, eu in defence. second, the european commission adopted technologically advanced and innovative industrial base, the european defence action Plan, paving the way for a that supports the development of the military capabilities substantive european defence fund. thirdly, the eu-nato europe needs. this year eda has identified sources of Joint declaration added new impetus and concrete subs - support for the defence industry, launched a process to tance to the eu-nato strategic partnership. these defining earmark future activities and concrete initiatives in support actions of 2016 have opened a window of opportunity for of defence-related sMes, and has started to reorient is europe to achieve concrete results starting in 2017. engagement with industry to better reflect the evolving defence industrial environment. this means that the critical work on implementation has to the growing interest of the european commission in begin now. and eda, whose core tasks are to support defence issues puts a premium on ensuring that the capability development through european defence coope - agency plays its role to the full as the interface between ration, increase cooperative efforts in research & techno - Member states and the commission. It has already done logy, and strengthen the industrial and technological base this successfully, be it in terms of the Pilot Project and the of the european defence sector, will be fundamental. Preparatory action on defence research, or eu legislation that has implications for defence, such as reach, related 2016 put the spotlight on the added-value and expertise of to hazardous chemicals which may have a direct impact on the eda. the four key capability programmes welcomed the operational effectiveness of the armed forces aswell as by the european council in 2013 have made significant the competiveness of the european defence industry. progress over the last 12 months. the contracts for a equally, the establishment of the eda single european sky definition study of the european Male rPas (Medium (ses) Military aviation Board, a milestone that will form the altitude long endurance remotely Piloted aircraft system) basis for eda’s work on relevant military aspects of ses, and for air-to-air refuelling (aar) were both signed in the underscores the pivotal role of this agency. summer. cyber security poses ever-changing challenges eda is an outward looking agency that puts a premium on that require a cross-sectoral approach to developing effec - enhancing cooperation with other institutions and bodies tive cyber defence capabilities. In 2016, eda continued to to consolidate cooperation and optimise our overall facilitate efforts in education, training and exercise to impact. Its relationship with nato, based on substantive enhance ambitious about what can be achieved in these dialogue at all levels, is ensuring mutually-reinforcing capa - programmes in 2017, in terms of increasing the number of bility development. the administrative arrangements with Member states involved, addressing the full life cycle of both occar and european space agency (esa) have defence capabilities, and developing effective education, greatly improved synergies across programmes this year. training, and exercise initiatives. In 2016, the eda signed new agreements with sesar Ju, eurocontrol, and the european union satellite centre this agency was also a driving force in 2016, breaking new (satcen). ground in an area that up to a few years ago would have the eda has now passed the 185 mark in terms of projects been deemed inconceivable: defence research funded by facilitated and managed since its inception, representing the eu. the eu’s Pilot Project on defence research, which almost €1 billion in r&t investment by the contributing marks the first time that the eu budget is used for defence Member states. In 2017 this agency will continue to work research, is run and managed by the eda on behalf of the in support of our Member states and strive to reinforce the european commission. Its implementation is well advan - european industrial and technological defence base. the ced and the three contracts it foresees were signed in launch of the eda long term review at the end of 2016 october. as a test bed for the conditions of defence aims to set out the long-term objectives, priorities and way research in an eu framework, it also paves the way for the of working for this agency as we move into the future and next milestone on the road towards dedicated eu defence carry forward the implementation of the euGs. research: the launch of the so-called ‘Preparatory action’ 2016 has elevated european defence to a new level and on csdP-related research. set out an ambitious vision for the future. this agency will work with even greater determination and will deploy its full The next twelve months will have a transformational range of expertise so that successful implementation will impact on European defence. EDA will be at the heart of be the defining characteristic of the year ahead. I hope that it. Each year, this Agency grows its expertise and track 2017 will witness an even greater evolution in european record of delivery: 2016 was no different. defence cooperation.

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 • • 19 SPACE

EXOMARS 2020 MISSION

Rafael Bureo Dacal, ESA/ESTEC, Lead Mechanical Engineer, Mechanical Department [email protected]

ExoMars is a mission jointly developed by ESA (Directo- rate of Human and Robotic Exploration) and ROSCOSMOS (the Russian national space Agency). The Mars 2020 system prime contractor is TAS-I located in Torino, Italy. The Carrier Module responsible industry is OHB located in Bremen, Germany. The Rover responsible industry is Airbus UK located in Steevenage, UK. The Descent Module responsible industry is Lavochkin loca - ted in Moscow, Russia. A consortium of around 120 European and Russian industries supports the system level contractors. A cooperation agreement between ESA and NASA in the US will allow the ExoMars 2020 landing assets to access the US Deep Space Network of Ground Stations, and also to relay science data through the American Mars orbiters as a backup to relaying data through the Trace Gas Figure 2 - carrier Module releasing the descent Modules Orbiter. Reciprocally, American landing assets will be which brings the surface Platform and the rover down to able to use the TGO to relay their data to the Earth. Mars . credit: ohB

THE AIM TWO MISSIONS the exoMars programme is based on two missions: one the aim of the exoMars programme is to demonstrate a consisting of the trace Gas orbiter plus an entry, descent number of essential flight and in-situ enabling technologies and landing demonstrator Module (edM), known as that are necessary for future exploration missions, such as schiaparelli, already launched on 14 March 2016, and the an international Mars sample return mission. these other, featuring a rover and a russian landing scientific include: platform, with a launch date on July 2020. • entry, descent and landing (edl) of a set of payload instruments on the surface of Mars;

Figure 1 - carrier and descent Modules. credit: nPo laVochKIn

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Figure 3 - entry, descent and landing (edl) profile.

