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FIS Vol 43 Edisi Juni 2016-Baru-I Jurnal Forum Ilmu Sosial Volume 43 Nomor 1 Juni 2016 JURNAL ISSN 1412-971X FORUM ILMU SOSIAL Ketua Penyunting Maman Rachman Daftar Isi 1-12 Energi Sosial di Pedesaan Dalam Memberdayakan Wakil Ketua Penyunting Pembangunan di Desa. Eva Banowati (Penelitian Pada Beberapa Daerah Pedesaan Di Kabupaten Sekretaris Penyunting Pacitan Jawa Timur) Edi Kurniawan Masrukhi, M.Pd. dan Indah Sri Utari, M.Hum 13-25 Peran Paguyuban Pedagang Lokal Sekaran dalam Bendahara Menguatkan Ekonomi Kerakyatan di Kelurahan Sekaran Setiajid Kota Semarang. Elly Kismini, Asma Luthfi dan Harto Wicaksono 26-37 Membaca Ulang Pendidikan Humanis Penyunting Pelaksana (Literacy Pendidikan Humanis) Cahyo Budi Utomo Yuni Suprapto, M.Pd Putri Agus Wijayati Arif Purnomo 38-45 Dinamika Pendidikan Masyarakat Nelayan di Desa Juhadi Pandangan Wetan Kecamatan Kragan Kabupaten Rembang. Sriyanto Moh. Saiful Fatwa, M.Pd. At. Sugeng Priyanto 46-62 Anut Grubyug: Takluknya Petani Pada Mobilisasi Puji Lestari Pembangunan. Thriwaty Arsal Studi Kasus Pada Proyek Pengembangan Jarak Pagar Sebagai Ninuk Sholikhah Akhiroh Sumber Energi Alternatif di Kecamatan Tepus, Gunungkidul, di Yogyakarta Gunawan Penyunting Ahli Analisis Pola Pengelolaan Lahan Pertanian di Sekitar Tri Marhaeni Pudji Astuti 63-71 Meander Luk Ulo Kecamatan Karangsambung Kabupaten Kebumen. Sriyono, Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati, Suroso dan Astari Amalia Mitra Bebestari 72-80 Pembelajaran Group Investigation Untuk Meningkatkan Warsono (Universitas Negeri Surabaya) Hasil Belajar Materi Kemerdekaan Mengemukakan Udin S. Winataputra (Universitas Terbuka) Pendapat . Wahyu (Universitas Lambung Mangkurat) Sugi, S.Pd., M.Pd. Sapriya (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia) Purwo Santoso (Universitas Gadjah Mada) 81-92 Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran IPS dengan Menggunakan Metode brainstorming untuk Meningkatkan Berpikir Kritis di Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Suhirno, Muhari dan Suhanadji Pelaksana Tata Usaha Suharyati 93-101 Existence In The Village Lanting House Cape Commercial Mariyam District Nangga Pinoh Melawi West Kalimantan. Mardiana dan Emi Tipuk Lestari 102-110 Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Jender Dan Pengurangan Penerbit Kemiskinan: Studi Kasus dalam Pemerintahan Desa. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Tiyas Nur Haryani, Azyani, Puput Universitas Negeri Semarang (Unnes) Pembina : Moh Solehatul Mustofa , Penanggungjawab : Prof. Wasino, Alamat Penerbit Pengarah : Apik Budi Santoso, Ngabiyanto. Gedung C7 Lantai 3 Kampus Sekaran Penyunting menerima sumbangan tulisan yang belum pernah Gunungpati, Semarang 50229 diterbitkan dalam media lain. Naskah diketik di atas HVS kuarto Telp. (024) 8508006 spasi ganda sepanjang lebih kurang 22 halaman, dengan format Email : [email protected] tercantum pada halaman kulit belakang (“Ketentuan Penulisan Artikel Forum Ilmu Sosial”). Naskah yang masuk dievaluasi dan disunting Alamat E-Journal untuk keseragaman format, istilah, dan tata cara lainnya. