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Transactions of the Astronomical and Physical Society of Toronto 1894

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Transactions of the Astronomical and Physical Society of Toronto 1894 TRANSACTIONS OF THE F O R T H E Y E A R 1 8 9 4 , INCLUDING FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. PRICE ONE DOLLAR. T O R O N T O : ROWSELL & HUTCHISON, Printers to the Society. 1895. CHARLES CARPMAEL, M. A. (CANTAB.) TRANSACTIONS OF THE F O R T H E Y E A R 1 8 9 4 , INCLUDING FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. PRICE ONE DOLLAR. T O R O N T O : ROWSELL & HUTCHISON, Printers to the Society. 1895. CORRIGENDA. Transactions, 1890, page 29, line 8 from bottom, for “Jupiter” read “Neptune.” Transactions, 1891, page 5, line 11 from top, for “B.C. 380” read “B.C. 310.” Transactions, 1893, page 59, line 9 from top, for “7 p.m.” read “11.15 p.m.” Transactions, 1893, page 67, line 3 from bottom, value of comp. log n' should be “22132633.” Transactions, 1894, page 16, line 3 from top, for “1·500th” read “1-500th.” “ “ “ line 5, for “1·250th” read “1-250th.” Transactions, 1894, page 31, line 14 from top, for “two angles” read “three angles.” TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. Officers. V Council . V Life Members . V Honourary Members . VI Corresponding Members . VI Active Members and their Addresses. VII Associate Members . X An Evening with Jupiter . Musson and others. 1 Force and Energy . Allen. 7 “ “ . Collins and others. 9 Aurora of February 23rd . Copland. 13 Colour . Hull. 17 Magnetic Stress . Collins. 25 Fallacies in Mathematics and Astronomy . Lindsay. 32 Earth Currents. Abbe. 33 Magnetic Disturbance . Carpmael. 34 Solar Parallax. Morrison. 38 Earth Currents . .Copland. 46 Meteorology . Elvins. 47 Solar Prominences. Sadden. 48 Dewar on the Liquefaction of Gases. Harvey. 49 Development and Progress of Areas of Depression . Stupart. 53 South Polar Regions of Earth and Mars . Harvey. 61 Comets of Short Period . Denning. 70 Spectrum of the Lightning Flash. Elvins. 73 Form of the Aurora . Van Sommer. 73 The Nebular Hypothesis of La Place . Phillips. 74 The Chamberlin Observatory . Miss Vale. 79 Spectroscopic Binary Stars . Gore. 81 The Transit of Mercury. Lindsay. 85 Construction of Reflecting Telescopes . Collins. 89 Adaptation of Telescope for Spectroscopic Observations . Keeler. 9& Meteorology . Elvins. 99 Memorial to Professor Carpmael . 101 Transit of Mercury, Observations . 103 Meridian Transit of Mercury . Blake. 103 IV The Astronomical and Physical Society of Toronto. PAGE. Transit of Mercury . Hadden. 104 “ “ . Donaldson, 105 Lick Photographs of Lunar Craters . Peal. 107 Star Observations . Donaldson. 111 Special Perturbations . Morrison. 112 Report of Earth Current Committee . Stupart. 145 Earth Current Readings . Dickenson. 146 Progress of Astronomy in 1894 . Paterson. 148 Obituary . 164 Report of Joint Committee on Unification of Time Appendix. Note—Authors are alone responsible for views expressed in papers or abstracts of papers published in this report. Honourary President,—The HON. G. W. ROSS, LL.D., Minister of Education of the Province of Ontario. President,—LARRATT W. SMITH, D.C.L.,. Q.C. E. A. MEREDITH, LL.D. Vice-Presidents,— {JOHN A. PATERSON, M.A. Treasurer,—JAMES TODHUNTER, 85 Wellesley Street. Corresponding Secretary,—G. E. LUMSDEN, Parliament Buildings. Recording Secretary,—CHARLES P. SPARLING, 370 St. James’ Square. Assistant Secretary and Editor,—THOS. LINDSAY, 19 McGill Street. Librarian,—G. G. PURSEY, 189 McCaul Street. Assistants,— MISS JEANE PURSEY. MISS M. BAMBRIDGE. Foreign Correspondent,—JOHN A. COPLAND. The HON. G. W. ROSS, LLD., CHARLES P. SPARLING, LARRATT W. SMITH, D.C.L, Q.C., C. A. CHANT, B.A., E. A. MEREDITH, LL.D., D. J. HOWELL, 1JOHN A. PATERSON, M.A., A. HARVEY, F.R.S.C., JAMES TODHUNTER, R. F. STUPART, G. E. LUMSDEN, REV. C. H. SHORTT, M.A. ANDREW ELVINS, ESQ., 11 St. Vincent Street, Toronto. JOHN GOLDIE, ESQ., Galt, Ontario. LARRATT W. SMITH, ESQ., D.C.L., Q.C., 96 Summerhill Avenue, Toronto. Ex-Vice-chancellor of the University of Toronto. LADY WILSON, Spadina Crescent, Toronto. VI The Astronomical and Physical Society of Toronto. SIR ROBERT STAWELL BALL, Kt., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., Etc., Etc., Lowndean Professor of Astronomy, King’s