• surface mobility with a rover; to Mars after a nine-month journey. the exoMars rover will • access to the subsurface to acquire samples; and travel on the Martian surface to search for signs of life. It • sample acquisition, preparation, distribution and in-situ will collect samples with a drill and analyze them with a analysis. versatile set of payload instruments. exoMars 2020 will be the first mission to combine the capability to move across at the same time a number of important scientific investi - the surface and to sound the soil down to 2m depth to gations will be carried out, for example: study the planet. • search for signs of past and present life on Mars; • Investigate how the water and geochemical environment during the launch and cruise phase, a carrier module pro - varies; and vided by esa [fig. 1] (and development by ohB) will trans - • Investigate Martian atmospheric trace gases and their port the surface platform and the rover within a single aero sources. shell inside a descent module (dM) provided by roscosmos (and development by laVochKIn) with some equipment and subsystem contributions by esa [fig. 2] . A EUROPEAN ROVER AND A RUSSIAN SURFACE the dM will separate from the carrier shortly before rea - PLATFORM ching the Martian atmosphere. during the descent phase, the exoMars 2020 mission will deliver a european rover a heat shield will protect the payload from the severe heat and a russian surface platform to the surface of Mars. a flux. two parachutes, one supersonic and one subsonic, as roscosmos provided Proton-M rocket, configured with the well as a breaking engine plus a set of reaction thrusters Breeze-M upper stage, will be used to launch the mission will reduce the speed, allowing a controlled landing on the from the Baikonour cosmodrome. the spacecraft will arrive surface of Mars [fig.3] .

Figure 4 - artist’s impression of the exoMars rover. credit: esa/atG Medialab

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PanCam - The Pa noramic Ca mera To perform digital terrain mapping of Mars.

ISEM - Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars To assess the mineralogical composition of surface targets. Working with PanCam, ISEM will contribute to the selection of suita - ble samples for further analysis by the other instruments.

CLUPI - Close - UP Imager A camera system to acquire high-resolution colour close-up images of rocks, outcrops, drill fines and drill core samples.

WISDOM - Water Ice and Subsurface Deposit Observation On Mars A ground-penetrating radar to characterise the stratigraphy under the rover. WISDOM will be used with Adron, which can provide information on subsurface water content, to decide where to collect subsurface samples for analysis.

Adron To search for subsurface water and hydrated minerals. Adron will be used in combination with WISDOM to study the subsurface beneath the rover and to search for suitable areas for drilling and sample collection.

Ma_MISS - Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies Located inside the drill, Ma_MISS will contribute to the study of the Martian mineralogy and rock formation.

MicrOmega A visible plus infrared imaging spectrometer for mineralogy studies on Martian samples.

RLS - Raman Spectrometer To establish mineralogical composition and identify organic pigments.

MOMA – Mars Organic Molecule Analyser MOMA will target biomarkers to answer questions related to the potential origin, evolution and distribution of life on Mars.

table 1 rover Instruments

THE EUROPEAN ROVER exoMars mission), that is already operational and orbiting after landing, the rover provided by esa [fig. 4] (developed Mars will support the communications of the rover and the by airbus uK), will egress from the surface platform to start surface platform. the rover operations control centre its science mission travelling across the surface of Mars to (rocc) will be located in turin, Italy. the rocc will moni - search for signs of well-preserved organic material, parti - tor and control the exoMars rover operations. commands cularly from the early period of the planet. the rover pro - to the rover will be transmitted through the orbiter and the vides key mission capabilities: surface mobility, subsurface esa space communications network operated at esa's drilling and automatic sample collection, processing, and european space operations centre (esoc). distribution to instruments. It hosts a suite of analytical ins - due to the infrequent communication opportunities, only 1 truments dedicated to exobiology and geochemistry or 2 short sessions per sol (Martian day), the rover is highly research [table 1]. autonomous. scientists on earth will designate target des - The primary objective is to land the rover at a site with tinations on the basis of compressed stereo images acqui - high potential for finding well-preserved organic material, red by the cameras mounted on the rover mast. the rover particularly from the very early history of the planet. must then calculate navigation solutions and safely travel the rover will establish the physical and chemical proper - approximately 100 m per sol. to achieve this, it creates ties of Martian samples, mainly from the subsurface. digital maps from navigation stereo cameras and com - underground samples are more likely to include biomar - putes a suitable trajectory. close-up collision avoidance kers, since the tenuous Martian atmosphere offers little pro - cameras are used to ensure safety. tection from radiation and photochemistry at the surface. the locomotion is achieved through six wheels. each the rover uses solar panels to generate the required electri - wheel pair is suspended on an independently pivoted cal power, and is designed to survive the cold Martian bogie (the articulated assembly holding the wheel drives), nights with the help of novel batteries and heater units. and each wheel can be independently steered and driven. the rover drill is designed to extract samples from various all wheels can be individually pivoted to adjust the rover depths, down to a maximum of two meters. It includes an height and angle with respect to the local surface, and to infrared spectrometer to characterize the mineralogy in the create a sort of walking ability, particularly useful in soft, borehole. once collected, a sample is delivered to the non-cohesive soils like dunes. In addition, inclinometers rover’s analytical laboratory, which will perform mineralogi - and gyroscopes are used to enhance the motion control cal and chemistry determination investigations. of special robustness. finally, sun sensors are utilized to determine interest is the identification of organic substances. the the rover’s absolute attitude on the Martian surface and the rover is expected to travel several kilometers during its direction to earth. mission. the camera system's images, combined with ground the exoMars trace Gas orbiter [fig.5] (part of the 2016 penetrating radar data collected while travelling, will allow