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/FIS FIS43 (1) (2016) FORUM ILMU SOSIAL JURNAL http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/FIS FORUM ILMU SOSIAL ENERGI SOSIAL DI PEDESAAN DALAM MEMBERDAYAKAN PEMBANGUNAN DI DESA (Penelitian pada beberapa daerah pedesaan di Kabupaten Pacitan Jawa Timur) Masrukhi, M.Pd. Jurusan Politik dan Kewarganegaraan FIS UNNES Indah Sri Utari, M.Hum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Negeri Semarang InfoArtikel Abstrak Sejarah Artikel Dalam kesederhanaan kehidupan masyarakat desa, terkandung Diterima Mei 2016 energi sosial yang mampu menggerakkan dinamika pembangunan setempat. Disetujui Juni 2016 Energi sosial itu tumbuh dan berkembang dalam irama kehidupan Dipublikasikan Juni 2016 masyarakat desa. Keberadaanya sangat kuat oleh karena diikat oleh tatanan nilai-nilai lokal berupa kekerabatan, nilai budaya dan kepemimpinan lokal. Keywords : Oleh karena itu yang sangat menarik dari kajian ini adalah bagaimana energi social energy, empowerment, rural sosial di desa menggerakkan dinamika pembangunan masyarakat desa. development Dengan mengambil setting di desa terpencil pada tiga kecamatan di Kabupaten Pacitan, yaitu kecamatan Donorojo, kecamatan Tulakan, dan kecamatan Tegal Ombo, dan studi kasus sebagai pendekatan penelitiannya, kajian ini menjadi sangat penting oleh karena para pengambil kebijakan pembangunan di pedesaan tidak dapat mengabaikan keberadaan energi sosial ini dalam upaya memberdayakan masyarakat bagi pembangunan di pedesaan. Abstract In the simplicity of village life, embodied energy that can move the social dynamics of local development. Social energy that grow and develop in the rhythm of village life. Present at very strong by being bound by the order of local values in the form of kinship, cultural values and local leadership. Therefore, it is very interesting from this study is how to mobilize social energy in rural development dynamics of rural communities. Set in northern remote villages in three districts in Pacitan, namely districts Donorojo, sub Tulakan, and sub Tegal Ombo, and case studies as an approach to research, this study is very important because policy makers rural development can not ignore the existence of energy this social in an effort to empower communities for rural development. 2016 Universitas Negeri Semarang * Alamat korespondensi - [email protected] - indahsuji@mail. unnes.ac.id Forum Ilmu Sosial, Vol. 43 No. 1 Juni 2016 1 PENDAHULUAN kerangka kepentingan pembangunan ke depan, paradigma pembangunan seperti itu Dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan di tidak lagi fungsional. Harus ada upaya yang Indonesia selama ini, masyarakat pedesaan sistematis dan konseptual untuk membangun dengan nilai, kepemimpinan dan kearifan- paradigma baru yang bertumpu pada kearifan yang dimilikinya acapkali keadilan, kesejahteraan, emansipasi dan disingkirkan atas nama “pembangunan”, dan patisipasi dari masyarakat yang menjadi “modernisasi masyarakat terbelakang” sasaran pembangunan. (Albrow, 2006; Anderson, 1996; Beilharz, Penelitian ini akan memusatkan 2002). Mereka dianggap bersifat “dekaden”, perhatian pada energi sosial-budaya kreatif “pasif”, dan “primitif”yang berarti anti- (selanjutnya disebut: energi sosial) dalam modernitas (Beilcharz, 2002). Maka tidak kelembagaan lokal di pedesaan Pacitan heran, jika atas nama pembangunan, terjadi sebagai modal sosial (social capital) proses marginalisasi dan penaklukan setempat yang potensil menunjang