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Rim Nr.3-4-3-Nov.-2009.Pmd SUMAR • 23 august 1944, un eveniment controversat – general-maior (r) dr. MIHAIL E. IONESCU ............................................................................................ 1 • Opinii – NEAGU DJUVARA, prof. univ. dr. ALESANDRU DUŢU, academician DINU C. REVISTA DE ISTORIE GIURESCU, DORIN MATEI, colonel (r) dr. PETRE OTU, prof. univ. dr. IOAN MILITAR~ SCURTU, cc. şt. dr. OTTMAR TRAŞCĂ, prof. univ. dr. CRISTIAN TRONCOTĂ, locotenent-colonel (r) dr. KLAUS SCHÖNHERR, prof. dr. O.A. RJEŞEVSKY ......... 5 Publicaţia este editată de Ministerul Apărării Naţionale, prin • 23 august 1944 în mărturiile actorilor săi Institutul pentru Studii Politice – Regele MIHAI I, general CONSTANTIN SĂNĂTESCU, colonel EMILIAN de Apărare şi Istorie Militară, IONESCU, general AUREL ALDEA, colonel DUMITRU DĂMĂCEANU, membru al Consorţiului Acade- maior ANTON DUMITRESCU, MIRCEA IONNIŢIU, ION MOCSONY-STYRCEA, miilor de Apărare şi Institutelor pentru Studii de Securitate din VICTOR RĂDULESCU-POGONEANU, EMIL BODNĂRAŞ, cadrul Parteneriatului pentru CONSTANTIN PÂRVULESCU – grupaj realizat de cdor. (r) GHEORGHE VARTIC .... 31 Pace, coordonator naţional al Proiectului de Istorie Paralelă: • Metamorfoza semnificaţiei lui 23 august 1944. Gheorghiu-Dej NATO – Tratatul de la Varşovia şi pretenţiile de legitimitate istorică – cc. şt. dr. CEZAR STANCIU ........... 51 • Preliminarii ale actului de la 23 august 1944 COLEGIUL DE REDAC}IE - Bombardamentul strategic anglo-american în Europa de Sud-Est: strategie • General-maior (r) dr. MIHAIL şi politică – prof. dr. RICHARD DAVIS .................................................................. 60 E. IONESCU, directorul Institu- tului pentru Studii Politice de • Diplomaţie şi apărare Apărare şi Istorie Militară - Lumini şi umbre ale relaţiilor româno-polone în perioada interbelică (I) – prof. dr. NICOLAE MAREŞ .............................................................................. 71 • Colonel (r) dr. PETRE OTU, directorul ştiinţific al Institutului • Dezvăluiri pentru Studii Politice de Apărare - Generalul Franz Conrad von Hoetzendorf şi Convenţia militară secretă şi Istorie Militară cu România din 30 noiembrie 1912 – conf. univ. dr. SORIN CRISTESCU .......... 84 • Prof. univ. dr. DENNIS DELE- TANT, London University • Reforma organismului militar - Oportunităţi eşuate? Falimentul construirii unei forţe armate eficiente, • Prof. univ. dr. MIHAI după colapsul Imperiului German în 1918 – prof.dr. MICHAEL EPKENHANS ..... 96 RETEGAN, Universitatea Bucureşti •Cronică ştiinţifică • IULIAN FOTA, consilier - A IX-a Conferinţă Internaţională a Grupului de Lucru „Studierea Conflictelor” prezidenţial – dr. ALEXANDRU MADGEARU ........................................................................ 101 • Dr. SERGIU IOSIPESCU, cc. • Din filele publicaţiilor străine şt., Institutul pentru Studii - „Militärgeschichte” – WINFRIED HEINEMANN: Hitler-Stalin-Pakt. Politice de Apărare şi Istorie Pactul Hitler-Stalin – traducere şi adaptare de PETER-VLAD SZASZ ................. 109 Militară • Prof. univ. dr. ALESANDRU •In memoriam DUŢU, Universitatea „Spiru - John E. Jessup Jr. (1927-2009) – SERGIU IOSIPESCU .................................. 112 Haret” • Revista a fost inclusă în baza de date a Consiliului Naţional al Cercetării • Prof. univ. dr. MARIA GEOR- Ştiinţifice în Învăţământul Superior, fiind evaluată la categoria „B”. GESCU, Universitatea Piteşti • Abonamentele se fac prin unităţile militare, pentru cititorii din armată (6 lei x 6 = 36 lei/an), precum şi prin oficiile poştale şi factorii poştali • Comandor (r) GHEORGHE 7,5 lei x 6 = 45 lei/an). Sumele se depun în contul nr. VARTIC, cc. şt., Institutul pentru RO46TREZ7015005XXX000147 deschis la Trezoreria Statului, sector 1, Bucureşti Studii Politice de Apărare şi pentru U.M.02526 Bucureşti, cod fiscal: 4221098. Istorie Militară • Poziţia revistei în lista-catalog a publicaţiilor este la numărul 5017 ISSN 1220-5710 ISSN 1220-5710 CONTENTS • 23 august 1944, a disputed event – Major-General (r) MIHAIL E. IONESCU, PhD ................................ 1 • Points of view - NEAGU DJUVARA, ALESANDRU DUŢU, DINU C. GIURESCU, DORIN MATEI, PETRE OTU, IOAN SCURTU, OTTMAR TRAŞCĂ, CRISTIAN TRONCOTĂ, KLAUS SCHÖNHERR, O.A. RJEŞEVSKY .......... 5 • August 23, 1944, testimonies of the actors involved - KING MIHAI I, General CONSTANTIN SĂNĂTESCU, Colonel EMILIAN IONESCU, General AUREL ALDEA, Colonel DUMITRU DĂMĂCEANU, Major ANTON DUMITRESCU, MIRCEA IONNIŢIU, ION MOCSONY-STYRCEA, VICTOR RĂDULESCU-POGONEANU, EMIL BODNĂRAŞ, CONSTANTIN PÂRVULESCU – collection put together by Commander (r) GHEORGHE VARTIC ................. 31 • The Epic of 23 August. Gheorghiu-Dej and his claim to historical legitimacy – CEZAR STANCIU, PhD ... 