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scientists on-ground to define suitable drilling locations. scales and progressively converging to smaller (sub-milli - data from the novel suite of instruments on-board the meter) studies, concluding with the molecular identification exoMars rover will help scientists to conduct a step-by- of organic compounds. step exploration of Mars, beginning at panoramic (meter) THE DESCENT MODULE the descent Module (dM) [fig. 6] , developed by roscosmos with some developments by esa like the on- board computer, the parachute system, the radar doppler altimeter and the inertial measurement unit accommodates both the landing platform and the rover. during the launch by the Proton –M, the Breeze upper stage will release the spacecraft composite (carrier plus descent module). the thermal control of the dM will ensure a proper temperature of the rover batteries and of all sensitive instruments during the 9 months of the cruise phase. the dM is provided with the canister that holds the two Figure 5 - trace Gas orbiter. credit: esa parachutes plus the mortars. the exoMars descent module will enter the Martian atmosphere travelling at approximately 20 000 km/h. the front shield and the rear jacket rear of the dM are covered by a thermal protection system (tPs) that protects the payload during the first deceleration phase of the ballistic entry in the Martian atmosphere to approximately twice the speed of sound. the angle of entry is important – too steep and the dM may overheat and burn up, too shallow and it may skip off the atmosphere, missing the planet altogether. thereafter, a first supersonic parachute will be deployed. later, the supersonic parachute will be discarded and a second, much larger parachute will open to bring the vehi - cle down to subsonic speeds. after the ejection of the front shield a radar altimeter will measure the distance to the ground and the module's speed over the terrain. the computer will receive this infor - mation and combine it with its knowledge of the descent module's attitude and rates to decide how and when to Figure 6 - descent Module. credit: roscosmos/lavochkin start the controlled landing phase, which uses a brake

Figure 7 - sketch of the exoMars 2018 surface platform. credit: roscosmos/lavochkin/IKI

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ExOMARS 2020 SURFACE SCIENCE PLATFORM: INSTRUMENTS Instrument Description LaRa Lander radio-science experiment HABIT Habitability, brine irradiation and temperature package METEO M Meteorological package METEO-P, METEO-H Pressure and humidity sensors (part of the METEO instrument) RDM (part of the METEO package) Radiation and dust sensors AMR Anisotropic magneto-resistance sensor to measure magnetic fields (part of the METEO instrument) MAIGRET Magnetometer WAM Wave analyser module (part of the MAIGRET instrument) TSPP Set of cameras to characterise the landing site environment BIP Instrument interface and memory unit FAST IR Fourier spectrometer to study the atmosphere ADRON-EM Active neutron spectrometer and dosimeter (can work in tandem with the rover neutron detector) M-DLS Multi-channel Diode-Laser Spectrometer for atmospheric investigations PAT-M Radio thermometer for soil temperatures (down to 1-m depth) Dust Suite Dust particle size, impact, and atmospheric charging instrument suite SEM Seismometer MGAP Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for atmospheric analysis

table 2 surface Platform Instruments

engine and 4 main thrusters. the rear jacket and the para - main science priorities for the surface platform are context chute are discarded and the legs of the landing platform imaging of the landing site, long-term climate monitoring, will be deployed and used for the final touchdown. and atmospheric investigations. the set of sensors and uncertainties about the state of the Martian atmosphere instruments on the surface platform will operate during its mean that a landing site cannot be targeted with absolute nominal mission lifetime of one earth year. precision. the best that can be done is to make a probabi - listic prediction for the likely landing location. this analysis sensors and instruments on the surface platform will also results in a possible area having the shape of an ellipse. be used to study the subsurface water distribution at the for exoMars 2020 the landing ellipse is 120 km by 19 km. landing site, to investigate the exchange of volatiles bet - the mission needs enough atmosphere to effectively slow ween the atmosphere and the surface, to monitor the down its descent, hence the landing site must be in a low- radiation environment, and to carry out geophysical inves - lying area of the planet. It must not contain features that tigations of the planet’s internal structure. could endanger the landing, such as many craters, steep slopes, and large rocks or steep sand dunes. two ancient two european-led instruments will be mounted on the sur - sites on Mars that hosted an abundance of water in the face platform; the lander radioscience experiment (lara) planet's early history have been recommended as the final and the habitability, Brine Irradiation and temperature candidates for the landing site of the 2020 exoMars rover package (haBIt). lara will reveal details of the internal and surface science platform: oxia Planum and Mawrth structure of Mars, and will make precise measurements of Vallis. around a year before launch, the final decision will the rotation and orientation of the planet. haBIt will inves - be taken on which site will become the exoMars 2020 lan - tigate the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere and ding target. the uV radiation environment.