terhadap masyarakat pedesaan. kesejahteraan dan penyelenggaraan otonomi Oleh program pembangunan dengan daerah. Kelembagaan lokal dimaksud, sekalian produknya, masyarakat pedesaan adalah “pola perilaku yang mantap” berupa makin kehilangan wahana untuk meng- organisasi ataupun non-organisasi yang ada aktualisasikan hak-hak dasar mereka, seperti di lingkungan kecamatan dan desa. hak menunaikan ritual, hak untuk Ada dua proposisi penelitian ini. mengembangkan warisan budaya dan lain Pertama, energi-energi sosial-budaya kreatif sebagainya (Albrow, 2006; Beilharz, 2002). yang dimiliki masyarakat, selain merupakan Secara umum, akibat hubungan modal sosial (social capital) yang berfungsi konfliktual itu, tidak saja telah menimbulkan menjamin kesejahteraan bersama antara fragmentasi sosial yang rawan konflik, tetapi warga dan kelompok masyarakat setempat, juga telah mengurangi pemanfaatan juga diduga berperan sebagai jaringan maksimal terhadap kekayaan “energi sosial” kerjasama dengan pihak luar, termasuk yang dimiliki masing-masing kelompok itu dengan pemerintah.Kedua, di tengah bagi kedamaian dan kesejahteraan keterbatasan sumber daya yang dihadapi bersama.Bagi masyarakat pedesaan, akibat pemerintah daerah (SDM, SDA, finansial), marginalisasi dan penaklukan sistematis itu, pendayagunaan energi sosial lokal akan adalah (1) “Energi sosial-budaya kreatif” sangat membantu pelaksanaan otonomi yang dimilikinya sebagai modal sosial bagi daerah yang bertopang pada ketahanan dan kesejahteraan mereka, ikut dikorbankan”. kemandirian daerah. Masalah pokok dalam (2) Sumber-sumber pengetahuan tradisional kajian ini adalah, kelembagaan lokal dan dan lokal yang sebenarnya merupakan energi sosial apa sajakah yang dimiliki kearifan lokal yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat pedesaan di Pacitan, yang kelangsungan hidup para pendukungnya mampu mengeliminr kemiskinan dan maupun bagi tujuan-tujuan pembangunan potensil menunjang otonomi daerah.. Dari secara umum, ikut tersingkirkan.Dalam masalah pokok tersebut, beberapa 2 Forum Ilmu Sosial, Vol. 43 No. 1 Juni 2016 pertanyaan riset dimunculkan sebagai dikaji pada empat aspek kelembagaan lokal berikut. Pertama, sejauhmana dukungan yang ada di lingkungan pedesaan Pacitan, keluarga dan ikatan kekerabatan berfungsi yakni: pada tingkat kekerabatan, lokalitas, sebagai media kerjasama dan tolong- nilai budaya, dan kepemimpinan lokal. menolong dalam mengatasi masalah yang Untuk kepentingan penelitian ini, energi dihadapi para warga di masing-masing sosial lokal hendak dikaji pada empat aspek lingkungan sosial yang ada. Kedua, jaringan kelembagaan lokal yang ada, dengan dan bentuk kerjasama apa sajakah yang perincian sebagai berikut. Pertama, dikembangkan di antara satuan lokalitas. kekerabatan: menyangkut sistem dukungan Ketiga, sejauhmana dalam pola/nilai budaya keluarga dan ikatan kekerabatan yang ada lokal pada tiap komunitas budaya, berakar pada masing-masing lingkungan sosial pranata-pranata yang bersifat menjamin dalam menghadapi dan mengatasi suatu kesejahteraan bersama dan ketahanan sosial masalah/kebutuhan. Kedua, lokalitas: bentuk setempat. Keempat, sejauhmana ke- kerjasama dalam masyarakat lokal di luar pemimpinan lokal memiliki potensi sebagai sistem keluarga dan kekerabatan,
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