College, Cambridge, England. WM. HENRY MAHONEY CHHISTIE, F.R.S., F.R.A.S., Etc., Etc., Astronomer Royal, Greenwich, England. GEORGE HOWARD DARWIN, MA., LL.D. (Glasgow), D.Sc. (Dublin), Dr. Phil. Nat. (Padua), F.R.S., F.R.A.S., Etc., Etc., Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, England. SANDFORD FLEMING, G.E., C.M.G., LL.D., Etc., Etc., Chancellor of Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario. PROFESSOR EDWARD S. HOLDEN, LL.D., For. Asso. R.A.S., Etc., Etc., Director of the Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California, U.S.A. WILLIAM HUGGINS, DCL. (Oxon.), LL.D. (Cantab. Edin. et Dubi.), Ph.D. (Lugd. Bat.), F.R.S., F.R.A.S., Hon. F.R.S.E., Etc., Etc., Cor. L’Institut de France, 90 Upper Tulse Hill, London, S. W., England. PROFESSOR DANIEL KrnKWOOD, LL.D., Etc., Etc., Riverside, California, U.S.A. SAMUEL PIERPONT LANGLEY, LL.D., F.R.A.S., Etc., Etc., Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. JOSEPH MORRISON, M.A., M.D., PH.D., F.R.A.S., Etc., Etc., 116 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington, D.C. PROFESSOR SIMON NEWCOMB, LL.D., For. Assso. R.A.S., Etc., Etc., Cor. L’Institut de France, Etc., Etc., Superintendent of the American Nautical Almanac Office, Washington, D.C. PROFESSOR EDWARD CHARLES PICKERING, LL.D., Etc., Etc., Director Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge, Mass. M. OTTO STRUVE, Late Director of the Imperial Observatory, Pulkowa, Russia. PROFESSOR DOCTOR HENRY C. VOGEL, Etc., Etc., Director of the Astrophysical Observatory, Potsdam, Germany. S. W. BURNUAM, M.A., F.R.A.S., Etc., Etc., Chicago, Ill., U.S.A. MISS AGNES M. CLERKE, 68 Redcliffe Sq., London, S.W., England. W. F. PENNING, F.R.A.S., Etc., Etc., Bishopston, Bristol, England. THE REVEREND P. E. ESPIN, M.A., F.R.A.S., Etc., Etc., Director of the Wolsingham Observatory, Tow Law, Darlington, England. J. ELLARD GORE, F.R.A.S., M.R.I.A., Etc., Etc., Ballysodare, Ireland. PROFESSOR G. E. HALE, Director of the Kenwood Physical Observatory, Etc., Etc., University of Chicago, IlL, U.S.A. M. PAUL HENRY, The Observatory, Paris, France. The Astronomical and Physical Society of Toronto. VII J. H. KEDZIE, Chicago, Ill., U.S.A. JAMES EDWARD KEELER, D.Sc., Etc., Etc., Professor of Astronomy in the University of Pennsylvania and Director of the Allegheny Observatory, Allegheny, Pa. W. F. KING, C.E., D. L.S., Etc., Etc., Government Astronomer, Ottawa, Ont. EDWARD WALTER MAUNDER, F.R.A.S., Etc., Etc., First-Class Physical Assistant, Greenwich Observatory, London. PROFESSOR CLEMENT HENRY McLEOD, MA.E., F.R.S.C., M. Can. Soc. CE., Superintendent of McGill College Observatory, Montreal, P.Q. S. E. PEAL, F.R.G.S., Sibsagar, Asain, India. WILLIAM H. PICKERING, MA., Etc., Etc., Director of the Harvard College Observatory at Arequipa, Peru. PROFESSOR WILLIAM A. ROGERS, MA., Pill)., LLD., Etc., Etc., Oolby University, Waterville, Maine. T. S. U. SHEARMEN, Brantford Ontario. MRS. L. D. PROCTOR-SMYTHE, Belfast, Ireland. FRANÇOIS TERRY, D.Sc., Louvain, Belgium. ABREY, GEORGE B., D.L.S., C.E.. Toronto Junction. ALEXANDER, DAVID W. 65 Front Street East, Toronto. ARONSBERG, A . 71 King Street West, “ ATKINSON, WILLIAM P., M.A. (Trin.). 220 Jarneson Avenue, “ BALDWIN, MRS. M. F . 19 Spadina Road, “ BAMBRIDGE, MISS M.. 19 McGill Street, “ BELL, CLARENCE . Attorney-General’s Department, “ BERTRAM, JOHN, ex-M.P. 14 Madison Avenue, “ BLUE, A., FELLOW, A.A.A.S. Director of Mines, “ BRODIE, MISS JESSIE. 409 Parliament Street, “ BURTON, WILLIAM . 19 Larch Street, “ CAMPBELL, WILLIAM . 32 Victoria Street, “ CHANT, CLARENCE A., B.A. (Tor.) . University College, “ CLARK, JOHN M., M.A. (Tor.). 667 Spadina Avenue, “ CLEMENTS, MISS. 88 Wilton Avenue, “ CLOUGHER, JOSEPH P . 173 Huron Street, “ CLOUQHER, THOMAS R. 49 Grenville Street, “ CLUTHE, CHARLES . 134 King Street West, “ COLLINS, JOHN R. 172 Borden Street, “ COLLINS, ZORO M. “ “ “ COLLINSON, C. H., B.A. (Tor.) . Upper Canada College, “ COPLAND, JOHN A. 99 McGill Street, “ VIII The Astronomical and Physical Society of Toronto. DAVIDSON, LIEUT.-COL. JOHN I . 53 St. George Street, Toronto. DE LURY, ALFRED T., B. A. (Tor.) . University College, “ DEPENCIER, REV. ADAM U. Trinity College, “ DEWAR, ROBERT . 148 York Street, “ DONALDSON, J. C., LL.D. (Tor.) . Fergus, Ontario. DOUGLAS, WILLIAM A . ..
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