THE SURFACE PLATFORM the surface platform [fig.7] , which is the responsibility of roscosmos and the space research Institute of russian academy of sciences (IKI), will remain stationary and will investigate the surface environment at the landing site. the

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 24 • SPACE THE ESA ADVANCED MANUFACTURING CROSS-CUTTING INITIATIVE: AN OPPORTUNITY TO RAISE EUROPEAN TECHNOLOGY COMPETITIVENESS Tommaso Ghidini, Head of ESA’s Materials and Process section

Introduction sector that will replace traditional production. an advanced workforce will be needed to develop and maintain these europe has been the cradle of the Industrial revolution and innovations, revitalizing and consolidating the european is hosting a manufacturing infrastructure, which builds its leadership in advanced manufacturing for space applica - strength on a solid engineering tradition, a prestigious tions, with a great return of investment in many non-space research and development (r&d) and academic network large industrial sectors. and a responsive industry (fast adapting to technological developments). In 2012, the manufacturing industry in the Advanced Manufacturing for Space Applications eu was worth € 7 trillion in turnover, employed 30 Million the materials and processes used for space hardware citizens directly, providing twice as much job indirectly, the manufacturing are confronted with very peculiar challenges vast majority in small or medium enterprises (sMes). It has and limitations: the omnipresent need on low mass shall be generated around €2 trillion of value-added. It accounts for achieved while also guaranteeing very high performances 80% of private r&d expenditure and europe is a world lea - and reliability of the end product (with no repair/mainte - der in several manufacturing sectors with a 37% global nance option). often small and complex geometry opera - market share. however, the role of the manufacturing indus - ting on highly demanding mission environments (high radia - try has declined in the recent years with 3.8 million jobs lost tion doses, extremely low/extremely high temperatures, in europe since the beginning of the crisis, creating high etc.) are necessary. the rather small production series / government’s concern. In some cases, entire industrial sec - small procurement volumes typical of the space sector, tors have been exported overseas. reduce significantly the influence on the materials/pro - on the other hand, revolutionary materials and manufactu - cesses supply chain with respect to other industrial sectors, ring processes are readily available in the current european therefore limiting the availability of tailored alloys (challen - industrial landscape and esa’s advanced Manufacturing ging materials procurement) and associated manufacturing cross-cutting Initiative has the main objective to map them processes (manufacturability limits the design). this already and spin them in the space business. this will create new challenging supply chain is further impacted by the industrial possibilities, in terms of design freedom, stream - reach/rohs regulations, which are even decreasing the lined and optimised production lead-times and reduced availability of suitable and sustainable technologies. costs, along with enhanced performances of the final pro - recently larger production volumes required for satellites duct. the opportunity is there to change the way space constellations (particularly in the navigation, earth industry works while also regaining lost manufacturing observation and telecomunication markets) as well as capabilities. this shall continue to remain a priority, opening launchers manufacturing have also opened the challenge of to digitalisation. advances in manufacturing will likely the long-term storage for many of the recurring systems become increasingly networked and manufacturing is and sub-systems, often produced years before their launch. expected to advance to new frontiers, resulting in a more long-term storage may induce significant decrease on and more automated and data-intensive manufacturing materials and structures performances, without being

Figure 1 – herschel space telescope primary mirror integrated (left) and the constituent sic petals, the larger ever build with the selected manufacturing process. © astrium/Boostec

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Figure 2 – left, evolving designs: using topology optimisation software combined with 3d printing, manufactured items can be radically different from conventional designs, often widely organic in appearance and moving towards the “bionic” design. right, aM for planetary colonisation as demonstrated on a recent esa study, where a 1.5 tonnes lunar regolith moon base segment has been successfully additive manufactured (artist impression). © esa/foster Partners