51 • Preparations for the act of August 23, 1944 - Anglo-American Strategic Bombardment in South-East Europe: Strategy and Politics – RICHARD DAVIS, PhD (USA) ........................................................................................................................................................................ 60 • Diplomacy and Defense - Lights and shadows in the Polish-Romanian relations during the interwar period (I) – NICOLAE MAREŞ, PhD ...... 71 • Revelations - General Franz Conrad von Hoetzendorf and the Secret Military Convention with Romania of November 30, 1912 – SORIN CRISTESCU, PhD ........................................................................................................................... 84 • Reform in the military body - Missed Opportunities? The failure to build up reliable armed forces after the collapse of the German Empire in 1918 – MICHAEL EPKENHANS, PhD (Germany) ............................................................................... 96 • Scientific review - The 9th International Conference of „Conflict Studies” Working Group – ALEXANDRU MADGEARU, PhD ... 101 • From foreign publications „Militärgeschichte”: WINFRIED HEINEMANN – Hitler-Stalin-Pakt (translations and adaptation by PETER VLAD SZASZ) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 109 • In memoriam - John E. Jesssup Jr. (1927-2009) – SERGIU IOSIPESCU .................................................................................. 112 • GHEORGHE VARTIC, redactor-[ef • LIVIA MANOLE, corector • MARIANA B~HN~REANU, culegere computerizat` • ADRIAN PANDEA, coperta, ELENA LEMNARU, tehnoredactare computerizat` Adresa redacţiei: strada Constantin Mille nr. 6, cod 010142, Bucureşti, sector 1, telefon: 3157827, telefax: 004021-3137955 www.ispaim.ro Tiparul executat la Centrul Tehnic Editorial al Armatei sub comanda nr. 5323/2009 B 223/12.11.2009 23 AUGUST 1944, UN EVENIMENT CONTROVERSAT General-maior (r) dr. MIHAIL E. IONESCU, Directorul Institutului pentru Studii Politice de Apărare şi Istorie Militară Istoria celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial con- ternităţii şi a conţinutului actului de la 23 august semnează că prin actul de la 23 august 1944, 1944. Dacă, la început, el a fost considerat o „lovi- România s-a desprins de Germania nazistă, s-a tură de palat”, pornindu-se de la rolul decisiv al alăturat Coaliţiei Naţiunilor Unite şi s-a angajat în suveranului în arestarea Antoneştilor, mai apoi i s-a război împotriva vechiului aliat. spus „lovitură de stat” organizată de rege cu sprijinul Actul, în sine, a însemnat, faptic, arestarea unor generali din armată şi al reprezentanţilor celor Mareşalului Ion Antonescu, din dispoziţia Regelui patru partide politice, pentru ca ulterior, pe măsura Mihai, şi instaurarea la putere a unui guvern de comunizării ţării, evenimentul să fie confiscat în coaliţie, sub egida politică a PNŢ, PNL, PSD şi PCR, întregime de către partidul comunist. Astfel, după guvern însărcinat cu încheierea armistiţiului. La numai un an şi două luni, comuniştii îşi atribuiau ordinul suveranului, armata română s-a desprins deja rolul hotărâtor în rândul celorlalte partide care în următoarele ore din dispozitivul german şi a concuraseră la reuşita răsturnării guvernului angajat primele lupte cu trupele Wehrmacht-ului, antonescian: „Acţiunea militară în vederea loviturii în capitala României şi pe Valea Prahovei. de stat de la 23 August 1944 fusese pregătită de Consecinţele actului României din 23 august către o comisie în care, pe lângă un grup de generali 1944 pentru evoluţia ulterioară a celei de a doua şi ofiţeri superiori, partidul nostru a fost singurul conflagraţii mondiale sunt cunoscute. Interpre- partid care a participat prin delegaţii săi”. La 22 tarea conţinutului acestui eveniment, apreciat că august 1949, „lovitura de stat” devenise „actul de la a determinat scurtarea războiului cu mai bine de 23 August 1944, pregătit şi înfăptuit de către Partidul şase luni, a fost însă diferită. Comunist Român”, semnificaţia acestei zile ampli- „Defecţiunea” sau chiar „trădarea” României ficându-se ulterior aşa încât a fost decretată „ziua au fost calificativele atribuite actului de la 23 au- eliberării României de către glorioasa Armată gust 1944 de către unii lideri politici şi militari Sovietică, ziua doborârii dictaturii fasciste anto- nazişti, decizia Bucureştilor fiind considerată drept nesciene de către forţele patriotice conduse de „opera unei clici de trădători” care a produs o partid, cea mai mare sărbătoare naţională a răsturnare de fronturi extrem de periculoasă. poporului nostru”. Din 1955, documentele oficiale Coaliţia Naţiunilor Unite, beneficiară a ieşirii ale partidului comunist atribuie zilei de 23 august României
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