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Sur Les Pas De Paul Sur les pas de Paul Brest Quimper Centre de recherche Société archéologique bretonne et celtique 1997 du Finistère Sur les pas de Paul Aurélien l_ Document numérisé en 2015 i 1r Sur les pas de Paul Aurélien Colloque international Saint-Pol-de-Léon • 7-8 juin 1991 organisé par le Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique de l'université de Bretagne occidentale Actes réunis et publiés par Bernard TANGUY et Tanguy DANIEL Dragon de la page de couverture : cliché J. Feutren. I.S.B.N. 2-906790-02-8 Brest Quimper Centre de recherche Société archéologique Tous droits de reproduction interdits bretonne et celtique 1997 du Finistère SOMMAIRE DU COLLOQUE Colloque intemational organisé par Vendredi 7 juin Le Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique (C.R.B.C.), • Université de Bretagne occidentale, Brest, Le Comité Paul Aurélien, Président de séance : Yves LE GALLO, professeur émérite à l'université de Bretagne occiden­ tale, C.R.B.C. avec le concours . P. GALLIOU, maître de conférences à l'université de Bretagne occidentale, C.R.B.C. du Conseil général du Finistère, -Avant saint Paul: le Léon à l'époque romaine. de la Ville de Saint-Pol-de-Léon, de l'Association culturelle et artistique du Léon et de Radio-France Bretagne Ouest. Président de séance: Gwenaël LE Duc, professeur à l'université de Haute-Bretagne, Rennes Il. Sean Mc GRAIL, professeur à l'université d'Oxford. - De la Grande à la Petite Bretagne au temps de saint Paul Aurélien. Alan LANE, senior lecturer à l'université du pays de Galles, Cardiff.- La Grande-Bretagne occidentale du V' au VIr siècle: l'arrière-plan insulaire de saint Paul Aurélien. François KERLOUÉGAN, professeur à l'université de Franche-Comté, Besançon. -La Vita Pauli Aureliani d'Uurmonoc deLandévennec. · Bernard MERDRIGNAC, chargé de cours à l'université de Haute-Bretagne, Rennes II. -Des origines insulaires de Paul Aurélien. Diaporama sur Paul Aurélien (M. et Mme Caouissin). 7 Samedi 8 juin Président de séance: Jean KERHERVÉ, professeur à l'université de Bretagne occidentale, C.R.B.C. Bernard TANGUY, chercheur au C.N.R.S., chargé de cours à l'université de Bretagne occidentale, C.R.B.C. -L'itinéraire religieux de saint Paul Aurélien en Léon. Jo IRIEN, archéologue et écrivain, Tréflévénez. - Le culte de saint Pau! Aurélien et de ses dis­ AVANT-PROPOS ciples. Yves-Pascal CASTEL, chercheur à l'Inventaire général de Bretagne. -Les reliques de Paul Aurélien. Visite guidée de la cathédrale. Il y a six ans, les 7 et 8 juin 1991, se tenait à Saint-Pol-de-Léon le col­ loque international «Sur les pas de Paul Aurélien>>. Ce colloque s'inscrivait Table ronde: Paul Aurélien, son époque, sa vie, son culte. dans le cadre des manifestations organisées par la municipalité saint-poli­ Présidence: André CHÉDEVILLE, professeur à l'université de Haute-Bretagne, taine pour célébrer le quinzième centenaire de la naissance du saint fonda­ Rennes Il. teur de la cité, qui naquit, aux dires d'Albert Le Grand, «l'an de grâce 492>>. Participants: Y.-P. Castel, P. Galliou, J. Irien, F. Kerlouégan, A. Lane, G. Le Duc, Jean­ Organisé conjointement par le Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique et le Louis Le Floc'h (archiviste diocésain), S. Mc Grail, Marc Simon (moine à l'abbaye de Comité Paul Aurélien, avec le concours du conseil général du Finistère, de Landévennec), B. Tanguy. la ville de Saint-Pol-de-Léon et de l'Association culturelle et artistique du Léon, ce colloque, à l'instar de celui qui s'était déroulé àLocronan en 1989, Exposition Marc Robert à la maison prébendale : Mythes celtiques et nordiques. avait l'avantage de se tenir in situ et d'être ouvert à un large public. Le suc­ cès rencontré par cette formule, succès qui s'est confirmé, trois ans après, avec le colloque consacré à l'abbaye de Saint-Mathieu, témoigne qu'elle per­ met de répondre à une attente débordant largement le cercle du happy few des initiés. Le sujet aurait pu pourtant rebuter, saint Paul Aurélien appartenant aux temps les plus obscurs de l'histoire de la Bretagne, avec ce qu'ils com­ portent d'incertitudes et de difficultés d'appréhension pour le spécialiste et, a fortiori, pour le néophyte, fût-il averti. Tâche ardue que celle de l'historien, quand le témoignage principal est celui d'un hagiographe écrivant la Vie de son héros quelque trois siècles plus tard et regrettant lui-même de ne pou­ voir, parmi ses frères et sœurs, en citer que trois, les autres ayant «disparu du trésor de la mémoire en raison de l'énormité du temps écoulé depuis et de l'étendue considérable de mer et de terre séparant son pays du leur>>. Tâche passionnante cependant quand, soumis, sous des. angles différents, à la cri­ tique la plus experte, ce témoignage conduit à la redécouverte d'un pan d'his­ toire qui, s'il n'apparaît en pleine lumière, retrouve néanmoins forme et consistance. 