detectable with conventional inspection methods. rienced an impressive worldwide compound annual furthermore, the requalification of a new manufacturing Growth rate (caGr) for 2011-2013 of 32.3 %, and the mar - entity entails major non-recurrent costs and, consequently, ket is supposed to quadruple to € 6.8 billion over the next established players with heritage manufacturing concepts ten years. In particular for space hardware manufacturing, dominate the supply chain. aM enables design for performances as opposed to design on the other hand, some of the major advancements in for manufacturing. It opens the design to completely new space technology and exploration have been made possi - and optimised shapes as well as functional structures, ble by many specific breakthroughs in materials and manu - figure 2 (left). Mass saving by more than 50 % is often facturing processes, enabling the development of highly obtained, and up to 95% has been possible for selected sophisticated spacecraft systems, launchers and compo - parts. the number of interfaces and associated controls nents. a bright example is the esa giant infrared telescope has been reduced, lead-time has been shortened by used on the herschel Mission. the 3.5 m-diameter primary months, number of manufacturing steps in a process chain mirror of the herschel telescope, figure 1 , is the largest has been dramatically decreased. aM includes a large astronomical telescope ever launched and is giving astro - family of processes and technologies and can be applied to nomers their best view yet of the universe at far-infrared a wide range of materials going from metals, polymers and and sub millimetre wavelengths. the silicon carbide (sic) ceramics but also food, living cells and organs. applications used for the mirror manufacturing is an ideal material for are ranging from structures, to propulsion and thermal, as large mirrors as it combines high stiffness, low coefficient of well as rf and microwave components. Moreover, aM is a thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity and low den - key enabling technology also for on planet manufacturing sity. however, its development to space standards required (Moon/Mars) using the in-situ resources (Moon regolith and more than one decade and needed the conquering of a Mars soil) and the sun energy to build Moon/Mars bases, succession of extremely challenging and sophisticated pro - figure 2 (right), or for cannibalising and recycling polymers cesses. Mastering each of these advanced manufacturing and metals from the no longer needed landing modules into processes brought a unique competitive advantage to shapes and tools useful for the current mission phase. aM europe and enabled the development of other space mis - machines for polymers are currently present on the Iss and sions such as GaIa. this space technology was transferred a metallic one will soon join, in order to enable in-orbit to other industrial fields, ensuring a long-term availability for manufacturing and replace failed parts or tools without space and non-space applications: in particular, the launching them. european space observatory was considering the use of Out of Autoclave Processing (OAP) is an emerging manufac - the same materials/manufacturing processes (and same turing methodology of composite materials, both thermo - company) for the realisation of the 39 m wide space teles - sets and thermoplastics. the central feature of oaP is the cope supporting the set of world's most advanced ground- use of low cost equipment for curing composite materials, based astronomical telescopes. figure 3 . this processing method overcomes a number of limitations imposed by the use of the traditional high-cost Disruptive Technologies autoclave systems. oaP allows for large component size Many further advanced manufacturing processes are cur - manufacturing while improving the overall process time, it rently available in europe and shall be matured within the massively lowers the overall cost of manufacturing using scope of the present esa’s initiative to a space qualifica - only a fraction of the energy required by traditional auto - tion level. clave curing processes (hence constituting a green alterna - often described as the ‘third industrial revolution’ and com - tive). from the perspective of space industry oaP opens a pared to the Internet with respect to its disruptive impact on possibility to manufacture large structures in a single manu - our day-to-day life, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has expe - facturing step. Ideal applications could be the manufactu -

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Figure 3 – ariane 6 fairing will be manufactured using out-of-autoclave (oaP) processes for costs and performances opti - misation. one of the oaP manufacturing step is visible on the right picture (courtesy of ruaG).

ring of launchers fairings or large, lightweight fuel tanks, considered to be the first titanium tank manufactured using which, in turn, will allow for design-for-demise approach fsw. the fabrication of propellant tank components using towards space debris mitigation. Importantly, thanks to eli - the casting technique, has offered typically five times lower minating the need for the use of capital-intensive auto - costs and two third reduction in lead-time when compared claves, the oaP could open the aerospace composite busi - to forging and forming process while fsw has led to the ness to small companies and start-ups. manufacturing of a complete defect free tank, figure 4 , with Advanced Joining: satellite propellant tanks are currently mechanical performances close to the ones of the parent built from titanium alloys, mainly due to their high specific (un-welded) material. strength and good corrosion resistance. they are usually Manufacturing of thermoplastic composites (offering higher manufactured using expensive forging or forming pro - toughness over traditional thermoset and the possibility of cesses with subsequent machining. the components are being re-shaped even after the primary process), also pos - then welded using fusion based welding techniques (like sible in conjunction with oaP, results in components that electron beam (eB) or tungsten inert gas (tIG) welding), that can be formed and joined using novel techniques. the use cause loss of strength mainly due to the recrystallization of of thermoplastic materials enables the use of welding for the material. Making propellant tanks using these pro - plastic/metal and plastic/plastic joining, allowing the auto - cesses involves a typical lead times of up to six months. mation of assembly, eliminating the use of adhesives and Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is considered to be the most mechanical fasteners, and simplifying the overall manufac - significant development in metal joining in decades. fsw turing methodology. from the perspective of space applica - guarantees the high quality and eco-friendly joining of tions, the clear advantage of these techniques is the weight materials that have been traditionally troublesome and even reduction. examples of welding techniques that can be impossible to weld in conventional manners. esa, together employed for joining dissimilar materials are ultrasonic wel - with twI and ads, has succeeded in applying a casting ding, friction spot joining, and laser welding, figure 4 . technique to manufacture tank end domes and the cylindri - carbon-fibre reinforced thermoplastics can be induction cal sections using titanium alloy ti-6al-4V, that were then heated without any additional material since the carbon welded together using friction stir welding (fsw). this is fibres are electrically conductive. eddy currents are genera -

Figure 4 – left, the prototype propellant tank manufactured using stationary shoulder fsw of two hemispherical domes with a cylindrical section. two girth welds are quite visible. right: laser welding of thermoplastic material (courtesy of twI)).

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ted in the carbon fibre itself, heating the laminate from the european space sector. the new technologies allow within to weld both parts together. fokker has licensed this creating new and highly competitive products as well as “Induct” technology to manufacture vertical tail rudder and optimising the existing processes. the scope of the esa horizontal tail control surfaces for the Gulfstream G650 advanced Manufacturing cross cutting Initiative is to iden - business jet, which has entered service in 2014. the use of tify innovative manufacturing processes in the european thermoplastic welding techniques for composites allowed industrial landscape, introduce them as integral part of the achieving more than 20% weight reduction over aluminium development process for future designs and to conse - in the manufacturing of the a380 wing leading edge. quently allow faster and more cost efficient entry to the market with globally competitive space products, and large Concluding Remarks repercussions in many non-space industrial sectors. recent advancement in the manufacturing technologies offer a unique opportunity to reshape the supply chain of

COPERNICUS: SENTINEL-2B WAS LAUNCHED ON 7 MARCH 2017

The Sentinels are a fleet of satellites designed to deliver the Frequent revisit times allow provide unprecedented views of wealth of data and imagery that are central to the European Earth: global Earth’s land surface every 5 days once Commission’s Copernicus programme. Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B are both are in orbit. Sentinel-2 carries an innovative wide-swath (290 km) high resolution multispectral imager with 13 spectral bands (from SENTINEL-2 SPACE SEGMENT visible to the short-wave Infrared) for new perspectives of sentinel-2 space segment is a constellation of 2 identical our land and vegetation. satellites in the same orbit, 180° apart for optimal coverage • Sentinel-2A has been in orbit since 23 June 2015. and data delivery. together they cover all earth’s land sur - Launcher: Vega – Location: Kourou, Guiana Space Centre. faces, land islands, inland and coastal waters every 5 days • Sentinel-2B was launched on 7 March 2017 at 01:49 GMT. at the equator. Launcher: Vega – Location: Kourou, Guiana Space Centre. Launch mass = 1140 kg. Platform and payload Orbit: Sun-synchronous, 786 km altitude. sentinel-2 is a 3-axis stabilized earth pointing spacecraft. Period = 100 minutes (14.3 orbits per day). • Mass and power: 1140 kg at launch – 1700 w. Nominal life duration = 7 years, with extension possible until • Propulsion: hydrazine propulsion system. on-board consumables are exhausted (each carries 123 kg • 3-axis stabilized based on multi-head star tracker and of fuel including that necessary for end-of-life de-orbiting), fiber optic gyro. to a maximum of 12 years. • radiofrequency communication: X-Band payload data

sentinel-2B liftoff © esa–stephane corvaja, 2017

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Figure 2 – sentinel-2. 04/03/2015 9:53 am © esa/atG medialab sentinel-2 carries an innovative high-resolution multispec - tral imager with 13 spectral bands for a new perspective of our land and vegetation. the combination of high resolu - tion, novel spectral capabilities, a swath width of 290 km and frequent revisit times will provide unprecedented views of earth for europe's copernicus programme. Figure 4 – etna erupts - 16/03/2017 4:54 pm © contains modified copernicus sentinel data (2017), pro - downlink at 560 Mbytes/s + s-Band telecommand- cessed by esa telemetry & control data link. this image of the lava flowing from Mount etna in sicily, • on-board data coverage: 2.4 tBytes Italy, was captured today at 10:45 GMt (11:45 cet) by the • laser communication terminal link copernicus sentinel-2a satellite. Mount etna is the largest active volcano in europe and has one of the world’s longest records for continuous eruption. today, however, there was a sudden explosion resulting in several people being injured. the red hot lava flowing from Mount etna can be seen clearly in the image from sentinel-2a. the surrounding snow has been processed in blue to distinguish from the clouds.launched in June 2015, sentinel-2a carries an inno - vative wide swath high-resolution multispectral imager with 13 spectral bands to monitor changes in land cover and Figure 3 – sentinel 2 radiometric calibration of the MsI ins - vegetation. the mission is designed as a constellation of trument is achieved via a diffuser fitted on the inside face of two satellites and its identical twin, sentinel-2B, was laun - the combined calibration and shutter Mechanism (csM) ched just a few days ago, on 7 March.