8 9 Sur les pas de Paul Aurélien Avant-propos Écrite en 884 par le moine Wrmonoc, la Vita sancti Pauli Aureliani, l'une L'organisation matérielle n'aura pas été en reste. La municipalité de des plus importantes vitae bretonne.~ anciennes, ne pouvait être qu'au centre Saint-Pol-de-Lédn, en la personne de son maire, M. Adrien Kervella, et de de ce colloque. Aussi convenait-il, en premier lieu, d'en éclairer la forme et son adjointe à la Culture, Mm• Marie-Thérèse Mesguen, le Comité Paul le contenu. Nul n'était mieux désigné que M. François Kerlouégan pour étu­ Aurélien n'ont pas ménagé leurs efforts pour que le colloque se déroule dans dier les conditions de sa rédaction, ses aspects stylistiques, les différents les meilleures conditions et que s'instaure un climat de convivialité et de cor­ manuscrits qui en assurèrent la transmission. Quant au contenu, la partition dialité entre les participants. Nous les en remercions vivement. de l'ouvrage en deux livres, l'un consacré à la partie insulaire, l'autre à la Nous adressons ces mêmes remerciements à Mm• Chantal Guillou, partie continentale de la vie du saint, suggérait qu'il fasse l'objet d'une secrétaire administrative du Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique, dont double analyse : spécialiste incontesté de l'hagiographie bretonne, M. l'action fut déterminante pour la mise sur pied aussi bien que pour la tenue Bernard Merdrignac se chargea de la première, nous-même de la seconde. du colloque, ainsi qu'à Mm• Isabelle Bray, qui la seconda avec efficacité. L'examen des données de la Vit a appelait des prolongements. Il était Nous y associons, pour son précieux concours, M. Denis Le Guillou, tech­ essentiel d'apporter un éclairage, d'une part, sur l'arrière-plan insulaire et nicien du service audio-visuelde l'université de Bretagne occidentale. plus spécialement sur celui de l'ouest de la Grande-Bretagne àl'époque du S'agissant de l'organisation scientifique, nous remercions vivement éga­ saint, ainsi que sur les problèmes posés par la navigation en ces temps recu­ lement M.. Patrick Galliou pour le soutien qu'il a apporté à sa réalisation, lés, d'autre part, sur la situation du Léon à la fin de l'époque romaine. En la notamment pour s'être chargé de solliciter la participation des chercheurs matière, il était souhaitable de faire appel à la compétence d'archéologues. britanniques et d'assurer la traduction de leurs communications. Se fondant sur les données les plus récentes de l'archéologie, deux cher­ cheurs britanniques spécialistes, l'un, M. Alan Lane, de l'archéologie médié­ Publiés aujourd'hui avec le concours de la Société archéologique du vale de l'Écosse, de l'Irlande et du pays de Galles, l'autre, M. Sean Mac Finistère, les Actes du colloque n'ont pu voir le jour plus tôt. Des difficultés Grail, de l'archéologie maritime, se penchèrent sur les deux premiers aspects matérielles en ont différé la parution. Sans doute, d'aucuns regretteront que de la question, tandis que M. Patrick Galliou, spécialiste de la Bretagne le point d'orgue se soit fait attendre, mais nous sommes persuadé que le romaine, faisait le point sur le troisième. - contenu des Actes ne les décevra pas. Les communications sont présentées dans l'ordre de leur déroulement. Certaines d'entre elles ont été remaniées Se devait d'être aussi abordé le culte du saint en Bretagne et en sa ville ou augmentées, parfois notablement, par leurs auteurs mais conservent la de Saint-Pol. Parfait connaisseur de l'hagiographie bretonne, l'abbé Jo lrien substance de l'exposé qui en a été fait. Ces Actes fourniront au lecteur un consacra une étude exhaustive au culte du saint et de ses disciples dans la état de la recherche. Il lui faudra sans doute remettre en question certaines péninsule. Il revenait à un Saint-Politain de souche, l'abbé Yves-Pascal idées reçues, mais il est des renoncements salutaires quand ils conduisent Castel, chercheur à l'Inventaire, spécialisé, en particulier, dans le domaine vers la recherche d'une plus grande vérité historique. de l'orfèvrerie religieuse ancienne, de traiter de la question des reliques et des objets liés au culte du saint, notamment de sa cloche et de son étole. Si, en clôture, lors de la table ronde, présidée par M. André Chédeville, d'autres aspects n'ont pu être évoqués que très succinctement, grâce à la Bernard TANGUY présence, outre des intervenants, de M. le chanoine Jean-Louis Le Floc'h, Chargé de recherche au C.N.R.S.- C.R.B.C. de frère Marc Simon et de M.
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