Multispectral Imager (MSI) gives high-resolution optical eruptions and landslides, thus contributing to disaster imagery. mapping and helping humanitarian relief efforts. the MsI payloads acquire, store and they download up to 1.6 terabytes (1.6 X 1012) of data per orbit. data are trans - THE FLIGHT CONTROL TEAM mitted to the sentinel Ground station and via high-data Both space craft are operated by a dedicated flight rate laser links to a geostationary telecom satellite, control team from esa/esoc (european space alphasat, and via the erds (european data relay satellite operations control centre), darmstadt, Germany. this system), as well as using an X-band radio data downlink. team comprises six engineers who work under spacecraft operations manager franco Marchese. Satellite (Astrium GmbH, Germany) MsI provides images being used to detect crop type and MISSION OPERATIONS OVERVIEW to determine leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content and the Ground segment is split into 2 halves: leaf water content to monitor plant growth and health. • flight operations segment (fos) for flight control; these images are very important for effective yield predic - • Payload data Ground segment (PdGs) for downloading, tion and applications related to earth vegetation, to map processing and distributing the MsI images. changes in land cover, to monitor the world’s forests, to three phases will succeed: (i) the leoP (launch early orbit provide information on pollution on lakes and coastal Phase); (ii) the commission Phase, until full operations waters as well as to provide images of floods, volcanic capacity (foc) is reached; (iii) routine operations : orbit

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maintenance – mission planning, including systematic image acquisitions and downlinks – downlink of data via erds performance monitoring.

OPERATIONS GROUND SEGMENT AND MISSION CONTROL SYSTEM

Kiruna Station the prime ground station for sentinel-2 mission control is the 15-meter diameter tracking data at Kiruna (sweden). Kiruna is part of esa’s tracking station – estrack – a worldwide network linking satellites in orbit and esa’s operations centre esoc. Kiruna is used for s-Band uplink Figure 5 – Kiruna station - 09/10/2006 5:16 pm (telecommands) and downlink (receiving on-board status © esa-s.corvaja information – telemetry – at esoc). the Kiruna s- and X-band station supports esa's earth observation missions. the station is located at salmijärvi, 38 km east of Kiruna, in northern sweden. the station is By J.-P. S. – From information provided by equipped for tracking, telemetry and command operations www.esa.int as well as for reception, recording, processing and dissemi - nation of data.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “THE CLIMATE NEEDS SPACE ”–TOULOUSE (FRANCE) 10-11 OCTOBER 2017

Marc Pircher –this international conference is mainly INTERVIEW WITH MARC PIRCHER european with an interdisciplinary audience. by Jean-pierre Sanfourche, editor-in-chief of the CEAS Quarterly Bulletin the main objectives are to put together scientists, techni - cians, industrials, space agencies, decision makers, and Marc Pircher academicians together to exchange on climate change: Graduatef from stanford university what is needed?, what is feasible from space and when? and suPaero. former head of at the end the aae has the ambition to express recom - cnes toulouse centre in charge of mendations. deployment of all the french space the scientists will explain in one session their main technical roadmaps and orbital prro - challenges to represent current observed impacts in jects. Member of the french aca- climate changes and to be able to reliably forecast future démie des technologies. corres- changes. another session will focus on the requirements of ponding Member of the air and space space-based systems for the measurement of key atmos - academy pheric variables and the Instrumentalists will expose what On 10 and 11 October, will take place in Toulouse is mature and the future trends in the technology for space (France), at Météo-France International Conference measurements. Centre an international conference organised by the Air and Space Academy, dedicated to the subject: Climate JPS: Following on from the COP 21 climate conference in Needs Space. Considering the importance of this event, Paris, December 2015, the heads of the world’s agencies the CEAS Management Board has estimated that some came together on 3 April 2016 in New Delhi at 10 th edi - months in advance, an interview with yourself, in your tion of the Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing Symposium quality of Chairman of the Programme Committee, would (APRS) at the end of it they approved the principles of a be quite opportune. joint declaration. What is this declaration calling for, regarding the vital role of space vehicles in studying and Jean-Pierre Sanfourche: The AAE (Académie de l’Air et preserving Earth’s climate? de l’Espace – Air and Space Academy) has taken the ini - MP –the main objective of this kind of declarations: one tiative to hold an International Conference on the theme: (Mexico and new delhi) before coP21 in Paris, and one “The Climate needs Space”. Could you tell us briefly the after, is to put high priority in space agencies funding for main objectives of these two-day working session, and climate oriented programmes. the worldwide audience you are expecting?

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 30 • SPACE

JPS: On 7- 18 November 2016, took place in Marrakech JPS: In terms of high technologies, what are the major the COP 22. Did new recommendations and demands advances in preparation at short-term time horizon concerning the use of space means emerge from it? regarding the scientific instruments and data transmis - MP – cop22 was in continuity with coP21 and the fact that sion means you foresee to deal with? space data are essential is now well admitted. for exam - MP – It will be the purpose of session 3 for active and pas - ple the french Minister ségolene royal presented sive instruments. ‘Microcarb’ a satellite for co 2 measurement. JPS: What are the step forwards which can be expected JPS: Scientists have determined approximately 50 para - from the numerical revolution? meters which intervene in climate change and which can MP – the use of “big data” is present in all the road maps be detected and measured by space means only: would it for space data applications, the climate is one of them due be possible to enumerate them, at least the most signifi - to the tremendous number of data needed. cant ones concerning the atmosphere on the one hand, and the oceans on the other hand (the types of major data required and their physical characteristics)? MP – Yes it’s exactly the purpose of the two first sessions of the conference.

JPS: Many Space Earth Observation and Meteorological Organisations all over the world are working on Climate Change: I assume that only a part of them will be repre - sented in Toulouse: what are they? MP – we expect all european public and private organisa - tions and nasa representatives.

JPS: The near-real time coordination of the data exploita - tions between the different nations and agencies involved is a paramount problem: is it foreseen to discuss this matter in Toulouse? MP – climate is not a real time phenomenon, the need of near real time data is for the monitoring of anthropogenic emission and the way we could measure it from space will be discuss in the conference.

JPS: In addition to satellites, other vehicles are being extremely useful, balloons, aircraft: will they be evoked during the conference? MP – no we will concentrate on space systems.

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 • • 31 EVENT CALENDAR

AMONG UPCOMING AEROSPACE EVENTS

22-24 May • EBAA – eBace 2017 – Geneva (switzerland) – Palexpo – www.ebace.aero/2017

29-31 May • AESS/IEEE – 24 th saint Petersburg International conference on Integrated navigation systems – saint Petersburg – concern central srIe – www.elektropribor.spb.ru

29-31 May • ERCOFTAC – dles 11 direct and large eddy simulation – Pisa (Italy) – www.ercoftac.org/events

th 29 May-02 June • ESA – 10 International conference on Guidance, navigation and control – salzburg (austria) – crowne Plaza salzburg - www.esaconferencebureau.com/list-of-events

05-10 June • AIAA – aIaa aVIatIon 2017 forum - aviation and aeronautics forum and exposition – denver, co (usa) – sheraton denver downtown hotel – www.aiaa-aviation.org/

05-10 June • AIAA/CEAS – 23 rd aIaa/ceas aeroacoustics conference – denver, co (usa) – sheraton denver downtown hotel – www.aiaa.org/aeroacoustics/

06-07 June • FSF/EUROCONTROL – 5 th annual safety forum – Brussels (Belgium) – eurocontrol/hQ https://flightsafety.org/event/2017

07 June • RAeS – seminar “digital connectivity and cybersecurity” - london (uK) - raes/hQ - www.aerosociety.com/events

12-14 June • ACI – acI – europe 27 th General assembly congress and exhibition – Paris (france) – salle wagram www.aci-europe-events.com

13-14 June • RAeS – Benchmarking for Improving flight simulation – london (uK) – raes/hQ www.aerosociety.com/events

13-15 June • 3AF/SEE – ettc’17 – toulouse (france) – centre de congrès Pierre Baudis. https://www.see.asso.fr/

19-25 June • ISAE/GIFAS – IPas 2017 International Paris air show – le Bourget airport – www.siae.fr

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 32 • GENERAL

ISSUE 2 - 2017 - 2 nd Quarter

AMONG UPCOMING AEROSPACE EVENTS

25-28 June • EUROMECH – euromech turbulence conference (etc) 2017 – Porto (Portugal) – university – faculty of engineering – www.euromech.org

27-29 June • 3AF – IaMd 12 – 12 th International conference 3af Integrated air and Missile defence – stockholm (sweden) – http://3af-integratedairmissiledefence.com

03-06 July • EUCASS – eucass2017 – 7 th european conference for aeronautics and space sciences – Milan (Italy) – Politecnico di Milano – www.eucass.eu

10-12 July • AIAA – aIaa Propulsion and energy 2017 forum – atlanta, Ga (usa) – hyatt regency www.aiaa-propulsionenergy.org

12-14 September • AIAA – aIaa sPace 2017 forum – orlando, fl (usa) – hyatt regency – www.aiaa-space.org

12-15 September • ERF – erf2017 – 43 rd erf – Milan (Italy) – Politecnico di Milano – campus Bovisa https://www.erf2017.org

13-16 September • CEAS – 21 st workshop of the aeroacoustics specialists committee of the council of european aerospace societies – dublin (Ireland) – trinity college, university dublin– www.aiaa.org/events - https://www.aiaa.org/ceas-asc-workshop2017/

18-22 September • COSPAR – 3 rd symposium cosPar – small satellites space research – Jeju Island (south Korea) Icc Jeju – https://cosparhq.cnes.fr

18-22 September • AIDAA – XXIV International conference aIdaa – Palermo, university of Palermo on 18-19 and enna, Kore university on 20-22. Italy. www.aidaa2017.com

25-29 September • IAF – 68 th International astronautical congress – adelaide (australia) – adelaide convention centre www.aiaa-space.org

03-05 October • Aviation Week – Mro europe 2017 – london (uK) – excel london www.mroeurope.aviationweek.com/

10-11 October • AAE – International conference “the climate needs space” – toulouse (france) – congress centre Météo – france – www.academie-air-espace.com/espaceclimat

16-20 October • CEAS – aerospace europe 2017 conference – 6 th ceas air & space conference – Bucharest (romania) Parliament of romania – www.ceas2017.org

25-29 October • ESA – 6 th international colloquium on scientific and fundamental aspects of Gnss/Galileo – Valencia (spain) – tu Valencia – http://esaconferencebureau/list-of-events

13-15 November • IAA – 1 st International academy of astronautics (Iaa) conference on space situational awareness – orlando, fl (usa) – www.icssa2017.com

ceas Quarterly Bulletin - 2 nd quarter 2017 • • 33